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1
Smolyn, Yaroslav. "Problems of the Legal Nature of a Monetary Receivable Assignment under a Factoring Contract." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 11, no. 43 (2024): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2024.43.227.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the relations of the parties under the factoring contract and the ensuring of the client’s obligation fulfillment to the factor by the assignment of monetary receivables. The client’s obligation to the factor on assignment of the monetary receivables under the factoring contract is analyzed in the article. Based on the exploration of the factoring contract construction, the content of the client’s core obligation to the factor under the conditions of the contract is determined. The assignment of monetary receivables. The assignment of monetary receivables in order to fulfill the core obligation and the accessory one of the client to the factor are analyzed. Their ratios are found out. The approaches of scientists to the justification of ensuring the fulfillment obligations under the factoring contract by assigning the right to a monetary claim, its meaning and feasibility of application in factoring relations are given. The peculiarities and characteristics of the monetary receivables, as a type of the client’s obligations to the factor fulfillment ensuring, are clarified. The thesis about the expediency of distinguishing the assignment of monetary receivables in order to fulfill the core obligation and the accessory one is proposed. The expediency of ensuring the fulfillment of the client’s obligations to the factor is substantiated by a real, individually determined monetary receivable, which has fallen due, because in this case, guarantees to protect the factor’s interests in case the client violates his obligations are created. The correspondence of the criteria for the by the legislator’s formalization of the monetary receivable assignment to the features of the accessory obligation is studied. The nature of the obligations that arise between the factor and the client during the security assignment of a monetary receivables is committed and its implementation by the factor are being researched. Upon the aforementioned the conclusions about the nature of relations between the factor and the client during the accessory monetary receivable assignment implementation which has an inherent intermediary character and the imperfection of the ensuring accomplishment of the obligation mechanism under the contract by the assignment of monetary receivable are made.
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Gao, Chaokun, and Yinglai He. "Journey to the Future: The Assignment of Future Receivables in China." International Journal of Education and Humanities 19, no. 2 (2025): 103–7. https://doi.org/10.54097/yw5jx649.
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The legality of the assignment of future receivables in Chinese law has undergone a significant transformation, representing another instance of Chinese law continuously updating itself to meet transactional demands. Chinese law does not recognize the independent juristic act of real rights, thus offering a more flexible legal framework for explaining the assignment of future receivables. To eliminate the negative externalities of the assignment of future receivables, it is essential to continuously refine the certainty standard to exclude assignments of future receivables that lack any determinability and to establish a unified registration system. The effect of future receivables assignment occurs immediately at the time of agreement, at which point the future receivables will become the enforceable assets of the assignee.
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Levrinc, Miloš. "Assignments of Receivables in Civil and Commercial Matters Under the Laws of the Slovak Republic." Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 6, no. 2 (2023): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-6.2-a000223.
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Background: Receivables play an increasingly important role in the financing of particularly small and medium-sized businesses. This importance has been recognised by many international organisations, including UNIDROIT, which is slated to adopt a Model Law on Factoring in 2023. The purpose of the Model Law is to encourage States to modernise their legal frameworks for absolute and security assignments, as well as pledges of receivables. The EU has been struggling to find common ground with respect to a regulation on the law applicable to assignments that would build on the Rome I Regulation. A modern receivables regime rests on several key foundation blocks that include the ability to describe receivables generically, achievement of third-party effectiveness by registration, and predictable priority rules. Much of the law of assignments is of contractual nature, which is suitable to party autonomy. Party autonomy in the field of contractual obligations is a recognised institution under the national substantive law of the legal order of the Slovak Republic. In some respects, the Slovak legal regime would benefit from modernisation, such as in requiring all types of assignments and pledges to be registered, which facilitates the determination of priorities. This article examines the law governing assignments of receivables in civil and commercial matters in the Slovak Republic. It not only analyses the statutory law but also surveys the relevant case law that fills gaps in the legislation. Methods: The author uses traditional scientific methods: logical methods - the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, the method of analogy, the descriptive method, as well as comparative method. First, the descriptive method was used to familiarise the reader with the applicable statutory provisions governing assignments of receivables in civil and commercial matters in the Slovak Republic. Second, the author analyses specific provisions with regard to current developments and practical applications. Third, the author uses a comparative method in highlighting the practical needs that incentivise the modernisation of the current legislation in light of recent developments, especially the upcoming adoption of the UNIDROIT Model Law on Factoring. Results and Conclusions: The Slovak regime for absolute assignments of receivables is governed by the Civil Code, which also applies to assignments in commercial transactions. The Code also recognises a security assignment of receivable. The pledge law reform in 2002 introduced a registration system for pledges of receivables. Special laws continue to govern specific types of receivables. Case law has addressed several aspects of transfers of receivables, particularly in insolvency. However, no statutory provision provides a priority rule among the statutorily-recognised types of transfers. Several other aspects have been clarified in case law. For instance, the Supreme Court of Slovakia defined a description standard for future receivables, which must be identified by the name of the transferor, debtor, and a category, such as a receivable arising from the following contract. The degree of specificity is driven by doctrinal considerations rather than the needs of practice. Several important practical aspects are neither grounded in a statutory foundation nor case law. One example is the lack of recognition of transfers of partial interests in a receivable, a practice that is common in the Slovak market. The law recognises and enforces an anti-assignment clause that would make a transfer ineffective. However, such a clause would be ineffective in the insolvency of the transferor, so the insolvency estate would include the receivable. In this aspect, Slovak law falls short of the international standards that override the effect of anti-assignment clauses. Since the pledge law reform over two decades ago, no statutory changes concerning transfers of receivables have been introduced. The interpretation of the existing framework by the courts exacerbates uncertainty. The lack of certainty and predictability embedded in the statutory framework that falls short of international standards are good reasons to consider reforming the framework.
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Jon, WooJung. "Comparative Analysis on the Anti-Assignment Clause and Perfection of the Assignment of Receivables." Korean Association of Civil Law 107 (June 30, 2024): 139–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52554/kjcl.2024.107.139.
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At the time of the enactment of the Korean Civil Code, the provision regarding anti-assignment clauses and perfection of the assignment of claims against third parties were referred to the Japanese Civil Code. However, in 2017, Japan significantly revised Article 466 of its Civil Code, which deals with the anti-assignment clause. The provisions of the Japanese Civil Code regarding perfection of the assignment of claims against third parties were referred to the French Civil Code when Japan enacted its Civil Code in 1896. However, France revised its Civil Code to adopt a written form requirement for the contract of assignment of claims (French Civil Code, Article 1322), and removed the requirement of notification to the debtor for perfection of the assignment of claims against third parties, so that perfection of the assignment against third parties is acquired at the time of the conclusion of the assignment agreement (French Civil Code, Article 1323). The German Civil Code, from the beginning, stipulates that perfection of the assignment against third parties is acquired at the time of the conclusion of the assignment contract, and notification to the debtor is not a requirement. Considering these global revision trends, it is desirable to consider revision of the Korean Civil Code regarding anti-assignment clauses and perfection of the assignment of claims against third parties. As a proposed revision to the Korean Commercial Code, the introduction of a provision specifically dealing with receivables can also be considered. According to this proposal, for non-monetary claims, the assignment of claims would be void if the assignee is aware (or grossly negligent) of the anti-assignment clause, and the assignment would be valid if the assignee is unaware under the Korean Civil Code; and in the case of commercial receivables, the assignment of receivables would be valid regardless of whether the assignee is aware or unaware of the anti-assignment clause, thereby protecting the safety of transactions involving receivables under the proposed Commercial Code revision. An analysis of overseas legislation shows that there are few examples of legislation that stipulate notification to the debtor as a requirement for perfection of the assignment of receivables against third parties. With France’s revision of its Civil Code, the Japanese Civil Code is almost the only example of such legislation. It is time for Korea to consider a revision that liberates the assignor from the obligation to notify the debtor in order to perfect the assignment against third parties. To alleviate the burden of notifying the debtor of the assignment of receivables, it is necessary to revise the Act on Security over Movable Assets and Receivables to include the assignment of receivables within its scope of application.
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Widło, Jacek. "The Assignment of Secured Receivables in International Private Law. The Law Applicable to Secured Receivables. General Comments." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 13, no. 1 (2020): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tekapr.2020.13.1-35.
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The article presents the rules of determining the law applicable to receivables and their assignment indicating possible links between a claim, its transfer and legal ways of securing a claim. It emphasizes that the law applicable to receivables is determined separately from the law applicable to the assignment of receivables and the legal security of a claim (e.g. a pledge or a surety). In some situations, both laws need to be applied jointly.
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Smolyn, Y. "SOME ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL FACTORING CONTRACT LEGAL NATURE." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 2, no. 127 (2016): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2016.127.2.132-143.
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This article is devoted to the existence of the international factoring contract as a separate civil contract legal structure. Researchers approaches in determining the legal nature of the factoring relations are analyzed. The nature of the services provided by the factor under the contract international factoring contract is described. The specifics of the assignment of receivables under the international factoring contract are also analyzed in the article. The comparative legal analysis of the last one with the civil assignment. of receivables is made. This article is going about the application of the global assignment under the contract of international factoring. The possibility for existence the factoring under which the intermediary services are provided by factor. The correlation of services provided by the factor with the assignment of receivables under the international factoring operations is explored. The possibility for providing the complex of services by the factor under the contract is highlighted. The approach to the possibility of combining the assignment of receivables with the mediation services provided by factor is proposed. Based on the current research the conclusions about the future existence of the international factoring contract as a separate legal institution is made. The author concluded that the existence of international factoring agreement is possible only by funding the client by the factor on the irrevocable basis.
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Deschamps, Michel. "Conflict-of-laws rules on assignments of receivables in the United States and Canada." Uniform Law Review 24, no. 4 (2019): 649–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unz041.
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Abstract This article describes the conflict-of-laws rules of the USA and Canada on the effectiveness against third parties and priority of an assignment of trade receivables. Comparisons are also made with the rules proposed on these issues by the European Commission’s Proposal of 12 March 2018 and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Secured Transactions. The conflict-of-laws rules examined in the article generally designate the location of the assignor as the place whose law applies to the effectiveness against third parties and the priority of an assignment. The article shows however that the definition of the location of the assignor varies from one jurisdiction to another (statutory seat, chief executive office, state of constitution, etc.) Moreover, the US rules and certain Canadian rules define the location of a business corporation using a criterion which is different depending on the corporation’s jurisdiction of incorporation. In addition, the European Commission’s Proposal allows the parties to an assignment made in the course of a securisation transaction to deviate from the assignor’s location rule and select the law governing the receivable as the applicable law. All of these differences result in a lack of harmonization. The article also summarizes the analysis that a financier must conduct to identify the jurisdiction(s) where the financier would normally want that an assignment in its favour be recognized. The relevant jurisdictions are normally the jurisdiction(s) in which insolvency proceedings relating to the assignor may take place and the other jurisdiction(s) where the debtors of the receivables could be located; a dispute might sometimes occur in these other jurisdictions with a competing claimant attempting to claim priority (e.g. a judgement creditor who would seize receivables owed by the debtors located in those jurisdictions). As the insolvency jurisdiction(s) and the other jurisdiction(s) in which the debtors are located may have different conflict-of-laws rules, a prudent financier should examine the applicable rules of all relevant jurisdictions.
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Akseli, Orkun. "Turkish law and UNCITRAL's work on the assignment of receivables with a special reference to the assignment of future receivables." Law and Financial Markets Review 1, no. 1 (2007): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2007.11427861.
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Bazinas, Spyridon V. "The law applicable to third-party effects of assignments of claims: the UN Convention and the EU Commission Proposal compared." Uniform Law Review 24, no. 4 (2019): 609–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unz032.
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Abstract In October 2019, the U.S. ratified the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade (the “Convention”) by the US, thus creating a new impetus for the broad adoption and entry into force of the Convention and with that for the facilitation of international receivables finance. In March 2018, the E.U. Commission issued a Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the law applicable to the third-party effects of assignments of claims (the “Commission Proposal” or “Proposal”). The Commission Proposal includes a first draft of the proposed Regulation (the “draft Regulation”). An alignment of the main rule of the draft Regulation with the equivalent rule in the Convention could result in an internationally uniform conflict-of-laws rule on this matter, which would remove the legal divergences existing among legal systems and reduce the uncertainty as to the law applicable to the third-party effects of assignments of claims. The purpose of this article is to compare the relevant rules of the Convention and the draft Regulation, determine whether this coordinated approach is achieved and, if not, make suggestions as to how it can be achieved to the benefit of all parties involved in international receivables finance.
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Bocheńska, Justyna. "Taxation of Assignment of Receivables with Corporate Income Tax." Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe 19, no. 31 (2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/szn.2016.19.31.15.
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Głowacka, Karolina. "Taxation of Assignment of Receivables with Personal Income Tax." Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe 19, no. 31 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/szn.2016.19.31.7.
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KASACHEVA, Oksana V., and Viktor A. UDOD. "The economic essence of receivables as a financial category: Industrial dimension." Finance and Credit 27, no. 4 (2021): 807–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.27.4.807.
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Subject. This article discusses the formation of receivables that depends on the influence of numerous and at the same time heterogeneous factors. Objectives. The article aims to develop methodological provisions for the content of receivables, its key elements, in order to establish an adequate management mechanism to maintain capacity to pay and maximize profits. Methods. For the study, we used the systems approach, analysis and synthesis, and generalization. Results. On the basis of generalization and systematization of published works on the subject matter, we have identified insufficient accounting of the impact of receivables at the macro level and show a new direction of the topic in terms of the functional assignment of receivables in the structure of working capital at the micro level. Conclusions. Receivables are a kind of credit exposure of an economic entity. This risk has certain criteria such as volume and duration combined with time, quantitative and qualitative characteristics.
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Verhagen, H. L. E. "An Optimal Conflict Rule for Assignment." European Review of Private Law 28, Issue 1 (2020): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2020003.
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In this contribution the proposal by the European Commission for a set of conflict rules for the third-party effects of cross-border assignments is critically reviewed, with special reference to securitizations and similar receivables-based transactions. The conclusion is that the current version of this proposal is too rigid to provide the optimal solution for the future European capital market. Such optimal solution can only be reached when party autonomy is allowed to prevail.
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Ryu, Chang-Won. "A Study on Successive Assignment of Receivables in International Trade." Korea Trade Review 49, no. 1 (2024): 75–97. https://doi.org/10.22659/ktra.2024.49.1.75.
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McKinnon, Malcolm. "UNCITRAL Receivables Convention: The Possibility for Trans-Tasman Harmonisation." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 34, no. 3 (2003): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v34i3.5770.
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This paper examines the UNCITRAL Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade as it affects New Zealand. The focus of the paper is on the potential effect of the Convention on New Zealand's relationship with Australia. The law in the two countries is very different especially since the passing of New Zealand's Personal Property Securities Act 1999, which is, the author concludes, highly compatible with the UNCITRAL Receivables Convention. The paper considers two sample transactions to illustrate the effects of the Convention in a trans-Tasman context. It concludes that where the Convention (if it enters into force in New Zealand and Australia) applies, there are relatively few complications. Where it does not apply, however, parties to trans-Tasman receivables transactions face complicated applicable law arguments and general uncertainty.
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ZUBAREV, I. S. "METHODOLOGICAL TOOLKIT FOR ANALYSIS OF ACCOUNTS IN THE ENTERPRISE." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 12 (2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.12.02.002.
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Avoiding overdue accounts receivable is one of the main goals of management. According to statistical reports, many Russian enterprises don't fully work with debtors, and the level of overdue debt increases, which leads the organization to the need to borrow working capital for normal functioning and continuation of activities. The article presents methods of managing receivables that are used in world practice, such as the development of a competent credit policy, ranking debtors by group, the use of a system of penalties and discounts for contractors, the use of netting, the use of factoring, assignment, insurance against non-payment of debt, etc. In the process of writing the article, the economic essence of accounts receivable is considered, actual management methods are defined, positive and negative aspects of applying certain methods of accounts receivable management are considered. The analysis of existing practices revealed the absence of a universal method that is applied regardless of the specific debtor. Methods of managing accounts receivable should be used rationally in combination, as a complete system of working with debtors. A comprehensive approach to this problem will allow to use appropriate management tools for individual debtors, which will ensure financial stability for enterprises.
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Galehr, Stella, and Tessa Grosz. "Discussion report: receivables and securities in private international law." Uniform Law Review 24, no. 4 (2019): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unz033.
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Abstract Under the title Receivables and Securities in Private International Law, the conference, hosted by the Interdisciplinary Association of Comparative and Private International Law, was made topical by a proposal from the European Commission to regulate the applicable law on the third-party effects of assignment of claims (COM (2018) 96). The conference divided its focus into two panels: the first dealing with COM (2018) 96 from different perspectives, and the second discussing the law applicable to proprietary effects of transactions in securities.
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Nishitani, Yuko. "Cross-border assignment of receivables: conflict of laws in secured transactions." Uniform Law Review 22, no. 4 (2017): 826–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unx052.
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Barszczewska, Karolina. "Taxation of Assignment of Receivables with Tax on Civil Law Transactions." Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe 19, no. 31 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/szn.2016.19.31.21.
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Karykowska, Anna. "Taxation of Assignment of Receivables with Tax on Goods and Services." Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe 19, no. 31 (2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/szn.2016.19.31.29.
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LOKHMATOV, Oleksandr, and Viktor KALAKURA. "REGULATORY AND JUDICIAL ASPECTS OF ASSIGNMENT OF THE RIGHT OF CLAIM IN THE LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE AND FOREIGN STATES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. International relations, no. 1 (57) (2023): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2292.2023/1-57/103-110.
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The article is dedicated to the study of the peculiarities of the institution of assignment of the right of claim (cession) in the legislation of Ukraine and foreign states. In addition, the practical aspect of the application of the institution of cession by Ukrainian and foreign courts is an integral part of the study. Key research attention has been paid to the issue of unification of norms on the assignment of the right of claim in international acts, such as the UNIDRUA Convention on International Factoring of 1988, the UN Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade of 2001, etc. The problem of transformation of the construction of the assignment of the right of claim (cession) in the case of the transfer of pledged subjective civil rights by a court decision is considered. The importance of establishing a separate legal regulation in the provisions of civil legislation for "financing subject to the assignment of the right of monetary claim" contracts is singled out.
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Reginaldo, Sigar, Tampi Dolina, and Tamengkel Lucky. "Pengendalian Intern Piutang Usaha Pada PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero), Tbk Cabang Manado." Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis 7, no. 1 (2018): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1473434.
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The Bank is a financial institution that functions to collect funds from the public in the form of deposits and then redistributes them in the form of credit. In carrying out internal control of trade receivables, what must be the center of attention is how safeguards that will be efficient and effective are carried out on trade receivables, both in terms of security that will be efficiently and effectively carried out on trade receivables, both in terms of security of physical cash gains, separation assignment, until the availability of accurate accounting records data. Internal control is all organizational plans, methods, and measurements chosen by business activities to secure their assets, check accuracy and reliability of business accounting data, improve operational efficiency, and support compliance with policies Managerial that has been determined. This study aims to determine the benefits of internal trade receivables control at PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk Manado Branch. The object of this study is PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk Manado Branch located in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study uses qualitative descriptive analysis method, namely by collecting data directly from the company by observing, interviewing according to the research subject. The results of the research show that from the elements of internal control according to the COSO framework, it has been running well. Internal control of trade receivables at PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk Manado Branch has run well, competent employees, and a small amount of uncollectible accounts.
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Bazinas, S. V. "UNCITRALs Contribution to the Unification of Receivables Financing Law : the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade." Uniform Law Review - Revue de droit uniforme 7, no. 1 (2002): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/7.1.49.
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RYU, Chang-Won. "A Study on the Partial Assignment and Rights Assigned without Individual Specification against Assignment of Receivables in International Trade." INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW 92 (December 31, 2021): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35980/krical.2021.12.92.43.
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Thomas Khrisna Sidharta, Desi Puspitasari,. "PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTING RECEIVABLES IN SERVICE COMPANIES FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION IN PANGKALAN BUN." Journal of Applied Accounting and Finance Science 6, no. 1 (2024): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.62045/acfis.v6i1.379.
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Receivables are mandatory bill paid by the buyer . The bill is rights that can be claimed by the company from there is a transaction credit. Document supporting supporting data as evidence of its existence activity in a way real. Due date is the predetermined time limit for payment and receipt. For the applicable time period according to the work agreement. With a maturity of 30 days to 60 days. The aim of this final assignment is to describe the process of collecting receivaables at fertilizer distributor companies to Kalimantan. A work agreement incident exists agreement from second parties to implement something activity. By means of a transport transporter service fertilizer PT. Hadiani Trans Abadi. This final project uses descriptive methods with primary data, interviews and documentation.
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Bazinas, Spiros V. "The United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade: insolvency aspects." International Insolvency Review 13, no. 3 (2004): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iir.119.
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Mustofa, Moch Miftakhul. "Aspect Analysis Of The Transfer Of Name Receivables (Cassie) Due To Tort." Jurnal Justiciabelen 6, no. 2 (2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/justiciabelen.v6i2.6994.
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The practice of transferring receivables through the CASSIE (Certificate of Assignment for Debt Security) mechanism has become an important part of cash flow management and risk management in the business world. However, the potential risks arising from default, namely the debtor's inability to fulfill obligations under the agreement, also pose a serious challenge. In dealing with this risk of default, a normative approach based on legal, norm and regulatory aspects is the key to understanding the CASSIE legal framework and formulating effective mitigation strategies. From a creditor's point of view, transferring receivables aims to obtain liquidity more quickly, but the risk of default on the part of the debtor is a potential problem. The strategy of diversifying the transferred receivables portfolio and implementing credit insurance are relevant alternatives to overcome this risk. On the debtor's side, the transfer of receivables can have a negative impact when payment failure occurs. Therefore, debt restructuring steps, negotiations with creditors and efforts to restore financial conditions are very important. The impact that will occur due to default in the CASSIE context also deserves attention, considering that the impact can spread to various stakeholders in the business ecosystem. In the era of globalization, analysis must also consider aspects of international law and the potential impact of defaults that cross national borders. The breach of contract which was the main trigger for the transfer of debtors by CASSIE resulted in the transfer of the right to collect debts from debtors who failed to pay to the injured party and institutions, policy makers and researchers in the fields of law and finance to overcome risks with a sustainable approac.
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Markell, Bruce A., and Richard F. Broude. "The priority provisions of the UNCITRAL convention on the assignment of receivables in International Trade." International Insolvency Review 11, no. 2 (2002): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iir.100.
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Kadek Ayu Kreistya Dewi. "SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PENDAPATAN PADA KOPERASI SEDANA MERTA JATI DI DESA DARMASABA." Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi Akuntansi (JENSI) 6, no. 1 (2022): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jensi.v6i1.4748.
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Accounting information system is a series of procedures in collecting various data, processing the data into information and distributing it to interested parties. With the accounting information system, it is hoped that it can provide a network of procedures that are arranged in an integrated manner in carrying out smooth company activities. The cash income cycle describes the activities of a company in selling goods and services to customers starting from receiving orders, sending goods/services, billing, receiving payments to depositing cash and recording it. Sedana Merta Jati Cooperative is one of the business entities engaged in credit or savings and loans owned and managed by its members located in Banjar Bersih, Darmasaba Village, Abiansemal District, Badung. The Sedana Merta Jati Cooperative has used accounting information systems in its operational processes to achieve effective and efficient performance. The cash income of the Sedana Merta Jati Cooperative comes from cash receipts from receivables and deposits. Based on the results that have been observed, it can be concluded that the Cash Revenue Cycle from Receivables and Deposits is obtained by implementing the procedures for notification of receivables, billing procedures, procedures for cash receipts, and procedures for recording cash receipts. The income cycle accounting information system at the Sedana Merta Jati Cooperative has been carried out effectively in accordance with the assignment functions, namely administrative and general functions, collection functions (collectors/accompaniments), financial functions/cashier functions and computerization functions.
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Walsh, Catherine. "The law applicable to the third-party effects of an assignment of receivables: whither the EU?" Uniform Law Review 22, no. 4 (2017): 781–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unx050.
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Puhachenko, Olha, and Tatiana Fomina. "Documentary Support of Internal Control of Transactions with Current Assets." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 4(37) (September 28, 2020): 236–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2020.4(37).236-250.
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Documentary support of internal control of transactions with current assets has been considered in the article. The objective of the article is to summarize documentation of internal control of transactions with current assets and to present the forms of work papers of an internal controller for the object in order to improve organization and methods of internal control. This study of internal control documentation of current assets was conducted using methods of analysis, generalization, grouping and comparison. The method of graphical representation was applied in the development of certain forms of work papers. It is established that at present there is no legislative regulation of the procedure for documenting internal control, which, on the one hand, complicates the activities of internal controllers, and on the other hand, it gives some autonomy in the selection and application of specific documents. Documenting internal control of transactions with current assets through the use of organizational and preparatory, working and final reporting documentation will enable achieving the objectives in the most efficient, effective and economical way for the entity. Twenty forms of work papers of the internal controller on transactions with current assets have been developed, namely on verification of: composition and structure of current assets; checking the composition and share of individual stocks in current assets; correctness of the assignment of certain types of stocks to the relevant accounts; correctness of the formation of initial cost of certain types of stocks; correctness of the value of inventories in line 1100 "Inventories" of the Balance Sheet (Statement of financial situation) of an enterprise; composition and structure of current biological assets; correct entry of animal crop; composition and share of receivables in current assets; correctness of the formation of data on receivables and analysis of its structure; terms and ways of occurrence of receivables; comparison of the amount of receivables with the data of the counterparty; grouping of receivables by maturity; assessment of the state of contractual discipline and methods of influencing debtors; correctness of registration of transactions with accountable persons; completeness and timeliness of reporting of accountable persons (separately for each accountable person); the order of accounting for current financial investments; composition and structure of money and their equivalents; procedure for accounting for future expenses; composition and structure of other current assets; availability and procedure for the formation of amounts under additional items of current assets of the Balance Sheet (Statement of financial situation) and a letter of request sent to the counterparty to confirm the reality of receivables. The presented work papers are part of the methodological support of internal control of certain current assets. Their practical use in the activities of internal controllers will allow obtaining, investigating, summarizing, grouping and visualizing information about the actual state of the object under study. Prospects for further research are seen in the deepening of the scientific component of documentation of internal control, development of document classification for the subjects of control powers and presentation of forms of work papers for various objects.
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Moritsu, Toshiyuki, and Norihisa Komoda. "An Optimization Method for Redemption and Due Date Matching in Assignment of Electronic Receivables by Using Integer Linear Programming." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 128, no. 4 (2008): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.128.569.
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Gárdos, Péter. "Change of Parties in the New Hungarian Civil Code from a Comparative Perspective." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 32, no. 5 (2023): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2023.32.5.117-142.
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The Hungarian Civil Code introduced changes regarding the change of parties. The paper argues that comparative law helped the Hungarian legislator to introduce new rules that address relevant market needs. The author shows how the clarification of the system of the transfer of receivables opened up new opportunities for the parties and how the treatment of non-assignment clauses changed in light of legislative changes in several European countries. It is argued that the new Hungarian Civil Code found the right balance between the interests of the debtor and the assignor. The second part of the article explains that the New Civil Code introduced a significant change through the rule on free transferability of rights. The third part presents how the New Civil Code introduced rules on the transfer of contracts, following the solutions of several European countries and international unification instruments, and explains the challenges posed by these rules.
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Choi, Joon Kyu. "The effect of the security assignment of future receivables in US Bankruptcy Code: de lege lata of §552(b) and its implications." Korean Association of Civil Law 90 (March 30, 2020): 229–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52554/kjcl.2019.90.229.
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Dąbrowska, Magdalena. "The Taxation of Assignment of Receivables Resulting from Preliminary Agreements with Tax on Goods and Services and Tax on Civil Law Transactions." Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe 19, no. 31 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/szn.2016.19.31.37.
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Salomons, Arthur. "Deformalisation of Assignment Law and the Position of the Debtor in European Property Law." European Review of Private Law 15, Issue 5 (2007): 639–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2007034.
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Abstract: In the last two decades, several European countries have altered the general provisions on assignment or introduced new forms of assignment, in order to facilitate emerging financial instruments that involve the transfer of claims, especially securitisation. This is brought about by deformalisation, i.e. the abolition of formal requirements for the validity of assignment or the introduction of a new form of assignment with fewer formalities. The deformalisation relates inter alia to the requirement of notification of the debtor of the claim. In order to assess whether the interests of the debtor were harmed by this deformalisation, the position of the debtor between assignment and notification is described, analysed and compared for several European countries (France, England and Wales, the Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Italy, Spain, Germany, Switzerland) as well as for the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade of 2001, the third part of the Principles on European Contract Law of 2003 and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts of 2004. It is concluded that the deformalisation movement was not in itself detrimental to the position of the debtor: the only exception is the situation in the handful of legal systems in which payment by the debtor to the assignee does not lead to his discharge when he was not instructed to do so, notwithstanding the fact that he had gained knowledge of the assignment by means other than notification. Résumé: Durant les deux dernières décennies, plusieurs pays européens ont modifié leurs dispositions générales sur la cession ou ont introduit des nouvelles formes de cession de créance afin de faciliter les instruments financiers émergents qui impliquent le transfert de créances et spécialement leur titrisation. Ceci a conduit à une déformalisation, par exemple, par l’abolition des exigences de formes pour la validité des cessions ou l’introduction d’une nouvelle forme de cession avec des formalités réduites. La déformalisation se rapporte entre autres à l’obligation de notification au débiteur de la créance. Afin de déterminer si cette déformalisation nuit aux intérêts du débiteur, sa situation entre cession et notification est décrite, analysée et comparée pour plusieurs pays européen (France, l’Angleterre et le Pays de Galles, les Pays-Bas, Belgique, Norvège, Italie, Espagne, Allemagne, Suisse), de même que pour la Convention des Nations Unies sur la cession de créances dans le commerce international de 2001, la troisième partie les Principes du Droit Européen des Contrats de 2003 et les Principes d’UNIDROIT relatifs aux contrats du commerce international de 2004. L’auteur conclut que le mouvement de déformalisation n’est pas en luimême dommageable quant à la situation du débiteur; la seule exception étant celle d’une poignée de juridictions dans lesquelles le paiement par le débiteur au cessionnaire n’entraíne pas sa décharge quand il n’avait pas reçu l’instruction de le faire ainsi, nonobstant le fait qu’il soit au courant de la cession par d’autres moyens que la notification. Zusammenfassung: In den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten haben zahlreiche europäische Staaten die allgemeinen Bestimmungen im Hinblick auf die Abtretung verändert oder aber eine neue Formen der A
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Huang, Meiling, and Yongkang Yuan. "An Introduction to Factoring Law in China." European Business Law Review 33, Issue 7 (2022): 1141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2022050.
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With the growth of international trade activities, the business volume of factoring in the Chinese market has shown a significant upward trend. Before the promulgation of the Chinese Civil Code in 2020, the factoring contract did not receive due attention, while its legal nature has sparked heated debate due to the complex legal relationships contained in its internal structure. However, the factoring contract is stipulated in the Contract Book as a new nominate contract in the Chinese Civil Code, which is a distinctly important milestone. The relevant provisions of the factoring contract are contained in Articles 761 to 769 of the Code, which have outlined a preliminary regulatory framework for factoring activities. However, controversies still exist in the legal interpretation and judicial practices related to factoring. This paper introduces the legislation and the related judicial practices of factoring with a detailed interpretation of the relevant articles in the Chinese Civil Code, which one could consider a remarkable example of the fusion of the Civil law and Common law systems Factoring contract, Chinese Civil Code, nominate contract, assignment of creditor’s claims, secured transaction, fabricated receivables, notification requirements, recourse factoring, non-recourse factoring, priorities of factoring
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Bermejo, Nuria. "Prenda de créditos futuros y contratos pendientes de ejecución en el concurso." Indret, no. 3 (July 5, 2018): 1–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10602538.
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<em>La resistencia concursal de la prenda de créditos futuros simples en el concurso ya no parece plantear grandes dificultades. Sin embargo, la aplicación del régimen de los contratos pendientes de ejecución en el concurso a aquellos negocios de los que han de nacer los derechos de crédito cedidos en garantía suscita todavía dudas. Admitir que estos contratos se pueden resolver en interés del concurso es tanto como aceptar que el deudor insolvente tiene en su mano la posibilidad de extinguir la garantía que concedió al financiador. A priori, esta posibilidad genera rechazo pues desconocería lo contratado por las partes antes de la insolvencia. Sin embargo, como se verá en este trabajo, permitir la resolución del contrato en interés del concurso favorece la eficiencia ex post sin afectar significativamente a la eficiencia ex ante y, con ello, a los incentivos para conceder financiación. En efecto, esta solución permite rechazar el cumplimiento de aquellos contratos que han dejado de tener interés para el concurso por tener un valor negativo y, por lo tanto, contribuye a maximizar el valor del patrimonio insolvente. Pero, además, es congruente con la mayor volatilidad de los créditos futuros que constituyen el objeto de la garantía y, por lo tanto, con la mayor incertidumbre que afecta ex ante a ésta. Ahora bien, en tal caso, el acreedor-cesionario de los créditos tendrá derecho a obtener una indemnización que contribuya a minimizar los daños sufridos por la pérdida de la garantía a la que lleva esta solución. </em> <em>There is no more discussion about the effectiveness of the assignment of future receivables in bankruptcy proceedings. However, it is doubtful whether the rules on executory contracts can be applied to the contracts giving rise to future receivables used as collateral. Accepting that these contracts can be rejected in the event of insolvency is tantamount to admitting that the subsistence of the security lies on debtor’s hands. At first sight, this solution may be subject to criticism, because it ignores what the parties contracted before insolvency. Nevertheless, as will be seen, rejecting a contract in the collective interest of creditors promotes ex post efficiency and does not affect negatively ex ante efficiency. Hence, it does not affect the incentives to provide financing. Granting the debtor in possession or the IP the right to reject the contract permits to get rid of contracts which have a negative value in insolvency. Hence, it helps to maximize the value of debtor’s assets in the collective interest of creditors. Moreover, granting the debtor in possession or the IP the possibility to reject the contract is also consistent with the higher volatility of future receivables and, thus, with the higher uncertainty affecting this security. That said, rejection will give the secured creditor the right to claim damages for the loss of the security in insolvency. </em>
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Kim, Hyunjin. "Case Comments: Security over Receivable and Assignment of Receivable." Institute for Legal Studies 34, no. 3 (2017): 435–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18018/hylr.2017.34.3.435.
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Pospolitak, Volodymyr, and Roksolana Khanyk-Pospolitak. "Factoring in Ukraine: Current Problems and New Stage of Development." osteuropa recht 69, no. 2 (2023): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-2-205.
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Ukraine's movement towards the European community, driven by the granting to Ukraine a candidate status for EU membership, among others, sets the task of stabilizing and improving the economic situation in the country, including further development of market relations. This, in its turn, requires a significant speeding of commodity-monetary relations and requires better management of financial resources in the process of fulfillment by subjects their contractual obligations. In such circumstances, factoring as a way to change the creditor in a monetary obligation is of great importance. Factoring represents an effective financial and legal mechanism that provides its users with the significant advantages related to the management of receivables, raising capital by enterprises for the development and operation of their business in the long-term perspective. This article is devoted to the analysis of legal regulation of factoring in Ukraine, problems of harmonisation of legal regulation of factoring with international and foreign experience, legal positions of courts on the legal nature of factoring in Ukraine. The authors point out that currently there exists an issue of insufficient regulation of factoring in Ukraine, unequal approach to the regulation of factoring for banking and non-banking financial institutions (factoring companies). It is also noted that Ukrainian legislation does not contain definition of term "factoring" as a type of activity. Instead, in the literature and in practice, the term "factoring" is defined through a factoring agreement under the Civil Code of Ukraine. According to the definition and features of a factoring agreement, the main feature of factoring is "assignment of the right of monetary claim", which in practice often leads to the identification with assignment (cession). Taking into account mentioned problems, the article analyses the trends in the development and reform of factoring in Ukraine in the near future. In particular, the authors analyse the Concept of Reforming Factoring Regulation in Ukraine, which was presented by the National Bank of Ukraine (the Regulator for the Factoring Market), as well as the main approaches to the development of legislation. The main conclusion emphasises that the concept of factoring should be brought in line with international law, and factoring as a type of activity needs to be reformed as soon as possible. The best way to reform factoring legislation would be to adopt a separate law that would comprehensively regulate all aspects of factoring.
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Skorek, Piotr. "Securing the loan agreement of an entity conducting private medical activity in Poland by means of an assignment of receivables from a contract with the Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia (National Health Fund)." Aktual’ni problemi pravoznavstva 1, no. 4 (2021): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/app2021.04.079.
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Akseli, N. Orkun. "The Interpretation Philosophy of Secured Transaction Law Conventions." European Review of Private Law 21, Issue 5/6 (2013): 1299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2013078.
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Abstract: Uniform secured transaction law conventions are critical instruments in efforts to reduce the cost of credit and increase cross-border investment and trade. They present neutral sets of rules. Their provisions need to be construed autonomously, considering their neutral and international character and the need to establish predictability, transactional certainty, and good faith. This article examines the interpretation philosophy of three significant uniform secured transaction law conventions, namely the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade, UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring, and UNIDROIT Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment. Résumé: Les conventions relatives à la législation uniforme sur les operations garanties sont des instruments indispensables pour réduire le coût du crédit, et pour accroître l'investissement et le commerce transfrontalier. Les conventions édictent des règles neutres. Leurs dispositions doivent être interprétées de façon autonome, à la lumière de leur caractère neutre et international et afin d'assurer une prévisibilité, une certitude transactionnelle ainsi que la bonne foi. Cet article examine la philosophie d'interprétation de trois conventions: la Convention des Nations Unies sur la Cession de Créances dans le Commerce International, la Convention d'Unidroit sur l'Affacturage International, et la Convention d'Unidroit relative aux Garanties Internationales Portant sur des Matériels d'Equipement Mobiles. Zusammenfassung: Die Konventionen zum Recht der Kreditsicherheiten spielen eine gewichtige Rolle für die Reduzierung von Kreditkosten und die Erleichterung von grenzüberschreitenden Investitionen und Handel. Sie stellen dabei neutrale Rechtsregeln dar. Die entsprechenden Vorschriften müssen demzufolge unter Berücksichtigung ihres neutralen und internationalen Charakters, sowie dem Grundsatz der Vorhersehbarkeit autonom ausgelegt werden. Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht die Auslegungsphilosophie von drei bedeutenden Konventionen zum Recht der Kreditsicherheiten, nämlich der UN Konvention über das Recht der Forderungsabtretung im internationalen Handel, der UNIDROIT Konvention über das internationale Factoring und der UNIDROIT Konvention über internationale Sicherungsrechte an beweglicher Ausrüstung.
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Ramachandran, Gopalan, Srinivas Gumparthi, and Tariq Aziz. "Critical success factors in asset securitisation in banks in India." Brazilian Journal of Development 9, no. 12 (2023): 31172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n12-041.
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Asset securitization is the structured business process whereby Banks’ loan assets and other receivables are packaged and sold in the form of ‘asset-backed securities’(ABS), thereby loan originators transfer some of their loan-risks to third parties. Asset securitization considers a pool of performing/non-performing retail loan assets and through financial engineering models, transforms them to tradable security by involving a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) that issues Negotiable Instruments (like Bonds/Promissory Notes/CPs) called Pass Through Certificates (PTCs) to Investors. In Indian context, most asset securitisation deals are done on Direct Assignment (DA) basis through retail loans-asset pool transfer to pool-buyer Bank with no SPV in between and hence no tradable security. This Research study analysed ‘Critical Success Factors (CSFs)’ in Indian model of asset securitisation (Li Liu, 2021) and in the process also analysed its associated business-processes, systematic-risks, Issues & challenges. This study sourced its primary data from hands-on deal-practitioners and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) associated with deal-participating entities and through qualitative data analysis technique of Narrative analysis and Applied Conversation analysis, the research-findings are concluded. The CSFs include - key business benefits including achieving lending targets & compliance norms, supporting IT systems, immediate liquidity support (Chilukani Munender Reddy, 2018). Towards future prospects and challenges (Lakshman Alles, 2021), this study suggests for setting up ‘Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Assets Securitisation’ in each bank, for ‘building product-expertise and evolve appropriate asset-pricing-models for deals and PTC securities’. The study also suggests for an ‘Enabling IT systems’ that support automated deal-processes, risk-monitoring and compliance tracking’. These two aspects would facilitate for better deal-transparency and for making informed decisions by deal stake-holders.
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Sewu, Pan Lindawaty Suherman, Rahel Octora, and Oey Jaya Melizabeth Veronica. "Legal Protection for Assignee over Repeated Cession Based on Indonesia Legal System." Journal of Politics and Law 12, no. 4 (2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v12n4p38.
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Humans require fundings in fulfilling their needs in life, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary necessities. Funds are used for some purposes such as venture development, working capital, investment, etc. In accordance to the function of bank which is to gather and distribute fundings to the society, banks may distribute such fundings in the form of loan. The granting of loan from banks as creditors is written in a loan agreement document. In fact, there will always be risk of non performing loan, which lead to the process of Cession, to shift the creditor&rsquo;s right to claim debt payment, from Bank (as Assignor) to a new creditor (as Assignee). Repeated process in assigning right to claim receivables may cause loss to the Assignee, and the right of the Asignee has to be protected by the law. The method used in this study is the juridical normative method on a descriptive analytical nature. The study also uses statue approach and conceptual approach. The aims of this research is to have further review and analysis, about how Indonesian legal system regulates the settlement of credit, related with cession / assignment, which has been done more than once. The conclusion that can be drawn is: Cession is a legal action which causes a main legal consequences, that is shifted right to claim payment of debt, from first creditor to the new creditor. Debtor still have obligation to pay the debt, but now to the new creditor. In fact, cession is done because the first creditor consider several conditions in the debtor, that makes the debt potentially unpaid. The new creditor has to consider and understand the risks before signing cession agreement. Repeated cession has no clear regulation in Indonesia, but it&rsquo;s commonly done by bankers and credit practicioners. This research sugests: government should issue regulation regarding the implementation of repeated cession, in order to protect the rights of the last Assignee. For bankers and credit practicioners, repeated cession should not be considered as recommended way to solve non-performing loans.
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ЗАХАРОВ, С. В., П. М. НЕПОКРЫТЫХ, and С. ЧЖУНКАЙ. "ANALYSIS OF METHODS OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE MANAGEMENT." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 3(152) (June 12, 2023): 1349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.152.3.270.
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В статье рассматриваются методы управления дебиторской задолженностью, такие, как форфейтинг, цессия, страхование, факторинг, учёт покупательских векселей и секьюритизация. Проводится анализ преимуществ и недостатков этих методов. Также проведена оценка целесообразности применения этих методов в тех или иных случаях. Предложен алгоритм управления дебиторской задолженностью, позволяющий оптимально оценивать и использовать конкретные способы в различных случаях. The article discusses methods of managing accounts receivable, such as forfeiting, assignment, insurance, factoring, accounting for consumer bills and securitization. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed. The feasibility of using these methods in various cases has also been assessed. An algorithm for managing accounts receivable is proposed that allows optimal evaluation and use of specific methods in various cases.
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Wahyudi, Tri, Kurniasih Dwi Astuti, and Intan Putri Kinasih. "Accounts Receivable Information System at PT. Latinusa, Tbk." Journal of Applied Business, Taxation and Economics Research 1, no. 4 (2022): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54408/jabter.v1i4.82.
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The purpose of this research is to determine the suitability of accounts receivable accounting information at PT. Latinusa Tbk. The method used in writing this final assignment is descriptive method. This writing uses primary data and secondary data obtained from PT. Latinusa Tbk. Data sources come from field studies and literature. How to collect data through observation, interviews and documentation collected from PT. Latinusa Tbk. Based on the results of industry internships obtained in the field, account receivable accounting information system at PT. Latinusa Tbk, is in accordance with the theory.
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洪, 佳慧. "Research on the Application of Law in the Assignment of Accounts Receivable in International Factoring." Open Journal of Legal Science 11, no. 06 (2023): 5990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojls.2023.116858.
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Шапко, Захар Константинович, Надежда Валентиновна Галиева та Жарылкасым Какитаевич Галиев. "УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ДЕБИТОРСКОЙ ЗАДОЛЖЕННОСТЬЮ УГЛЕДОБЫВАЮЩИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЫНОЧНЫХ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 35, № 1 (2025): 94–100. https://doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2025-35-1-94-100.
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В статье рассмотрено содержание оборотных активов, а также часть оборотных активов в виде оборотных средств. Уделено внимание составу оборотных средств, в частности, дебиторской задолженности на угледобывающих предприятиях. Дебиторская задолженность, являясь составной частью активов предприятия, должна способствовать эффективному функционированию предприятия и требует своевременного изучения состояния данного вида актива и применения наиболее целесообразных как для поставщиков продукции, так и для потребителей продукции способов взаиморасчетов. Особенность дебиторской задолженности на угледобывающих предприятиях связана с функционированием отрасли в условиях несовершенной конкуренции, в частности, в условиях олигополии. Предложен методический подход к формированию экономически целесообразного соотношения дебиторской задолженности и денежных средств в составе оборотных средств, исходя из рекомендуемых значений коэффициентов текущей ликвидности, абсолютной ликвидности и коэффициента промежуточного покрытия. Рассмотренный методический подход объединяет различные методы финансового регулирования взаимоотношений поставщика продукции и потребителя (покупателя), а также позволяет увеличить полноту информации на конкретном секторе рынка. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при принятии экономически целесообразных решений как поставщиками продукции, так и потребителями данной продукции в области повышения эффективности предпринимательства на основе взаимодополняющего набора методов управления дебиторской задолженностью для дальнейшего эффективного развития. The article considers the content of current assets, as well as the part of current assets in the form of working capital. Attention is paid to the composition of working capital, in particular accounts receivable at coal mining enterprises. The peculiarity of accounts receivable at coal mining enterprises is related to the functioning of the industry in conditions of imperfect competition, in particular in conditions of oligopoly. A methodological approach to the formation of an economically feasible ratio of accounts receivable and cash in working capital is proposed based on the recommended values of current liquidity coefficients, absolute liquidity and intermediate coverage coefficient. The methods of managing accounts receivable using letters of credit, a financing agreement for the assignment of a monetary claim (factoring agreement), conditions for postponing timely payment for delivered products, which is equivalent to the sale of products on credit, are considered. The considered methodological approach combines various financial regulations of the relationship between the supplier of products and the consumer (buyer), and also allows increasing the completeness of information on a specific market sector. The results of the study can be used in making economically feasible decisions by both suppliers of products and consumers of these products in the field of improving the efficiency of entrepreneurship based on a complementary set of methods for managing accounts receivable for further effective development.
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Dian Oktaviani and Ludwina Harahap. "ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL TERHADAP PIUTANG LEASE: STUDI KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN PEMBIAYAAN PT. FIF." RELEVAN : Jurnal Riset Akuntansi 3, no. 1 (2022): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/relevan.v3i1.4200.
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Abstract
 The implementation of internal control system might help the company to achieve its goals effectively, efficiently and compliance. Effective internal controls might also give assurance to shareholders, and stakeholders' that financial statements provide the propriate quality information. Internal control systems might also help detect and prevent the emergence of fraud, especially those committed by company insiders. As a leasing company in Indonesia, PT. FIF has certainly executed an internal control system that help making the company's activities effectively, and efficiently. Account receivables are one of company assets that must be managed and monitored effectively so as to help the company achieving the goal; those are profits and cash flow streams. However, some companies have not realized the importance of internal control. It occurs in PT. FIF, a leasing company in Jakarta. 
 Using the COSO internal control framework, the research with qualitative descriptive methods aims to analyze the implementation The data and information were taken from interviews, observations and documentation. The results show that generally the company has been implemented all five elements of internal control based on the COSO framework. The control environment, risk assessment has been effective with establishing Structure, Responsibility, and Authority, commitment to competence, Standard Operational and Procedure (SOP), etc, especially in the collection division. While, controlling activity has not been done effectively. There is no separation of task clearly, and file or data documentation. Double job or assignments might provide opportunities for errors, fraud, whether it is intentional or not. The other element is information and communication is already done, both top down and bottom up communication channel. While, the last component is that monitoring activities have not been practice well. Management's role in the internal control system is critical to its effectiveness. Managers, auditors, don't have to look at every single piece of information to determine that the controls are functioning and should focus their monitoring activities in high-risk areas. Spot-checking transactions can provide a reasonable level of confidence that the controls are functioning as intended.
 Keywords: Internal Control, Accounts Receivable, lease, COSO framework
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Aguzarova, L. A., and A. A. Kaysinov. "Analysis of the possible and actual use of factoring in the public procurement system." Vestnik of North Ossetian State University, no. 1 (March 25, 2025): 161–70. https://doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2025-1-161-170.
Full textAbstract:
The assignment of monetary claims in Russia is developing rapidly, as it allows business entities to transform accounts receivable into monetary assets. Along with this, there is a high activity of business entities in the public procurement sector. There is no consensus or understanding among experts in public procurement and public finance on the possibility of using assignment of monetary claims in the contract system, since public procurement carried out by government agencies and budget organizations within the framework of the law on the contract system is not regulated exclusively by the Civil Code, as factoring, but by a multitude of regulatory legal acts, including: Budget the Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law on the Contract System in the Field of Procurement of Goods, Works, and Services for State and Municipal Needs, the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, and others. In addition, the Budget Code does not provide for the procedure for authorizing payments under a government contract to a non-contractor. However, the above-mentioned regulatory documents do not prohibit the assignment of monetary claims from the supplier of a government contract to another person. In practice, when trying to apply factoring in the contract system, despite the refusal of the financial control authorities to make such a payment, despite the decisions of the courts on the impossibility of such an assignment, the Supreme Court decided that there were no obstacles to the application of factoring under this contract. After that, there were more questions about the possibility of using factoring in the contract system, as certain changes were made to the legislation. However, public procurement is not limited solely to the contract system. Therefore, this article analyzes the use of factoring in the contract system and the public procurement system by certain types of legal entities.