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1
Zhang, Wenge, Jun Li, and Yiyuan Mai. "The effect of industry association on firm innovation in Chinese private ventures." Management Decision 57, no. 9 (October 15, 2019): 2414–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2018-0538.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between industry association membership and firm innovation in Chinese private ventures. A secondary objective is to investigate potential moderating effects of firm learning practices and founder characteristics on the above relationship, and to draw out implications for policymakers and practitioners. Design/methodology/approach The paper utilizes data from a sample of 567 Chinese entrepreneurial firms operating in 9 designated emerging industries. Hierarchical regression models were employed to analyze the effect of industry association membership on firm innovation, and the potential moderating effects. A 2SLS procedure was adopted to control for potential endogeneity issue. Supplemental analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about how industry association membership, along with firm learning practice and founder leadership, affect firm innovation in Chinese private ventures in emerging industries. It suggests that industry association membership positively affects firm innovation. Further, there is a three-way interaction effect of industry association membership, learning practice and founder power on innovation. Research limitations/implications Due to the design of the data set, there are some limitations. First, the study only considered whether a firm belongs to an industry association, but not the nature of such membership (length, firm status in the association, etc.). Second, the cross-sectional design may limit the power of the study to make casual implications about the tested relationships. Practical implications The paper provides important practical implications for policymakers and entrepreneurs in China. In general, the results suggest that private ventures pursuing innovation in emerging industries can benefit from industry associations, and entrepreneurs shall actively engage in firm-level and personal-level learning. For policymakers, the study suggests that to foster innovation in an emerging industry, special attention shall be paid to building necessary institutional support to develop and to strengthen the role of industry association in the industry. Originality/value This paper fulfills an important gap in the literature in that it is one of the first, which investigates the role of the industry association in firm innovation, especially in a non-western context. This paper provides new insights into the role of industry association and firm innovation in an under-researched developing economy context.
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LI, MEINA, and LULU ZHANG. "Establishment of research-oriented hospital: an important way for translational medicine development in China." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520130458.
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Globally, one of the major trends is the development of translational medicine. The traditional hospital structure could not meet the demands of translational medicine development any longer and to explore a novel hospital structure is imperative. Following the times, China proposed and implemented a development strategy for a first-class modern research-oriented hospital. To establish a research-oriented hospital has become an important strategy to guide the scientific development of high-quality medical institutions and to advance translational medicine development. To facilitate translational medicine by developing research-oriented hospital, the Chinese Research Hospital Association (CRHA) has been established, which provides service of medicine, talents cultivation, scientific research and clinical teaching and covers areas of theoretical research, academic exchange, translational medicine, talents training and practice guiding. On the whole, research-oriented hospital facilitated translational medicine by developing interdisciplinary platform, training core competencies in clinical and translational research, providing financial support of translational research, and hosting journals on translational medicine, etc.
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Ao, Xue. "Research on New Relation between the Chinese Government and Trade Associations." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n5p153.
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The development level of trade associations is the important indicator which is used to judge the maturity of development in a country’s or region’s market economy. China now is in the exploratory stage of “disconnect” between the government and trade associations, and the relation between them shall be reconstructed. This paper used the methods of literature research, norms and empirical analysis, etc. to analyze the evolution and existing problems of the relation between the government and trade associations, exploring the new type of relation after trade association disconnect from the government, in order to promote the formation of the modern trade association chamber of commerce system.
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García, Ivis, and April Jackson. "Enhancing the Role of Government, Non-Profits, Universities, and Resident Associations as Valuable Community Resources to Advance Equity, Access, Diversity, and Inclusion." Societies 11, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11020033.
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Asset-based community development (ABCD) recognizes the value of six local assets: (1) individuals or community residents, (2) neighborhood resident associations (3) local institutions (e.g., government, non-profits, and universities) (4), physical space (e.g., parks, vacant lots, etc.), (5) economy and exchange (e.g., business development, barter, etc.), and (6) culture, history, and stories. ABCD draws upon these assets to build stronger and more sustainable communities [1] (see Figure 1) [...]
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HE, BAOGANG. "The Theory and Practice of Chinese Grassroots Governance: Five Models." Japanese Journal of Political Science 4, no. 2 (November 2003): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109903001105.
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Theories of governance and Chinese understandingsThere is a vast and eclectic literature about many forms of governance, including markets, bureaucratic hierarchies, associations and different types of networks. The Commission on Global Governance, for example, defines governance as ‘the sum of the many ways individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs. It is a continuing process through which conflicting or diverse interests may be accommodated and cooperative action may be taken. It includes formal institutions and regimes empowered to enforce compliance, as well as informal arrangements that people and institutions either have agreed to or perceive to be in their interest’. Thus, ‘at the global level, governance has been viewed primarily as intergovernmental relationships, but it must now be understood as also involving non-governmental organizations (NGOs), citizens' movements, multinational corporations and the global mass of dramatically enlarged influence’.
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Roy, Shelly R. "Educating Chinese, Japanese, and Korean International Students: Recommendations to American Professors." Journal of International Students 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v3i1.514.
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This paper discusses the unique barriers and learning difficulties encountered by Chinese, Japanese, and Korean international students when they study at institutions of higher education in the US. These learning difficulties arise because of inability of some American professors to use discourse markers, summarize at the end of lectures, write key concepts on the blackboard, etc. (Cox & Yamaguchi, 2010; Huang, 2004; Huang & Brown, 2009; Lee & Carrasquillo, 2006). The author argues that by using emotional intelligence (Goleman, 1998), the creating mind (Gardner, 2007), and the respectful mind (Gardner, 2007), American professors institutions of higher education in the US can enhance the learning experiences of their international students.
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Tumanova, Anastasiya S., and Alexander A. Safonov. "CHARTERS OF VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS IN PREREVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA." RUDN Journal of Law 24, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2020-24-1-113-136.
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The article deals with the history of doctrinal formation of the content of the charter of voluntary association of Late Imperial Russia, as well as the role of the charter in regulating the phenomenon of social self-organization. This problem is practically don't studied in the scientific literature. It is based on the involvement of a broad corpus of published sources (constituent documents of public organizations, materials of clerical work of public institutions, etc.) and archives (documents of the RGIA). The legal policy of the Russian government aimed at establishing uniformity in the content of constituent documents of voluntary societies and the principles of their relationship with the state according to the creation, re-registration, termination of societies is analyzed. This national framework is assessed from the standpoint of the content of corporate regulation in Late Imperial Russia, the degree of intervention of the state in this process. Russian and European sources for the formation of corporate legislation on voluntary associations are considered. The analysis of constituent documents of various groups of organizations in prerevolutionary Russia takes a significant place. They are studied according to the content, structure, general and special features, field of activity. The authors investigate how independent creativity of the founders was expressed when drawing up the charters of organizations that do not fully comply with typical constituent documents, find out its meaning and boundaries. The authors come to the conclusion that the charters gave Russian associations substantial autonomy in the inner life (defining goals and objectives, methods of capital formation, requirements for categories of members, etc.), but rather strictly prescribed the “external” context of their functioning, coupled with the interaction with state authorities.
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Wang, Peng. "Foreign institutional investor trading in Chinese A-share markets." Managerial Finance 40, no. 10 (October 7, 2014): 1007–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-11-2013-0326.
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Purpose – This paper addresses the topic “The interaction between financial institutions and firms in the nonfinancial sectors” in the special issue of “Banking and finance in China.” The purpose of this paper is to examine the trading behavior and price effects of foreign institutions under the celebrated Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) scheme on all non-financial firms in the Chinese A-share markets. Design/methodology/approach – Using quarterly equity-level foreign institution transactions from 2005Q1 to 2011Q4 in the Chinese A-share market, the author finds a positive and significant contemporaneous relationship between foreign flows and equity returns. For each quarter, the author sorts the stocks into ten portfolios based on the percentage of foreign flows, and employs the bivariate vector autoregression (VAR) model to examine the contemporaneous association in detail. Findings – Foreign institutions in the Chinese A-share markets do not show positive or negative feedback trading; however, their flows have a strong impact on future equity returns because of informational advantage. Additionally, different associations are found between foreign flows and equity returns. Research limitations/implications – Constraints on data availability exist, and a quarterly dimension is too coarse to provide a statistically precise result, although certain related papers use quarterly dimension data. Further research is required using higher frequency data. Originality/value – This paper provides a first look at foreign institution trading patterns and price effects on local equity returns in the Chinese A-share markets. Additionally, the equity level data allow the author to exclude the stocks that were not bought by foreign institutions and to detect the “pure effect” of foreign flows on equity returns.
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Vakhrushev, Maxim. "The higher education institution’s Scientific Library to play the role of an open archive." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2018-4-14-22.
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The role of the higher education institutions’ libraries in building and maintaining the institution’s open archives is highlighted. The author emphasize that open archives are demanded highly by the scientific community as the data is free. The open archive structured by disciplinary or interdisciplinary principle can become the base for informal associations (collaborations, consortia, etc.) around science schools or research centers (faculties, institutions, universities, research organizations). Expanded functionalities and instruments to get scientometric indicators are analyzed in detail. These functions make the alternative source for measuring scientific performance of organizations and individual researchers systematically and adequately. The librarians responsibilities related to collecting and preparing scientometric indicators are highlighted. The open archives, institutional repositories, e-libraries can provide both traditional scientometric indicators (impact factors, Hirsch index, etc.), and alternative metrics (publication web indicators). Scientometric data collection, accumulation, interpretation and preparation are continuously expanding processes and they enhance the librarians’ roles.
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WANG, Juan, and Sida LIU. "Ordering Power under the Party: A Relational Approach to Law and Politics in China." Asian Journal of Law and Society 6, no. 01 (May 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2018.40.
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AbstractExisting scholarship of China’s legal institutions has primarily focused on individual institutions, such as the court, the police, or the legal profession. This article proposes a relational approach to the study of political-legal institutions in China. To understand the order and exercise of power by various political-legal institutions, the relational approach emphasizes the spatial positions of actors or institutions (the police, courts, lawyers, etc.) within the broader political-legal system and their mutual interactions. We suggest that the changing ideas of the Chinese leadership about the role of law as an instrument of governance have shaped the relations between various legal and political institutions. The interactions of these political-legal institutions (e.g. the “iron triangle” of the police, the court and the procuracy) further reveal the dynamics of power relations at work.
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Jiang, Ying, Ming Jing, Jie Zeng, Feng Qi Shen, Du Lan Qi, and Li Hua Wang. "LanguageTool Based Proofreading of Sensitive Chinese Political Information." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 2644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.2644.
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Sensitive Chinese political information are partly monitored and controlled by Chinese mainstream media (newspaper, television, the Internet, etc.) and the National Security Agency as well as corresponding political authorities. However, Chinese media authorities still lack in a technology or some methods to detect and identify sensitive Chinese political information quickly and efficiently. Due to complexity of sensitive Chinese political information, it cannot be monitored by a list of keywords or a simple pattern matching. How to satisfy the demands of media institutions is one of the most important problems. The main purpose of this paper is to combine the redacting technology of Chinese grammar rules with sensitive Chinese political information in order to provide the LanguageTool XML rules suitable for monitoring sensitive Chinese political information.
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An, Jun Xiu, Jian Huang, and Wei Yu. "Algorithm of Disambiguation and Matching of Chinese Word Segmentation in Connected Strategies Research." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1702.
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The Chinese Word Segmentation technology is belonged to the category of technology of natural language management. Academies which studying Chinese Word Segmentation are mostly Research institutions such as Tsinghua University, Peking University, Chinese Academy of science, Beijing Language And Culture University, Northeastern University, Research Institute of IBM, and Research Institute of Microsoft (China), etc. Firstly, the essay analyze and compare the measurements of operation complexity and Algorithm capability of Chinese Word Segmentation in the dimension of Lucene open source’s environment, and also technologies of Chinese grammar analysis used by Chinese Academy of science. We are going to put forward the algorithm of disambiguation and matching of Chinese Word Segmentation in connected strategies based on the studying of Cloud Computing and Parallel Computing.
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Guo, Yu Qing, Jian Jin, and Ai Yuan Liu. "Comparison Study on Bioinformatics Research Papers Written by Chinese and Worldwide Authors Respectively." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.421.
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From 1997 to 2009, altogether 2853 papers from 48059 papers extracted in SCI-Expended on bioinformatics could be attributed to Chinese scholars in the world. This study examined the top 30 SCI-E journals that published the largest number of papers on bioinformatics written by authors worldwide and by Chinese authors respectively, and measured collaborations amongst country and the productivity distribution of relevant institutions in the world, the languages in which documents were published, the mode of publication (e.g. article, reviews and proceedings paper etc.). This study will provide general insights of the characteristics of bioinformatics research papers written by Chinese authors.
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Handlin Smith, Joanna. "Opening and Closing a Dispensary in Shan-Yin County: Some Thoughts about Charitable Associations, Organizations, and Institutions in Late Ming China." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 38, no. 3 (1995): 371–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568520952600452.
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AbstractDuring the seventeenth century Chinese local elites sponsored charitable activities more visibly and vocally than ever before. One small outcome of the heightened interest in doing good was a dispensary that wealthy residents of Shan-yin county operated for the poor. Using materials relating to the dispensary, this article explores differences between loose associations, formal organizations, and lasting institutions. To understand voluntary cooperation among the philanthropists it considers several ingredients other than the needs of the poor and the compassion of the rich; these include the type of leadership and a proclivity among local elites of this period to form diverse associations.
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Lausent-Herrera, Isabelle. "Speaking Chinese: A major Challenge in the Construction of Identity and the Preservation of the Peruvian Chinese Community (1870–1930)." Global Chinese 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2015-1008.
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Abstract The arrival of around 100,000 Chinese male workers, in Peru between 1849 and 1874 as indentured labor created particularly difficult conditions for the emergence and development of a Chinese community. Arriving without women, the majority of the Chinese founded families in Peru. To conserve a blood link with their Chinese identity, many sought to marry young mixed blood Chinese-Peruvian girls. However, to make up a Chinese community, a Chinese education was considered essential for the transmission and preservation of cultural values and language. There were several attempts to create a Chinese school for the children of the Emperor’s subjects, first by the church in 1882 and later by Chinese officials as early as 1885, following the model of San Francisco and Havana. This article examines the historical development between 1870 and 1930 of the efforts the Chinese community in Peru made in setting up Chinese language education and community associations and the institutions that supported the development.
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Busch, Rainer, Karim Gassemi, Julie Papastamatelou, Alexander Unger, and Christian May. "Perception of formal and informal institutions by entrepreneurs in China, Morocco, and Germany – A cross-cultural pilot study." International Journal of Management and Economics 56, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): 324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2020-0026.
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AbstractIntroduction and AimsEntrepreneurship and the business environment, in general, are being influenced by the existence of formal and informal institutions. This study focuses on the negative versus positive perceptions of Moroccan, Chinese, and German entrepreneurs to formal and informal institutions, and the associations of these perceptions with self-efficacy and market versus network orientation of the business environment.MethodsIn a sample of n = 319 female and male entrepreneurs, we have examined similarities and differences in the perception of informal and formal institutions and their effects on self-efficacy and business strategy, while conducting t-tests and linear regressions.ResultsIn all three cultural contexts, both formal and informal institutions play a significant role because of different reasons.ConclusionThe nature of entrepreneurship is complex as both formal and informal institutional factors are differently associated with businesses. The results could enhance the understanding regarding the coexistence of formal or informal institutions within the business environments of different countries and the connections between business orientation and self-efficacy.
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FENG, Renjie, and Dingkun LEI. "Mamallapuram Summit Held in Uncertainties: India’s and China’s Continuing Efforts to Pluck Low-Hanging Fruit." East Asian Policy 11, no. 04 (October 2019): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930519000345.
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This article attempts to review the major achievements of the Mamallapuram Summit and lend a contrast between Indian and Chinese analysts’ various interpretations of the event. It also uncovers the critical factors that contribute to the different interpretations by the Indian and Chinese sides, and identifies the areas that India and China could substantiate their cooperation and pluck the low-hanging fruit. The informal summit format supplements the formal diplomatic engagements to reduce risks of miscalculation and military conflicts, and also serves as a platform for India and China to collaborate in common interests such as reforming Western international institutions, etc.
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Du, Michael M. "China’s “One Belt, One Road” Initiative: Context, Focus, Institutions, and Implications." Chinese Journal of Global Governance 2, no. 1 (June 16, 2016): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23525207-12340014.
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With the launch of “One Belt, One Road” Initiative, China is injecting vitality into the ancient Silk Road. While China is seen to embrace it as the centrepiece of its economic strategy, the new Silk Road Initiative, if well implemented, is expected to bring forth the opportunity of economic prosperity for both China and the countries in the region. Against the backdrop of the complicated and volatile geopolitics in the mega-regions and the voracious needs for gigantic inputs of resources, etc., however, the operationality of the Initiative is in contrast with the grandiose discourse by the Chinese authorities. In particular, where China’s ultimate target is set to shape a new structure for global economic governance, its ability to lead vis-à-vis its targeted partners’ readiness to cooperate, among others, remain to be tested.
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Vdovin, A. "Russian-Chinese Banking Cooperation." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2015): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-6-28-38.
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The article considers current status and trends of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the banking sector. Firstly, it examines scope of activities and main results of specialized inter-state mechanism of deepening inter-bank cooperation between Russia and China. Secondly, a detailed analysis of Chinese banking institutions’ operations in the Russian market is given. The author points out that until now the main reasons for the Chinese banks’ activities in the Russian market have political nature while purely commercial considerations are of secondary importance. The client base mainly consists of Chinese companies and enterprises doing their business in Russia. The revenues of Chinese banks here are primarily generated by interest income. Chinese banks demonstrate low-key approach to searching of new and expansion of existing areas of their business. There is no evidence of major expansion in investment and lending to local businesses, deepening work in the retail sector, etc. Chinese banks retain limited geographical presence in Russia. Thirdly, the scope and trends of Russian banks’ activities in China are analyzed. The author explains extremely weak presence of Russian banks in China (including Hong Kong) and lack of dynamism in their operations in the local market. The key problems are singled out. Mostly, they are determined by the specifics of the Chinese banking sector functioning. In particular, tangible complexity persists in attracting funding from Chinese banks. The documentary operations (letters of credit, factoring) are not yet actively used in the work with the Chinese market. The commercial incentives to work with China remain small for the Russian banks. A general conclusion is drawn that in short term one should not expect any serious penetration of Russian banks into the PRC.
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Paliszewska-Mojsiuk, Monika, and Anna Sroka-Grądziel. "HSK – JĘZYKOWY PASZPORT DO CHIN. O EGZAMINIE Z PERSPEKTYWY POLAKÓW." Neofilolog, no. 53/1 (September 30, 2019): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2019.53.1.4.
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HSK (Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi – 汉语水平考试) and HSKK (Hanyu Shuiping Kouyu Kaoshi – 汉语水平口语考试) are the official Chinese language proficiency examinations for foreigners developed by Hanban (Office of Chinese Language Council International) and their results are acknowledged by many employers and institutions. They, for example, facilitate admission to universities, open the way to variety of scholarships, etc. But do they genuinely reflect the actual level of students’ proficiency? To answer this question, the authors has analyzed the structure and content of HSK and HSKK as well as their theoretical basis; they also tried to relate the Chinese examinations to the CEFR (2001). On the basis of their research, the authors point to the difficulties that Polish learners encounter when taking these examinations.
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Bennis, Laila. "Les Institutions De La Microfinance Entre La Responsabilité Sociale Et La Performance Financière: Cas Des Associations De Micro-Crédits." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n1p372.
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In recent years, microfinance becomes an engine of social and solidarity economy. The success of the microfinance sector and the media attention it generated as a tool to fight against poverty. It has increased the interest in the sector and attracted a number of private players (banks and investment funds) for which the financial profitability is crucial. This trend has enabled the sector to continue to grow and be more professional. Yet today this sector is subject to severe criticism on the risk of drifts of its institutions as over-indebtedness of clients and academic questions about the real impact of microcredit. The maturity of microfinance calls for growth and mastered firmly based on core principles (financial inclusion, customer protection, appropriate services etc.) in order to guard against the excesses of excessive commercialization which would be driven solely by the profit motive (financial profitability). Currently, microfinance institutions must demonstrate not only their reliability, cost efficient, their corporate and social responsibility. So complementarily between financial return and social performance is necessary for the sustainability of MFIs. Thus, a strong financial performance allows MFIs to have the capacity to pursue social objectives, and conversely, achieving social goals also improves profitability.
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Heck, A., and J. L. Halbwachs. "Astronomical Directories." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 110 (1989): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100003067.
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Astronomical directories are available as CDS Special Publications. They provide practical data that one seeks to have always at one’s disposal on astronomical organizations and related items of interest.Over the years, these directories have proved to be very effective tools not only for improving national and international relationships in amateur and professional astronomy, but also for helping amateur astronomers, laypersons and public bodies to easily contact astronomical organizations as the need arises.IDPAI 1989 (CDS Special Publication 12 - about 500 pages) will be the second edition of the International Directory of Professional Astronomical Institutions. It will gather more than 2600 entries from about 80 countries: professional astronomical observatories and institutions; organizations, universities, departments, groups or companies employing astronomers or researchers in astronomy; related entries of general interest: IAU adhering organizations, professional associations, funding organizations, academies, as well as bibliographical services, software producers, journals, publishers, manufacturers, dealers, etc.
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Choi, Chi-cheung. "Ancestors Are Watching: Ritual and Governance at Peck San Theng, a Chinese Afterlife Care Organization in Singapore." Religions 11, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11080382.
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Kwong Wai Siew Peck San Theng 新加坡廣惠肇碧山亭 (hereafter PST) is a non-profit organization registered under Singapore’s Societies Ordinance, founded in 1870 by Chinese immigrants from three prefectures of Guangdong province: Guangzhou 廣州, Zhaoqing 肇慶 and Huizhou 惠州. Until the mid-1970s, it managed more than 100,000 graves spread over 324 acres of land. After the Singapore government acquired its land for urban development PST continued its service to the departed by managing a columbarium that accommodates urns and spiritual tablets. PST’s governing body is formed by regional associations of the three prefectures although these associations receive neither dividends nor shares from PST. Besides annually celebrated activities such as ancestral worship at halls, grave sweeping at tombs every spring and autumn and the Hungry Ghost festival PST has, since 1922, organized irregularly a Grand Universal Salvation Ritual (the Wan Yuan Sheng Hui 萬緣勝會) for both ancestors and wandering spirits. The ritual was held not only to generate income but was also designed to serve the afterlife of the homeless overseas migrants and also as an informal sanction to regulate the behavior of committee members. Based on PST’s institutional archives and participant observations, this paper analyzes the ritual over a period of 90 years. It argues that formal institutional behavior is checked and balanced by informal sanction constructed in the form of ancestors watching from above. This paper further argues that while filial piety is an essential Chinese cultural value, the Chinese people of Singapore rely on institutions such as PST to integrate their ancestors with individual characteristics into collective ancestors taken care of by the institutions, releasing them from the burden of daily ancestral worship. Religious charity and filial piety are equally important.
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ZHOU, HUAN. "Trends in the use of it in human resource management on the example of chinese higher education institutions." Science Journal Innovation Technologies Transfer, no. 2020-4 (September 28, 2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36381/iamsti.4.2020.24-30.
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Taking into consideraton the scope of human resource management functons, an efectve human resource management system must comply with a number of administratve, statutory, functonal and technological requirements to ensure the management of human To support the partnership between HR specialists, program managers, fnancial staf , managers and staf; At the same tme providing accurate, reliable informaton for planning and decision-making at the organizaton level. The Human resources Management System (HRMS) is sofware for working with databases and applicatons to carry out personnel operatons on the Internet. The HRMS sofware automatcally prepares all bills and employee registries, such as a service book, a vacaton account, a credit score, a payroll account, a chart of ofcials, etc., getng relevant data from transactons. Chinese higher educaton insttutons use a number of modern sofware to implement educatonal services at a higher internatonal level. In partcular, it uses applicaton sofware to atract students for training - China Internatonal Student service System.
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Mandal, Ram Krishna. "Urbanization in Arunachal Pradesh: Trends and Patterns 1961-2000." Journal of Global Economy 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 320–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v5i4.79.
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An overview of the process of urbanization in the State of Arunachal Pradesh during the last two decades brings out the inadequacy of the existing institutional structure in managing urban centers in the “borderless†world of today. These institutions are noted to have least capacity to deal with the demands and pressures that are being generated as a result of the present focus of globalization. Managing these processes was considered to be an exclusive responsibility of the government and state owned and state led institutions, just a few decades back. Now, under a decentralized system of planning, it is viewed as a joint responsibility of stakeholders like industrial and business enterprises, public and private organizations and resident associations, etc. These tasks include providing the infrastructural services and other civic amenities etc. for the urban dwellers. Cities and towns are a product of complex forces that include market dynamics, over which town and city managers have only a limited control. Consequently the extent to which an individual city or town can accelerate or retard its economic, social, or for that matter, demographic growth, depend largely on internal dynamics and external factors boosting the dynamics.The new perspective, thus, urges the government at different levels in the hierarchy to function in collaboration with the other stakeholders, if they want to make an impact on the pace, pattern and trend of urbanization.
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Mattingly, Daniel C. "Elite Capture." World Politics 68, no. 3 (May 19, 2016): 383–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887116000083.
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Political decentralization is often argued to strengthen political accountability by bringing government closer to the people. Social and civic institutions at the local level, such as lineage associations, temples, churches, or social clubs, can make it easier for citizens to monitor officials and hold them accountable. This article argues that strong social institutions also empower local elites who may use their informal influence to control their group and capture rents. Drawing on evidence from case studies of Chinese villages, the article shows that lineage group leaders who become village officials use their combination of social and political authority to confiscate villagers’ land. Evidence from a survey experiment suggests that endorsement of a land confiscation plan by lineage elites elicits greater compliance with property seizures. A national survey indicates that when a lineage leader becomes a village cadre, it is associated with a 14 to 20 percent increase in the likelihood of a land expropriation. The findings demonstrate how informal institutions and local civil society can be tools of top-down political control.
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Tang, Beibei. "Deliberation and governance in Chinese middle-class neighborhoods." Japanese Journal of Political Science 19, no. 4 (December 2018): 663–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109918000282.
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AbstractThis paper examines the mechanisms of deliberation and conflict resolution in Chinese urban middle-class residential communities. Along with the rise of private home ownership and urban middle-class residential estates, disputes and conflicts have risen between the residents, resident self-elected organization (homeowner associations), real estate developer and property management companies, and the local government. Through the lens of deliberation in middle-class neighborhoods, this paper analyzes (1) how and to what extent deliberation is introduced and employed as an instrumental tool by the local government to achieve their goal of maintaining social stability. (2) In what ways and to what extent deliberation has served as part of governance strategies. And (3) whether and how the state and non-state actors interact with each other during this process to produce more democratic governance under the Party-state's authoritarian rule. This paper adopts a systemic approach to examine authoritarian deliberation as a neighborhood governance strategy. The findings suggest that (1) deliberation has become an instrumental tool for conflict resolution introduced by the local government to middle-class neighborhoods. Residents’ Committees, on behalf of the state, has become key coordinator and mediator during the deliberation process. (2) The systemic approach of authoritarian deliberation includes a mix of deliberative elements and other features of political culture, traditions, strategies, and institutions. The dynamic interactions between deliberation and authoritarianism, between deliberative and non-deliberative features, and between formal deliberative meetings and informal deliberative talks all contribute to a functional deliberative system.
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Куценко, Ірина. "MONITORING EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT IN KHERSON MARITIME EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS DURING THE 1970s AND THE 1990s OF THE 20th CENTURY." Науковий вісник Інституту професійно-технічної освіти НАПН України. Професійна педагогіка, no. 18 (June 24, 2019): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32835/2223-5752.2019.18.210-214.
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The article highlights the characteristics of monitoring students’ educational attainment in maritime education institutions during the reorganization of the Soviet system during the 1970s and the 1990s. It analyzes the orders, circulars, reports, protocols of meetings of methodical associations and pedagogical collections and other documents, whose content is related to educational activities of Kherson maritime educational institutions. The analysis of historical literature shows that Kherson maritime education institutions, as well as other educational institutions of that time, were dependent on education reforms and state policy. A significant part of the government’s orders, resolutions, instructions, decisions on the issues of monitoring education quality was presented by legislative, officially political and regulatory documents of state authorities and the management of the Soviet Union. It is specified that internal monitoring was conducted based on constant monitoring, which included assessing the implementation of written control tasks, oral answers, etc. As evidenced by the analysis of the protocols of Admiral Ushakov Shipbuilding College, the constant orders for raising educational attainment in educational institutions led to the fact that the process of monitoring educational activities of maritime students in this context was fictitious; all results of educational activities were characterized by student progress, which differed from the existing situation. However, such a policy on monitoring educational attainment of students reflected the constant reforms of the Soviet Union, which were aimed at fictitious increasing of student progress in all sectors of education.
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Baruk, Agnieszka Izabela. "Associations with the University as an Employer in the Years 2016–2019 — Young Potential Employees Perspective." Marketing of Scientific and Research Organizations 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minib-2019-0033.
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Summary The article is theoretical and empirical. To prepare the theoretical part, the method of cognitive-critical analysis of world literature in the field of management, personal marketing, etc. was applied. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that there is a cognitive and research gap relating to research on universities as employers. This applies especially to associations of young potential employees with this group of employers. Therefore, the article aims to achieve the goal, which is to identify associations of young potential employees with the university as a workplace and indicate the changes taking place in them. In order to achieve this goal, three editions of empirical research were conducted, using the survey method to collect primary data. The collected data were subjected to quantitative analysis using statistical analysis methods. Its results indicate that there has been a slight improvement in terms of associations of respondents with the university as a workplace. Still, however, more than half of the respondents did not take into account taking up employment in such institutions. Therefore, it is still not an attractive employer for young Poles, which indicates the need to undertake comprehensive activities related to building a positive image as an employer.
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Riku, Juichi. "Current Situation for Generic Drugs in Japan." Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 2, no. 3 (April 2005): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jgm.4940073.
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Although the Japanese pharmaceutical market is the second largest market in the world, the share of generics is extremely low when compared with those in the USA, the UK and Germany. The reason for this is that there are several obstacles to quick access to, and market penetration of, generics that would be incomprehensible to foreign companies. In Japan, systems such as substitution of generics for brands, reference pricing, etc have not yet been implemented. Similarly, the complete separation of prescribing and dispensing medicines has not occurred in Japan, where 48 per cent of medical institutions both prescribe and dispense pharmaceutical products. This is in stark contrast to both the USA and the EU, where complete separation exists. Medical institutions that gain profits from the gap between the purchasing and reimbursement price still tend to use brands with higher profit margins than generics; however, the push to promote the use of generics has just started. Therefore, generics companies and their associations must implement appropriate strategies in response to the changing circumstances.
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Bakarić, Ivana Rašić. "The impact of cluster networking on business performance of Croatian wood cluster members." Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crebss-2017-0008.
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Abstract This paper investigates the link between cluster membership and performance of clustered companies. The object of the study is the Croatian Wood Cluster (CWC). The paper presents the results of a survey of 34 members of the Croatian Wood Cluster operating in wood and furniture industries. The survey was conducted in order to identify and analyse perceptions and attitudes of CWC members towards CWC objectives, activities and performance; the cooperation strength among cluster members and that with the players outside the cluster; the effects of clustering on the operational performance of the clustered SMEs; business and economic setting in Croatia, barriers for the work of the CWC and the relevancy of government policy measures. The empirical results indicate that the economic performance of the clustered companies is significantly predicted by the cooperation with public institutions, financial institutions and professional associations (such as the Agency for Investments and Competitiveness) provided by the CWC and by the access to cluster resources such as horizontal cooperation, fairs, exhibitions etc. Additionally, an access to credit, customers and competitors shows a significant positive effect on finance-based performance of the clustered companies. On the other hand, cooperation among cluster members and cooperation with scientific, high education and research institutions show no significant relationship with the company performance.
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Gurbanova, Nurana, Semen Raspopin, Nikolai Iurtaev, and Dmitrii Bardokin. "Current Issues of Qualified Legal Assistance in the Post-Soviet Space." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2020, no. 3 (November 6, 2020): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2020-4-3-257-269.
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Modern processes of regulation of the legal market in Russia and other post-Soviet countries take place in the context of the right to qualified legal assistance. The authors used a set of such comparative legal methods as synchronous and intra-system comparison, as well as problem-chronological and formal legal methods. The paper focuses on the definition of qualified legal assistance and its criteria. The research involved a group of entities that provide qualified legal assistance: public authorities, civil society institutions, i.e. bar, notary, legal clinics, public associations, etc., commercial organizations, and individual lawyers. The comparative legal analysis featured qualified legal assistance in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. A key aspect of the right to qualified legal assistance is the state system of legal aid. The article describes Russian and Belarusian models. The authors believe that there is no appropriate definition of qualified legal aid and that the bar holds the dominant position in the professional lawyers' community. Some countries of the Eurasian Economic Union preserved Soviet experience of bar associations. These countries demonstrate some specific traits of advocacy activities. For instance, institutions of legal consultants function as an alternative to the bar. The Republic of Armenia declared legal practice a business activity. The Republic of Belarus legally regulates specialized bar associations, e.g. legal counseling and law firms that specialize in a particular branch of law. As for free legal assistance, Russian model proved to be more advanced than that of Belarus, as Russia has no statutory mechanisms for obliging legal firms to provide free legal assistance at their own expense. In addition, Russia has a wider range of population categories entitled to receive free legal aid. Another advantage of the Russian free legal aid system is a detailed regulation of the status of legal clinics.
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Fridenson, Patrick. "Les Organisations, un Nouvel Objet." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 44, no. 6 (December 1989): 1461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1989.283664.
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Les rapports entre « sciences de l'organisation » et « analyse historique » n'ont rien d'évident. L'analyse historique telle qu'elle s'est exprimée dans les Annales ESC au cours des différentes phases de leur évolution n'a accordé beaucoup d'importance ni à la prise de décision ni aux institutions. Inversement les sciences de l'organisation sont avant tout des sciences appliquées qui font jouer leurs acquis au service des entreprises et des administrations, alors que l'histoire reste encore majoritairement une discipline de recherche fondamentale.La définition du terme d'organisation donne lieu de longue date à de vifs débats. L'observation courante en montre vite la grande diversité. On distingue d'ordinaire les organisations marchandes (entreprises, sociétés de services, organismes publics comme les hôpitaux, etc.) et les organisations non marchandes (administrations, armées, Églises, associations à but non lucratif, partis politiques, syndicats).
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Unger, Jonathan, and Anita Chan. "State corporatism and business associations in China." International Journal of Emerging Markets 10, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-09-2014-0130.
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Purpose – All of the major market economies of East Asia have developed institutional arrangements through which business associations, labor unions, and other major types of associations maintain close relationships with the state. During the stage in which these were emerging economies, the state dominated this relationship in an arrangement known as “state corporatism.” But with democratization, Japan’s, Taiwan’s, and South Korea’s business associations and unions came more under the influence their members, and a new balance in relations with the state emerged in an arrangement known as “societal corporatism.” In China, which is still in transition from the status of an emerging economy, the state continues to dominate associations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the situation in China and to analyze whether the government is likely to maintain its dominance in future decades over powerful economic constituencies and their associations. Design/methodology/approach – The historical transition from state corporatism to societal corporatist practices in East Asia is discussed on the basis of available English-language literature. This forms the framework for an analysis of China, based largely upon on-site research and Chinese-language writings. The paper includes case studies of China’s two major business associations. Findings – The paper finds that China’s controls over business associations using state corporatist techniques are likely to persist in coming decades, due to the government’s vigilance in warding off any transition to members’ influence and societal corporatism. Practical implications – The influence of the state on businesses and unions and on business associations affects the operations of these vival economic institutions as well as the shaping of government policies. Originality/value – To understand relations between business associations and governments in East Asia, especially China, it is necessary to come to grips with the concept and practices of corporatism. This paper uses a comparative perspective to illuminate trends in the region’s capitalist countries and to cast new light on China.
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Goodhart, C., and C. Xu. "The Rise of China as an Economic Power." National Institute Economic Review 155 (February 1996): 56–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019615500104.
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In the twenty years since the Cultural Revolution, China has maintained fast real growth. This occurred despite China having similar problems to other transitional economies, e.g. loss-making State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), eroding fiscal revenues and inflation, (Section 3).Although China initially adopted the Soviet central planning model, after the 1950s break Chinese planning changed towards a regionally-based system with local planning (Section 2). In contrast to the centrally-based, functionally-specialised (U-form or unitary structure) Soviet model, the Chinese economy is organised on a multi-layer-multi-regional (M-form) basis. This encour aged development of small size township and village enterprises (TVEs), the main engine of Chinese growth.Power and control remained with the Party and the State, but was diffused much more widely, regionally and locally. This allowed initiatives at lower (political) levels to establish institutions, both in agriculture (the ‘household responsibility system’) and industry (TVEs), without state protection. Even among regionally controlled SOEs, ‘tournament rivalry’ between regions, etc., and between SOEs and TVEs provided competition.
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Peng, Qingqing. "Knowledge Graph of China’s Executive Compensation Gap: Visual Analysis Based on CiteSpace." Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i3.2190.
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This study selected 473 local research articles on executive compensation from core journals in the China Academic Journals (CNKI) full-text database and the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI) from 2003 to 2020. Then, the bibliometric analysis method was adopted and conducted in regard to the number of articles published, authors, research institutions, high-frequency keywords, etc. In view of the increasing studies of this field, this study showed that a few scholars and institutions with high academic influence have been involved in the research on executive compensation gap in China. The results from this study revealed that the research on the relationship between executive compensation gap and firm performance as well as the moderating variables between them were topics of interests. In the context of the increasing compensation gap which had become a global interest, the research on management power and promotion incentives have established their significance as important research frontiers.
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Drobotushenko, E. V. "RELIGIOSITY OF TRANS-BAIKAL BURYATS IN THE CONDITIONS OF ANTIRELIGIOUS POLICY OF THE SOVIET STATE IN THE 1950s - EARLY 1960s." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-1-92-99.
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In the article, on the basis of archival documents, the features of official, institutionalized religiosity of Transbaikal Buryats in the second half of the 1950s - early 1960s are characterized. The author says that at present the problem stated in the title of the article is practically not studied. Transbaikalia at the time in question is the territory of two subjects of the RSFSR, the Buryat-Mongolian (Buryat) Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Chita region. Data on the religiosity of the population of Transbaikalia, in the period under review, can be obtained mainly from the reports of the authorized Councils for religious cults and the affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church, and since 1965, the Council for religious affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The degree of religiosity of society can be assessed by two components: institutionalized one - officially registered religious institutions, such as religious associations, priests and existing buildings of religious purpose, and non-institutionalized one, i.e. unofficial religious structures. Markers of the measurement of the religious component are: the number of registered religious associations, buildings of religious purpose, priests, their territorial location, the number of registered believers-parishioners, the amounts received from different sources for the needs of religious associations, sacred places, pilgrimages, etc. For the Buryat population of Transbaikalia, religiosity was manifested, for the most part, in the Northern branch of Buddhism - Lamaism. It is noted that, despite the serious antireligious orientation of the Soviet government, the Buryat population largely remained religious. There were registered religious associations, religious buildings, there was a significant number of parishioners.
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Onda, Morio. "Rotating savings and credit associations as traditional mutual help networks in East Asia." International Journal of Asian Studies 18, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591421000036.
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AbstractThis paper presents micro finance as a traditional system of mutual help networks in East Asia. These are called “Rotating Savings and Credit Associations” (ROSCAS) and can also be seen in other areas. Micro finance means that invested money is small and managed by members. Mutual help actions are divided into three categories: reciprocal, redistributional, and unidirectional action. The content of redistribution is labor, goods, and money. ROSCAS are the distributional action of money. It has been called tanaomoshi or mujin in Japan. ROSCAS have different names: South Korean ke, Chinese kai (huì), and Taiwanese hyokai (biāo huì) can be compared with the already well-studied Japanese case through the results of an interview survey and fact-finding fieldwork study. The purpose of the paper is to show that ROSCAS are important not only economically but also socially in terms of friendship and bonds. The economy is embedded in social relations and institutions. Although ROSCAS have almost disappeared from modern life and some are interest-oriented, they contributed to sustainable communities and can still be identified in East Asia. The paper concludes that modern societies might do well to reconsider ROSCAS as mutual help networks in search of ways of reconstructing communities.
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Alberio, Marco. "Aider les aidants : quel espace pour l’innovation sociale dans le soutien aux proches aidants en région?" Revue Organisations & territoires 29, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1522/revueot.v29n2.1153.
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Dans cet article, nous examinons les initiatives et actions locales visant à réduire les inégalités découlant du rôle de proche aidant tant à l’échelle individuelle, collective (de groupes spécifiques, tels que les femmes) que territoriale. Nous présenterons les résultats d’une étude qualitative réalisée au Québec en 2015 auprès de proches aidants d’aînés qui occupent un poste à temps plein dans le marché du travail, ainsi qu’auprès des professionnels leur offrant des services. Plus précisément, nous observerons comment différents acteurs (institutions de la santé, associations, MRC, etc.) essaient de mettre en oeuvre et de conserver une offre de services pour les proches aidants, et comment ces services et ces initiatives peuvent affecter la vie quotidienne des aidants en leur permettant, en premier lieu, de s’identifier comme proches aidants et, plus largement, en influençant leurs trajectoires et expériences de conciliation entre travail, famille et soins.
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Shafait, Zahid, Muhammad Asif Khan, Yuriy Bilan, and Judit Oláh. "Modeling the mediating roles of self-directed learning and knowledge management processes between emotional intelligence and learning outcomes in higher education." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 27, 2021): e0255177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255177.
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Objective: Drawing on the knowledge-based view and ability-based theories of emotional intelligence (EI), in this study, we investigate the effects of EI on learning outcomes related to academics and administrators in Chinese research universities and we also test the direct association between learning outcomes and creative performance. In addition, we examine the mediating role of self-directed learning (SDL) and knowledge management processes (KMPs) on the relationship between EI and learning outcomes. Methods: The sample, for this study, consisted of 547 academic and administrative personnel at Chinese higher educational institutions (HEIs), and the hypothesized associations were examined through partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: Our results indicated that EI has no significant influence on learning outcomes. However, an indirect relationship between EI and learning outcomes is established through SDL and KMPs. Conclusions: This study strengthens the professional understanding of EI and supports that the personnel at HEIs should value SDL and KMPs, which in turn enhances their learning outcomes. Although EI has received increased importance in higher education institutions, there are few studies that have investigated the relationship of EI, SDL, KMP, and learning outcomes. This is one of the initial studies that has empirically examined the interface of EI and learning outcomes in HEIs and also provides timely insights into the understanding of the mediating role of SDL and KMP.
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Li, Chengfu, Ji Sun, Huameng Zhao, and Tingshan Dai. "Association between Frailty and Erectile Dysfunction among Chinese Elderly Men." BioMed Research International 2020 (July 8, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9247237.
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Objective. This study is aimed at assessing association between frailty and erectile dysfunction among Chinese elderly men. Methods. This community-based study was conducted with a sample of 341 Chinese elderly men (aged 60 to 83 years old) in Fuyang City (Anhui Province, China). Each of the participants completed a standard questionnaire, including demographics (age, height, weight, yearly income, educational status, comorbidity, lifestyle factors, etc.), medical and sexual history, and the Chinese version of Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) for assessing frailty and erectile dysfunction (ED). Results. The prevalence of ED and frailty in Chinese elderly men was 77.13% and 68.04%, respectively. Compared with the non-ED group, the ED group had increased age, spouse’s age, BMI, prevalence of diabetes, and scores of TFI and lower yearly income, educational levels, and ratio of irregular intercourse (less than once per week) (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that age (OR: 0.860, 95% CI: 0.763-0.969), diabetes (OR: 0.330, 95% CI: 0.165-0.661), irregular intercourse (OR: 3.416, 95% CI: 1.874-6.229), and scores of TFI (OR: 0.906, 95% CI: 0.846-0.970) were regarded as independent risk factors for ED (all P<0.05). And after adjusting for age, the TFI score had a negative significant association with the IIEF score (r=−0.134, P=0.013). Conclusion. This study confirmed the strong associations between ED and frailty among elderly men. Sexual health care for elderly men with ED should be assessed and taken addressed on the multidimensional assessments of frailty.
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Melnyk, Sergii. "STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM." Educational Analytics of Ukraine, no. 1 (2021): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2021-1-65-80.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of the national education and training system for the period of the country’s independence. Using statistical, comparative and monographic methods, factor and system analysis the key achievements during the formation of the national education and training system were identified, they consist primarily of the formation of legislative, institutional, personnel, financial and material support. The main problems that need to be addressed as a matter of priority are identified, namely, the low level of participation in the education and training of employers and other key stakeholders (professional associations, trade unions and other civil associations); imbalance of volumes of the supply and demand of experts and skilled workers within different fields of studies in the national and regional labor markets; difficulties in creating a new national qualifications system, etc. The most significant factors causing respective issues have been identified, in particular demographic, socio-economic, migration and political ones. New problems of political nature, advantages and disadvantages of authorities, relevant institutions, social partners of different levels in the process of modernization of the education and training system are considered in detail. Four scenarios are proposed (transformation, when the education and training system gradually adapts to changes in the economy and the labor market; modernization, which involves a systematic transformation of the educational sector using a clearly defined model, usually similar to European systems and framework qualifications; reformation, meaning that the most successful model of the market of skills and qualifications with its many components is «imported» to the maximum extent; author’s own approach). The general conclusion is to propose that the relevant decision-making bodies utilize the author’s approach, which provides for: maximum consideration of developments and regulators in the field of education and training in Ukraine; redistribution of certain functions and funding spent by certain central executive bodies, subordinate public institutions, the National and branch academies of sciences, etc., under a single collegial governing body; creating institutional support for a new model of the regulatory framework for education and training on the principle of public-private partnership, i.e. attracting available resources of stakeholders and their maximum coverage.
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Shamlidi, E. Yu. "MASS MEDIA LANGUAGE AND ITS ROLE IN TRANSLATION ACTIVITIES (BASED ON ENGLISH MEDIA TEXTS)." Russian Journal of Multilingualism and Education 12 (December 25, 2020): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2500-0748-2020-12-150-162.
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Reporting information by mass media reflects the current state of public and state systems and relations between them. Since modern Western media are sponsored and controlled by large political parties, associations and corporations, and the authors of texts and messages act as conductors of the ideology of these organizations, in modern media texts a purely informative function (impartial news reporting) is increasingly combined with the intention of influencing the audience with the goal of using both purely linguistic and some extra-linguistic means ‒ to form in the addressee’s mind a certain picture of the modern world, at the behest of the ruling elites. In this light, knowledge of socio-political terminology (SPT), as well as of scientific, technical and humanitarian terms, which inevitably penetrate the media, provided that these terms acquire the status of social or political significance, is of particular importance for translators. On becoming generally known, the terms of various branches of scientific knowledge form, within SPT, special microfields which embrace the concepts of statehood, authorities and public order, administrative-territorial structure of the country, its social structure, systems of party and public associations, organizations; cultural life of society; rights and obligations of society members, international relations, institutions, state associations, their political systems, etc. Translators who track and assimilate the vocabulary of these microfields on a regular basis find it much easier to cope with the translation of pertinent texts. In this article particular attention is paid to the English-language newspaper information style: the headlines of publications, lexical and syntactic features of media texts, the modern tendency of mixing the official style with the colloquial one, means of achieving imagery, etc. The article notes an increasing use of evaluative and expressive vocabulary for certain pragmatic purposes. It also emphasizes that for the successful conduct of interpreting activities, translators need to pay special attention to the assimilation and knowledgeable acquisition of set expressions, clichés, their translation equivalents and analogues ‒ all to the point of automaticity.
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Shamlidi, E. Yu. "MASS MEDIA LANGUAGE AND ITS ROLE IN TRANSLATION ACTIVITIES (BASED ON ENGLISH MEDIA TEXTS)." Russian Journal of Multilingualism and Education 12 (December 25, 2020): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2500-0748-2020-12-150-162.
Full textAbstract:
Reporting information by mass media reflects the current state of public and state systems and relations between them. Since modern Western media are sponsored and controlled by large political parties, associations and corporations, and the authors of texts and messages act as conductors of the ideology of these organizations, in modern media texts a purely informative function (impartial news reporting) is increasingly combined with the intention of influencing the audience with the goal of using both purely linguistic and some extra-linguistic means ‒ to form in the addressee’s mind a certain picture of the modern world, at the behest of the ruling elites. In this light, knowledge of socio-political terminology (SPT), as well as of scientific, technical and humanitarian terms, which inevitably penetrate the media, provided that these terms acquire the status of social or political significance, is of particular importance for translators. On becoming generally known, the terms of various branches of scientific knowledge form, within SPT, special microfields which embrace the concepts of statehood, authorities and public order, administrative-territorial structure of the country, its social structure, systems of party and public associations, organizations; cultural life of society; rights and obligations of society members, international relations, institutions, state associations, their political systems, etc. Translators who track and assimilate the vocabulary of these microfields on a regular basis find it much easier to cope with the translation of pertinent texts. In this article particular attention is paid to the English-language newspaper information style: the headlines of publications, lexical and syntactic features of media texts, the modern tendency of mixing the official style with the colloquial one, means of achieving imagery, etc. The article notes an increasing use of evaluative and expressive vocabulary for certain pragmatic purposes. It also emphasizes that for the successful conduct of interpreting activities, translators need to pay special attention to the assimilation and knowledgeable acquisition of set expressions, clichés, their translation equivalents and analogues ‒ all to the point of automaticity.
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Sundueva, Ekaterina V. "Lexis of Material Culture in the Monument “Truthful Record about the Mongols of the Qing Empire”." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 17, no. 4 (2019): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2019-17-4-28-37.
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The paper deals with the names of some items of material culture presented in the decree on attributes of an escort of the Manchurian governor Hung Taiji for the festive ceremony held in honor of granting him the title ‘Gracious Peaceful Bogdo-Khan’ in 1636. The decree is presented in the written monument “Truthful record about Mongols of the Qing Empire” published in Classic Mongolian in 2013 in Huhe-Hoto (People's Republic of China). It is revealed that naming of a number of objects under study was based on visual perception of their form and acoustical associations their action produced. So, names of such pieces of material culture as sarqalǰi ‘staff mace’, ǰida ‘spear’, etc. are connected with the image ‘something peaked’, baγbur ‘bowl’ with the image ‘something stocky’, longqu ‘bottle’ with the image ‘something big-bellied’, qubing ‘jug’ with the image ‘something narrow (about a neck)’, manǰilγa ‘fringe’ with the image ‘something long, trailing’. Etymologies of the words saγadaγ ‘quiver’ from a preverb *saγa [tata-] ‘to snatch out’, manǰilγa ‘fringe’, etc. are presented for the first time. The naming of tuγ ‘banner’ occurred on the basis of acoustical perception of its fluttering. The list contains loanwords from Chinese and Sanskrit. The analysis of the Chinese variants of lexemes showed that in certain cases their meaning is more precise, than that of Mongolian words. Consideration of compound words revealed a similar mechanism of naming process for some other pieces of material culture in Mongolian and Chinese of the 17th century. In the Chinese variant of the monument the word 撒带sā dài is a transliteration of the Mongolian word saγadaγ ‘quiver’. It demonstrates the importance of the Mongolian culture in the life of the Manchurian emperors’ Court. Mongolian, in turn, borrows some elements from Chinese which are used as an explanation to the main component of a compound word. So, the consideration of the etymology of the words designating elements of material culture showed some specificity of Mongolian in the way it reflects both real and mental worlds.
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Osilbekova, D. A. "Transonimization of Anthroponyms in the Names of Cafes and Restaurants of Moscow." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 3, 2020 (2020): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-3-331-338.
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The article deals with anthroponymic names of Moscow cafes and restaurants. The reuse of anthroponym as an ergonomic name is one of the cases of transonimization. In addition to the nominative function the names of catering enterprises have informative and influential functions. Titles-antroponyms can carry the following types of information about the institution: 1) national cuisine, 2) origin of the owner, 3) concept of the institution: target audience, room interior, animation, etc. The function is manifested in associations caused by anthroponyms: nostalgic memories of the homeland, iconic historical figures, favorite literary works, films and their characters. Anthroponymic names most often indicate the origin of the cuisine. As the analysis of the material has shown, the most informative are the precedent personal names. As a rule, they belong to famous people of Russia and Western Europe and are used as names of institutions offering dishes of Russian and European cuisine.
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Abakumova, N. N., and A. V. Fakhrutdinova. "Foreign Language Environment of the University as a Resource for Development of Leading Universities of Russia (2014–2019 Monitoring Results)." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 3, 2020 (2020): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-3-43-55.
Full textAbstract:
The presented study updates the problem of assessing the development efficiency of the foreign language environment in the leading research universities of Russia. The necessity of forming the language environment for the universities participating in the “TOP 5–100” project is shown. The monitoring study of the level of formation of the foreign language environment in universities is conducted in 21 leading universities, starting from 2014. In the experimental work the results of the six-year monitoring study have been summarized, which allowed identifying and fixing the mechanisms of language environment improvement: the development and implementation of English language for Bachelor, Specialist and Master programs; active language practice, the creation of special structures in the university, etc. The active development of the English-speaking environment in the higher educational institutions is shown, which attracts foreign applicants, promotes the participation of the teaching staff and students in international professional communities and associations.
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Maslak, O., K. Doroshkevych, and I. Salata. "Principles of formation and development of clustering systems of the national economy." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 86 (February 26, 2018): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8613.
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The article deals with the process of formation and development of clustering systems of the national economy, which ensures the generation of competitive advantages of enterprises, regions and the state as a whole and achievement of their competitiveness, ensuring rapid economic growth, achieving synergy effects, promoting the development of national trade and the formation of a favorable business environment, etc. At the same time, clusterization is considered in the article as a process of creating clusters and other network structures to achieve the goals of these associations by providing appropriate conditions and taking organizational and economic measures by their participants. Clusters are proposed to be considered as open systems, in which material, financial, labor and other resources, separate economic units, institutions, authorities are located at the entrance, and at the output – are products, profit, synergy effect, innovations, etc. The clusters consist of management and managed subsystems. Cluster management bodies may be formed from representatives of a managed subsystem, regional executive bodies or in a mixed form. The achievements of the mentioned advantages in the article are grounded from the point of observing the principles of clusterization as the basic laws, rules and regularities of the formation of cluster entities. The principles of clusterization in the article are summarized in the local (geographic localization, the tightness of economic ties, voluntary association of enterprises and organizations in clusters, systemic, resource support, public-private partnership, etc.), regional (priority of stimulating innovation activity, support of small and medium enterprises, systematic and interrelated with the strategic tasks of the development of related industries, unity and collegiality, etc.) and national (polycentrism, priority, the unity of the economic space, legality, etc.). This classification is aimed at forming a comprehensive understanding of clustering, gaining experience in its implementation, developing processes for the formation of clustering systems of the national economy.
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Ivanchenko, Vitalii. "Strengthening state influence on ensuring sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture." Ekonomika APK 312, no. 10 (October 28, 2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202010108.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the article is to reveal the principal features of strengthening state influence on ensuring sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture. Research methods. The research uses dialectical methods of scientific knowledge of the process of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture, primarily analysis and synthesis. Empirical methods of cognition, such as description, measurement and comparison, were also used to characterize the state's influence on the process of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture. Research results. It is established that the system of strengthening state influence on sustainable development of entrepre-neurship in agriculture should be comprehensive, and cover all agricultural producers, especially representatives of micro and small businesses, be aimed at the main producer and enshrined in law. Among the immediate tasks of the legal framework - to regulate the system of business support in agriculture through the introduction of subsidies, soft loans, preferential tax periods, etc. In addition, the strengthening of state influence should take place through the institutions of encouragement of producers, institutions of information exchange and innovation, institutions of cooperation and associations. Scientific novelty. The main problems arising at the level of sustainable development of entrepreneurship are characterized and the main organizational foundations for strengthening state influence on ensuring sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture are revealed. Practical significance. The main organizational principles of strengthening state influence should be used as a basis for the development of a number of regulations, policies and strategies for agricultural development. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 12.
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PLOTNIKOV, Oleksiy, Olena BORZENKO, and Tamara PANFILOVA. "FISCAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 11-12 (December 7, 2018): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.11.148.
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Transformation processes of the fiscal sphere of the EU concerning the development of fiscal institutions in the context of the system-forming component of both integration and disintegration processes are considered. The EU fiscal institutions play an important role in shaping the core, not only from the economic side, but also from the political one. It is thanks to the fiscal institutions that the materialization of the political influence on the EU member states and the feedback is carried out. The transformational processes of the fiscal sphere are related to: expenditure policies (volume optimization and streamlining of the structure and increase of the efficiency of spending public resources), income generation (adjusting the taxation system, increasing the efficiency of administering tax payments, reducing the shadow economy, improving the conditions of lending to the real sector, improving the state support of small and medium business) and financing the public administration sector (reducing the deficit of the state social funds, limiting the volume and forming the optimal structure of government borrowing), etc. The essence of the main functions of the EU fiscal institutions (generating, distributing and controlling) as the core-forming elements of its architecture in the constructive and destructive directions of development is determined. The current state of development of transformational processes in the European Union in two main directions – constructive and destructive – is described. The constructive direction implies further enlargement of the European Union with the use of appropriate procedures. Destructive direction involves the exit of countries from the European Union and the restoration of all attributes of a country that is not part of these or other associations. It is formulated that fiscal institutions in the destructive direction of development will play a suppressive role. Moreover, the higher level of integration was achieved by this country, the more restrictive the role of fiscal institutions will be in the case of destructive processes. For Ukraine, the emphasis on fiscal institutions in their respective capacities may be useful for further deepening of cooperation with the European Union and adjusting already implemented steps.