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Journal articles on the topic 'Asteroid Ryugu'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ota, Tsutomu, Christian Potiszil, Katsura Kobayashi, et al. "The Formation of a Rubble Pile Asteroid: Insights from the Asteroid Ryugu." Universe 9, no. 6 (2023): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9060293.

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The Hayabusa2 mission returned primitive samples from the C-type asteroid Ryugu to Earth. The C-type asteroids hold clues to the origin of Earth’s water and the building blocks of life. The rubble pile structure of C-type asteroids is a crucial physical feature relating to their origin and evolution. A rubble pile asteroid is hypothesized to be bound primarily by self-gravity with a significant void space among irregularly shaped materials after catastrophic impacts between larger asteroids. However, the geological observations from Hayabusa2 and the analyses of the returned sample from Ryugu

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2

Miura, Hitoshi, Eizo Nakamura, and Tak Kunihiro. "The Asteroid 162173 Ryugu: a Cometary Origin." Astrophysical Journal Letters 925, no. 2 (2022): L15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac4bd5.

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Abstract The Japanese Hayabusa2 mission has revealed in detail the physical characteristics of the C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu, in particular, its spinning top-shaped rubble-pile structure and potentially high organic content. A widely accepted formation scenario for Ryugu is catastrophic collision between larger asteroids and the subsequent slow gravitational accumulation of collisional debris. An alternative scenario is that Ryugu is an extinct comet that lost its icy components. Here, we numerically simulated the sublimation of water ice from a porous cometary nucleus until the refractory

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3

Brunetto, R., C. Lantz, Y. Fukuda, et al. "Ryugu’s Anhydrous Ingredients and Their Spectral Link to Primitive Dust from the Outer Solar System." Astrophysical Journal Letters 951, no. 2 (2023): L33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acdf5c.

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Abstract Ryugu is a second-generation C-type asteroid formed by the reassembly of fragments of a previous larger body in the main asteroid belt. While the majority of Ryugu samples returned by Hayabusa2 are composed of a lithology dominated by aqueously altered minerals, clasts of pristine olivine and pyroxene remain in the least-altered lithologies. These clasts are objects of great interest for revealing the composition of the dust from which the original building blocks of Ryugu's parent asteroid formed. Here we show that some grains rich in olivine, pyroxene, and amorphous silicates discov

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4

Yada, Toru, Masanao Abe, Tatsuaki Okada, et al. "Preliminary analysis of the Hayabusa2 samples returned from C-type asteroid Ryugu." Nature Astronomy 6, no. 2 (2021): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01550-6.

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AbstractC-type asteroids1 are considered to be primitive small Solar System bodies enriched in water and organics, providing clues to the origin and evolution of the Solar System and the building blocks of life. C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu has been characterized by remote sensing2–7 and on-asteroid measurements8,9 with Hayabusa2 (ref. 10). However, the ground truth provided by laboratory analysis of returned samples is invaluable to determine the fine properties of asteroids and other planetary bodies. We report preliminary results of analyses on returned samples from Ryugu of the particle si

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5

Herd, Christopher D. K. "Analyzing asteroid Ryugu." Science 379, no. 6634 (2023): 784–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade4188.

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6

Tachibana, Shogo, and Nami Sakai. "Asteroidal Organics from the Sample Return Mission Hayabusa2 and their Implication for Understanding our Origins." Elements 20, no. 1 (2024): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.20.1.31.

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The C-type asteroid Ryugu samples returned by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft are the chemically most pristine material in the Solar System, as they have not been exposed to terrestrial environments. The organic matter in Ryugu records the molecular evolution from the Sun’s parent molecular cloud chemistry to asteroidal aqueous alteration. In this article, we review the results of Ryugu sample analysis and discuss the evolution of organic matter in the early Solar System by comparing these results with recent radio and infrared observations of protostars and protoplanetary disks.

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7

Barosch, Jens, Larry R. Nittler, Jianhua Wang, et al. "Presolar Stardust in Asteroid Ryugu." Astrophysical Journal Letters 935, no. 1 (2022): L3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac83bd.

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Abstract We have conducted a NanoSIMS-based search for presolar material in samples recently returned from C-type asteroid Ryugu as part of JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission. We report the detection of all major presolar grain types with O- and C-anomalous isotopic compositions typically identified in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites: 1 silicate, 1 oxide, 1 O-anomalous supernova grain of ambiguous phase, 38 SiC, and 16 carbonaceous grains. At least two of the carbonaceous grains are presolar graphites, whereas several grains with moderate C isotopic anomalies are probably organics. The presolar silica

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8

Bizzarro, Martin, Martin Schiller, Tetsuya Yokoyama, et al. "The Magnesium Isotope Composition of Samples Returned from Asteroid Ryugu." Astrophysical Journal Letters 958, no. 2 (2023): L25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad09d9.

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Abstract The nucleosynthetic isotope composition of planetary materials provides a record of the heterogeneous distribution of stardust within the early solar system. In 2020 December, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Hayabusa2 spacecraft returned to Earth the first samples of a primitive asteroid, namely, the Cb-type asteroid Ryugu. This provides a unique opportunity to explore the kinship between primitive asteroids and carbonaceous chondrites. We report high-precision μ 26Mg* and μ 25Mg values of Ryugu samples together with those of CI, CM, CV, and ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites. T

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9

Tanaka, Ryoji, Dilan M. Ratnayake, Tsutomu Ota, et al. "Unraveling the Cr Isotopes of Ryugu: An Accurate Aqueous Alteration Age and the Least Thermally Processed Solar System Material." Astrophysical Journal 965, no. 1 (2024): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad276a.

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Abstract The analysis of samples returned from the C-type asteroid Ryugu has drastically advanced our knowledge of the evolution of early solar system materials. However, no consensus has been obtained on the chronological data, which is important for understanding the evolution of the asteroid Ryugu. Here, the aqueous alteration age of Ryugu particles was determined by the Mn–Cr method using bulk samples, yielding an age of 4.13 + 0.62/−0.55 Myr after the formation of Ca–Al-rich inclusions (CAI). The age corresponds to 4563.17 + 0.60/−0.67 Myr ago. The higher 55Mn/52Cr, ε 54Cr, and initial ε

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10

Praet, A., M. A. Barucci, P. H. Hasselmann, et al. "Hydrogen abundance estimation model and application to (162173) Ryugu." Astronomy & Astrophysics 649 (May 2021): L16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140900.

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Context. The JAXA asteroid sample return mission Hayabusa2 acquired a huge quantity of data from the asteroid (162173) Ryugu during its 1.5 years in asteroid proximity orbit. On December 5, 2020 (Japan time), Hayabusa brought back to Earth a 5.4 g sample from Ryugu’s surface. Aims. We analyzed the near-infrared spectra of Ryugu, in particular the band at 2.72 μm, with the aim to investigate the hydrogen content of the H2O and OH− groups in hydrated phyllosilicates on Ryugu’s surface. Aims. We applied two different methods, normalized optical path length (NOPL) and effective single-particle abs

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11

Potiszil, Christian, Masahiro Yamanaka, Chie Sakaguchi, et al. "Organic Matter in the Asteroid Ryugu: What We Know So Far." Life 13, no. 7 (2023): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13071448.

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The Hayabusa2 mission was tasked with returning samples from the C-complex asteroid Ryugu (1999 JU3), in order to shed light on the formation, evolution and composition of such asteroids. One of the main science objectives was to understand whether such bodies could have supplied the organic matter required for the origin of life on Earth. Here, a review of the studies concerning the organic matter within the Ryugu samples is presented. This review will inform the reader about the Hayabusa2 mission, the nature of the organic matter analyzed and the various interpretations concerning the analyt

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12

Hyodo, Ryuki, and Keisuke Sugiura. "Formation of Moons and Equatorial Ridge around Top-shaped Asteroids after Surface Landslide." Astrophysical Journal Letters 937, no. 2 (2022): L36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac922d.

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Abstract Top-shaped asteroids have been observed among near-Earth asteroids. About half of them are reported to have moons (on the order of ∼1 wt.% of the top-shaped primary) and many of them have an equatorial ridge. A recent study has shown that the enigmatic top-shaped figure of asteroids (e.g., Ryugu, Bennu, and Didymos) could result from an axisymmetric landslide of the primary during a fast spin-up near the breakup rotation period. Such a landslide would inevitably form a particulate disk around an asteroid with a short timescale (∼3 hr). However, the long-term full dynamical evolution i

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13

Tang, Haolan, Edward D. Young, Lauren Tafla, et al. "The Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Samples Returned from Asteroid Ryugu with Implications for the Nature of the Parent Planetesimal." Planetary Science Journal 4, no. 8 (2023): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/acea62.

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Abstract We present oxygen isotopic analyses of fragments of the near-Earth Cb-type asteroid Ryugu returned by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft that reinforce the close correspondence between Ryugu and CI chondrites. Small differences between Ryugu samples and CI chondrites in Δ ′ 17 O can be explained at least in part by contamination of the latter by terrestrial water. The discovery that a randomly sampled C-complex asteroid is composed of CI-chondrite-like rock, combined with thermal models for formation prior to significant decay of the short-lived radioisotope 26Al, suggests that if lithified at

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14

Dartois, Emmanuel, Yoko Kebukawa, Hikaru Yabuta, et al. "Chemical composition of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu from synchrotron spectroscopy in the mid- to far-infrared of Hayabusa2-returned samples." Astronomy & Astrophysics 671 (February 27, 2023): A2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244702.

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Context. The current period is conducive to exploring our Solar System's origins with recent and future space sample return missions, which provide invaluable information from known Solar System asteroids and comets The Hayabusa2 mission of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) recently brought back samples from the surface of the Ryugu carbonaceous asteroid. Aims. We aim to identify the different forms of chemical composition of organic matter and minerals that constitute these Solar System primitive objects, to shed light on the Solar System's origins. Methods. In this work, we recor

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15

Laforet, Sylvain, Corentin Le Guillou, Francisco de la Peña, et al. "Linking Cause and Effect: Nanoscale Vibrational Spectroscopy of Space Weathering from Asteroid Ryugu." Astrophysical Journal Letters 963, no. 2 (2024): L45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad2b65.

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Abstract Airless bodies are subjected to space-weathering effects that modify the first few microns of their surface. Therefore, understanding their impact on the optical properties of asteroids is key to the interpretation of their color variability and infrared reflectance observations. The recent Hayabusa2 sample return mission to asteroid Ryugu offers the first opportunity to study these effects, in the case of the most abundant spectral type among the main-asteroid belt, C-type objects. This study employs vibrational electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscop

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16

Smith, Keith T. "Blowing a crater in asteroid Ryugu." Science 368, no. 6486 (2020): 42.6–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.368.6486.42-f.

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17

Smith, Keith T. "Collecting a sample of asteroid Ryugu." Science 368, no. 6491 (2020): 616.5–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.368.6491.616-e.

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18

Piani, Laurette, Kazuhide Nagashima, Noriyuki Kawasaki, et al. "Hydrogen Isotopic Composition of Hydrous Minerals in Asteroid Ryugu." Astrophysical Journal Letters 946, no. 2 (2023): L43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc393.

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Abstract Rock fragments of the Cb-type asteroid Ryugu returned to Earth by the JAXA Hayabusa2 mission share mineralogical, chemical, and isotopic properties with the Ivuna-type (CI) carbonaceous chondrites. Similar to CI chondrites, these fragments underwent extensive aqueous alteration and consist predominantly of hydrous minerals likely formed in the presence of liquid water on the Ryugu parent asteroid. Here we present an in situ analytical survey performed by secondary ion mass spectrometry from which we have estimated the D/H ratio of Ryugu’s hydrous minerals, D/HRyugu, to be [165 ± 19] ×

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19

Tatsumi, E., D. Domingue, S. Schröder, et al. "Global photometric properties of (162173) Ryugu." Astronomy & Astrophysics 639 (July 2020): A83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937096.

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Context. The Hayabusa2 spacecraft launched by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has been conducting observations of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu since June 2018. The Telescopic Optical Navigation Camera (ONC-T) onboard Hayabusa2 has obtained thousands of images under a variety of illumination and viewing conditions. Aims. Our objective is to examine and validate the camera calibration, derive a photometric correction for creating global albedo maps, and to interpret the photometric modeling results to characterize the surface of Ryugu. Methods. We observed (162173) Ryugu with the Gemini-South

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20

James, Chaneil. "Asteroid sample offers clues to the origins of the solar system." Physics World 35, no. 9 (2022): 5ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/35/09/07.

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21

Tachibana, S., H. Sawada, R. Okazaki, et al. "Pebbles and sand on asteroid (162173) Ryugu: In situ observation and particles returned to Earth." Science 375, no. 6584 (2022): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abj8624.

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The Hayabusa2 spacecraft investigated the C-type (carbonaceous) asteroid (162173) Ryugu. The mission performed two landing operations to collect samples of surface and subsurface material, the latter exposed by an artificial impact. We present images of the second touchdown site, finding that ejecta from the impact crater was present at the sample location. Surface pebbles at both landing sites show morphological variations ranging from rugged to smooth, similar to Ryugu’s boulders, and shapes from quasi-spherical to flattened. The samples were returned to Earth on 6 December 2020. We describe

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22

Northrup, Paul, Ryan Tappero, Timothy D. Glotch, et al. "Chemistry in Retrieved Ryugu Asteroid Samples Revealed by Non-Invasive X-ray Microanalyses: Pink-Beam Fluorescence CT and Tender-Energy Absorption Spectroscopy." Geosciences 14, no. 4 (2024): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14040111.

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The Hayabusa2 space mission recently retrieved 5.4 g of material from asteroid Ryugu, providing the first direct access to pristine material from a carbonaceous asteroid. This study employs a novel combination of non-invasive synchrotron X-ray techniques to examine microscale chemistry (elemental distributions and element-specific chemical speciation and local structure) inside Ryugu grains without physically cutting the samples. Manganese primarily occurs in carbonate: Mn-bearing dolomite with minor earlier ankerite. Iron sulfides present as large single grains and as smaller particles in the

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23

Morate, David, Julia de León, Mário De Prá, et al. "The last pieces of the primitive inner belt puzzle: Klio, Chaldaea, Chimaera, and Svea." Astronomy & Astrophysics 630 (October 2019): A141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935992.

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Aims. Several primitive families in the inner region of the main asteroid belt were identified as potential sources for two near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), (101955) Bennu and (162173) Ryugu, targets of the sample-return missions OSIRIS-REx and Hayabusa2, respectively. Four of the families, located at high proper inclinations (i > 10°), have not yet been compositionally studied: Klio, Chaldaea, Chimaera, and Svea. We want to characterize and analyze these families within the context of our PRIMitive Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey (PRIMASS), in order to complete the puzzle of the origins of the t

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24

DeCoster, Mallory E., Angela M. Stickle, Emma S. G. Rainey, and Dawn M. Graninger. "Statistical Analysis of Near-surface Structure and Material Properties on Momentum Transfer in Rubble Pile Targets Impacted by Kinetic Impactors." Planetary Science Journal 5, no. 11 (2024): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ad7cff.

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Abstract Rubble pile asteroids consist of reassembled fragments of once larger monolithic asteroid parent bodies. Recent spacecraft missions to asteroids like Itokawa, Ryugu, Bennu, and Dimorphos suggest that rubble pile asteroids are common in the asteroid population, and rubble piles could be a likely structure among potentially hazardous objects. Therefore, it is important to understand the response of rubble pile targets to kinetic impacts for potential future deflection needs. The recent Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission motivates an investigation of kinetic impacts into rub

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Morota, T., S. Sugita, Y. Cho, et al. "Sample collection from asteroid (162173) Ryugu by Hayabusa2: Implications for surface evolution." Science 368, no. 6491 (2020): 654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz6306.

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The near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu is thought to be a primitive carbonaceous object that contains hydrated minerals and organic molecules. We report sample collection from Ryugu’s surface by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft on 21 February 2019. Touchdown images and global observations of surface colors are used to investigate the stratigraphy of the surface around the sample location and across Ryugu. Latitudinal color variations suggest the reddening of exposed surface material by solar heating and/or space weathering. Immediately after touchdown, Hayabusa2’s thrusters disturbed dark, fine grains

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26

Castelvecchi, Davide. "Daring Japanese mission reaches unexplored asteroid Ryugu." Nature 558, no. 7711 (2018): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-05544-9.

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27

Barucci, M. A., P. H. Hasselmann, M. Fulchignoni, et al. "Multivariable statistical analysis of spectrophotometry and spectra of (162173) Ryugu as observed by JAXA Hayabusa2 mission." Astronomy & Astrophysics 629 (August 23, 2019): A13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935851.

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Context. Starting from late June 2018, the JAXA asteroid sample return mission Hayabusa2 acquired a large quantity of resolved images and spectra of the surface of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu. Aims. By studying the visible and near-infrared spectral behavior across the surface of Ryugu using a statistical analysis, we aim to distinguish spectral homogeneous groups and to detect the small heterogeneities. This allows us to better constrain the surface composition variations. Methods. In order to isolate and interpret the difference in the asteroid surface spectral behavior, we applied the G-mod

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28

Otto, K. A., K.-D. Matz, S. E. Schröder, et al. "Surface roughness of asteroid (162173) Ryugu and comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko inferred from in situ observations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 3 (2020): 3178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3314.

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ABSTRACT Alteration processes on asteroid and comet surfaces, such as thermal fracturing, (micrometeorite) impacts or volatile outgassing, are complex mechanisms that form diverse surface morphologies and roughness on various scales. These mechanisms and their interaction may differ on the surfaces of different bodies. Asteroid Ryugu and comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, both, have been visited by landers that imaged the surfaces in high spatial resolution. We investigate the surface morphology and roughness of Ryugu and 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko based on high-resolution in situ images of 0.2 a

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29

Shoji, Daigo. "Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Micrometeoroid Bombardment for Space Weathering of Asteroid (162173) Ryugu." Astrophysical Journal 973, no. 1 (2024): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad70b0.

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Abstract Remote sensing observations by Hayabusa2 and laboratory measurements have revealed that the phyllosilicates on asteroid (162173) Ryugu are dehydrated/dehydroxylated due to space weathering. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations were performed to evaluate the magnitude of the dehydroxylation of Mg-rich serpentine by micrometeoroid impacts. When micrometeoroids were not coupled with interplanetary magnetic fields, serpentine could be dehydroxylated by micrometeoroids as small as 2 nm in size. In particular, ∼200 O–H bonds dissociated when the meteoroids were derived from cometary acti

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30

Matsuoka, Moe, Ei-ichi Kagawa, Kana Amano, et al. "Space weathering acts strongly on the uppermost surface of Ryugu." Communications Earth & Environment 4, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00991-3.

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AbstractReturned samples from Cb-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu exhibit very dark spectra in visible and near-infrared ranges, generally consistent with the Hayabusa2 observations. A critical difference is that a structural water absorption of hydrous silicates is around twice as deep in the returned samples compared with those of Ryugu’s surface, suggesting Ryugu surface is more dehydrated. Here we use laboratory experiments data to indicate the spectral differences between returned samples and asteroid surface are best explained if Ryugu surface has (1) higher porosity, (2) larger particle siz

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31

Kurosawa, Kosuke, Ryota Moriwaki, Hikaru Yabuta, Ko Ishibashi, Goro Komatsu, and Takafumi Matsui. "Ryugu’s observed volatile loss did not arise from impact heating alone." Communications Earth & Environment 2, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00218-3.

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AbstractCarbonaceous asteroids, including Ryugu and Bennu, which have been explored by the Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx missions, were probably important carriers of volatiles to the inner Solar System. However, Ryugu has experienced significant volatile loss, possibly from hypervelocity impact heating. Here we present impact experiments at speeds comparable to those expected in the main asteroid belt (3.7 km s−1 and 5.8 km s−1) and with analogue target materials. We find that loss of volatiles from the target material due to impacts is not sufficient to account for the observed volatile depletion

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32

Amano, Kana, Moe Matsuoka, Tomoki Nakamura, et al. "Reassigning CI chondrite parent bodies based on reflectance spectroscopy of samples from carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu and meteorites." Science Advances 9, no. 49 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi3789.

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The carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu has been explored by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft to elucidate the actual nature of hydrous asteroids. Laboratory analyses revealed that the samples from Ryugu are comparable to unheated CI carbonaceous chondrites; however, reflectance spectra of Ryugu samples and CIs do not coincide. Here, we demonstrate that Ryugu sample spectra are reproduced by heating Orgueil CI chondrite at 300°C under reducing conditions, which caused dehydration of terrestrial weathering products and reduction of iron in phyllosilicates. Terrestrial weathering of CIs accounts for the spectra

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33

Redd, Nola. "A Target Before Shooting Ryugu." Eos 100 (February 26, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019eo117057.

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Genge, Matthew J., Natasha V. Almeida, Matthias van Ginneken, Lewis Pinault, Penelope J. Wozniakiewicz, and Hajime Yano. "Evidence from 162173 Ryugu for the influence of freeze–thaw on the hydration of asteroids." Nature Astronomy, September 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02369-7.

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AbstractHydrated asteroids are likely to be main source of water for the terrestrial planets. The controls on the extent of asteroid hydration, however, are poorly understood. Here we report the discovery of multiple fracture and vein sets in a sample from the C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu that acted as pathways for the migration of distal fluids during its aqueous alteration. Early veins in Ryugu are decorated with framboidal magnetite, while later veins caused metasomatism of wall rocks. Both veins and fractures have cuspate geometries and complex intersecting geometries consistent with freez

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35

Harrison, C. S., A. J. King, R. H. Jones, et al. "Iron and copper sulfides in asteroid (162173) Ryugu: Formation conditions and a comparison to the CI and CY chondrites." Meteoritics & Planetary Science, January 20, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.14312.

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AbstractJAXA's Hayabusa2 sample return mission visited the volatile‐rich carbonaceous (C‐type) asteroid (162173) Ryugu with the aim of ground‐truthing remote observations, returning a pristine sample from a C‐type asteroid, and strengthening links between asteroids and the meteorite collection. Here, we have conducted a systematic study of coarse (>10 μm) sulfide grains in Ryugu particles C0025‐01 and C0103‐02, the CI chondrites Orgueil and Ivuna, and the CY chondrites Y‐86029 (Stage III, heated to 500–750°C) and Y‐86720 (Stage IV, >750°C), using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and el

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36

De Gregorio, Bradley, George D. Cody, Rhonda M. Stroud, et al. "Variations of organic functional chemistry in carbonaceous matter from the asteroid 162173 Ryugu." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51731-w.

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AbstractPrimordial carbon delivered to the early earth by asteroids and meteorites provided a diverse source of extraterrestrial organics from pre-existing simple organic compounds, complex solar-irradiated macromolecules, and macromolecules from extended hydrothermal processing. Surface regolith collected by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft from the carbon-rich asteroid 162173 Ryugu present a unique opportunity to untangle the sources and processing history of carbonaceous matter. Here we show carbonaceous grains in Ryugu can be classified into three main populations defined by spectral shape: Highly

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Tkalcec, B. J., P. Tack, E. De Pauw, et al. "A comprehensive study of apatite grains in Ryugu rock fragments." Meteoritics & Planetary Science, May 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.14177.

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AbstractApatite is present as an accessory phase in many meteorites and is often formed as a secondary product of aqueous alteration. Its propensity to incorporate rare earth elements (REE) results in apatite usually being the main REE‐bearing phase in hydrously altered meteorites. Asteroid Ryugu is thought to have experienced pervasive aqueous alteration and material collected from the surface of Ryugu is expected to provide insight into asteroidal aqueous alteration processes without influence by terrestrial weathering. Morphologies and mineral associations of apatite grains from five rock f

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Oba, Yasuhiro, Toshiki Koga, Yoshinori Takano, et al. "Uracil in the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu." Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36904-3.

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AbstractThe pristine sample from the near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu collected by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft enabled us to analyze the pristine extraterrestrial material without uncontrolled exposure to the Earth’s atmosphere and biosphere. The initial analysis team for the soluble organic matter reported the detection of wide variety of organic molecules including racemic amino acids in the Ryugu samples. Here we report the detection of uracil, one of the four nucleobases in ribonucleic acid, in aqueous extracts from Ryugu samples. In addition, nicotinic acid (niacin, a B3 vitam

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Noguchi, Takaaki, Toru Matsumoto, Akira Miyake, et al. "A dehydrated space-weathered skin cloaking the hydrated interior of Ryugu." Nature Astronomy, December 19, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01841-6.

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AbstractWithout a protective atmosphere, space-exposed surfaces of airless Solar System bodies gradually experience an alteration in composition, structure and optical properties through a collective process called space weathering. The return of samples from near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu by Hayabusa2 provides the first opportunity for laboratory study of space-weathering signatures on the most abundant type of inner solar system body: a C-type asteroid, composed of materials largely unchanged since the formation of the Solar System. Weathered Ryugu grains show areas of surface amorphizat

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Ninomiya, Kazuhiko, Takahito Osawa, Kentaro Terada, et al. "Quantification of bulk elemental composition for C‐type asteroid Ryugu samples with nondestructive elemental analysis using muon beam." Meteoritics & Planetary Science, January 31, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.14135.

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AbstractSamples from asteroid Ryugu, brought back by asteroid explorer Hayabusa2, are important for investigating the origin and evolution of the solar system. Here, we report the elemental compositions of a 123‐mg Ryugu sample determined with a nondestructive muon elemental analysis method. This method is a powerful tool for determining bulk chemical composition, including light elements such as C, N, and O. From the muonic x‐ray spectra with three carbonaceous chondrites, the relationship between the elemental composition and muonic x‐ray intensity was determined for each element. Calibratio

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Le Pivert-Jolivet, T., R. Brunetto, C. Pilorget, et al. "Water in Ryugu as a property of processes in its parent body." Astronomy & Astrophysics, February 26, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453270.

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Samples from the asteroid Ryugu provide key information on the initial composition and evolutionary processes of primitive bodies. This study aims to detect H2O spectral features associated with inter-layer water in a statistically significant number of Ryugu grains protected from terrestrial contamination. We analysed hyperspectral data of millimetre-sized Ryugu grains (1.5–5.7 mm) obtained using the MicrOmega instrument at the Curation Facility. Water signatures were identified by computing the spectral distance from a reference Ryugu grain that exhibits a prominent 3 µm feature, which is as

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Potiszil, Christian, Tsutomu Ota, and Eizo Nakamura. "Reconciling remote-sensing estimates of Ryugu’s albedo with laboratory measurements." Nature Astronomy, September 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02372-y.

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AbstractThe Japanese Hayabusa2 spacecraft returned samples from the asteroid Ryugu in December 2020, and several results on the properties of the particles have been published since. A detailed geochemical analysis determined that the total organic carbon abundance of the sample was on average 2.92 wt%. This value is much less than the 14.6–59.3 vol% estimated from remote-sensing data for Ryugu coupled with the albedos of irradiated meteorites and organic matter. Understanding the reasons for this discrepancy is paramount to accurately predict the composition of C-complex asteroids. Here we ex

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Tomioka, Naotaka, Akira Yamaguchi, Motoo Ito, et al. "A history of mild shocks experienced by the regolith particles on hydrated asteroid Ryugu." Nature Astronomy, April 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-023-01947-5.

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AbstractMicrometeorites, a possible major source of Earth’s water, are thought to form from explosive dispersal of hydrated chondritic materials during impact events on their parental asteroids. However, this provenance and formation mechanism have yet to be directly confirmed using asteroid returned samples. Here, we report evidence of mild shock metamorphism in the surface particles of asteroid Ryugu based on electron microscopy. All particles are dominated by phyllosilicates but lack dehydration textures, which are indicative of shock-heating temperatures below ~500 °C. Microfault-like text

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Schirner, L., K. A. Otto, M. Delbo, K. D. Matz, S. Sasaki, and S. Sugita. "Aligned fractures on asteroid Ryugu as an indicator of thermal fracturing." Astronomy & Astrophysics, January 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348404.

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Asteroid and comet surfaces are exposed to a complex environment that includes low gravity, high temperature gradients, and a bombardment of micrometeorites and cosmic rays. Surface material exposed to this environment evolves in a specific way depending on various factors such as the bodies' size, heliocentric distance, and composition. Fractures in boulders, as seen on asteroid Ryugu, can help to determine and constrain the dominant processes eroding small-body surface materials. It is also possible to estimate fracture growth timescales based on the abundance and length of fractures in boul

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Kuppa, Koundinya, Jay W. McMahon, and Ann B. Dietrich. "Initial Pole Axis and Spin Direction Estimation of Asteroids Using Infrared Imagery." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, March 13, 2024, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.g007736.

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Knowing the pole axis of an asteroid is vital to autonomous asteroid exploration efforts. Ground-based initial pole estimation methods are time and data intensive and produce estimates with large uncertainties. These errors have a significant impact on proximity navigation, shape modeling, and scientific data for small body missions. In this paper, a new method of obtaining this information from onboard spacecraft imagery is presented. The proposed method estimates the pole from onboard infrared imagery using the camera-asteroid geometry. This method does not require a prior and is designed to

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Yokoyama, Tetsuya, Kazuhide Nagashima, Izumi Nakai, et al. "Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites." Science, June 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abn7850.

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Carbonaceous meteorites are thought to be fragments of C-type (carbonaceous) asteroids. Samples of the C-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measure the mineralogy, bulk chemical and isotopic compositions of Ryugu samples. They are mainly composed of materials similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, particularly the CI (Ivuna-type) group. The samples consist predominantly of minerals formed in aqueous fluid on a parent planetesimal. The primary minerals were altered by fluids at a temperature of 37 ± 10°C, 5.2 − 0.8 + 0.7 (Stat.) − 2.1 + 1.6 (Syst.

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Hopp, Timo, Nicolas Dauphas, Yoshinari Abe, et al. "Ryugu’s nucleosynthetic heritage from the outskirts of the Solar System." Science Advances 8, no. 46 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add8141.

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Little is known about the origin of the spectral diversity of asteroids and what it says about conditions in the protoplanetary disk. Here, we show that samples returned from Cb-type asteroid Ryugu have Fe isotopic anomalies indistinguishable from Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites, which are distinct from all other carbonaceous chondrites. Iron isotopes, therefore, demonstrate that Ryugu and CI chondrites formed in a reservoir that was different from the source regions of other carbonaceous asteroids. Growth and migration of the giant planets destabilized nearby planetesimals and ejected some inward

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Walsh, K. J., R.-L. Ballouz, W. F. Bottke, et al. "Numerical simulations suggest asteroids (101955) Bennu and (162173) Ryugu are likely second or later generation rubble piles." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49310-0.

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AbstractRubble pile asteroids are widely understood to be composed of reaccumulated debris following a catastrophic collision between asteroids in the main asteroid belt, where each disruption can make a family of new asteroids. Near-Earth asteroids Ryugu and Bennu have been linked to collisional families in the main asteroid belt, but surface age analyses of each asteroid suggest these bodies are substantially younger than their putative families. Here we show, through a coupled collisional and dynamical evolution of members of these families, that neither asteroid was likely to have been cre

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Yamada, Ryuhei, Keiko Yamamoto, Shoko Oshigami та ін. "Derivation of 1.064 μm normal albedos on the C-type asteroid Ryugu from laser pulse intensity measurement of the Hayabusa2 LIDAR". Earth, Planets and Space 74, № 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40623-022-01717-z.

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AbstractJapanese asteroid explorer Hayabusa2 arrived at C-type asteroid 162,173 Ryugu in June 2018. The laser altimeter (LIDAR) onboard Hayabusa2 measured its own transmitted laser and returned pulse intensities from a Ryugu surface until November 2019. Because the Ryugu surface is extremely rough, topography dominates over the material properties in the conventional derivation of normal albedo. Thus, we developed a method to retrieve the normal albedo from the rough surface of a C-type asteroid at a LIDAR laser wavelength of 1.064 μm. The albedo map covering an equatorial band between – 40° a

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Jutzi, Martin, Sabina D. Raducan, Yun Zhang, Patrick Michel, and Masahiko Arakawa. "Constraining surface properties of asteroid (162173) Ryugu from numerical simulations of Hayabusa2 mission impact experiment." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34540-x.

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AbstractThe Hayabusa2 mission impact experiment on asteroid Ryugu created an unexpectedly large crater. The associated regime of low-gravity, low-strength cratering remained largely unexplored so far, because these impact conditions cannot be re-created in laboratory experiments on Earth. Here we show that the target cohesion may be very low and the impact probably occurred in the transitional cratering regime, between strength and gravity. For such conditions, our numerical simulations are able to reproduce the outcome of the impact on Ryugu, including the effects of boulders originally locat

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