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Journal articles on the topic 'Association of United Trades'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kashyap, Usha, and Neha Bothra. "Sino-US Trade and Trade War." Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.879180.

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Trade has been one of the most primary reasons behind economic association. Cross-border trade not only makes the markets cost-efficient but rather also brings up a higher degree of specialization to the respective nations. Bilateral trades have proven to be quintessential to both sides of the deal. However, on a parallel front, every economy has a self-interest toward the domestic produce, and they also try to defend their local manufacturers from cross-border competition. The United States has an “America-first” policy. Whenever the United States imposes tariffs and duties, similar responses

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Bai, Xuechunzi, Varun Gauri, and Susan T. Fiske. "Cosmopolitan morality trades off in-group for the world, separating benefits and protection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 40 (2021): e2100991118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100991118.

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Global cooperation rests on popular endorsement of cosmopolitan values—putting all humanity equal to or ahead of conationals. Despite being comparative judgments that may trade off, even sacrifice, the in-group’s interests for the rest of the world, moral cosmopolitanism finds support in large, nationally representative surveys from Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, China, Japan, the United States, Colombia, and Guatemala. A series of studies probe this trading off of the in-group’s interests against the world’s interests. Respondents everywhere distinguish preventing harm to foreign citizen

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Compa, Lance. "Workers' Freedom of Association in the United States under International Human Rights Standards." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 17, Issue 3 (2001): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/360554.

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International Labour Rights can be found among the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other United Nations instruments which set the standards for Human Rights at work and in general. It is stated that all people are entitled to freedom of association and the right to form and join trade unions. The United States fails to meet many of the standards pertaining to the International Trade Organizations Fundamental Principles. In many case studies where it is proven that companies are neglecting to follow the laws about organization there is little done to correct the situation. There remai

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Urban, Wayne Joseph. "NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." História da Educação 20, no. 48 (2016): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-3459/56900.

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This essay profiles the history of the National Education Association of the United States of America. Founded in 1857, the association functioned as a national debating society for a small group of educational leaders for the rest of the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, it experienced a wave of feminist opposition to the male leaders, the influence of progressive education, a surge of local emphasis, the challenge of trade unionism in the form of the American Federation of Teachers - AFT -, its own racial desegregation, and participation in the creation of the United States Depar

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Compa, Lance. "Corporate Hypocrisy. Violations of Trade Union Rights by European Multinational Companies in the United States." Revista Derecho Social y Empresa, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/redsye.6125.

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Many European corporations adopt American management-style attitudes toward trade unions, notwithstanding their publicly-declared support for global norms on workers’ freedom of association. They exploit US labor laws that violate international standards and interfere with trade union formation. Case studies examine several examples of this anti-union hypocrisy on the part of European firms. At the same time, some European companies have chosen to respect workers’ organizing rights in the United States. The conclusion contains recommendations for securing multinational companies’ respect for w

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Cole, Bradford R. ""Voices from the Trading Post": The United Indian Traders Association Legacy Project." Western Historical Quarterly 33, no. 2 (2002): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4144803.

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Aspinwall, Mark, and Gerardo Maldonado. "¡Despierta México! Changing Public Attitudes Toward NAFTA, 2008–2018." Latin American Politics and Society 64, no. 1 (2022): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2021.52.

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ABSTRACTRegional trade agreements have important consequences for developing countries, but the public opinion literature on trade agreements suffers from several shortcomings. Most significant is that studies tend to take a single year as the point of analysis, leaving us uncertain as to how opinion evolves. This study uses polling data to examine Mexicans’ attitudes toward NAFTA over a ten-year period. Results from regression analyses show an association between Mexicans’ support for the United Nations and their support for NAFTA, and a weaker relationship for other types of cues (presidenti

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Залоило, Максим, Maksim Zaloilo, Елена Рафалюк, and Elena Rafalyuk. "Concepts, Types and Forms of Eurasian and Latin-American Integration Associations (Comparative Analysis)." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 1 (2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17241.

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The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the concept, types and forms of Eurasian and Latin-American integration associations. On the authors’ mind the integration association is the group of states united on the basis of an international treaty to achieve the integration goals. It is proposed to distinguish between the integration associations of the coordination and supranational types. According to the identified features of each of the indicated types of integration associations the authors conclude that the Organization of American States is the union of the coordination type

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Aldrich, Howard E. "Trade Associations Matter as Units of Selection, as Actors Within Comparative and Historical Institutional Frameworks, and as Potential Impediments to Societal Wide Collective Action." Journal of Management Inquiry 27, no. 1 (2017): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056492616688857.

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The papers in this special section highlight three important questions in organization and management theory. First, evolutionary theorists studying organizations have an opportunity to address issues of organizations as units of selection. Trade associations focus their members’ attention on collective interests, creating shared understandings about issues and a collective identity that unifies an association and justifies calls for action by the association on the members’ behalf. Second, for scholars using historical and comparative frameworks, the study of trade associations presents an op

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Kaye, Geraldine. "Topical Pension Problems (A Personal Overview)." Journal of the Staple Inn Actuarial Society 28 (March 1985): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020269x00009762.

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Much discussion is taking place currently in the United Kingdom on the subject of pensions. Conferences and symposia have been conducted at various times on many aspects of pensions by such diverse bodies as the Policy Studies Institute (1), the Institute of Fiscal Studies (2), the Trades Union Congress (3), the Pensions Management Institute, the Confederation of British Industry, the National Association of Pension Funds and even our own Institute (4) (in the case of our Institute, on the whole field). The Government announced an all-embracing enquiry on 16 December 1983. This has been divide

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Robinson, Richard D. "Canada should opt out of the free trade association with the United States." International Executive 34, no. 5 (1992): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060340501.

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Felstead, William Brent, and Kenneth Cromer. "Examining Organizational Trust and Psychological Contracts Between Trade Associations and Their Members." International Journal of Applied Research in Business and Management 4, no. 1 (2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51137/ijarbm.2023.4.1.1.

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Management guru Peter Drucker describes trust as an essential commodity of all businesses within all levels of business operations and relationships. Trust must be mutual and reciprocal between shareholder and managers, employees and employers, sellers and buyers, and government and business. The topic of trust has been studied for years within the fore mentioned relationships, and although unknown until recently, has now been examined between trade associations and their respected members. Psychological Contracts, Organizational trust and an availability of alternatives have been determined t

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Butar, Bayu Butar, and Ahmad Sudiro. "THE LEGAL PROTECTION FOR VICTIMS OF CRIMINAL ACTS IN BINOMO TRADING FRAUD." POLICY LAW NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES (POLRI) 3, no. 1 (2024): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.55047/polri.v3i1.1047.

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The objective of this study is to analyze the recovery of assets and the protection of victims in cases of Binomo trading fraud under Indonesian criminal law. The research methodology employed is normative legal research, utilizing a literature-based approach. The findings of this study reveal that the decision made by the Panel of Judges in case number 1240: Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Tng was deemed unjust for the victims, leading to an appeal hearing resulting in decision number 117/Pid.Sus/2022/PT.BTN. According to this court decision, the confiscated evidence in the Indra Kenz case was to be returned

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Nasution, Faizal Amir P., Henriko Tobing, Nur Farizal, Syahdan Abdul Haris Siregar, and Muhyiddin Muhyiddin. "Study on the Implementation of ILO Convention No. 98 in Indonesia and Its Comparison with Developed and Developing Countries." Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan 19, no. 1 (2024): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47198/jnaker.v19i1.350.

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Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation has been reported by ITUC, KSPI, and KSBSI for violating ILO Convention No. 98. The Indonesian government is considered not involving Trade Unions/Labor Unions in terms of collective bargaining when drafting the Job Creation Law and the substance of the Job Creation Law which is considered to limit the role of Trade Unions/Labor Unions. The United States Government, the United States Labor Association, the Belgium Labor Association, Netherlands Labor Association, Republic of Korean Labor Association, and the Brazil Labor Association provide different views fr

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Verhun, Volodymyr, Olena Pryiatelchuk, and Olena Zayats. "Competitive features of country associations based on the Global Competitiveness Index: the case of the United States – Mexico – Canada Agreement." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 4 (2020): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(4).2020.16.

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Modern architecture of the world economy is determined not only by the indicators of development of individual national economies and not only by their individual efforts, but also by coordinated efforts of several countries, such as trade agreements. One of such agreements that should lead to freer market relations, fairer trade and sustainable economic growth in the region, better resolution of international disputes, environmental protection, intellectual property protection, etc., is the United States – Mexico – Canada Agreement (USMCA). The aim of this paper is an attempt to analyze the l

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Miedviedkova, N., and I. Us. "THE INFLUENCE OF BREXIT ON THE FATE OF THE PROJECT «UNITED EUROPE»." Innovative Solution in Modern Science 6, no. 33 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/2414-634x.6(33)2019.2.

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The key aspects of political plans, conditions, key events and changes for Brexit are considered. The way in which the Brexit referendum held in 2016 affected the perception of the UK and the EU by the Britains and citizens of other countries is researched. Own vision of the prospects for Brexit is offered.Keywords: European Union, Brexit, trade, export, import, Association Agreement, referendum.

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Kowal, Michael S. "Corporate politicking, together: trade association ties, lobbying, and campaign giving." Business and Politics 20, no. 1 (2017): 98–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2017.14.

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AbstractScholars and politicians in recent years have become concerned with rising levels of inequality among Americans, heightened in the aftermath of the 2010 Supreme Court decision inCitizens United v. F.E.C.The suspicion over an ever larger influence of corporate and elite interest over public policy has brought about significant public backlash, even becoming a key platform of reformist candidates such as Sen. Bernie Sanders. In large part, these fears have yet to be realized, as many corporations have chosen to remain on the sidelines in American elections and have not fully taken advant

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Voroncova, Natal'ya, and Alexander Merzlov. "Criteria for selecting the most beautiful villages and towns in Russia and their role in the socio-economic development of rural areas." Russian Journal of Management 12, no. 3 (2024): 213–30. https://doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2024-12-3-213-230.

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The brand "The most beautiful Villages" unites settlements with outstanding rural cultural and natural heritage, whose population strives to use it to improve the quality of life through the development of tourism, agriculture, gastronomy, crafts and trade. This model has proved to be very successful and has gained supporters in many countries with different levels of development and different cultures. The national associations of the most beautiful villages and towns in France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Russia, Lebanon, China and other countries are united in the Federatio

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Frederick, Howard H. "Computer Communications in Cross-Border Coalition-Building North American NGO Networking Against NAFTA." Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 50, no. 2-3 (1992): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001654929205000207.

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This article begins by outlining John Locke's concept of global civil society and how it is embodied in the global non-governmental movements for peace, human rights, social justice, and environmental preservation and sustainability. The article then summarizes the role that new globe-girdling communications technologies are now playing within the NGO movements and describes the emergence of one global computer network known as the Association for Progressive Communications (APC) which links more than 15.000 NGO computers in 95 countries. As one case in this dramatic trend, the paper then exam

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Atanasov, Vladimir, Audra Boone, and David Haushalter. "Is There Shareholder Expropriation in the United States? An Analysis of Publicly Traded Subsidiaries." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 45, no. 1 (2010): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109010000025.

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AbstractThis paper examines the relation between the performance and valuations of publicly traded subsidiaries in the United States and the ownership stake of their parent companies. Cross-sectional and time-series tests demonstrate that subsidiaries of parents that own a substantial minority stake exhibit negative peer-adjusted operating performance and are valued at a 23% median discount relative to peers. In contrast, majority-owned and fully divested subsidiaries show no abnormal performance or valuations. The results of our study indicate that the association between parent ownership and

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Goebel, Roger J. "Legal Practice Rights of Domestic and Foreign Lawyers in the United States©." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49, no. 2 (2000): 413–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300064216.

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In the post-World War II international economy, with its enormous growth in transnational trade and investment, multinational legal practice has become a functional reality.1 Within the last two decades, the volume of trans-border legal practice has grown enormously in fields such as trade law, international banking and finance, international arbitration and litigation, international contractual and joint venture arrangements, transborder acquisitions and mergers, international antitrust, international tax planning, and foreign investment counselling. Domestic law firms within the leading comm

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Duram, Leslie, and Amber Mead. "Exploring linkages between Consumer Food Co-operatives and Domestic Fair Trade in the United States." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 29, no. 2 (2013): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170513000033.

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AbstractConsumer Food Co-operatives (co-ops) have provided consumers an alternative to corporate supermarkets and big-box stores since the 1960s. Producers seeking broader marketing opportunities often turn to co-ops. This study examines how, within alternative food networks (AFNs), co-ops play a role in the emergence of the Domestic Fair Trade (DFT) movement in the USA. The DFT movement is based on the idea that family farms and small- to mid-sized farms in the global north are facing many of the same pressures as producers in the global south. The Domestic Fair Trade Association (DFTA) in th

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Voronova, Tatiana A., and Ekaterina S. Novikova. "ECONOMICS OF ASEAN: INTERNAL PROBLEMS AND AREAS OF COOPERATION." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 9/4, no. 150 (2024): 136–44. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.09.04.016.

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The article examines the economy of ASEAN countries based on statistical data on external and internal trade turnover, investments and investment potential. The advantages and disadvantages of cooperation between the member countries of the association and key external trading partners, including China, the United States and the European Union, are analyzed. The possibilities of strengthening relations between Russia and ASEAN countries are separately shown in terms of diversifying risks for both parties in the context of confrontation between the United States and China. Additionally, the adv

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Karn, Lawrence, and Takahiko Hattori. "Thoughts And Actions In Promoting Equality That Include Considerations From Work With The United Nations Association Of Japan." Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 10, no. 2 (2014): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v10i2.8513.

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This paper explores a number of classical and contemporary thinkers and advances the thesis that the touchstone for social justice may be expressed in two words, trade places, and that this exhortation must be applied internationally. In such cases, its application may sometimes be possible and useful as a practical thought experiment. The trade places notion is a plan of action, which may be termed the responsibility of knowledge.

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Davis, Tracy C. "Actresses and Prostitutes in Victorian London." Theatre Research International 13, no. 3 (1988): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300005794.

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Despite the tendency for Victorian performers to be credited with increasing respectability and middle-class status and for actors to receive the highest official commendations, the popular association between actresses and prostitutes and belief in actresses' inappropriate sexual conduct endured throughout the nineteenth century. In the United States, religious fundamentalism accounts for much of the prejudice, but in Great Britain, where puritanical influences were not as influential on the theatre, other factors helped to preserve the derogatory view of actresses. In certain times and place

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Waterstrat, Janet, Jacquelyn Deeds, and Richard L. Harkess. "Assessment of the Native Plants Market in the Southeastern United States." HortScience 33, no. 4 (1998): 603e—603. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.603e.

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Recent trade journals and magazines report a widespread and increasingly popular trend encouraging the use of native plants in the landscape. A random sample of 528 Southern Nurserymen's Association 1996 members were surveyed to determine 1) if they had perceived the trend reported in trade and consumer publications towards the selection of native plants, and 2) if there are consistencies in demographic characteristics and aspects of advertising plans among the respondents. Forty-two percent of those surveyed responded. Respondents perceived an overall interest in native plants higher in 1996

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Akintola, Abdallah, Houcine Boughanmi, Alessandro Antimiani, Lokman Zaibet, and Hemesiri Kotagama. "Deeper Integration or Open Regionalism in the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA): A CGE Approach." Journal of Economic Integration 37, no. 4 (2022): 705–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2022.37.4.705.

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The Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) is a regional association based on the principle of open regionalism to promote liberalization through trade and investment facilitation. This study compares two main scenarios with the ingredients of a deeper regional integration compared to the IORA's present open regionalism status. Scenario I evaluates the effects of gradual tariff cuts on IORA, while Scenario II combines the impact of tariff cuts, non-tariff measures (NTM) reduction, and trade facilitation. A recent recursive dynamic model, called Global Trade Analysis Project recursive dynamic mode

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Lewlandy, Lewlandy, Ibra Fulenzi Amri, Nadya Christina, and Josua Bona Pangaribuan. "Analisis Perspektif Hukum Internasional Terkait Willow Project yang Berdampak Bagi Iklim Dunia." Journal on Education 5, no. 4 (2023): 16494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i4.2812.

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Each country in carrying out its government must have certain goals, in general countries are oriented and focused on national interests that lead to the welfare and prosperity of the country. an agenda carried out by the United States (United States of America) as a national strategic project, namely the Willow Projects, this is a domino effect from Saudi Arabia (Kingdom Saudi Arabia) joining an association of multilateral cooperation of countries in various fields that are developing and leading namely BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Saudi Arabia, which is the main par

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Sánchez-Ortiz, Néstor A., Mishel Unar-Munguía, Sergio Bautista-Arredondo, Teresa Shamah-Levy, and M. Arantxa Colchero. "Changes in apparent consumption of staple food in Mexico associated with the gradual implementation of the NAFTA." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 11 (2022): e0001144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001144.

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In 1994, the United States, Canada, and Mexico signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to remove trade barriers and facilitate cross-border trade in goods and services. Worldwide, trade agreements, urbanization and economic development have shaped significant changes in dietary habits. This study aims to evaluate the association between the gradual implementation of NAFTA and changes in apparent consumption of staple foods in Mexico. We analyzed national apparent consumption of animal- and vegetable-source foods, using data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the Unite

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Hashem, Mazen. "Annual Meeting of The American Sociological Association." American Journal of Islam and Society 12, no. 1 (1995): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v12i1.2400.

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Thi conference, which consisted of many sessions, was very wellattended. Since giving a review of each session is impractical, I will discussthose points that relate to academic trategies and intellectual trendsand that are relevant to Muslim academia.Organization: Social disciplines have become very diverse.Sociology, if not at the top, is no exception. Thus it seems that organizinga conference aroW1d a theme is rather limiting. This meeting, entitled "TheChallenge of Democratic Participation," consisted of nine categories: plenary,thematic, regular/section session, special session, didactic

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Jasiński, Leszek Jerzy. "A Comparative Analysis of Key Integration Blocks." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 27, no. 1 (2024): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.27.02.

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Why is integration progressing successfully in some parts of the world but not in others? Why are only some integration blocks hugely important for member countries? And why this is not the case globally? This article provides a comparative analysis of international economic structures, aiming to identify the factors that contribute to the validity and effectiveness of integration. The article examines eight economic blocks: the European Union, the Agreement between the United States of America, the United Mexican States and Canada, the Southern Common Market, the Association of Southeas

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Lehnerer, Melodye, and Harry Perlstadt. "Building a Community of Sociological Practice: Certifying Practitioners and Accrediting Programs." Journal of Applied Social Science 12, no. 1 (2017): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1936724417726102.

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Unlike psychology and economics, the discipline of sociology in the United States has not encouraged the training and practice of sociologists outside academia and scientific research enterprises. Certification and program accreditation attempt to return the discipline of sociology to its practice-oriented origins and build a professional community of practitioners. Individual practitioners may be certified as more than adequately trained and experienced, while teaching programs may be accredited as having the faculty, facilities, and curriculum necessary for a well-rounded education. This ess

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Yakubovskiy, S., T. Rodionova, and O. Tsviakh. "CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AREA." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 142 (2020): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2020.142.1.74-84.

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This research aims to analyze current economic state of the North American Free Trade Area and to identify possible prospects for its development. The article explores the prerequisites for the formation of NAFTA, reasons for revising the agreement and compares the differences between the previous and updated agreements, an impact of integration association on the socio-economic status, trade and investment activity of the participating countries, prospects for its development and analysis of its economic cooperation with Ukraine. The empirical analysis shows a significant relationship between

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Mutiara Sari Lubis, M. Syafii, and Sukardi. "Analysis of Factors Influencing Indonesian Coffee Export Volume Abroad." International Journal of Scientific Multidisciplinary Research 1, no. 9 (2023): 1201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/ijsmr.v1i9.6557.

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The aim of this research is to analyze factors influencing Indonesian coffee export volume abroad. The type of data used in this research is quantitative secondary data. Data taken from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, World Bank, United Nations International Trade Statistics Database, Indonesian Shoe Association, and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. This research uses the literature study method, by analyzing secondary data obtained from official publications related to this research. The data analysis method in this research uses panel data regression. The researc

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Luckstead, Jeff, Stephen Devadoss, and Ron C. Mittelhammer. "Apple Export Competition between the United States and China in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 46, no. 4 (2014): 635–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s107407080002914x.

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We developed a trade model under imperfect competition to analyze the market power of U.S. and Chinese apple producers in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) market and their domestic markets and the elimination of ASEAN tariffs on U.S. and Chinese apples. We also formulated welfare functions for the United States, China, and ASEAN. Comparative static results are derived to analyze the effect of tariff changes on exports, domestic sales, and welfare. Based on the theoretical model, we derived an econometric specification and used the new empirical industrial organization literat

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Ziaja, Andrew J. "Beyond Soft Law? An Assessment of International Labour Organisation Freedom of Association Complaints as a Means to Protect Collective Bargaining Rights in the United States." Global Jurist 9, no. 2 (2009): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1934-2640.1299.

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This article examines the effectiveness of International Labour Organisation Complaints (ILO) as a means to protect workers' ability to bargain collectively in the United States. It focuses, as a case study, on an ILO Committee on Freedom of Association (CFA") report that was issued in 2007. Two years prior, in 2005, The United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America (UE") filed an ILO complaint alleging that a North Carolina statute, NCGS § 95-98, which prohibits any public entity from entering into a collective bargaining agreement with a trade union, violated international law an

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Nyasha, Sheilla, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "The dynamics of stock market development in the United States of America." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 3, no. 1 (2013): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv3i1c1art3.

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This paper highlights the origin and development of the stock market in the United States of America. The country consists of several stock exchanges, with the three largest being the NYSE Euronext (NYX), National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (NASDAQ), and the Chicago Stock Exchange. Stock market reforms have been implemented since the stock market crash of 1929; and the exchanges responded positively to some of these reforms, but not so positively to some of the reforms. As a result of the reforms, the U.S. stock market has developed in terms of market capitalisation,

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Giladi, Rotem M. "The Practice and Case Law of Israel in Matters Related to International Law." Israel Law Review 30, no. 3-4 (1996): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002122370001517x.

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On July 31, 1996, Israel and Canada signed a Free Trade Agreement in Toronto. This Agreement, which is the culmination of two years of negotiations, will — upon its forthcoming entry into force — set the framework for future trade between Israel and Canada. This is a significant step for Israel's trade: Canada's population, as of 1995, was 28.9 million; it is the seventh largest world market: in 1994, its export was $164.3 billion F.O.B. and its import was $151.5 billion C.I.F. The Canadian trade relies heavily on the United States, and a Free Trade Agreement is in force between the two since

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Cohen, Elliot D. "What Else Can You Do With Philosophy Besides Teach?" International Journal of Philosophical Practice 3, no. 3 (2015): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijpp2015336.

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This article traces the rise of philosophical counseling in the United States, from its roots in the applied philosophy movement to the establishment of the National Philosophical Counseling Association, including a code of ethical standards for practitioners and a program for certification of philosophical counselors. The article demonstrates, through a brief discussion of the philosophical counseling modality of Logic-Based Therapy (LBT), how individuals who have Masters or Ph.D.’s in philosophy can become certified members of this burgeoning new profession.

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Morrissey, Katherine G. "Traces and Representations of the U.S.-Mexico Frontera." Pacific Historical Review 87, no. 1 (2018): 150–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2018.87.1.150.

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The following was the author’s presidential address at the annual meeting of the Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association, in Northridge, California, on August 4, 2017. The twentieth-century visual history of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands, la frontera, offers a rich set of representations of the shared border environments. Photographs, distributed in the United States and in Mexico, allow us to trace emerging ideas about the border region and the politicized borderline. This essay explores two border visualization projects—one centered on the Mexican Revolution and the visual vocabu

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Claussen, Kathleen. "Stocktaking and Glimpsing at Trade Law's Next Generation." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 111 (2017): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2017.69.

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These remarks are derived from a forthcoming work considering the future of international trade law. Compared with most features of the international legal system, the regional and bilateral trade law system is in the early stages of its evolution. For example, the United States is a party to fourteen free trade agreements currently in force, all but two of which have entered into force since 2000. The recent proliferation of agreements, particularly bilateral and regional agreements, is not unique to the United States. The European Union recently concluded trade agreement negotiations with Ca

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Kumar Mishra, Ram, and M. Karthik. "Understanding the US-China Trade War: Causes, Consequences and Economic Impact." Global Trade and Customs Journal 15, Issue 11/12 (2020): 580–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2020095.

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A trade war is a situation in which countries restrict each other’s trade by imposing tariffs or quota on imports. A latest example of a trade war is the one currently going on between the US and China. China with its large manufacturing base has captured the world markets. China’s growth is viewed as a threat to America’s supremacy in world trade. We focus on trade history and explore the trade statistics of China and the United States, the factors that led to the trade war, the journey of China in WTO and America’s appeal to amend WTO rules to ensure fair play. We also outline the outcome of

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Sokoloff, Kenneth L. "Inventive Activity in Early Industrial America: Evidence From Patent Records, 1790–1846." Journal of Economic History 48, no. 4 (1988): 813–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205070000663x.

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A sample of patent records from the United States between 1790 and 1846 is employed to study the patterns in inventive activity. Patenting was pro-cyclical, and yet began to grow rapidly with the interruptions in foreign trade that preceded the War of 1812. A strong association between patenting and proximity to navigable waterways is also demonstrated. Although the importance of specific mechanisms remains unclear, both the temporal and cross-sectional evidence imply that inventive activity was positively related to the growth of markets during early industrialization.

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Mangun, Kimberley, and Earnest L. Perry. "The Negro/National Newspaper Publishers Association and Its Dual Roles as a Trade and Advocacy Organization, 1940–2020." Journalism & Communication Monographs 22, no. 4 (2020): 264–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1522637920965961.

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The National Newspaper Publishers Association, founded in 1940 as the Negro Newspaper Publishers Association (NNPA), served two roles from the outset. As a trade organization, it sought to professionalize the Black press by holding regular conventions, improving business practices, and implementing journalism awards. As an advocacy organization, the NNPA met with sitting presidents and high-ranking government officials to push for civil rights legislation. This study, the first to document and discuss the NNPA’s dual roles, draws on organizational records, news stories, and other primary sourc

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Ivoylova, Irina V. "Trends in the development of trade in agricultural products and food of the EAEU member states in modern conditions." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 8 (2023): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2023-0-8-18-23.

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The article examines the positive trends in the development of the agro-food sector of the economy of the EAEU member states, which take place despite the impact of negative internal and external factors. In 2021, the total volume of mutual trade in agricultural products and food of the EAEU amounted to 11.9 billion US dollars, an increase of 34.8% compared to 2018. Foreign trade turnover increased by 24.7% and reached almost $70 billion. The share of agro-food products in the total trade turnover of the EAEU states is almost continuously increasing. It should be noted that the EAEU countries

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Yusuf, Umar. "Sustainable Trade Partnerships: Comparing India’s Economic Integration with Bimstec, Asean, and Saarc Towards Achieving the SDGs." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 5 (2025): e6682. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n05.pe06682.

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Objective: This study examines India's economic integration with the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), comparing it with its integration with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). The objectives are to identify the relationship between India's trade with BIMSTEC nations and to analyze trade trends within the bloc. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework aligns with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on sustainable develo

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Jayasanker, Laresh. "Chinese and Indian Restaurants in the San Francisco Bay Area since the 1960s." California History 94, no. 4 (2017): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2017.94.4.23.

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Accelerated global trade and mass immigration have brought rapid change to food culture in the United States over the past fifty years. San Francisco has been at the center of these changes. Bay Area restaurateurs Cecilia Chiang (The Mandarin) and her son Philip Chiang (P.F. Chang's), illustrate how Chinese food changed in the United States, moving out of historic Chinatowns and into the suburbs. David Brown's India House restaurant in San Francisco embodied the way Indian food was understood before the 1960s – interpreted through the lens of the British Empire. By the 2000s, Indian food had b

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Bennett, Simon A. "Lock and Load? Explaining Different Policies for Delivering Safety and Security in the Air." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 20, no. 2 (2002): 141–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700202000206.

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The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon generated significant social, economic, and political perturbations. The airline industry has been affected directly, with passenger numbers down and some airlines such as Midway in the United States and Sabena in Europe ceasing to exist. In an effort to restore confidence, the airlines, regulatory agencies, and governments on both sides of the Atlantic introduced “emergency” measures to increase public confidence in security. While cockpit incursion poses a risk to air safety (although it is not a novel phenomenon) other factors

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Cheah, Chang Jiang, and Zulkifli Noraini. "The Asean Action towards the Impact Trade War between The Us and China." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 07, no. 11 (2024): 5016–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14053927.

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The trade war between the United States (US) and China has significantly impacted the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), posing a direct threat to its diplomatic and economic structures. The aim of this study is to study the impacts of Trade War between US and China towards the ASEAN. By employing a qualitative method, secondary data was collected from scientific materials such as books, papers, journals, and online sources. The study utilizes the concept of national interests to explain the phenomenon under investigation. The research highlights that ASEAN has begun taking action

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Yuzvovich, Larisa I., Maya I. Lvova, and Anton S. Lylov. "Development of mutual trade in agricultural products and food in the BRICS association." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 11 (2024): 89–94. https://doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2024-0-11-89-94.

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The development of economic partnership in the field of agricultural production of the BRICS countries on a market-oriented basis to deter security threats is the main strategic driver of agro-industrial policy in the context of globalization of world economic relations. The International Alliance of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa has become an important player on the global political and economic scene, not least due to the expansion of its membership to include «medium-strength» states – Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in early 2024. Like the G

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