Journal articles on the topic 'Astān-i Quds-i Riz̧avī'

Abstract Genetic control of carcass and meat quality traits is of great interest to the pork industry, and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) activation has been reported to have an inverse relationship with lean carcass growth traits in swine. The objective of this study was to determine if transcript abundance of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) in liver is associated with carcass trait variation. The liver is a key player in energy partitioning towards muscle or adipose accretion, and hepatic glucocorticoid receptors that bind cortisol are known to play a role in glucose metabolism. We hypothesized that NR3C1 expression levels are associated with differences in pork quality and carcass traits. We collected liver tissue from 18 gilts at slaughter (avg. BW =127 kg, age at slaughter = 164 d). Additionally, we collected measurements of carcass traits including dressing percentage, loin muscle area, 10th-rib backfat depth, subjective color and marbling scores, Minolta Colorimeter measures of L*, a*, b*, 45-min and ultimate pH, and driploss (Table 1). We extracted RNA from liver samples using a Qiagen miRNeasy kit and performed qRT-PCR using a TaqMan assay to quantify NR3C1 transcript abundance, with ACTB and HPRT1 as reference genes. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between the carcass traits and NR3C1 expression. While liver NR3C1 transcript abundance was not significantly correlated with a majority of these traits, it was found to have a significant positive correlation with dressing percentage (r = 0.606, t = 3.05, P = 0.008). In conclusion, transcript abundance of NR3C1 in liver does not appear have a relationship with carcass merit and meat quality, but does have a positive relationship with dressing percentage. Further investigation into tissue-specific expression of NR3C1 may reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the reported associations between HPA activation and differences in pork quality and carcass traits.

Background: Radiation-induced changes (RICs) post-stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) critically influence outcomes in arteriovenous malformation (AVM) treatments. This study aimed to identify predictors of RICs, described the types and severity of RICs, and assessed their impact on patient’s functional outcomes to enhance risk assessment and treatment planning for AVM patients. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 87 AVM patients who underwent SRS at Hospital Kuala Lumpur between January 2015 and December 2020. RICs were identified through detailed magnetic resonance imaging evaluations, and predictive factors were determined using multiple logistic regression. Functional outcomes were assessed with the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Results: Among the cohort, 40.2% developed RICs, with radiological RICs in 33.3%, symptomatic RICs in 5.7%, and permanent RICs in 1.1%. Severity categorization revealed 25.3% as Grade I, 13.8% as Grade II, and 1.1% as Grade III. Notably, higher Pollock–Flickinger scores and eloquence location were significant predictors of RIC occurrence. There was a significant improvement in functional outcomes post-SRS, with a marked decrease in non-favorable mRS scores from 8.0% pre-SRS to 1.1% post-SRS (P = 0.031). Conclusion: The study identified the eloquence location and Pollock–Flickinger scores as predictors of RICs post-SRS. The significant reduction in non-favorable mRS scores post-SRS underscores the efficacy of SRS in improving patient outcomes. Their results highlighted the importance of personalized treatment planning, focusing on precise strategies to optimize patient outcomes in AVM management, reducing adverse effects while improving functional outcomes.

Background: Chest pain in blunt chest trauma can be caused by various intrathoracic injuries. Pneumothorax, hemothorax, and rib fractures are commonly seen in the emergency department. Although cardiac involvement is very rare, the probability should not be excluded.
 Case Illustration: A-31-years-old male who complained of chest pain and diaphoresis was brought to the emergency department after a high-speed motorcycle collision. Chest X-ray revealed no abnormality but a 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated ST-segment elevation in lead I, AvL, V2-6, and atrial fibrillation. Because of the unusual presentation, the decision was to proceed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Coronary Angiography detected a thrombus at proximal LAD and spiral dissection at mid LAD (TIMI 2 Flow). After the procedure, he was transferred to the High Care Unit.
 Conclusion: Following blunt chest trauma, chest pain in the setting of a vehicle collision can be caused by dissection of the coronary artery. Prompt cardiac workup (ECG, cardiac enzyme, and echocardiography) must be done in a highly suspected patient.

AbstractParathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown to have anabolic and catabolic effects on the skeleton, and in young racing horses the anabolic effects of PTH on bone might be of great importance in reducing the risk of skeletal injury during race training. The aim of this pilot study was to elucidate the effects of intermittent exogenous application of human parathyroid fragment (hPTH 1-37) on calcium homeostasis and bone turnover in resting horses. Five horses were used in this study. Horses were treated subcutaneously with hPTH (hPTH 1-37, 0.5 μg kg−1 BW) daily at 600 h over a period of 28 days. A foregoing control trial was conducted under the identical test protocol without hPTH application. Blood samples were taken at defined times for the control and hPTH treatment to analyze ionized Ca (Ca++, AVL), total Ca (AAS), inorganic Pi (flame photometry), intact PTH (RIA), osteocalcin (ELISA) and ICTP (carboxyterminal telopeptide of type-I collagen, RIA). Eight hours after hPTH application, blood ionized Ca++ (days 1 and 28) and plasma Pi (days 1–28) increased significantly in comparison to the control. At day 1, 8 h after hPTH application, the decrease in intact plasma PTH was more pronounced after hPTH treatment than in the control, and plasma PTH levels were higher after treatment at day 14 (16 h post-injection, P<0.05), day 18 (16 h post-injection, ns) and day 24 (0 h post-injection). There were no treatment-related differences in total plasma Ca and bone markers. Intermittent PTH administration in healthy horses affected Ca and P homeostasis as well as endogenous PTH secretion, but bone turnover was not affected during the treatment period of 28 days.

In his review of my book, The Bride and the Dowry: Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinians in the Aftermath of the June 1967 War, Moriel Ram offers praise and criticism. At the risk of sounding ungrateful for the praise, I find his review to be based on careless reading and thus unfounded, thereby doing disservice to readers of IJMES.

Abstract Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes perform adenosine to inosine base editing in RNA, particularly targeting adenosines located within a specific double-stranded stem-loop motif. The ADAR1 gene encodes both a universally expressed isoform (p110) and an interferon-inducible isoform (p150), which plays a role in innate immunity by mediating interferon signaling. In the context of healthy, uninfected cells, ADAR1 performs A-to-I editing on endogenous double-stranded RNA to prevent it from activating downstream dsRNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5, which in-turn activate a pro-inflammatory response. Loss of function mutations in ADAR1 result in aberrant activation of the dsRNA sensors and are involved in autoimmune disorders. ADAR1 dysfunction also impacts cancer cell growth, proliferation, and response to immunotherapy. ADAR1 expression is increased in several types of cancer and ADAR1 knock-out has been demonstrated to improve the response to certain immunotherapies such PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and to circumvent tumor immunotherapy resistance mechanisms, making ADAR1 an attractive target for therapeutic development. We have developed and validated a high-throughput, cell-based assay for measuring ADAR1 editing activity. Several ADAR editing reporter constructs were designed and evaluated for their relative response to ADAR1 over-expression. They all feature an ADAR1 hairpin target with a stop codon (UAG) which is susceptible to ADAR1-mediated editing to a tryptophan (UUG), located upstream of a firefly luciferase gene. We show that increasing transient expression of ADAR1 led to proportional increased activity of the downstream firefly luciferase, indicating dose-dependent transcript editing by ADAR1. Selected reporters were used in conjunction with ADAR2 overexpression to identify an ADAR1-biased reporter. Thus, a reporter with low luciferase activity in response to ADAR2 expression was chosen to establish stable HEK293 cell lines (which express low levels of ADAR1) with and without constitutively expressed ADAR1 protein. ADAR1-overexpressing HEK293 cells displayed high luciferase activity, in accordance with high ADAR1-mediated editing of the reporter transcript, which was decreased in response to siRNA-mediated knockdown of ADAR1 expression or pharmacological inhibition of ADAR1 activity. Sequencing of the reporter RNA confirmed that changes in reporter activity were correlated with editing of the RNA transcript. Finally, these validated ADAR1 editing reporter cell lines were further engineered to constitutively express Renilla luciferase under the control of a CMV promoter, serving as an internal control for the toxicity of ADAR1 inhibitors. In conclusion, our robust cell-based assay provides a well-validated resource to identify modulators of ADAR1 editing activity in a cellular context. Citation Format: Valerie Sapp, Jim Bilakovics, Ava Burr, Fernando Martins, Pavel Shashkin, Veronique Baron, Henry Zhu, Junguk Park. Development of a genetically validated, cell-based reporter assay for ADAR1 editing activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2065.

Ключові слова: освіта, вища освіта, педагогічні заклади вищої освіти, Уманський педагогічний університет.
 Анотація 
 У статті висвітлено історичні та історіографічні дослідження, які стосуються розвитку та реформування вищої педагогічної освіти загалом та Уманського державного педагогічного університету зокрема. Показано узагальнювальні праці вчених з історії вищої педагогічної освіти, про особливості становлення і розвитку педагогічних інститутів та діяльність їх структурних підрозділів і науково-педагогічних кадрів в Україні, зокрема на Черкащині. Проаналізовано праці, присвячені історії Уманського державного педагогічного університету імені Павла Тичини, де розглянуто окремі періоди діяльності інституту, його підрозділів та окремих викладачів.
 Посилання
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&nbsp; A obra de Lepape &eacute; um bom exemplo de biografia hist&oacute;rica. Ao longo de dezenove cap&iacute;tulos ele narra a hist&oacute;ria da vida de Voltaire, relacionando-a com a sociedade francesa do per&iacute;odo. Durante o s&eacute;culo XVIII aconteceram muitas mudan&ccedil;as pol&iacute;ticas e sociais na Fran&ccedil;a, as quais, numa rela&ccedil;&atilde;o de interdepend&ecirc;ncia, interferiram na transforma&ccedil;&atilde;o do of&iacute;cio do intelectual, remetendo-o a uma fun&ccedil;&atilde;o de cr&iacute;tico da sociedade. Buscando ilustrar e concretizar este processo, Lepape estuda Voltaire, que &eacute; um caso paradigm&aacute;tico destas transforma&ccedil;&otilde;es. Como a an&aacute;lise pormenorizada dos cap&iacute;tulos n&atilde;o seria uma proposta vi&aacute;vel para este trabalho, abordaremos algumas quest&otilde;es gerais do livro. Inicialmente sobre a sociedade francesa do per&iacute;odo, e posteriormente sobre intelectuais franceses e as transforma&ccedil;&otilde;es por que passaram, tendo Voltaire como exemplo concreto. N&atilde;o era uma situa&ccedil;&atilde;o muito confort&aacute;vel a do intelectual franc&ecirc;s do in&iacute;cio do S&eacute;culo das Luzes. Para demonstrar isto Lepape, inicia seu livro resgatando um incidente na vida de Voltaire que &eacute; bastante ilustrativo. No ano de 1726, quando o talento de Voltaire j&aacute; era reconhecido em toda a Fran&ccedil;a, o escritor teve uma discuss&atilde;o com um nobre que o provocou. Irritado com a resposta que recebeu de Voltaire, o nobre mandou espanc&aacute;-lo alguns dias depois. O fil&oacute;sofo, indignado, procurou justi&ccedil;a, apelando para a corte, e n&atilde;o conseguiu nenhum resultado. Ao tentar a vingan&ccedil;a, irritou a corte, &quot;afinal surrar um poeta n&atilde;o chegava a ser crime, de modo que Voltaire estava fazendo barulho por muito pouco&quot; (p. 10). Por isso ele quase foi preso e posteriormente foi deportado para a Inglaterra. &quot;Era assim que se tratava um escritor na Fran&ccedil;a da Reg&ecirc;ncia. Como um bichinho de estima&ccedil;&atilde;o a quem se afastava com o p&eacute; quando reclamava fora de hora, que se maltratava quando esquecia seu grau de inferioridade, e que se mandava embora caso se mostrasse recalcitrante&quot;. (p. 11) O objetivo de Lepape &eacute; tra&ccedil;ar este longo percurso, em que o intelectual passou de um acess&oacute;rio decorativo da corte ao papel de cr&iacute;tico da sociedade. Politicamente, o s&eacute;culo XVIII, principalmente na Fran&ccedil;a, foi marcado pelo governo absolutista. As guerras de religi&atilde;o tiveram um importante papel neste processo de centraliza&ccedil;&atilde;o do poder real. A obedi&ecirc;ncia era refor&ccedil;ada pela cren&ccedil;a na origem divina do rei, que era considerado o representante de Deus na terra, somente a Ele devendo satisfa&ccedil;&otilde;es. Este governo era inquestion&aacute;vel, afinal: Na monarquia absoluta &agrave; maneira francesa n&atilde;o havia lugar sequer para a id&eacute;ia de um partido de oposi&ccedil;&atilde;o. A Fronda, as guerras religiosas que haviam dilacerado o reino no s&eacute;culo XVI, que quase entregaram a Fran&ccedil;a ao estrangeiro para satisfazer interesses de fac&ccedil;&otilde;es, tinham enraizado o sentimento de uma unidade indissoci&aacute;vel, encarnada na pessoa do rei. Opor-se ao rei era opor-se &agrave; pr&oacute;pria Fran&ccedil;a. (...) Mesmo nos piores anos do reinado de Lu&iacute;s XV, quando o pa&iacute;s parecia so&ccedil;obrar, a queixa jamais se havia transformado em reivindica&ccedil;&atilde;o pol&iacute;tica. A pol&iacute;tica era o rei. (p. 191) Como nos lembra Voltaire, &quot;a justifica&ccedil;&atilde;o profunda da monarquia, sua legitimidade, era pacificar e unir sob um mesmo princ&iacute;pio indiv&iacute;duos que, sem ela, se matariam mutuamente.&quot; (p. 51 ) Al&eacute;m disso, no s&eacute;culo XVIII, uma outra fun&ccedil;&atilde;o seria dada ao poder real: a responsabilidade pela economia do Estado. Como nos mostra Lepape, passava-se do Estado de justi&ccedil;a para o Estado de finan&ccedil;as: O rei n&atilde;o era mais apenas aquele que, em todas as mat&eacute;rias, julgava o bem e o mal; ref&eacute;m do imenso poder que se atribu&iacute;a, agora era tamb&eacute;m aquele que devia garantir a prosperidade do reino e de seus s&uacute;ditos. Neste tocante, os &uacute;ltimo.s anos do reinado de Lu&iacute;s XVI foram decisivos: ele n&atilde;o poderia ser um grande rei, uma vez que o pa&iacute;s estava arruinado. O servi&ccedil;o do rei tinha que levar seriamente em conta esse dado revolucion&aacute;rio, a introdu&ccedil;&atilde;o da economia n&atilde;o como realidade - &eacute; claro que ela sempre havia existido -, mas como um componente cultural da fun&ccedil;&atilde;o monarquia. (p. 63) O poder absoluto do rei retirava qualquer poder pol&iacute;tico da sociedade civil. Esta n&atilde;o podia se manifestar e nem discutir pol&iacute;tica, que era baseada no segredo. A proibi&ccedil;&atilde;o da discuss&atilde;o de determinados assuntos n&atilde;o se devia &agrave; forma autorit&aacute;ria de governo, mas &agrave; pr&oacute;pria ess&ecirc;ncia do absolutismo real. &quot;Por mais respeitosa que fosse, toda literatura reveladora, toda discuss&atilde;o sobre o que era indiscut&iacute;vel - o poder, o rei, o catolicismo - era, em princ&iacute;pio, suspeita.&quot; (p. 50) Afinal, &quot;o segredo n&atilde;o era uma forma de governo, era o pr&oacute;prio princ&iacute;pio de um poder que nada aceitava dividir&quot; (p. 123). Por isso, esta pol&iacute;tica tamb&eacute;m tentava controlar e centralizar todas a inst&acirc;ncias da sociedade e, sem d&uacute;vida, a sua produ&ccedil;&atilde;o intelectual. A sociedade era exclu&iacute;da do poder, mas, como j&aacute; afirmamos, n&atilde;o contestava a sua legitimidade, o que se buscava, atrav&eacute;s da raz&atilde;o, era a reforma, a moderniza&ccedil;&atilde;o da sociedade. (P. 84) Era no &acirc;mbito da ci&ecirc;ncia da investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o filos&oacute;fica, desde que n&atilde;o contestasse o poder da monarquia, que esta sociedade cerceada podia manifestar-se. &quot;Exclu&iacute;da das decis&otilde;es pol&iacute;ticas, a sociedade civil procurava outras esferas nas quais pudesse expressar sua exist&ecirc;ncia, na corrida &agrave; riqueza, na especula&ccedil;&atilde;o intelectual, na aquisi&ccedil;&atilde;o de conhecimentos, no exerc&iacute;cio da religi&atilde;o, na surda resist&ecirc;ncia &agrave; vontade do poder central de governar tudo e tudo controlar, inclusive a vida privada&quot; (p. 191). E a este esp&iacute;rito de investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o que permeou toda a sociedade europ&eacute;ia, no caso espec&iacute;fico da elite francesa, deu-se o nome de Iluminismo. O Iluminismo, de maneira quase indissoci&aacute;vel, ligava-se &agrave; cren&ccedil;a no progresso t&eacute;cnico e na evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o da sociedade. O tom dissonante era dado por Rosseau, que colocava estas certezas de progresso em d&uacute;vida. (p. 172) Dentre as id&eacute;ias defendidas ou contestadas pelo iluminismo, sem d&uacute;vida a mais importante no per&iacute;odo foi o debate entre a raz&atilde;o e a religi&atilde;o. Deus foi posto em julgamento. Para termos no&ccedil;&atilde;o da import&acirc;ncia deste fato &eacute; lembrarmos que at&eacute; o s&eacute;culo XVIII a religi&atilde;o comandava todos os aspectos da vida do homem na Europa. Desta maneira &eacute; compreens&iacute;vel por que os fil&oacute;sofos elegeram a religi&atilde;o, principalmente a Igreja Cat&oacute;lica, como inimiga principal das luzes. Esta institui&ccedil;&atilde;o tamb&eacute;m controlava e moldava todo o ensino, no caso da Fran&ccedil;a e de muitos pa&iacute;ses europeus, atrav&eacute;s dos jesu&iacute;tas. Nesta sociedade, onde a elite se via exclu&iacute;da da pol&iacute;tica, era importante a arte da representa&ccedil;&atilde;o e o desenvolvimento do esp&iacute;rito. Um sistema de figuras de ret&oacute;rica e uma po&eacute;tica do discurso se transformaram num valor moral, social e intelectual. Segundo Lepape O esp&iacute;rito afirma a possibilidade de produzir o novo sem nada mudar na ordem antiga; a possibilidade de dizer tudo, no c&iacute;rculo exclusivo dos iniciados, respeitando o n&atilde;o dito imposto pelas censuras; a escolha de uma est&eacute;tica leve e enxuta, o contr&aacute;rio da pesada pompa que acompanha a influ&ecirc;ncia sensual da religi&atilde;o, a possibilidade, enfim, de definir uma elite cuja excel&ecirc;ncia n&atilde;o se define pelo saber, nem pelo nascimento, nem pelo poder, mas pelo uso civilizado e delicado da conversa&ccedil;&atilde;o. (p. 15) Desta maneira, pode-se entender o poder da palavra nesta sociedade. Mas isso n&atilde;o significava que o escritor tamb&eacute;m tivesse o mesmo poder. Desde que o of&iacute;cio come&ccedil;ou a se laicizar, a depend&ecirc;ncia do escritor se mostrava claramente, pois &quot;instauravam-se sistemas de clientelismo e mecenato que se inspiravam no modelo eclesi&aacute;stico: o escritor era uma esp&eacute;cie de padre ou monge leigo, remunerado por uma fonte privada ou p&uacute;blica da sociedade, pelo exerc&iacute;cio da fun&ccedil;&atilde;o espiritual e civilizat&oacute;ria que exercesse, e na medida do talento e do sucesso com que desempenhasse a sua tarefa&quot; (p. 38). Esta situa&ccedil;&atilde;o de depend&ecirc;ncia financeira, sem d&uacute;vida, era desconfort&aacute;vel para os escritores e os aprisionava aos seus mecenas. As pol&ecirc;micas eram acirradas, afinal, como nos mostra Lepape (p. 23), eram a &uacute;nica batalha permitida &agrave; sociedade. As armas usadas eram os libelos e a pol&iacute;tica de caf&eacute;. Nestas pol&ecirc;micas liter&aacute;rias, po&eacute;ticas ou de outros assuntos, os escritores eram usados como marionetes pelos diferentes partidos ou senhores. Se eles se sa&iacute;ssem bem, eram recompensados, ou, se isso n&atilde;o acontecesse, eram punidos. E, &agrave;s vezes, bastava um verso para um escritor cair em desgra&ccedil;a, sendo preso ou desterrado. V&aacute;rios fatores contribu&iacute;am para a insignific&acirc;ncia do grupo de intelectuais neste in&iacute;cio do s&eacute;culo XVIII. A depend&ecirc;ncia financeira dos intelectuais era um deles, sem d&uacute;vida. Mas tamb&eacute;m existiam problemas de ordem pr&aacute;tica: a insignific&acirc;ncia, pelo menos num&eacute;rica, dos leitores. Na Fran&ccedil;a do per&iacute;odo, em cada quatro franceses, tr&ecirc;s eram analfabetos. Al&eacute;m disso, por exemplo, os livros eram caros e de dif&iacute;cil acesso &agrave; popula&ccedil;&atilde;o rural. (p. 59) Outra dificuldade era o controle da produ&ccedil;&atilde;o das obras, que era centralizada pelo poder real. O livro era uma quest&atilde;o de Estado, como nos mostra Lepape: &quot;naquele primeiro quartel do s&eacute;culo XVIII, o livro continuava a ser uma quest&atilde;o de Estado, um importante instrumento de propaganda pol&iacute;tica, religiosa e intelectual, caso produzido sob os ausp&iacute;cios diretos ou indiretos do poder; um objeto potencialmente perigoso caso elaborado fora do seu &acirc;mbito&quot; (p. 50). Por isso a publica&ccedil;&atilde;o de livros era energicamente controlada pelo soberano. Sendo assim, muitas obras eram censuradas, mas o sistema de monop&oacute;lio favorecia a tentativa de fraude, o que se tornava um problema pol&iacute;tico e financeiro. Havia tamb&eacute;m, neste per&iacute;odo, a resist&ecirc;ncia a encarar o livro como um produto de mercado, propriedade do autor, pass&iacute;vel de ser negociado. Esta resist&ecirc;ncia era justificada pela perda do car&aacute;ter art&iacute;stico da literatura. Os direitos autorais tamb&eacute;m n&atilde;o eram reconhecidos. &quot;Nenhum direito de ordem financeira, nem &eacute; preciso lembrar, mas sobretudo nenhum direito de ordem moral: obra publicada sem autoriza&ccedil;&atilde;o real fugia completamente ao controle do autor. Podiam tritur&aacute;-la, cort&aacute;-la, acrescentar-lhes textos inventados ou adulterados&quot; (p. 152). Os autores poderiam recorrer ao aparelho judici&aacute;rio, mas este se mantinha sempre contr&aacute;rio &agrave; liberdade de imprimir. Apesar dessas quest&otilde;es, o movimento das luzes, com seus recuos e movimentos antifilos&oacute;ficos (p. 216), desenvolvia-se. Os fil&oacute;sofos lutavam contra todos os preconceitos, tentando &quot;iluminar&quot; a sociedade. Nada poderia escapar do exame da raz&atilde;o, n&atilde;o existia verdade revelada que pudesse ser exclu&iacute;da do exame da raz&atilde;o, e &quot;enquanto esse exame complexo, cient&iacute;fico, implicando numerosas pesquisas, n&atilde;o for realizado - e talvez n&atilde;o o seja num futuro previs&iacute;vel -, conv&eacute;m que nos atenhamos a essa expectativa positiva que &eacute; a toler&acirc;ncia.&quot; (p. 96) O movimento ilustrado concentrava suas for&ccedil;as principalmente em tr&ecirc;s quest&otilde;es: a defesa da liberdade, a separa&ccedil;&atilde;o dos poderes e a nega&ccedil;&atilde;o do direito divino. Mas o foco de sua luta era, sem d&uacute;vida, a quest&atilde;o religiosa. N&atilde;o era poss&iacute;vel, racionalmente, acreditar na revela&ccedil;&atilde;o. A contesta&ccedil;&atilde;o inicial da religi&atilde;o e a relativiza&ccedil;&atilde;o dos seus dogmas foram levando ao questionamento do poder real, pois este tinha como alicerce a religi&atilde;o. A dessacraliza&ccedil;&atilde;o da sociedade levava tamb&eacute;m &agrave; dessacraliza&ccedil;&atilde;o do poder do rei. Os homens buscavam agora apoio na hist&oacute;ria e na raz&atilde;o. (p. 194) O aparecimento da oposi&ccedil;&atilde;o ao poder real tamb&eacute;m esteve ligado a quest&otilde;es religiosas. Os magistrados, partid&aacute;rios do jansenismo, colocavam-se contra o poder dos jesu&iacute;tas, que dominavam a religi&atilde;o oficial. Esta disputa tornou-se p&uacute;blica, mobilizando a popula&ccedil;&atilde;o de uma maneira in&eacute;dita. Neste momento, na Fran&ccedil;a, nascia a opini&atilde;o p&uacute;blica (p. 71), que, como veremos posteriormente, seria de vital import&acirc;ncia para a nova fun&ccedil;&atilde;o social do intelectual, pois &eacute; ela que legitima este poder. Mas antes de entrar propriamente na discuss&atilde;o das novas fun&ccedil;&otilde;es dos intelectuais, faz-se necess&aacute;rio assinalar as mudan&ccedil;as ocorridas no pr&oacute;prio of&iacute;cio do escritor ao longo do s&eacute;culo. A primeira mudan&ccedil;a ocorreu na pr&oacute;pria composi&ccedil;&atilde;o da &quot;classe&quot; dos homens de letras. No in&iacute;cio do s&eacute;culo XVIII, &quot;de cada tr&ecirc;s autores, um ter&ccedil;o pertencia &agrave; Igreja, um quarto, &agrave; nobreza. A quarta parte formada pelos nobres era mais numerosa na &aacute;rea da literatura: os aristocratas animavam os sal&otilde;es, e, movidos pelo impulso vindo de Versalhes, ditavam o gosto em mat&eacute;ria de letras. Por volta de 1780, os eclesi&aacute;sticos representavam menos de um ter&ccedil;o dos autores; os nobres, quinze por cento; a plebe laica, mais da metade.&quot; (p. 68) O saber passou a ser vulgarizado e atingiu por&ccedil;&otilde;es mais amplas da sociedade. O n&uacute;mero de leitores tamb&eacute;m aumentou. E, entre 1700 e 1770, a produ&ccedil;&atilde;o liter&aacute;ria triplicou, em n&uacute;mero de t&iacute;tulos e de exemplares (p. 61). O escritor passou a se preocupar n&atilde;o apenas com o reconhecimento p&uacute;blico, no caso franc&ecirc;s, da alta sociedade, mas tamb&eacute;m com as recompensas materiais do seu trabalho, pois &quot;come&ccedil;ava a desenvolver-se a id&eacute;ia de um exerc&iacute;cio burgu&ecirc;s da literatura&quot; (p. 67). Desse modo, &quot;esbo&ccedil;ava-se, assim uma nova condi&ccedil;&atilde;o do homem de letras, agora como produtor, baseada nos la&ccedil;os de propriedade que ligam o autor &agrave; sua obra&quot; (p. 276). O sistema editorial, apesar das proibi&ccedil;&otilde;es r&eacute;gias, tinha que se adequar a uma nova realidade: a necessidade de ser lucrativo, de ser produtivo. E, pelo bem da economia editorial francesa, muitas vezes a censura fazia vistas grossas &agrave; proibi&ccedil;&atilde;o ou a publica&ccedil;&otilde;es de obras proibidas, sempre as mais lucrativas. (p. 63) Apesar da diversidade dos intelectuais, havia fatores de uni&atilde;o, como o combate de id&eacute;ias. &quot;Sem ter plena consci&ecirc;ncia disto, eles formavam um grupo social novo, caracterizado pelo livre uso do saber e pela exig&ecirc;ncia de total liberdade de express&atilde;o, uma comunidade dispersa, idealmente reunida no mesmo culto &agrave; pesquisa &agrave; verdade pelos meios da raz&atilde;o e do experimento.&quot; (p. 212) Nesta nova sociedade transformada pelas luzes, lentamente o intelectual assumia o papel social de porta-voz e pedagogo da sociedade (p. 79). Para visualizar esta transforma&ccedil;&atilde;o, vamos resgatar o caso de Voltaire, que n&atilde;o inventou este papel, mas, como nos mostra Lepape, teve um importante papel no desenvolvimento do mesmo. Voltaire foi caracterizado como o maior escritor de sua &eacute;poca e por isso possu&iacute;a uma complexa rede de clientela, mas isso, pelo menos no in&iacute;cio do s&eacute;culo - quando o autor j&aacute; tinha encontrado a fama, n&atilde;o o livrava de situa&ccedil;&otilde;es como o espancamento relatado anteriormente. Apesar de sentir necessidade de liberdade para o desenvolvimento de sua obra, Voltaire hesitava entre a sedu&ccedil;&atilde;o do reconhecimento da corte, do rei e o sucesso p&uacute;blico. O escritor acreditava, como muitos de seus companheiros, que um escritor n&atilde;o deveria ser julgado pelo p&uacute;blico, mas por seus pares ou mecenas. O autor tamb&eacute;m n&atilde;o considerava as suas obras como mercadorias, pois as queria como obras de arte. Inicialmente o fil&oacute;sofo contentava-se com esta situa&ccedil;&atilde;o de subordina&ccedil;&atilde;o social ao mecenato e buscava apenas um espa&ccedil;o na corte francesa dentro da estrutura vigente. Mas este espa&ccedil;o, por uma s&eacute;rie de intrigas caracter&iacute;sticas do per&iacute;odo, foi-lhe negado. Ap&oacute;s perceber a depend&ecirc;ncia e subordina&ccedil;&atilde;o da profiss&atilde;o de escritor, buscou transformar esta situa&ccedil;&atilde;o, afinal, apesar de sua s&oacute;lida clientela, Voltaire foi expulso de Paris e ignorado pela corte durante trinta anos, o que nos d&aacute; a id&eacute;ia de como o mecenato era inst&aacute;vel, financeiramente e politicamente. O autor buscou todos os meios para atingir seu objetivo principal, que era &quot;p&ocirc;r os fil&oacute;sofos em posi&ccedil;&atilde;o de &aacute;rbitros, reconquistar a gra&ccedil;a do rei, possibilitar a alian&ccedil;a entre os profissionais da intelig&ecirc;ncia, a sociedade esclarecida e o soberano; isto era o resumo de toda a sua pol&iacute;tica&quot; (p. 225). Voltaire procurava o espa&ccedil;o do intelectual na sociedade e a sua primeira tentativa se deu atrav&eacute;s da alian&ccedil;a com Frederico II, um d&eacute;spota esclarecido. Mas esta experi&ecirc;ncia n&atilde;o teve resultados muito produtivos. A alian&ccedil;a n&atilde;o deu certo, pois novamente o intelectual se encontrava subordinado ao soberano, e n&atilde;o ao seu lado, como ele esperava. (p. 179) A outra possibilidade de uni&atilde;o era com o p&uacute;blico. E, depois de muito hesitar, foi a ele que Voltaire escolheu. Esta sua escolha influenciou a forma de suas obras, pois para atingi-lo o autor optou pelo romance e pelos contos, que, apesar de agradarem ao p&uacute;blico, eram considerados g&ecirc;neros menores no s&eacute;culo XVIII, o s&eacute;culo da poesia. (p. 219) A sua primeira vit&oacute;ria, um marco em sua nova fun&ccedil;&atilde;o social, deu-se com o caso Calas, na d&eacute;cada de 1760. Calas, um protestante, foi acusado pelos magistrados de Tolouse de ter matado seu filho por este ter abra&ccedil;ado o catolicismo. Condenado, o protestante foi supliciado em 10 de mar&ccedil;o de 1762. Voltaire n&atilde;o acreditou em sua culpa e come&ccedil;ou uma campanha por sua inoc&ecirc;ncia e contra a intoler&acirc;ncia dos magistrados, em sua maioria jansenistas. Conclamando a opini&atilde;o p&uacute;blica, o fil&oacute;sofo procurava julgar os magistrados: Para faz&ecirc;-lo n&atilde;o tinha a menor compet&ecirc;ncia, nem institucional, nem profissionalmente falando: n&atilde;o era &nbsp;parlamentar, nem juiz, nem advogado. Era total a sua incompet&ecirc;ncia para polemizar com os ju&iacute;zes de Tolouse. Mas o simples fato de ter entrado naquela batalha, de ter pensado em trav&aacute;-la, mostra Voltaire na posse de um poder que n&atilde;o lhe fora dado por nenhum soberano, nenhuma institui&ccedil;&atilde;o, nenhuma pessoa f&iacute;sica, mas fruto de sua gl&oacute;ria art&iacute;stica, atestado pelo apego do p&uacute;blico &agrave;quilo que escrevia. (p. 227) Desta forma, legitimado pelo poder da opini&atilde;o p&uacute;blica, Voltaire vence a batalha contra os magistrados. Calas foi isentado de sua culpa e sua fam&iacute;lia passou a receber uma pens&atilde;o. O fil&oacute;sofo assumia a posi&ccedil;&atilde;o de &aacute;rbitro da sociedade. Em suma, este &eacute; o acontecimento emblem&aacute;tico da mudan&ccedil;a pela qual passou o of&iacute;cio do homem de letras no s&eacute;culo XVIII, muito bem sintetizado por Lepape: De repente, era a pr&oacute;pria condi&ccedil;&atilde;o de escritor que se alterava na sociedade. Ele era o ornamento, o buf&atilde;o ou o turifer&aacute;rio privilegiado, quando muito o pensador agrad&aacute;vel, o mestre da eleg&acirc;ncia e da boa educa&ccedil;&atilde;o; eiIo promovido a guardi&atilde;o dos valores universais da humanidade, vigia e porta-voz da sociedade civil contra o arb&iacute;trio e o despotismo da sociedade pol&iacute;tica. O homem de letras transformava-se em intelectual - ent&atilde;o ainda se dizia &quot;fil&oacute;sofo&quot; -, gra&ccedil;as ao mesmo movimento pelo qual o p&uacute;blico se transformava em opini&atilde;o p&uacute;blica e passava de express&atilde;o dos gostos e costumes privados a express&atilde;o das op&ccedil;&otilde;es e opini&otilde;es de natureza pol&iacute;tica. (p. 237) Esta biografia de Lepape sobre Voltaire tem duas caracter&iacute;sticas extremamente positivas. A primeira &eacute; a de se mostrar como exemplo e modelo de uma interessante forma de biografia hist&oacute;rica, onde a vida de um personagem &eacute; discutida com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave; sociedade em que vive, relacionando, de uma maneira interdependente, as suas conquistas pessoais com as transforma&ccedil;&otilde;es elas quais passa a sociedade. Neste caso espec&iacute;fico do momento que viveu Voltaire, as transforma&ccedil;&otilde;es foram profundas, pois o c&eacute;lebre poeta que foi surrado e exilado de Paris em 1726 volta &agrave; mesma cidade como her&oacute;i em 1778. Nem a sociedade nem o fil&oacute;sofo poderiam ser os mesmos, A outra quest&atilde;o &eacute; o pr&oacute;prio tema do livro, ou seja, a busca pelo espa&ccedil;o, pela fun&ccedil;&atilde;o do intelectual na sociedade. Esta luta iluminista &eacute; um ideal muitas vezes desconsiderado atualmente. O engajamento comumente &eacute; considerado antigo, ing&ecirc;nuo ou piegas. Talvez em muitos casos o seja. Mas isto n&atilde;o impede que a realidade de um pa&iacute;s com tantos problemas como o Brasil se imponha aos intelectuais que renunciaram &agrave; id&eacute;ia de pens&aacute;-lo. Afinal, quem n&atilde;o &eacute; parte da solu&ccedil;&atilde;o, faz parte do problema. Mais que uma frase de efeito, podemos perceber na mesma um tru&iacute;smo que muitas vezes optamos por desconsiderar. &nbsp; LOPES, Andr&eacute;a Roloff. Resenha. In: LEPAPE, Pierre. Voltaire: Nascimento dos intelectuais no S&eacute;culo das Luzes, <em>Hist&oacute;ria: Quest&otilde;es &amp; Debates</em>, Curitiba, v. 13, n. 25, p.219-228, jul./dez. 1996. &nbsp; LEPAPE, Pierre. <em>Voltaire</em>: Nascimento dos intelectuais no S&eacute;culo das Luzes. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar, 1995. 316p.

Introdução: No âmbito do Ensino Superior é importante conhecer o nível de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho dos docentes para que realizem suas atividades de forma saudável e produtiva, contribuindo para a excelência do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida no trabalho de docentes do curso de Enfermagem de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior de Fortaleza-CE. Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, quantitativo, realizado com 27 docentes. Os dados foram coletados em maio e junho de 2017 utilizando o Quality of Working Life Questionnaire-78, analisados estatisticamente e discutidos com base na literatura. Resultados: O perfil docente constituiu-se majoritariamente de enfermeiras jovens, doutoras e exercendo dupla jornada de trabalho. Todos os domínios da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho avaliados classificaram-se como satisfatórios, sendo os domínios Físico/Saúde e Profissional os de menores pontuações (61,17 e 65,09, respectivamente), e o domínio Pessoal o de maior pontuação (76,54). Como sugestões dos docentes para melhorar a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho, citaram-se: realização de ginástica laboral; maior tempo para planejar e produzir as atividades docentes; implantação de espaços para relaxamento; redução das cargas horárias e maior investimento em capacitações. Conclusão: A qualidade de vida no trabalho deve ser considerada na dimensão subjetiva dos indivíduos, pois se estende à sua vida pessoal e é diretamente influenciada pela organização do processo laboral. Logo, é importante que os gestores identifiquem elementos que reforcem positivamente o desempenho dos colaboradores no ambiente de trabalho.&#x0D; Descritores: Trabalho; Qualidade de Vida; Instituições de Ensino Superior; Educação em Enfermagem; Docentes de Enfermagem.&#x0D; Referências&#x0D; &#x0D; Barros MA. Qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT): a percepção de docentes de uma instituição de ensino superior privada. Rev Espaço Acadêmico. 2017;16(188):38-46.&#x0D; Walton RE. ‘Quality of Working Life: What Is It?’Sloan Management Review. 1973;15(1):11-21.&#x0D; Cortez PA, Souza MVR, Amaral LO, Silva LCA. A saúde docente no trabalho: apontamentos a partir da literatura recente. Cad saúde colet. 2017;25(1):113-22.&#x0D; Parra GD, Felli VEA. Work process of nursing professors. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2017;25:e2946.&#x0D; Migani EJ. As dificuldades para a qualificação do docente no ensino superior privado e a fragilidade da legislação na sua tutela. Vertentes do Direito. 2015;1(20):63-80.&#x0D; Lauxen AA, Del Pino JC. O professor universitário em processo de formação continuada: uma análise da docência no cotidiano da ação. 2018;19(40):394-413.&#x0D; Hood LJ. Leddy &amp; Pepper’s conceptual bases of professional nursing. 9. ed. Baltimore: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2017.&#x0D; Cruz AM, Almeida NG, Fialho AVM, Rodrigues DP, Figueiredo JV, Oliveira ACS. Percepção da enfermeira docente sobre sua qualidade de vida. Rev Rene. 2015;16(3):382-90.&#x0D; Magalhais LCB, Yassaka MCB, Soler ZASG. Indicadores da qualidade de vida no trabalho entre docentes de curso de graduação em enfermagem. Arqui ciênc saúde. 2008;15(3):117-24.&#x0D; Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (BR). Pesquisa Perfil da Enfermagem no Brasil. [acesso 2019 Abr 18]. Disponível em: http://www.cofen.gov.br/perfilenfermagem/&#x0D; Reis Júnior DR, Pilatti LA, Pedroso B. Qualidade de vida no trabalho: construção e validação do questionário QWLQ-78. R Bras Qual Vida. 2011;3(2):1-12.&#x0D; Caveião C, Sales WB, Visentin A, Hey AP, Escalante MMB, Oliveira ES. Perfil e qualidade de vida de docentes enfermeiros de universidades privadas e pública: estudo com WHOQOL-BREF. Rev APS. 2017;20(2):185-93.&#x0D; Merighi MAB, Jesus MCP de, Domingos SR da F, Oliveira DM, Baptista PCP. Being a nursing teacher, woman and mother: showing the experience in the light of social phenomenology. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2011;19(1):164-70.&#x0D; D’Oliveira CAFB, Almeida CM, Souza NVDO, Pires AS, Madriaga LCV. Prazer e sofrimento no trabalho: perspectivas de docentes de enfermagem. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2017;31(3):e20297.&#x0D; Duarte CG, Lunardi VL, Barlem ELD. Satisfaction and suffering in the work of the nursing teacher: an integrative review. Rev Min Enferm. 2016;20:e939.&#x0D; Camargo EM, Oliveira MP, Rodriguez-Añez CR, Hino AAF, Reis RS. Estresse em docentes universitários da saúde: situações geradoras, sintomas e estratégias de enfrentamento. Psicol Argum. 2013;31(75):615-26.&#x0D; Sá SCA, Silva RM, Kimura CA, Pinheiro GQ, Guido LA, Moraes-Filho IM. Estresse em docentes universitários da área de saúde de uma faculdade privada do entorno do Distrito Federal. Rev Cient Sena Aires. 2018;7(3):200-7.&#x0D; Kyriakou K, Petinou K, Phinikettos I. Risk Factors for Voice Disorders in University Professors in Cyprus. J Voice. 2018;32(5):1-9.&#x0D; Silva GJ, Almeida AA, Lucena BTL, Silva MFBL. Sintomas vocais e causas autorreferidas em professores. Rev CEFAC. 2016;18(1):158-66&#x0D; Gonçalves GBB. A saúde vocal do professor em uma pesquisa nacional. Retratos da Escola. 2012;6(11):447-62.&#x0D; Lima Júnior JP, Silva TFA Análise da sintomatologia de distúrbios osteomusculares em docentes da Universidade de Pernambuco-Campus Petrolina. Rev Dor. 2014;15(4):276-80.&#x0D; Guimaraes ALO, Felli VEA. Notification of health problems among nursing workers in university hospitals. Rev Bras Enferm. 2016;69(3):475-82.&#x0D; Oliveira ASD, Pereira MS, Lima LM. Trabalho, produtivismo e adoecimento dos docentes nas universidades públicas brasileiras. Psicol Esc Educ. 2017;21(3):609-19.&#x0D; Rodriguez MC, Hinojosa LMM, Ramirez MTG. Evaluacion del desempeño docente, estrés y Burnout em professores universitários. Actual Investig Educ. 2014;14(1):1-22.&#x0D; Ferreira RC, Silveira AP, Sá MAB, Feres SBL, Souza, JGS, Martins, AMEBL. Transtorno mental e estressores no trabalho entre professores universitários da área da saúde. Trab educ saúde. 2015;13(Suppl 1):135-55.&#x0D; Cardoso BLC, Ferreira TDT, Ferreira BN, Nunes CP. Estilo de vida e nível de atividade física em docentes universitários. Unimontes Científica. 2016;18(1):15-23.&#x0D; Ribeiro LA, Santana LC. Qualidade de vida no trabalho: fator decisivo para o sucesso organizacional. RIC Cairu. 2015;2(2):75-96,&#x0D; Ribeiro CVS, Leda DB. O trabalho docente no enfrentamento do gerencialismo nas universidades federais brasileiras: repercussões na subjetividade. Educ Rev. 2016;32(4):97-117.&#x0D;

Abstract During nervous system development, neurons send out axons, which must navigate large distances to reach synaptic targets. Axons grow out sequentially. The early outgrowing axons, pioneers, must integrate information from various guidance cues in their environment to determine the correct direction of outgrowth. Later outgrowing follower axons can at least in part navigate by adhering to pioneer axons. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the right side of the largest longitudinal axon tract, the ventral nerve cord, is pioneered by the AVG axon. How the AVG axon navigates is only partially understood. In this study we describe the role of two members of the IgCAM family, wrk-1 and rig-5, in AVG axon navigation. While wrk-1 and rig-5 single mutants do not show AVG navigation defects, both mutants have highly penetrant pioneer and follower navigation defects in a nid-1 mutant background. Both mutations increase the fraction of follower axons following the misguided pioneer axon. We found that wrk-1 and rig-5 act in different genetic pathways, suggesting that we identified two pioneer-independent guidance pathways used by follower axons. We assessed general locomotion, mechanosensory responsiveness and habituation to determine whether axonal navigation defects impact nervous system function. In rig-5 nid-1 double mutants we found no significant defects in free movement behaviour, however a subpopulation of animals shows minor changes in response duration habituation after mechanosensory stimulation. These results suggest that guidance defects of axons in the motor circuit do not necessarily lead to major movement or behavioural defects, but impact more complex behavioural modulation.

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We proposed an algorithm to automate the components within the identification of components within the nidus of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) which may be used to analyze the relationship between its diffuseness and treatment outcomes following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; to determine the impact of the diffuseness of the AVM nidus on SRS outcomes. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This study conducted regular follow-ups of 209 patients with unruptured AVMs who underwent SRS. The diffuseness of the AVM nidus was estimated by quantifying the proportions of vascular nidal component, brain parenchyma, and cerebrospinal fluid in T2-weighted MRIs. We used Cox regression analysis to characterize the association between nidal diffuseness and treatment outcomes in terms of obliteration rate and radiation-induced change (RICs) rate following SRS. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The median AVM volume was 20.7 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. The median duration of imaging follow-up was 51 months after SRS. The overall AVM obliteration rate was 68.4%. RICs were identified in 156 of the 209 patients (74.6%). The median proportions of the nidus of AVM and brain parenchyma components within the prescription isodose range were 30.2 and 52.2%, respectively. Cox regression multivariate analysis revealed that the only factor associated with AVM obliteration rate after SRS was AVM volume. However, a larger AVM volume (&amp;#x3e;20 mL) and a larger proportion of brain parenchyma (&amp;#x3e;50%) within the prescription isodose range were both correlated with a higher RIC rate following SRS. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The diffuseness of the nidus indeed appears to affect the RIC rate following SRS in patients with unruptured AVMs.

Edición de Oliver Lubrich y Thomas Nehrlich, traducción de José Aníbal Campos, Laura Cecilia Nicolás y Orestes Sandoval, México: Herder, AvH, Goethe Institut. 2 vols. Vol. I. 640 pp., ISBN 978-607-7727-82-8 Vol. II. 648 pp., ISBN 978-607-7727-84-2

Abstract Background and Aims There is a high prevalence of malnutrition (PEW) in patients on dialysis (HD-PD). There is no single tool to diagnose it, varying the percentage according to the one used. Aim To assess prevalence of malnutrition-inflammation by MIS scale (malnutrition-inflammation-score) in HD or PD patients of Spanish dialysis units. Method We evaluated 2937 patients on dialysis (HD+PD) in Spain were evaluated on the MIS scale strata (Kalantar-Zadeh 1999) also analyzing: Common data Age, sex, dialysis time, Charlson-I., RRF, albumin,prealbumin,Kt/V transferrin, CRP, DM , Specific-HD HD type, AVF or Catheter , Specific-PD PD-type, transport type. Statistical analysis with SPSS.23 software, using parametric and non-parametric test. Results We evaluate 2748 HD patients, median age 71 (RIC20), 65.90% male, median MIS 6 (RIC4), DM 36.91%, T in HD 36m (RIC54), FRR 35.44% , Charlson Index 7 (RIC4) and 186 in PD (62.96% men), median -age 62 (RIC 24), median-MIS 4 (RIC 2), T in PD of 18.5 m (RIC 23.5),DM 30.77%, FRR 79.89%, I Charlson 5 (RIC 4), In PDA 99pac-52.38%. Prevalence of global malnutrition (MIS&amp;gt;2) was 89% considering HD+DP and 50% when MIS&amp;gt;5 (table 1) In PD the higher normonutrides greater Kt/V in manual vs automatic not the malnourished ones. FRR significantly in greater % in normonutrides. No differences in malnutrition depending on carrier type. CRP sig major in MIS&amp;gt;2 and &amp;gt;5 In HD, Normo versus malnourished and with MIS&amp;gt;5 significant difference: HD type, CRP, HD Type, AVF vs catheter, age,sex. The prescription for Oral supplement was low and higher in HD 12.4% vs DP 6.3%. Conclusions 1.- There is a high prevalence of malnutrition on dialysis being higher in HD. 2.- In PD, FRR major and CRP minor in well-nourished versus malnourished. 3.- In HD: Normo versus malnourished and with MIS&amp;gt;5 significant difference: HD type, CRP,Charlson I. AVF vs catheter, age,sex. 4.- There is a percentage of malnourished patients with very low percentage of oral supplement.

Artikkelen retter fokus mot begrepet erfaringslæring, for å undersøke studenters læringsutbytte i spenningsfeltet mellom teoretisk undervisning og praksis. Utdrag fra fokusgruppesamtaler, valgt ut gjennom tematisk analyse, danner utgangspunkt for å diskutere hvordan ulike innganger til begrepet erfaringslæring kan skape mulighetsrom i møter med studenter som har rik praksiserfaring fra barnehagefeltet. I artikkelens teoretiske landskap beveger forfatterne seg fra Dewey, via Biesta og til Latour, for å utdype begrepet erfaringslæring. Lærerutdannere og studenters ideer om erfaringslæring og barnehagen som læringsarena problematiseres i lys av hva og hvordan kunnskapsressurser aktiveres i ulike praksiser. Avslutningsvis løftes noen dilemmaer som kan være fruktbare å problematisere for lærerutdanningene selv, i deres arbeid med læringsutbytte.Nøkkelord: Erfaringslæring, kunnskapsressurser, lærerutdannere, teori og praksis

TRK-fused gene (TFG, tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene) is known to negatively regulate the retinoic acid inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptor (RLR)-mediated interferon (IFN)-I pathway in human cells, thereby participating in the paramyxovirus infection process. We showed that pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) infection significantly upregulates TFG expression in infected cells at an early stage. We speculated that PPMV-1 would inhibit IFN activation by upregulating a negative regulator of the IFN pathway. This hypothesis was proved when TFG protein expression was knocked down by RNAi and the replication level of PPMV-1 virus decreased, which indicated that TFG upregulation in the early infection stage benefit virus replication. We next used the IFN-β promoter reporter system to evaluate the role of the TFG in the IFN pathway. The results showed that the TFG inhibited the IFN-β expression stimulated by RIG-I, MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), but did not inhibit IFN-β activated by the interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3), indicating that TFG may affect the function of TBK1, which play an important role in phosphorylation of the IRF3. Further experiments showed that the TFG inhibited the phosphorylation of TBK1, resulting in IRF3 being unable to be phosphorylated. Subsequent experiments on IFN pathway activation confirmed that the IRF3 phosphorylation level was significantly downregulated after overexpression of TFG, while the IFN-β promoter reporting experiment showed that TFG did not directly inhibit the IFN response activated by IRF3. This confirmed that TFG protein negatively regulates the IFN-β pathway by inhibiting TBK1 phosphorylation.

Background and Purpose: To evaluate, in a multicenter, retrospective cohort study, the outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for unruptured, intervention-naïve pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation pediatric AVM database from 1987-2018. Pediatric patients with unruptured, previously untreated AVMs who underwent SRS were included. The primary endpoint was a composite of hemorrhagic stroke, death, or permanently symptomatic radiation-induced changes (RIC). Results: The study cohort comprised 101 patients (mean follow-up 80.8 months). The primary endpoint occurred in 14%, comprising hemorrhage stroke, death, and permanent RIC in 6%, 3%, and 8%, respectively. Estimated probabilities of the primary endpoint were 5.2%, 10.8%, and 23.0% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively (Figure 1). Estimated probabilities of AVM obliteration at 5 and 10 years were 64% and 82%, respectively (Figure 2). Single SRS treatment (p=0.007) and higher margin dose (p=0.005) were predictors of obliteration. Subgroup analysis of Spetzler-Martin grade I-III AVMs estimated primary endpoint probabilities of 3.7%, 8.4%, and 18.7% at 2, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Conclusion: Treatment of unruptured, intervention-naïve AVMs in the pediatric population with SRS carries an approximately 2% annual risk of morbidity and mortality, which appears to plateau after 10 years. The poorly described natural history of pediatric AVMs makes any comparison of SRS versus conservative management imperfect. However, due to the young age at diagnosis and excessive cumulative life hemorrhage risk of an untreated AVM in a child, SRS is likely to have a favorable long-term risk-benefit profile for appropriately selected unruptured pediatric AVMs.

Hadis ilmi içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan cerh-ta‘dîl ilmi râvilerin güvenilirlik durumlarını tespit etme hususunda önemli bir görev üstlenmiştir. İlk zamanlarda cerh-ta‘dîl faaliyetinin gıybet olarak nitelenmesinin yanı sıra sonraki dönemlerde bir de münekkit âlimlerin sübjektif kararları eleştirilir olmuştur. İslam’ın ilk dönemlerinden itibaren ortaya çıkan fıkhî, itikâdî, ictimâî ve siyâsî ayrışmalar beraberinde Ehl-i hadis, Ehl-i rey, Ehl-i sünnet, Mu‘tezile, Cehmiyye, Kaderiyye, Mürcie gibi birçok farklı mezhebin teşekkülünü getirmiştir. Hadis râvileri ve cerh-ta‘dîl âlimleri de sahip oldukları görüşler sebebiyle herhangi bir fırkaya intisap etmişler, ileriki aşamada ise müntesibi oldukları mezheplerin etkisinde kalma ihtimalleri nedeniyle eleştirilmişlerdir. Bu sebeple cerh-ta‘dîl âlimlerinin tüm mezhebî taassuplardan arınmış, objektif ve aşırılıklardan uzak olması gerektiği gibi bazı şartlar aranmıştır. İlk dönem cerh-ta‘dîl âlimleri arasında yer alan Ebû İshâk el-Cûzcânî de özellikle Kûfeli râvilerin değerlendirmelerinde mezhep taassubunun etkisinde kalmakla ve hatta Nâsıbîlikle itham edilmiş, bu nedenle Kûfeli râviler hakkındaki değerlendirmelerinin dikkate alınmaması, diğer kaynaklardan araştırılması gerektiği ifade edilmiştir. Söz konusu iddialar farklı çalışmalara konu olmuş ve söz konusu durumun doğruluğu/yanlışlığı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte Cûzcânî’nin en çok eleştirdiği ikinci kesim olan Basralı râviler hakkında ise herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. İşte bu nedenle çalışmada, Ebû İshâk el-Cûzcânî’nin Basralı râvilere yönelik “Kaderî” değerlendirmeleri mezhep taassubu bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı Cûzcânî’ye yönelik söz konusu ithamın Basralı râviler için de geçerli olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Mezkûr amacı gerçekleştirmek için Cûzcânî’nin Ahvâlu’r-ricâl adlı eserinde Kaderî olarak nitelediği Basralı râviler ele alınmış, diğer münekkit âlimlerin râviler hakkındaki görüşleri tespit edilerek Cûzcânî’nin görüşleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma esnasında Cûzcânî’nin eserinde takip ettiği metot tercih edilmiş ve râvîler “Basralı Râviler” ve “Kaderî Râviler” olmak üzere iki başlık altında ele alınmıştır. İlk başlıkta on bir, ikinci başlıkta ise on olmak üzere toplam yirmi bir râvi hakkındaki Kaderîlik ithamı değerlendirilmiştir. Râvi değerlendirmelerine geçmeden önce Cûzcânî ve eseri hakkında kısaca bilgi verilmiş, hadis ilminde Kaderîlik ithamının tarihçesi ve boyutları hakkında bazı bilgiler aktarılmıştır. Çalışma neticesinde Cûzcânî’nin Basralı râviler hakkındaki değerlendirmelerinin büyük oranda diğer münekkit âlimlerin görüşleriyle örtüştüğü; yirmi bir râvi içerisinde sadece iki râvinin değerlendirmesinde Cûzcânî’nin müteşeddit davrandığı tespit edilmiştir. Nitekim Ebû Ubeyde en-Nâcî ve Abdülvâhid b. Zeyd hakkında kaynaklarda herhangi bir Kaderîlik ithamı bulunmamakla birlikte Cûzcânî bu isimleri Kaderî oldukları gerekçesiyle cerh etmiştir. Benzer şekilde Cûzcânî’nin zayıf ve Kaderî olarak nitelediği Abbâd b. Mansûr ve Avf b. Ebî Cemîle ise diğer cerh-ta‘dîl âlimleri tarafından hadis ilminde güvenilir kabul edilmişlerdir. Atâ b. Ebî Meymûne’yi “Kaderîlerin lideri” olarak niteleyen Cûzcânî’nin bu değerlendirmesinde tek kaldığı, diğer cerh-ta‘dîl âlimlerinin onun Kaderî görüşlerinin az olduğu düşüncesini taşıdıkları da çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlar arasındadır. Görüldüğü üzere çok az sayıda râvinin değerlendirmesinde Cûzcânî ve diğer cerh-ta‘dîl âlimlerinin görüşleri uyuşmazken diğer değerlendirmelerde büyük oranda uyumluluk göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla Cûzcânî’nin râvi değerlendirmelerinde mezhep taassubunun etkisinde kaldığını söylemek mümkün görünmemektedir. Buradan hareketle benzer çalışmaların hakkında mezhep taassubu bulunduğu iddia edilen diğer cerh-ta‘dîl âlimlerinin değerlendirmeleri için de yapılmasının gerekliliğini ifade etmek gerekmektedir.

Aim: Why are most of the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with unknown etiology? An attempt to solve the riddle, An attempt to study the unknown role of the arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA), an attempt to finally clarify the causes of cardiac arrhythmia. Methods: Medical consultations, information search in literature, participation in medical conferences, correspondence with scientists, discussions with Russian leading cardiologists. Results: The official medicine: arteriovenous anastomosis (fistulas) - an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein. Normally, blood flows from arteries into the capillaries and then into the veins. Most cardiologists agree that the role of small or large AVA in human circulatory system is still poorly understood. We have found that along with the positive role, the anastomoses, especially large AVA, periodically have pathological effects on the cardiovascular system. The device “Cardiocode” was used for testing. Large arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA) can be opened under the influence of stress or physical loads. Periodically, the pressure change in the arteries and veins. Vena cava expands, its wall’s tone increases and pulse waves start to path through the AVA along the elastic walls of the vena cava to the right atrium and to the neck veins. Mechanical impulses can excite heart from various points of the atria or ventricles, disrupting the sinus rhythm. The result is the following: extrasystoles appear, tachycardia attacks, at the same time the blood flow is blocked on almost all the peripheral segments of circulatory system, edemata appear. Increased venous pressure stops the capillary circulation, which eventually leads to heart failure, even in a healthy heart. Severe metabolic disorders, it appears that leads to disease comorbidity, to venous congestion, to disease pelvic, to heart failure, to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Conclusions: I think we are approaching in the understanding of CVD. The absence of special breathing exercises, drinking large amounts of beer, smoking, lack of exercise and presence of large AVA can sometimes lead to a variety of diseases, to metabolic diseases. To get rid of the attacks of cardiac arrhythmias and the prevention of SCD we need to find some way to suppress the mechanical waves running through AVA, as “reentry” phenomenon has a mechanical nature. It is necessary to continue studying the AVA to develop new measures for neutralizing the pathological events associated with the open AVA.

Aim: Why are most of the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with unknown etiology? An attempt to solve the riddle, An attempt to study the unknown role of the arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA), an attempt to finally clarify the causes of cardiac arrhythmia. Methods: Medical consultations, information search in literature, participation in medical conferences, correspondence with scientists, discussions with Russian leading cardiologists. Results: The official medicine: arteriovenous anastomosis (fistulas) - an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein. Normally, blood flows from arteries into the capillaries and then into the veins. Most cardiologists agree that the role of small or large AVA in human circulatory system is still poorly understood. We have found that along with the positive role, the anastomoses, especially large AVA, periodically have pathological effects on the cardiovascular system. The device “Cardiocode” was used for testing. Large arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA) can be opened under the influence of stress or physical loads. Periodically, the pressure change in the arteries and veins. Vena cava expands, its wall’s tone increases and pulse waves start to path through the AVA along the elastic walls of the vena cava to the right atrium and to the neck veins. Mechanical impulses can excite heart from various points of the atria or ventricles, disrupting the sinus rhythm. The result is the following: extrasystoles appear, tachycardia attacks, at the same time the blood flow is blocked on almost all the peripheral segments of circulatory system, edemata appear. Increased venous pressure stops the capillary circulation, which eventually leads to heart failure, even in a healthy heart. Severe metabolic disorders, it appears that leads to disease comorbidity, to venous congestion, to disease pelvic, to heart failure, to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Conclusions: I think we are approaching in the understanding of CVD. The absence of special breathing exercises, drinking large amounts of beer, smoking, lack of exercise and presence of large AVA can sometimes lead to a variety of diseases, to metabolic diseases. To get rid of the attacks of cardiac arrhythmias and the prevention of SCD we need to find some way to suppress the mechanical waves running through AVA, as “reentry” phenomenon has a mechanical nature. It is necessary to continue studying the AVA to develop new measures for neutralizing the pathological events associated with the open AVA.

Abstract Objective Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) present different characteristics from sporadic AVMs, and they have lower initial bleeding rates. Conservative management is usually preferred for the treatment of these lesions. In this case study, we present the largest series of HHT patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery to date. Methods We identified eight patients with HHT and 14 AVMs. We retrospectively collected clinical, radiographic, and treatment characteristics of the patients and each AVM. Results Most patients in our sample presented with small AVMs. The median volume of these AVMs was 0.22 cm3 (IQR 0.08–0.59). Three out of eight patients presented with initial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The majority of lesions had low (12/14) Spetzler-Martin grades (I–II). Median maximum and margin doses used for treatment were 36.2 (IQR 35.25–44.4) and 20 (IQR 18–22.5) Gy, respectively. The overall obliteration rate after SRS was 11/14, and the median time to obliteration across all 11 obliterated AVMs was 35.83 months (IQR, 17–39.99). Neurological status was favorable with all patients having a mRS of 0 or 1 at the last follow-up. Symptomatic radiation-induced changes (RIC) after SRS were low (7.1%), and there were no permanent RIC. Conclusions Patients with HHT who present with multiple brain AVMs are generally well served by SRS. Obliteration can be achieved in the majority of HHT patients and with a low complication rate. In the current study, initial hemorrhage rates prior to SRS were noticeable which supports the decision to treat these AVMs. Future studies are needed to better address the role of SRS for HHT patients harboring ruptured and unruptured AVMs.

Intro: Cardiac risk rises during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and in long COVID syndrome, but the mechanisms behind COVID-19-linked arrhythmias are unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that innate immune activation and mitochondrial ROS contribute to cardiac conduction abnormalities and pulmonary dysfunction in a COVID-19 hamster model. Results: ECGs and subpleural pressures were recorded by radiotelemetry over a 4-week timespan after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multiple cardiac arrhythmias were observed, including bradycardia, sinus pauses, and atrioventricular block (AVB). RR intervals and sinus arrhythmia (RR&gt; mean+100ms, RR100) increased transiently 3-5 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection (baseline/peak: RR, 167±3ms/241±7ms; RR100, 5.5±0.4min -1 /22.7±3.0min -1 ) and returned to levels ≤ baseline by 7 dpi. After the acute phase, these measures increased above baseline over 3 weeks (at 28dpi: RR, 190±2ms, p&lt;0.05; RR100, 13.4±1.0 min -1 , p&lt;0.01). AVB count peaked at 3.1±0.1 min -1 at 1 dpi and gradually decreased to 0.4±0.2 min -1 by 28 dpi (vs. 0.004±0.002 at 0 dpi, p&lt;0.05). These parameters did not change in Mock-infected controls. RT-PCR showed that RIG-I, CXCL-10, OAS1, IL-1b and CCL-2 expression increased 18, 7, 2, 3, and 2-fold, respectively, over Mock controls at 4 dpi. IF analysis of the His-bundle region showed increased abundance of inflammatory IBA-1 + macrophages and decreased anti-inflammatory CD163 + macrophages. Ruxolitinib (Jak/Stat inhibitor) or mitochondrial antioxidant (mitoTEMPO) treatments were administered via implanted osmotic pumps. Subpleural pressure recordings indicated that infection induced tachypnea peaking at 7 dpi (272±11 versus 81±17 breaths/min at 0 dpi, p&lt;0.0001), which was attenuated by either treatment (peak: mitoTEMPO, 170±10; Ruxo,184±14). MitoTEMPO, but not Ruxolitinib, suppressed the increases in RR, RR100, and AVB during the acute phase and prevented the secondary changes in these measures in the post-acute phase (up to 28 dpi). Conclusions: The hamster model recapitulates a subset of arrhythmias observed in COVID-19 patients. Jak/Stat inhibition or mitoTEMPO treatment both mitigated acute respiratory distress, but only the latter suppressed arrhythmias during the acute and late phases of COVID-19.

O artigo aborda a pesquisa e a produção poética realizada em coautoria com a artista Anieli Martins, cocriadora do Centro Compacto de Devaneio: laboratório poético, localizado na cidade de Pedro Osório-RS. Discuto os encontros com os moradores e as experiências no Centro e em outros lugares da cidade, como a elaboração e distribuição de impressos múltiplos, panfletos, adesivos e a ação Propagandeando Poesia, realizada com uma bicicleta sonora. A instauração deste lugar e de suas ações levanta questões relativas à cidade de Pedro Osório, suas especificidades geográficas e sua condição de região atravessada pelo rio Piratini, que seguidamente transborda. Evidenciamos os laços com uma arte que se realiza em contexto real, no espaço urbano e em situações existentes. O desenvolvimento de minha produção poética emerge da relação estabelecida - junto a Anieli - com a cidade, o rio, as pessoas e as memórias. Levantamos como essa produção inserida em seu corpo social e em locais específicos também possa ser apresentada em outros locais (como galerias), com o interesse de ativar o rio e sua potência de transbordar história e marcas sensíveis.Palavras-chave: Centro Compacto de Devaneio; Rio Piratini; Arte Contextual. COMPACT DAYDREAMING CENTER City - River Grandma’s House as an Alternative Space for Contemporary ArtAbstract: This article addresses the research and poetic production carried out in co-authorship with the artist Anieli Martins, co-creator of the Compact Center of City Daydreaming: a poetic laboratory, located in the city of Pedro Osório, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. I discuss the meetings with residents and the experiences at the Center and actions at other urban locations, such as the elaboration and distribution of multiples, printed matter, stickers and the action Propaganding Poetry, performed using a sonorous bicycle. The establishment of this Center and its actions raises questions related to the city of Pedro Osório, its geographical specificities and its condition as a region crossed through by the Piratini River, which often overflows. We highlight the ties with an art that takes place in a real context, in urban space and in existing situations. The development of my poetic production emerges from the relationship established - together with Anieli - with the city, the river, people and memories. We raise the question of this production inserted in its social body and in specific places, also being presented in other places (such as galleries), with the interest of activating the river and its power to overflow history and sensitive signs.Keywords: Compact Daydream Center; Piratini River; Contextual Art.

Dirig&eacute;e par Erik et Birgitta P. Hallager, cette monographie pr&eacute;sente les r&eacute;sultats des fouilles hell&eacute;nico-su&eacute;doises men&eacute;es sur la colline de Kastelli, &agrave; Aghia Aikaterini, dans la ville de La Can&eacute;e (Cr&egrave;te occidentale), entre 1970 et 1987, puis en 2001, 2005 et 2008. Ce tome est le cinqui&egrave;me d&rsquo;une s&eacute;rie dont les quatre premiers s&rsquo;int&eacute;ressaient, respectivement, aux p&eacute;riodes g&eacute;om&eacute;trique &agrave; moderne, aux niveaux MRIIIC1 , MRIIIB2 et MRIIIB1-A2. Le volume VI portera sur la p&eacute;riode n&eacute;opalatiale et le volume VII sur les niveaux du Minoen Ancien et du Minoen Moyen. Le pr&eacute;sent ouvrage est consacr&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tude des niveaux MRII-MRIIIA1 (1450 &ndash; 1390/1370 av. J.-C. environ). Il apporte un &eacute;clairage nouveau sur l&rsquo;administration &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;poque de la &laquo; Cr&egrave;te myc&eacute;nienne &raquo;, sur les &eacute;changes et sur les influences culturelles en Cr&egrave;te occidentale, enfin, sur certains aspects de la vie quotidienne &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;poque post-palatiale. Ce sont ces trois axes qui sont discut&eacute;s dans le compte rendu propos&eacute; ici.