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Piris, Yolande, and Nathalie Guibert. "Variety perception and attitude toward digital assortments." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 12 (December 9, 2019): 1353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-09-2018-0200.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ variety perception for online grocery assortments and, more generally, to better understand consumers’ attitude toward digital assortments. In particular, this research examines the influence of the organization of products that results from assortment structure and display. Design/methodology/approach Starting from the observation that previous work on traditional assortments is not sufficient to understand consumers’ perceptions and attitudes, the paper adopts a hypothetico-deductive approach and develops four hypotheses. These hypotheses are tested using an experimental approach. Findings This research enables us to see that both attitude and variety perception are affected by the way products are organized on a website. Furthermore, contrary to what the literature on traditional assortments allows one to assume, the assortment corresponding to a more positive attitude is not perceived as being the more varied. As a result, our findings reconsider the link between variety perception and consumer assortment evaluation for digital assortments. Research limitations/implications The work is based on data collected for only one product category. It would be interesting to explore other categories also, to determine if the structure of the assortment and variety perception have stable effects. Practical implications The results inform retailers that they must carefully design the display of their digital assortments. If a retailer wants to enhance variety perception, the authors recommend using an assortment organized by brand, or presenting all the products together. If, instead, the goal is to encourage a positive attitude, the retailer should opt for assortments sorted by attribute or that present all products together. Originality/value This research adopts a new orientation on assortment perception and evaluation, considering the specificities involved in digitizing assortments. In addition, this research studies a real product category and puts respondents in experimental conditions close to reality.
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Lojo, Ahmet, Jusuf Musić, Besim Balić, and Admir Avdagić. "Wood assortment tables of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) for Canton 10 of Federation B&H." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 50, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2020.v50.i2.344.
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Current tables of wood assortments for the most important tree species in B&H were made almost 50 years ago. There is an indication that real forest wood assortments are different than the one derived from assortment tables in-use, both in terms of quality and dimensions. In the meantime, from the creation of the existing tables until today, the standards of production of forest wood assortments have changed, so that the fact of inaccuracy of the existing assortment tables is unquestionable. This continually creates a variety of problems in the ongoing operations of forestry companies. The main aim of this paper is to create wood assortment tables whose assortment of wood products will correlate with the current market conditions. The research was conducted in the area of the Canton 10 in FB&H. A sample of 393 spruce trees was used as a database to produce this paper. The bucking of the sample trees was carried out in accordance with the valid norms and customer requirements with regards to the dimensions of forest wood products. Data processing was performed using methods of simple and multiple regressions, variance analysis as well as their combinations by the Generalized Linear Models method. Independent factors were breast diameter (DBH), technical quality class and the height of the trees. The share of wood assortments was determined through 10 different mathematical models, and it was found that all independent variables had a statistically significant influence on the dependent variables- volume of particular assortments or group of assortments. The share of logs is growing rapidly with the increase of tree diameter and decreases with decreasing of their technical quality. The influence of tree height primarily correlated with tree volume increase. Trees having better assortment quality, have tree heights higher than average for the same diameter class. The results of the research are presented in the form of tables as percentage share of wood assortment classes. The obtained results can be used as wood assortment tables in the research area.
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Ruiz-Real, José Luis, Juan Carlos Gázquez-Abad, Irene Esteban-Millat, and Francisco J. Martínez-López. "The role of consumers’ attitudes in estimating consumer response to assortment composition." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 45, no. 7/8 (July 10, 2017): 782–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-09-2016-0163.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze consumers’ reaction to assortment composition. Design/methodology/approach This study examines several scenarios: private label (PL)-only assortments; mixed assortments (PL and national brands (NBs)), and in the latter case both small and large assortments. Consumers’ reaction is measured through three dependent variables: store image, PL purchase intention and store-switching intentions. The authors ran a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the influence of different explanatory aspects (product category involvement, attitude toward PL, value consciousness and assortment variety perception) on consumers’ reactions for each scenario. For this research, the authors carried out an online experiment with a sample of 1,400 individuals from a large panel of consumers. Findings Consumers react differently to different assortment compositions, giving importance to the differences between the three assortment models analyzed. The results show that the composition of the assortment, either according to its size or its structure, influences consumers’ response in a significant way. The results demonstrate that store image exclusively affects PL purchase intention in PL-only assortments. Only in mixed assortments is there a relationship between the assortment variety perception and store image, product category involvement and PL purchase intention, and both store image and value consciousness are related to store-switching intentions. Store-switching intentions decrease when consumers intend to purchase PL, but strictly in PL-only and large mixed assortments. Finally, value consciousness and variety perception are positively related to PL purchase intentions only in large mixed assortments. Research limitations/implications One limitation of this research is that it is restricted to the Spanish context. Second, the methodology is based on an online experiment, with the advantages and disadvantages that this entails. Third, the authors did not differentiate between high- and low-value PL which, if undertaken, could be of interest for observing how brand value affects the management of retail assortments. Finally, the authors did not differentiate regular buyers at these retail chains from those who are not. Practical implications The comparison between different assortment compositions helps the authors to draw some very interesting conclusions. The estimation of different consumers’ responses is ideal for providing retailers with recommendations on how to frame their assortment strategies. Thus, the main recommendation of this study for retailers is to look for a “balance” between PL and NBs, i.e., to offer mixed assortments. Originality/value Aside from mixed assortments, this study estimates the consequences of assortments that are exclusively PL. The authors proposed and deployed a SEM, so this paper contributes to the retailing field by including multiple dependent variables – store image, PL purchase intention and store-switching intentions. The authors conducted an online experiment containing “real” brands, which is another contribution as it enables consumers’ response to be estimated in a “real” environment.
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Danilovic, Milorad, Milun Krstic, Damjan Pantic, and Bratislav Matovic. "Assortment structure in beech coppice stands in the Crni vrh region." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 87 (2003): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0387103d.
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Assortment structure in beech coppice stands was studied for the region of Crni vrh. Assortment structure was determined according to the standard (JUS) in two ecological units. The study results show that the assortment value structure significantly increases with the increase of tree diameter and that there are no statistically significant differences in assortment structure between the selected ecological units. The dependence of the assortment value structure on tree diameter can be represented by an exponential function. The value percentage of assortments made of stem wood in theoretical crosscutting depending on tree diameter has an increasing tendency, except for the wood for excelsior.
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Bradlow, Eric T., and Vithala R. Rao. "A Hierarchical Bayes Model for Assortment Choice." Journal of Marketing Research 37, no. 2 (May 2000): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.37.2.259.18733.
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In this research, the authors merge an established methodology—hierarchical Bayesian modeling—and an existing utility model— Farquhar and Rao's (1976) balance model—to describe individual choices among assortments of multiattributed items. This approach facilitates addressing three managerial questions of direct importance: (1) Which assortment of a given size has the most customers for whom it is the preferred assortment (and what fraction of customers)? (2) Which products should be added to a given assortment to maximize the fraction of customers who can find their most preferred assortment? and (3) For a given assortment, what type of customer is likely to purchase it? The model is applied to assortment choices constructed from a set of eight popular magazines with five measured attributes: business, current events, human interest stories, sports, and technology. The analysis indicates that consumers are heterogeneous: Some customers are price sensitive and unresponsive to the magazine attributes, and others are sensitive to the magazine features but do not necessarily want more of them. In addition, the authors observe that many subjects do not prefer varied assortments; rather, consumers focus on purchasing magazines with high levels of the attribute they want.
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Danilovic, Milorad, and Damjan Pantic. "Assortment structure in beech coppice stands in Boljevac region." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 89 (2004): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0489091d.
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Assortment structure in beech coppice stands was studied in the area of Boljevac. Assortment structure was evaluated according to the articles of the valid standard (JUS). The assortments represented in the assortment structure, based on the stemwood quality are: Logs for matches, sawlogs I II and III classes, mine timber, technical roundwood, pulpwood, wood for excelsior and fuelwood, I and II classes. The results of the analyses show that the value assortment structure (sum of the values of assortments produced from one tree) grows significantly with the increase of tree diameter and this dependence is presented by a degree function. The value percentage of logs for matches, sawlogs of the I and II classes, technical roundwood, mine timber, fuelwood and pulpwood, grows with the increase of the tree diameter. The occurrence of better quality logs (sawlogs) in these stands, in contrast to the beech coppice stand in the area of Crni Vrh results from the more favourable diameter structure. There are no statistically significant differences between the value assortment structure on the established sample plot series within the same locality, consequently the data ere united. Because of the differences in stand age, the data are not unified for the localities, although there are no statistically significant differences between value assortment structure for diameter degrees represented in them. False heart (red heart) is one of very significant defects of beech wood, and its incidence, inter alia, depends on tree age. The low effect of this defect of wood resulted in a significant percentage of logs for matches. Along with the value assortment structure this paper also presents the percentage of assortments depending on tree diameter.
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Briesch, Richard A., Pradeep K. Chintagunta, and Edward J. Fox. "How Does Assortment Affect Grocery Store Choice?" Journal of Marketing Research 46, no. 2 (April 2009): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.46.2.176.
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The authors investigate the impact of product assortments, along with convenience, prices, and feature advertising, on consumers’ grocery store choice decisions. Extending recent research on store choice, they add assortments as a predictor, specify a general structure for heterogeneity, and estimate store choice and category needs models simultaneously. Using household-level market basket data, the authors find that, in general, assortments are more important than retail prices in store choice decisions. They find that the number of brands offered in retail assortments has a positive effect on store choice for most households, while the number of stockkeeping units per brand, sizes per brand, and proportion of stockkeeping units that are unique to the store (a proxy for presence of private labels) have a negative effect on store choice for most households. They also find more heterogeneity in response to assortment than to either convenience or price. Therefore, optimal assortments depend on the particular preferences of a retailer's shoppers. Finally, the authors find a correlation in household-level responses to assortment and travel distance (r = .43), which suggests that the less important an assortment is to a consumer's store choices, the more the consumer values convenience, and vice versa.
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Liu, Nan, Yuhang Ma, and Huseyin Topaloglu. "Assortment Optimization Under the Multinomial Logit Model with Sequential Offerings." INFORMS Journal on Computing 32, no. 3 (July 2020): 835–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2019.0910.
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We consider assortment optimization problems, where the choice process of a customer takes place in multiple stages. There is a finite number of stages. In each stage, we offer an assortment of products that does not overlap with the assortments offered in the earlier stages. If the customer makes a purchase within the offered assortment, then the customer leaves the system with the purchase. Otherwise, the customer proceeds to the next stage, where we offer another assortment. If the customer reaches the end of the last stage without a purchase, then the customer leaves the system without a purchase. The choice of the customer in each stage is governed by a multinomial logit model. The goal is to find an assortment to offer in each stage to maximize the expected revenue obtained from a customer. For this assortment optimization problem, it turns out that the union of the optimal assortments to offer in each stage is nested by revenue in the sense that this union includes a certain number of products with the largest revenues. However, it is still difficult to figure out the stage in which a certain product should be offered. In particular, the problem of finding an assortment to offer in each stage to maximize the expected revenue obtained from a customer is NP hard. We give a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for the problem when the number of stages is fixed.
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Petráš, R., J. Mecko, and V. Nociar. "Models of assortment yield tables for poplar clones." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 5 (May 22, 2008): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3/2008-jfs.
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The results of research on the production of raw timber assortments for the stands of poplar clones Robusta and I-214 in Slovakia are presented in this paper. Models of assortment yield tables were constructed, separately for each clone, in dependence on the yield class and stand age. The construction was based on the models of yield tables, stand assortment tables, models of external quality and damage to stems. Robusta clone produces by about 15–20% higher proportions of the highest quality assortments than I-214 clone. I-214 clone produces faster and higher proportions of average- and below-average quality assortments.
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Gál, J., and I. E. Bella. "Evaluation of stem taper functions for estimating log volume assortments." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71743-6.
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Using three recently fitted taper functions, this note evaluates the accuracy and precision of log volume assortment estimates for five major Saskatchewan timber species. All three functions showed similarly good performance for the five species examined. The results indicated that the magnitude of both absolute bias and standard error of estimate depended on the average volume of the particular log assortments; larger average volumes had greater bias and standard errors of estimate. The coefficients of variation were inversely related to average log assortment volume, with the smallest assortment volumes having the largest coefficients. This results from the high variation relative to those small averages. This also means that estimates of log volume assortments would always be less accurate than those of the entire merchantable stem. Key words: forest mensuaration, Saskatchewan, log volume estimation, stem taper functions
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Benoit, Ilgim Dara, and Elizabeth G. Miller. "The mitigating role of holistic thinking on choice overload." Journal of Consumer Marketing 34, no. 3 (May 8, 2017): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-07-2016-1889.
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Purpose This paper aims to demonstrate how and why holistic thinking mitigates the negative impact of large assortments on satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach Five between-subject experiments demonstrate the mitigating role of holism on choice overload across a variety of contexts. Findings While large assortments create overload feeling, holistic thinking mitigates the negative impact of overload feeling on satisfaction for both chronic (Studies 1a and 1b) and decision-specific (Studies 1b and 1c) holistic thinkers, as well as those who adopt a more holistic thinking style because of the decision goal (Study 2) or incidental priming (Study 3). Research limitations/implications This paper introduces a new moderator of choice overload effects – holistic thinking – and shows how it mitigates the negative indirect effect of assortment size on satisfaction. This paper contributes to the literature on assortment size effects and shows that even when assortment size increases overload feeling, this negative impact of assortment size can still be reduced. Practical implications Marketers with large assortments can reduce the negative impact of overload feeling and increase satisfaction by promoting the hedonic features of the products and encouraging holistic thinking. Similarly, consumers can reduce the negative impact of overload feeling by approaching their consumption more holistically either because of their individual traits or situational factors. Originality/value This research contributes a new moderator to the choice overload literature: holistic thinking. In doing so, it adopts a broader consideration of the decision-making process underlying overload effects and pinpoints how (i.e. by which path) holistic thinking mitigates the negative impact of large assortments.
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Fuksa, Dariusz, Beata Trzaskuś-Żak, Zdzisław Gałaś, and Arkadiusz Utrata. "An Evaluation of Practical Applicability of Multi-Assortment Production Break-Even Analysis based on Mining Companies." Archives of Mining Sciences 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2017-0003.
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Abstract In the practice of mining companies, the vast majority of them produce more than one product. The analysis of the break-even, which is referred to as CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) analysis (Wilkinson, 2005; Czopek, 2003) in their case is significantly constricted, given the necessity to include multi-assortment structure in the analysis, which may have more than 20 types of assortments (depending on the grain size) in their offer, as in the case of open-pit mines. The article presents methods of evaluation of break-even (volume and value) for both a single-assortment production and a multi-assortment production. The complexity of problem of break-even evaluation for multi-assortment production has resulted in formation of many methods, and, simultaneously, various approaches to its analysis, especially differences in accounting fixed costs, which may be either totally accounted for among particular assortments, relating to the whole company or partially accounted for among particular assortments and partially relating to the company, as a whole. The evaluation of the chosen methods of break-even analysis, given the availability of data, was based on two examples of mining companies: an open-pit mine of rock materials and an underground hard coal mine. The selection of methods was set by the available data provided by the companies. The data for the analysis comes from internal documentation of the mines – financial statements, breakdowns and cost calculations.
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Choi, Choongbeom, Anna S. Mattila, and Arun Upneja. "The Effect of Assortment Pricing on Choice and Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of Consumer Characteristics." Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 59, no. 1 (September 6, 2017): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938965517730315.
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Although consumer research has extensively examined the effect of product assortment on consumption choices, relatively little has been done on assortment pricing. To bridge that gap, we demonstrate that consumers react differently to assortments using parity versus differentiation pricing. Study 1, a field experiment, shows that the impact of assortment pricing on choice satisfaction is contingent on the level of uncertainty preference. For individuals with a low level of preference uncertainty, their choice satisfaction was significantly higher when all the menu items were priced at parity. Conversely, choice satisfaction was higher with varied pricing among people with high levels of preference uncertainty. In Study 2, we examine the moderating role of health consciousness on consumer reactions to parity versus differentiation pricing. The findings of Study 2 indicate that health consciousness influences consumer satisfaction with assortment pricing in a context of restaurant menus. Furthermore, findings from a moderated mediation analysis show that choice confidence is the psychological mechanism that underlies these effects. Taken together, these findings add to the relatively scant literature on assortment pricing.
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Ghuge, Rohan, Joseph Kwon, Viswanath Nagarajan, and Adetee Sharma. "Constrained Assortment Optimization Under the Paired Combinatorial Logit Model." Operations Research 70, no. 2 (March 2022): 786–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2021.2188.
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Assortment optimization involves selecting a subset of products to offer to customers in order to maximize revenue. Often, the selected subset must also satisfy some constraints, such as capacity or space usage. Two key aspects in assortment optimization are (1) modeling customer behavior and (2) computing optimal or near-optimal assortments efficiently. The paired combinatorial logit (PCL) model is a generic customer choice model that allows for arbitrary correlations in the utilities of different products. The PCL model has greater modeling power than other choice models, such as multinomial-logit and nested-logit. In “Constrained Assortment Optimization Under the Paired Combinatorial Logit Model,” Ghuge, Kwon, Nagarajan, and and Sharma provide efficient algorithms that find provably near-optimal solutions for PCL assortment optimization under several types of constraints. These include the basic unconstrained problem (which is already intractable to solve exactly), multidimensional space constraints, and partition constraints. The authors also demonstrate via extensive experiments that their algorithms typically achieve over 95% of the optimal revenues.
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Ilyenkova, Karolina Mikhaylovna. "The category management mechanisms by the company’s assortment policy implementation at all the assortment’s stages." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Экономика» = Perm University Herald. ECONOMY 17, no. 1 (2022): 100–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9960-2022-1-100-124.
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The purpose of this article is to verify the hypothesis put forward by the author which states that the current methods, including the author’s mechanism, utilized to design the company’s assortment policy can be applied at all stages of assortment management. This article looks at the concept of the company’s assortment policy as a synthesis of traditional and relationship marketing. The author formulates and describes five corporate assortment management stages based on the I.K. Adizes theory of corporate life cycle: primary assortment choice, active assortment expansion, assortment maturity, loss of the assortment relevance, disposal of assortment. The author proposes an organizational and economic mechanism for the introduction of category management in the corporate assortment policy, the category management being focused on the second–fourth stages of corporate assortment management. The mechanism consists of the following elements: a goal, objectives, organizational elements, tools, principles, stages of product category management. The algorithm of product category management, which is a part of the author’s mechanism, is divided into three blocks: development, implementation, and evaluation. Since the scientific literature is known to have many studies devoted to the practices of implementing existing mechanisms at the second–fourth stages of corporate assortment management, the author attempts to introduce the mechanism in a case study of a trading company which is at its first stage of assortment management. The article describes the results of this mechanism implementation. Having obtained the results of the study, the conclusions, and recommendations, the author has finalized the mechanism as a product category management algorithm mainly applied by trading companies at their first stage of assortment management.
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Pickersgill, H. "Imperfect Assortment." Science 324, no. 5933 (June 11, 2009): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.324_1367b.
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Williams, Jeffrey. "Genetic assortment." Nature 329, no. 6134 (September 1987): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/329024a0.
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Becerril-Arreola, Rafael, Randolph E. Bucklin, and Raphael Thomadsen. "Effects of Income Distribution Changes on Assortment Size in the Mainstream Grocery Channel." Management Science 67, no. 9 (September 2021): 5878–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3785.
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The authors study the effect of changes in the United States income distribution on assortment size in the mainstream grocery channel. Census demographics for 1,711 counties are matched to local assortment data from Nielsen in 944 grocery product categories from 2007 to 2013. The authors show that holding other demographics constant, assortment size increases with higher average income but decreases with greater income dispersion. This pattern holds for several specifications of assortments at the local level: the number of category Universal Product Codes (UPCs), number of brands, number of products per brand, and horizontal and vertical dimensions of assortments. The results suggest that increased income dispersion (holding other factors constant) reduces both horizontal and vertical differentiation. The effect sizes are similar for private labels and branded products, but large brands lose proportionally more UPCs than small brands when income dispersion rises. Potential mechanisms underlying the results are also explored, with evidence that a hollowing out of the middle class along with Engel’s law of expenditure explain a significant portion of this effect. The findings also offer insights for consumer packaged goods manufacturers that might help them allocate resources to expand shelf presence or defend current positions. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
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Manner, Jussi, Simon Berg, Martin Englund, Back Tomas Ersson, and Anders Mörk. "Innovative productivity improvements in forest operations: a comparative study of the Assortment Grapple using a machine simulator." Journal of Forest Science 66, No. 11 (November 30, 2020): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/104/2020-jfs.
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Because of generally small log piles, loading forwarders during thinning is time consuming. The Assortment Grapple, an innovative grapple with an extra pair of claws which facilitates the handling of two assortments during one loading crane cycle, has been designed to decrease forwarders’ loading time consumption. A standardized experiment was performed in a virtual thinning stand using a machine simulator with the objectives to form guidelines for working with the Assortment Grapple and to analyse its development potential. Four experienced operators participated in the study. According to the results, the Assortment Grapple’s accumulating function is beneficial only when there are no remaining trees between piles loaded during the same crane cycle. In such cases, none of participating operators lost time, and 3 of 4 operators saved time notably. The problem with the remaining trees is the extra time required to steer the crane tip around them. Therefore, a harvester should place those log piles that are later to be forwarded together in the same space with no remaining trees between the piles. Furthermore, we recommend that the Assortment Grapple’s usability will be improved by adding an own rocker switch on the forwarder’s controls to command the extra claws.
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Ščap, Špela, and Janez Zafran. "Metodologije spremljanja cen gozdnih lesnih sortimentov v izbranih državah." Acta Silvae et Ligni 128 (2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20315/asetl.128.3.
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Monitoring the development of forest wood assortment prices is important for successful strategic planning, especially in the event of sudden changes in the wood market and in the implementation of trade policy. Revenue from forest wood assortment sales remains the most important criterion influencing the activity of forest owners or managers in intensifying forest management. The article presents data sources for prices of forest wood assortments in Slovenia and selected European countries and describes the main features of individual methods of collecting roundwood prices. After reviewing each of the methods used to collect prices for forest wood assortments, it was found that they differ from each other. In order to monitor the roundwood market, it is necessary to know and consider the criteria for defining the individual or group of forest wood assortments that are included in the statistics. However, caution should be exercised when comparing prices between individual sources, as the naming and classification of forest wood assortments varies from country to country and, in some places, from region to region. The article also compares prices for quality class B spruce logs among five different data sources for Slovenia, Austria, Germany, and the Czech Republic.
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Rifkin, Jacqueline R., and Jordan Etkin. "Variety in Self-Expression Undermines Self-Continuity." Journal of Consumer Research 46, no. 4 (May 11, 2019): 725–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucz016.
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Abstract From dating profiles and social media accounts to online streaming services, consumers are often asked to express who they are by constructing an assortment. Apple Music, for example, asks new users to indicate “two or more” of their favorite types of music when they create an account. But while consumers might create such self-expressive assortments to communicate who they are, could the composition of these assortments also affect how people see themselves? Seven studies demonstrate that perceiving greater variety in a self-expressive assortment undermines self-continuity. This occurs because variety leads consumers to infer that their preferences are less stable, thereby decreasing the belief that their identity stays the same over time. Variety’s effect generalizes across multiple domains of self-expression (e.g., books, music, television) and has downstream consequences for service evaluation and even unrelated decision-making (e.g., intertemporal tradeoffs). The findings advance understanding of how choice shapes identity, the role of variety in consumers’ lives, and factors that affect self-continuity. The results also have implications for the marketers who encourage (and the consumers who construct) self-expressive assortments.
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Górna, Aleksandra, Marek Wieruszewski, Alicja Szabelska-Beręsewicz, Zygmunt Stanula, and Krzysztof Adamowicz. "Biomass Price Prediction Based on the Example of Poland." Forests 13, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122179.
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The aim of the study was to test the applicability of forecasting in the analysis of the variability of prices and supply of wood in Poland. It relies on the autoregressive integrated model (ARIMA) that takes into account the level of cyclic, seasonal, and irregular fluctuations and the long-term trend as tools for the assessment of the predictions of the prices of selected medium-sized wood assortments. Elements of the time series were determined taking into account the cyclical character of the quarterly distribution. The data included quarterly information about the supply (amount) and prices (value) of wood sold by state forests in the years 2018–2022. The analysis was conducted for the most popular assortments: logging slash (M2, M2ZE), firewood S4, and medium-sized wood S2AP. In the period studied (years 2018–2022), the average rate of price variation was widely scattered. The average rate of price variation for the M2ZE assortment amounted to 7%. The average rate for M2 assortment was 1%, while the medium-sized S2AP assortment displayed the greatest variation of 99%. This means that between 2018 and the present, the price increased by nearly 100%. No major fluctuations were observed for the S4 assortment and its average rate of variation amounted to 0%. The analysis found seasonal variation was observed only for S4 firewood, the price of which went up each year in October, November, and December. For this reason, the forecast was made with the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) version of the model. It is difficult to forecast the price of wood due to variations in the market and the impact of global factors related to fluctuations in supply.
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Prause, Felix, Kai Hoppmann-Baum, Boris Defourny, and Thorsten Koch. "The maximum diversity assortment selection problem." Mathematical Methods of Operations Research 93, no. 3 (May 25, 2021): 521–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00186-021-00740-2.
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AbstractIn this article, we introduce the Maximum Diversity Assortment Selection Problem (MDASP), which is a generalization of the two-dimensional Knapsack Problem (2D-KP). Given a set of rectangles and a rectangular container, the goal of 2D-KP is to determine a subset of rectangles that can be placed in the container without overlapping, i.e., a feasible assortment, such that a maximum area is covered. MDASP is to determine a set of feasible assortments, each of them covering a certain minimum threshold of the container, such that the diversity among them is maximized. Thereby, diversity is defined as the minimum or average normalized Hamming distance of all assortment pairs. MDASP was the topic of the 11th AIMMS-MOPTA Competition in 2019. The methods described in this article and the resulting computational results won the contest. In the following, we give a definition of the problem, introduce a mathematical model and solution approaches, determine upper bounds on the diversity, and conclude with computational experiments conducted on test instances derived from the 2D-KP literature.
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Alvites, Cesar, Giovanni Santopuoli, Markus Hollaus, Norbert Pfeifer, Mauro Maesano, Federico Valerio Moresi, Marco Marchetti, and Bruno Lasserre. "Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Quantifying Timber Assortments from Standing Trees in a Mixed and Multi-Layered Mediterranean Forest." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (October 23, 2021): 4265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214265.
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Timber assortments are some of the most important goods provided by forests worldwide. To quantify the amount and type of timber assortment is strongly important for socio-economic purposes, but also for accurate assessment of the carbon stored in the forest ecosystems, regardless of their main function. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) became a promising tool for timber assortment assessment compared to the traditional surveys, allowing reconstructing the tree architecture directly and rapidly. This study aims to introduce an approach for timber assortment assessment using TLS data in a mixed and multi-layered Mediterranean forest. It consists of five steps: (1) pre-processing, (2) timber-leaf discrimination, (3) stem detection, (4) stem reconstruction, and (5) timber assortment assessment. We assume that stem form drives the stem reconstruction, and therefore, it influences the timber assortment assessment. Results reveal that the timber-leaf discrimination accuracy is 0.98 through the Random Forests algorithm. The overall detection rate for all trees is 84.4%, and all trees with a diameter at breast height larger than 0.30 m are correctly identified. Results highlight that the main factors hindering stem reconstruction are the presence of defects outside the trunk, trees poorly covered by points, and the stem form. We expect that the proposed approach is a starting point for valorising the timber resources from unmanaged/managed forests, e.g., abandoned forests. Further studies to calibrate its performance under different forest stand conditions are furtherly required.
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Stepka, Thiago Floriani, and Klerysson Julio Farias. "ASSORTMENT DOWNGRADE CORRECTION FOR CLEAR CUT OF Pinus taeda L. WITH USE OF TRANSITION MATRIX." FLORESTA 51, no. 4 (September 28, 2021): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i4.73576.
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It is very important that the quantification of a forest's stock is determined efficiently and accurately, in such a way that more detailed information is desirable for the knowledge of the different multiproducts originated. However, the use of taper functions, a precise adjustment method for determining the assortments, does not foresee the appearance of defects in the stem that could disqualify the logs during the forest harvest. This study aimed to use the transition matrix method, a model traditionally used for predict the diametric structure of uneven-aged forests, to correct assortment estimates made by tapering functions, such as failures in tree processing, that provide a disqualification of the logs in the market values. Adapting the concept of the Markov Chain, for the correction of the assortment downgrade, the transition of the assortment classes can be obtained by dividing the actual volume obtained after the operation of the harvesting machine by the volume estimated by the tapering function. In this case, applying this alternative to the clear cut of a 16-year-old Pinus taeda plantation, it was possible to verify the existence of changes, mainly in assortment classes with a thin end diameter of 24 and 18 cm and presenting efficient correction in the estimates. In order to make realistic corrections to the assortment transition, probability matrices must be built for each compartment or forest site to be estimated. Divergences between processing machines or forestry operator’s qualifications can be decisive for the calibration of the model.
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RAMASESHAN, B., N. R. ACHUTHAN, and R. COLLINSON. "DECISION SUPPORT TOOL FOR RETAIL SHELF SPACE OPTIMIZATION." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 07, no. 03 (September 2008): 547–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622008003046.
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Efficient allocation of shelf space and product assortment can significantly improve a retailer's profitability. This paper addresses the problem from the perspective of an independent franchise retailer. A Category Management Decision Support Tool (CMDST) is proposed that efficiently generates optimal shelf space allocations and product assortments by using the existing scarce resources, resulting in increased profitability. CMDST utilizes two practical integrated category management models that maximize the total net profit in terms of decision variables expressing product assortment, shelf space allocation, review period, and order quantity. The implementation of the models demonstrates their robustness and that the net profit can be significantly increased when compared to the current industry practice.
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Soni, Pavleen. "Web-store image dimensions and online retail customer loyalty: investigating mediators and moderators." American Journal of Business 36, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajb-08-2020-0133.
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PurposeIn an era of burgeoning activity in online retail in India, the role of web-store design is paramount. Web-store design elements such as website functionality, brand assortment and product quality are expected to generate customer loyalty.Design/methodology/approachUsing data collected from 553 students from two universities in north India, the present study investigates the indirect effect of web-store dimensions (through website functionality, brand assortment and product quality) on online store loyalty via an enjoyment state (flow) and customer satisfaction. Serial mediation has been analysed through PROCESS macro developed by Hayes version 3.0. In addition to this, the moderating role of gender and purchase frequency has also been investigated.FindingsThe present study renders support to serial mediation between website functionality, flow, customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, the path between brand assortment and loyalty is more strongly mediated by customer satisfaction only. Males experience less flow as compared to females while handling brand assortment on websites. The three-way interaction between brand assortment, gender and purchase frequency is also statistically significant.Originality/valueThe study examines the manner in which online retailers can choose to build customer loyalty when they try to build retail image using web store functionality and /or product/brand assortments. The study offers insights to retailers about how and when to focus on hedonism versus customer satisfaction or both of them in conjunction to enhance customer loyalty. This study is important as it investigates the relationships in Indian scenario witnessing a high rate of growth in online retail which can tremendously affect these relationships.
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Tan, Lay Peng, and Jack Cadeaux. "Brand and stock-keeping-unit (SKU) assortments, assortment changes and category sales." International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research 21, no. 2 (May 2011): 161–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2011.562682.
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Immorlica, Nicole, Brendan Lucier, Jieming Mao, Vasilis Syrgkanis, and Christos Tzamos. "Combinatorial Assortment Optimization." ACM Transactions on Economics and Computation 9, no. 1 (March 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3434415.
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Assortment optimization refers to the problem of designing a slate of products to offer potential customers, such as stocking the shelves in a convenience store. The price of each product is fixed in advance, and a probabilistic choice function describes which product a customer will choose from any given subset. We introduce the combinatorial assortment problem, where each customer may select a bundle of products. We consider a choice model in which each consumer selects a utility-maximizing bundle subject to a private valuation function, and study the complexity of the resulting optimization problem. Our main result is an exact algorithm for additive k -demand valuations, under a model of vertical differentiation in which customers agree on the relative value of each pair of items but differ in their absolute willingness to pay. For valuations that are vertically differentiated but not necessarily additive k -demand, we show how to obtain constant approximations under a “well-priced” condition, where each product’s price is sufficiently high. We further show that even for a single customer with known valuation, any sub-polynomial approximation to the problem requires exponentially many demand queries when the valuation function is XOS and that no FPTAS exists even when the valuation is succinctly representable.
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Lockhart, Robert S. "A Cognitive Assortment." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 32, no. 1 (January 1987): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/026646.
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Sanz, Blanca, Jukka Malinen, Sanna Sirparanta, Jussi Peuhkurinen, Vesa Leppänen, Timo Melkas, Kirsi Riekki, Tuomo Kauranne, Mikko Vastaranta, and Timo Tokola. "Integrating Detailed Timber Assortments into Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS)-Based Assessments of Logging Recoveries." Forests 12, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091221.
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The methodology presented here can assist in making timber markets more efficient when assessing the value of harvestable timber stands and the amounts of timber assortments during the planning of harvesting operations. Information on wood quality and timber assortments is essential for wood valuation and procurement planning as varying wood dimensions and qualities may be utilized and refined in different places, including sawmills, plywood mills, pulp mills, heating plants or combined heat and power plants. We investigate here alternative approaches for generating detailed timber assortments for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and birch (Betula spp.) from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, aerial images, harvester data and field data. For this purpose, we used 665 circular plots, and logging recovery information recorded from 249 clear-cut stands using cut-to-length harvesters. We estimated timber assortment volumes, economic values and wood paying capabilities (WPC) for each stand in different bucking scenarios, and used the resulting timber assortment estimates to assess logging recoveries. The bucking scenarios were (1) bucking-to-value using maximum sawlog and pulpwood volumes excluding quality (theoretical maximum), and (2) bucking-to-value using sawlog lengths at 30 cm intervals for Norway spruce and Scots pine and veneer logs of lengths 4.7 m, 5.0 m, 6.0 m and 6.7 m for birch, either excluding quality (the usual business practice) or including quality (a novel business practice). The results showed that our procedure can assist in locating stands that are likely to be more valuable and have the desired timber assortment distributions. We conclude that the method can estimate WPC with root mean square errors of 28.7%, 66.0% and 45.7% in Norway spruce, Scots pine and birch, respectively, for sawlogs and 19.3%, 63.7% and 29.5% for pulpwood.
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Olena, SIMIACHKO. "PET FOOD СLASSIFICATION." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 36, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2020(36)06.
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Background. The assortment of products for pets is very wide and includes various subgroups. The promising market for these products is supported by data from the pet food market, which is one of the most dynamic in the world. However, other subgroups of these products are practically not covered in the domestic literature, there are no works on the classification of the assortment of goods for animals. The aim of the article is to develop a classification of food for them based on an analysis of the assortment of products for pets. Materials and methods. General scientific and special methods of cognition of economic processes are applied: analysis and synthesis, system approach, comparison and generalization. Information base of the research: official data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, as well as the assortment of goods for animals presented in online stores. Results. In accordance with the current classifiers, separate groupings that directly relate to products for pets are provided only for feed and brushes for caring for animals. At the UKTZED product category level, dog or cat food packaged for retail is classified according to the content of starch, glucose or glucose syrup, maltodextrin or maltodextrin syrup, lactic products. According to the results of the analysis of the assortment of goods in the category "Products for animals" (or "Pet goods") in most online stores, including specialized ones, the attribute "Animal species" is used at the highest level of classification. At the next level of classification, products for a particular species of animals are divided into the groups "Food", "Care and hygiene", "Toys", "Utensils" and others. Another method to grouping this category is that the assortment of these goods is divided into 2–4 subgroups according to their functional purpose ("Food", "Toys", "Accessories", "Hygiene and care"), and at the next level – by species of animals for which the goods are intended. The largest share in the assortment of products for pets is food. The assortment of food for dogs and cats is classified according to almost identical characteristics: depending on the age, breed, activity and state of the animal’s body, by the type of food, the main source of protein in the food, therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, class, type of packaging, mass or volume of feed in the package. The assortment of food for birds and fish is also complex: the proposed classification includes 9 characteristics. Significantly fewer traits were used to classify the assortment of food for rodents and reptiles (5 and 7 traits, respectively). Conclusion.The market of goods for pets in Ukraine is promising, given its large potential capacity, which today is limited by the low paying capacity of the population. The assortment of goods for pets is wide and includes a significant number of assortments grouped and types of goods. The classification of pet food developed in this work indicates that the assortment of these products is complex and can be classified in at least 5-10 signs, depending on the type of pet for which the feed is assigned.
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Alvites, Cesar, Marco Marchetti, Bruno Lasserre, and Giovanni Santopuoli. "LiDAR as a Tool for Assessing Timber Assortments: A Systematic Literature Review." Remote Sensing 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 4466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184466.
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Forest ecosystems strongly contribute to the mitigation of climate change impacts through the carbon stored in forests and through harvested wood products, such as sawed wood and furniture, which are obtained from many types of timber assortments. Timber assortments are defined as log sections of specific dimensions (log length and maximum/minimum end diameters), gathered from felled trunks, that have both specific commercial timber utilisation and economic value. However, it is challenging to discriminate and assess timber assortment types, especially within a forest stand before the forest has been harvested. Accurate estimations of timber assortments are a fundamental prerequisite in supporting forest holdings and assisting practitioners in the optimisation of harvesting activities and promoting forest wood chains, in addition to forest policy and planning. Based on the georeferenced points cloud tool, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a powerful technology for rapidly and accurately depicting forest structure, even if the use of LiDAR for timber assortments estimation is lacking and poorly explored. This systematic literature review aimed to highlight the state-of-the-art applications of the LiDAR systems (spaceborne; airborne, including unmanned aerial UASs; and terrestrial) to quantify and classify different timber assortment types. A total of 304 peer-reviewed papers were examined. The results highlight a constant increment of published articles using LiDAR systems for forest-related aspects in the period between 2000 and 2021. The most recurring investigation topics in LiDAR studies were forest inventory and forest productivity. No studies were found that used spaceborne LiDAR systems for timber assortment assessments, as these were conditioned by the time and sample size (sample size = ~12 m/~25 m of laser footprint and 0.7 m/60 m of space along the track for ICESat-2, GEDI and time = since 2018). Terrestrial LiDAR systems demonstrated a higher performance in successfully characterising the trees belonging to an understory layer. Combining airborne/UAS systems with terrestrial LiDAR systems is a promising approach to obtain detailed data concerning the timber assortments of large forest covers. Overall, our results reveal that the interest of scientists in using machine and deep learning algorithms for LiDAR processes is steadily increasing.
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Valšíková, M., J. Králová, and I. Belko. "Evaluation of vegetable pepper assortment." Horticultural Science 31, No. 2 (November 25, 2011): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3793-hortsci.
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In the period between 2001 and 2003 selected biological, morphological and technological characteristics were experimentally investigated in the pepper assortment. 12 traits that are important characteristics of individual varieties were studied for different growing methods and for utilisation in breeding work.
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Petráš, Rudolf, Julián Mecko, Michal Bošeľa, and Vladimír Šebeň. "Wood quality and value production in mixed fir-spruce-beech stands: long-term research in the Western Carpathians." Forestry Journal 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2016-0010.
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Abstract Stem quality and damage was evaluated in mixed spruce-fir-beech stands. Moreover, an assortments structure was determined with their financial value. Results were compared with pure spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands. Repeated measurements on 31 long-term research plots, stand assortment models, assortment yield models and value yield models were used. Stem quality of fir and spruce was only slightly lower in mixed stands compared to pure stands but beech stem quality was considerably worse in mixed stands. Fir and spruce had slightly lower proportions of better IIIA quality logs and higher proportions of IIIB quality in mixed stands. Beech had worse assortment structure than spruce and fir, in general. Pure beech stands had higher proportions of better I–IIIA quality assortments than mixed stands by 1–7%. Fir and spruce average value production (€ m−3) culminated at about 56 and 62 cm mean diameters. Almost the same value production was found in pure stands. In these stands it culminated at the mean diameter of 58 and 60 cm. Beech produced substantially less value on the same sites. In mixed stands, its value production culminated at the mean diameter of 40 cm. In pure stands, it culminated at the mean diameter of 36 cm. Although the production was found to be similar in both mixed and pure forests, higher damage intensity and less stem quality in mixed forests suggest that the pure forests can be more profitable.
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Jena, Sanjay Dominik, Andrea Lodi, Hugo Palmer, and Claudio Sole. "A Partially Ranked Choice Model for Large-Scale Data-Driven Assortment Optimization." INFORMS Journal on Optimization 2, no. 4 (October 2020): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoo.2019.0037.
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The assortment of products carried by a store has a crucial impact on its success. However, finding the right mix of products to attract a large portion of the customers is a challenging task. Several mathematical models have been proposed to optimize assortments. Most of them are based on discrete choice models that represent the buying behavior of the customers. Among them, rank-based choice models have been acknowledged for representing well high-dimensional product substitution effects and, therefore, reflect customer preferences in a reasonably realistic manner. In this work, we extend the concept of (strictly) fully ranked choice models to models with partial ranking that additionally allow for indifference among subsets of products, that is, on which the customer does not have a strict preference. We show that partially ranked choice models are theoretically equivalent to fully ranked choice models. We then propose an embedded column-generation procedure to efficiently estimate partially ranked choice models from historical transaction and assortment data. The subproblems involved can be efficiently solved by using a growing preference tree that represents partially ranked preferences, enabling us to learn preferences and optimize assortments for thousands of products. Computational experiments on artificially generated data and a case study on real industrial retail data suggest that our proposed methods outperform existing algorithms in terms of scalability, prediction accuracy, and quality of the obtained assortments.
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Батурин, Kirill Baturin, Петровский, Vladislav Petrovskiy, Малинников, and Petr Malinnikov. "The method of bucking whips and accounting of received roundwood." Forestry Engineering Journal 4, no. 3 (December 8, 2014): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6285.
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The article is devoted to developing a method of cross-cutting of whips to assortments, using the data set as a percentage of assortment plan or through the diameters of logs, as well as ac-counting technology for volumes of produced roundwood. The use of information technology in the CTL job of bucking whips, allows to take into account the specifics of the produc-tion of enterprise, consumer applications, mi-nimizing wastes of timber production, with an increase in the volume of business output assortments.
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Hart, Cathy, and Mohammed Rafiq. "The dimensions of assortment: A proposed hierarchy of assortment decision making." International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research 16, no. 3 (July 2006): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593960600697063.
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Caro, Felipe, Victor Martínez-de-Albéniz, and Paat Rusmevichientong. "The Assortment Packing Problem: Multiperiod Assortment Planning for Short-Lived Products." Management Science 60, no. 11 (November 2014): 2701–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1991.
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Posilkina, Olga, Iryna Bondarieva, Volodymyr Malyi, Iryna Timanyuk, and Zhanna Mala. "Peculiarities of effective management of products assortment depending on different sizes of pharmacy chains." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 2 (30) (April 30, 2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2021.230287.
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The aim of the work is to study the features of effective management of product's assortment in small, medium and large pharmacy chains.
Materials and methods. The study of the features of the assortment policy of pharmacies that are part of pharmacy chains of different sizes was conducted using a questionnaire of 421 heads of pharmacies. The relationship between the size of the pharmacy chain and the approaches used to form the product's assortment is studied and the presence of the procedure of product's assortment formation in pharmacies is analyzed using Pearson's criteria c2 and c2 maximum likelihood (M-L c2). The importance of the influence of the size of the pharmacy network on the scores of the efficiency of the business process of forming the product range, as well as its width and intensity of updating using non-parametric analysis of variance Kraskal-Wallis; Manfer-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction for pairwise comparisons of pharmacy network clusters and correlation analysis. The presence of drugs in treatment protocols was analyzed using the Z-test to compare the frequency of drug administration. Peculiarities of introduction and withdrawal of drugs and medical products to the range of different size pharmacy chains criteria c2 Pearson's and maximum likelihood (M-L c2) are determined. System and logical analysis is used to systematize the existing approaches to product's assortment management in pharmacy chains of different sizes.
Results. It is established that with the increase in the size of pharmacy chains the tendency to use a centralized approach to the analysis and formation of the range in chains increases, when the list of assortment items is fully created and approved at the head office of the chain. The importance of the relationship between the breadth of the assortment of pharmacies and the size of the chain, which includes a pharmacy. Thus, large and mega-chains support the assortment, which on average includes up to 8.5 thousand items of medicines and medical devices, medium - 4-5 thousand assortment's items, and in half of the establishments of small pharmacy chains the range may include from 2,5 to 3 thousand names of medicines and medical devices. It is established that regardless of the size of the pharmacy chain, the inclusion of medicines / medical products in the range of pharmacies most often takes into account the factor of seasonality of demand and taking into account the core range, i.e. the list of 100-150 most popular items in the pharmaceutical market. When withdrawing medicines or medical products from the assortment of pharmacies from all three clusters are often guided by indicators of low profitability of sales and lack of orders for goods for more than three months.
Conclusions. The analysis of the assortment policy of pharmacy chains of different sizes showed that in most of the studied institutions it is quite effective. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the effectiveness of the formation and analysis of the assortment is achieved through the use of different approaches to the centralization of this business process depending on the size of the pharmacy chain
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Kwon, Eunjin, and Anna Mattila. "Comparing benefit- and attribute-based menu assortments: an exploratory study." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 27, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-02-2015-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the joint effects of menu pages (single page vs multiple pages) and assortment organization (benefit- vs attribute-based) on consumers’ perceptions of variety with large assortments. Design/methodology/approach A 2 (assortment structure: single page vs multiple pages)×2 (assortment organization: benefit- vs attribute-based) experimental between-subjects design was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results suggest that with a one-page tea menu, participants perceived greater variety with the attribute-based (e.g. black teas, herbal teas, green teas, and oolong teas) menu than with the (e.g. energy-boosting, stress-relief, weight loss, and immune system-improvement) benefit-based menu. Conversely, when the menu was displayed on four pages, participants showed similar perceptions of variety across the two menu types. Research limitations/implications In some contexts, 20 menu items may not be considered a large assortment. Also, the authors did not test consumers’ preexisting preferences. Practical implications When food service operators offer an extensive benefit-based menu, it is advisable to place the options over multiple pages. If the menu needs to be displayed on a single spatial unit (e.g. a black board, or applications on a tablet or smartphone), practitioners should organize the menu based on attributes rather than benefits. Originality/value Although the demand for healthy dining options has led many foodservice operators to apply benefit-based organization to items on their menus, for example, by using terms such as “energy-boosting,” “stress-relief,” “weight-loss,” and “immune system-improvement,” little is known about the effectiveness of such a strategy.
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Nikolaeva, M. A., and D. V. Nikolaeva. "The assortment of the Processed Cheese subcategory and the assortment policy of some retail chains in Moscow." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 1 (2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2201-02.
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The article discusses the results of a survey of the assortment of the subcategory "Processed Cheese" and the analysis of indicators of the assortment and assortment policy in the stores of three retail chains. It was found that the assortment of the Processed Cheese subcategory is ambiguous in different surveyed stores. The assortment of the Atak store is distinguished by the greatest depth and rationality, with its lower stability and degree of renewal compared to the assortment of the Magnit and Perekrestok stores. Among the directions of the assortment policy, the predominant one is assortment stabilization, which is due to stable demand from target audiences, as well as a stable product supply in the market. An additional direction is the renewal of the assortment. Along with the indicated directions, it was recommended to introduce the improvement of the assortment of processed cheeses by including trademarks or their modifications of enriched or functional cheeses, including those with herbal natural ingredients.
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Nikolaeva, M. A., and A. A. Gevorgyan. "Analysis of the assortment and assortment policy for pastille and marmalade products." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2204-06.
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The purpose of this article is to survey the trade assortment for pastille and marmalade products sold in retail trade enterprises in Moscow, as well as to analyze the indicators of the assortment and assortment policy of trade organizations. The article presents the results of a survey of the assortment of the subcategory “Pastille and marmalade products”, conducted in three chain stores in Moscow. It has been established that the expanded assortment of these products is characterized by great depth, moderate stability and low novelty. The degree of rationality of the assortment in different stores is not the same.
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Petráš, R., and J. Mecko. "Analysis of the production potential of raw wood in the forests of Slovakia." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 7 (July 17, 2008): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2008-jfs.
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Production of raw wood material and its regulation has a great ecological and economic importance in every country. The aim of the paper is to analyze the prospective production of raw wood with respect to the expected basic tree species composition and assortment structure on an example of long-term development of selected indicators of forest condition in Slovakia. For this analysis we used data on the area, growing stock and planned decennial timber felling in the forests of Slovakia in 1980, 1996 and 2003. The production potential of forests was evaluated on the basis of the annual perspective allowable cut by 2020, from which the prospective production of assortments was derived using the models of assortment yield tables of tree species. The results show that in the forests of Slovakia there is an about half proportion of coniferous and half proportion of broadleaved tree species, very good structure of growing stock as well as its trend in the last years. Production of raw wood assortments for industrial processing for the years 2010–2020 is limited by the volume 6.3–6.4 mil. m<sup>3</sup>. About one half of this volume comes from coniferous and the other half from broadleaved tree species. For coniferous tree species the proportion of spruce and fir is 87% and for broadleaved tree species the proportion of beech and oak is 80%. For coniferous tree species sawmill assortments have a decisive, almost 70% proportion. Regarding broadleaved tree species, pulpwood assortments with 47% proportion prevail, although with 11% the highest quality assortments for the production of veneer from beech and oak are also significant.
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Nikolaeva, M. A., and E. N. Stetsyuk. "Analysis of the assortment policy of trade organizations that sell non-fish seafood." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-2101-07.
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The article presents the results of the study conducted by the authors of the real trade assortment in the category "non-fish seafood". The purpose of this study was to conduct a research of the categorical assortment of non-fish seafood, determine its indicators, and analyze the assortment policy of three retail stores. The conducted research of the assortment of the category of non-fish seafood allowed revealing the real trade assortment in the examined stores. It is established that the category assortment of the Pyaterochka store is the closest to the rational one. The assortment policy of this store is characterized by the two main directions: the main one is stabilization, and the additional one is renewal. The Verny store has the highest stability coefficient, which indicates the main direction of the assortment policy — stabilization. It was found out that the basic depth of the category assortment for non-fish seafood reaches 38 brands and their modifi cations, and all stores present an assortment that is not repeated in the other examined stores.
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Gázquez-Abad, J. C., F. J. Martínez-López, J. A. Mondéjar-Jiménez, and I. Esteban-Millat. "Mixed assortments vs. store brand-only assortments: The impact of assortment composition and consumer characteristics on store loyalty." Revista Española de Investigación de Marketing ESIC 19, no. 1 (February 2015): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reimke.2014.11.001.
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Nikolaeva, M. A., and A. D. Lokshin. "Assortment of the subcategory “Dried fruits, vegetables and mushrooms” and directions of the assortment policy of retail trade organizations for this subcategory." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2204-05.
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The article presents the results of a survey and analysis of the real trade assortment of dried fruits and vegetables, as well as the main directions of the assortment policy of chain stores selling goods of this subcategory. It has been established that the greatest completeness, depth and stability of the assortment were noted in Ashan and Globus stores. The coefficient of rationality of their assortment is characterized by a moderate value. The lower values of these indicators and the lowest rationality were observed in the assortment of this subcategory in the Magnit store. The main directions of their assortment policy are the deepening, updating and stabilization of the assortment, which allows them to form a moderately rational assortment of this subcategory (Ashan and Globus) or close to it (Magnit).
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Nikolaeva, M. A., and A. O. Kholkina. "Assortment policy of retailers in the «Sugar» product subcategory." Lizing (Leasing), no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-03-2111-07.
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The article considers the results of the study of the commercial assortment of the subcategory «Sugar», which is included in the category «Groceries» in the stores of three retail chains in Moscow. It was found that in all stores there is a detailed assortment, represented by 6 to 10 types, 25 trademarks and their 70 modifi cations. The assortment of sugar under study is characterized by high coeffi cients of completeness, depth and stability, as well as an average degree of novelty and moderate rationality. The analysis of the assortment indicators revealed that in the assortment policy of all surveyed stores, the main directions are assortment stabilization and, as an additional direction, renewal. Along with this, it is recommended to apply the directions for improving the assortment when forming the assortment of sugar.
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Nikolaeva, M. A., and A. O. Kholkina. "Assortment policy of retailers in the “Sugar” product subcategory." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 8 (July 5, 2021): 574–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2108-03.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the results of a survey of the commercial assortment of the “Sugar” subcategory, which is included in the category “Groceries” in the stores of three retail chains in Moscow. It was found that in all stores there is a wide assortment, represented by 6 to 10 types, 25 trademarks and their 70 modifications. The assortment of sugar under investigation is characterized by high coefficients of completeness, depth and stability, as well as an average degree of novelty and moderate rationality. The analysis of the assortment indicators revealed that in the assortment policy of all surveyed stores, the main directions are assortment stabilization and renewal as an additional direction. Along with this, when forming the assortment of sugar, it is recommended to apply the directions for improving the assortment.
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MAES, H. H. M., M. C. NEALE, K. S. KENDLER, J. K. HEWITT, J. L. SILBERG, D. L. FOLEY, J. M. MEYER, et al. "Assortative mating for major psychiatric diagnoses in two population-based samples." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 6 (November 1998): 1389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798007326.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Previous studies on assortment for psychiatric disorders have reported discrepant findings. We aimed to test whether there is a significant association for psychiatric diagnoses, including alcoholism, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder and phobias between husbands and wives in two population-based samples. We further evaluated whether marital resemblance occurs primarily within or across psychiatric disorders and if assortment for psychopathology is primary or secondary to assortment for correlated variables.Methods. A model for mate selection addressed whether the correlation between mates for psychiatric disorders arises from direct assortment (primary homogamy) or through correlation with other variables for which assortment occurs (secondary homogamy) or through cross-variable assortment. The model accounted for within-person co-morbidity as well as across-spouse data.Results. Findings suggested that a moderate degree of assortment exists both within and across psychiatric diagnoses. Only a small amount of the observed marital resemblance for mental illness could be explained by assortment for correlated variables such as age, religious attendance and education. Similar results were obtained for the two samples separately and confirmed in their joint analysis, revealing that the co-morbidity and assortment findings, except for the marital correlation for age, religious attendance and education, replicate across samples.Conclusions. Significant but moderate primary assortment exists for psychiatric disorders. The bias in twin studies that have ignored the small amount of assortment is negligible.