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1
Giannini, Cosimo, Angelika Mohn, and Francesco Chiarelli. "Growth Abnormalities in Children with Type 1 Diabetes, Juvenile Chronic Arthritis, and Asthma." International Journal of Endocrinology 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/265954.
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Children and adolescents with chronic diseases are commonly affected by a variable degree of growth failure, leading to an impaired final height. Of note, the peculiar onset during childhood and adolescence of some chronic diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and asthma, underlines the relevant role of healthcare planners and providers in detecting and preventing growth abnormalities in these high risk populations. In this review article, the most relevant common and disease-specific mechanisms by which these major chronic diseases affect growth in youth are analyzed. In addition, the available and potential targeting strategies to restore the physiological, hormonal, and inflammatory pattern are described.
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Dowdell, Elizabeth Burgess, Michael A. Posner, and M. Katherine Hutchinson. "Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Use among Adolescents and Young Adults with Asthma." Nursing Research and Practice 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/503201.
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Asthma is one of the most common, serious chronic diseases in pediatric and young adult populations. Health-risk behaviors, including cigarette smoking and alcohol use, may exacerbate chronic diseases and complicate their management. The aim of this study was to longitudinally analyze rates of cigarette smoking and alcohol use in adolescents and young adults who have asthma and those who do not have asthma. A secondary analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health was undertaken. Individuals with asthma were found to exhibit increasing rates of cigarette smoking and alcohol use as they aged. When an adolescent with a chronic health issue begins health-risk-taking behaviors, behavior change interventions must be planned. Pediatric nurses, practitioners, and clinicians are uniquely positioned to assess for health-risk behaviors in youth with asthma and to intervene with plans of care that are tailored for the needs of this vulnerable population.
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O’Connor, Antonia, Andrew Tai, and Kristin Carson-Chahhoud. "Isn’t There an App for That? The Role of Smartphone and Tablet Applications for Asthma Education and Self-Management in Adolescents." Children 8, no. 9 (2021): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8090786.
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Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, with a substantial proportion of the asthma population being children and adolescents. Self-management is recognized as a key component to asthma management, with multiple international guidelines emphasizing the need for adequate self-management skills for good asthma control. Unfortunately, the uptake amongst young people and adolescents is low, with often suboptimal engagement to self-management education and skills contributing to poor adherence to medication as well as poor perception of asthma symptoms. Innovative solutions to deliver education and self-management to adolescents are clearly needed. mHealth is the use of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet devices to improve healthcare and has been used in multiple chronic diseases. This review articles explores the current use of mHealth in asthma, specifically smartphone and tablet applications as a generation-appropriate, accessible delivery modality for provision of asthma education and self-management interventions in adolescents. Current evidence gaps are also highlighted, which should be addressed in future research.
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Baraldi, Eugenio, Luca Bonadies, and Paolo Manzoni. "Evidence on the Link between Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Early Life and Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases." American Journal of Perinatology 37, S 02 (2020): S26—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714345.
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There is growing evidence in medical literature to support an association between early-life respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract-lower respiratory tract infection (RSV-LRTI) and recurrent wheezing/asthma-like symptoms. It has been estimated that children with a history of RSV-LRTI have a 2- to 12-fold higher risk of developing asthma. The connection between RSV infection and a developmental trajectory of reduced lung function remains throughout adolescence and early adulthood, suggesting a possible role for RSV even in the inception of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. That is why the postnatal period appears to offer a specific window of opportunity for early intervention to prevent chronic obstructive lung diseases. The mechanisms by which RSV contributes to the onset of wheezing/asthma and lung function impairment are not fully understood but appear to relate to injury caused directly by the virus and/or to pre-existing predisposing factors. While awaiting a deeper understanding of the association between RSV and chronic lung diseases, the crucial role of pediatricians and physicians is to develop strategies to prevent RSV infections to try and protect children's lifelong respiratory health. Key Points
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Tung, Keith T. S., Rosa S. Wong, Hing-Wai Tsang, et al. "Impact of Snoring on Telomere Shortening in Adolescents with Atopic Diseases." Genes 12, no. 5 (2021): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050766.
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Atopic diseases can impose a significant burden on children and adolescents. Telomere length is a cellular marker of aging reflecting the impact of cumulative stress exposure on individual health. Since elevated oxidative stress and inflammation burden induced by chronic atopy and snoring may impact telomere length, this study aimed to investigate whether snoring would moderate the relationship between atopic diseases and telomere length in early adolescence. We surveyed 354 adolescents and their parents. Parents reported the adolescents’ history of atopic diseases, recent snoring history as well as other family sociodemographic characteristics. Buccal swab samples were also collected from the adolescents for telomere length determination. Independent and combined effects of atopic diseases and snoring on telomere length were examined. Among the surveyed adolescents, 174 were reported by parents to have atopic diseases (20 had asthma, 145 had allergic rhinitis, 53 had eczema, and 25 had food allergy). Shorter TL was found in participants with a history of snoring and atopic diseases (β = −0.34, p = 0.002) particularly for asthma (β = −0.21, p = 0.007) and allergic rhinitis (β = −0.22, p = 0.023). Our findings suggest that snoring in atopic patients has important implications for accelerated telomere shortening. Proper management of atopic symptoms at an early age is important for the alleviation of long-term health consequences at the cellular level.
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Russo, Daniele, Paola Di Filippo, Marina Attanasi, Mauro Lizzi, Sabrina Di Pillo, and Francesco Chiarelli. "Biologic Therapy and Severe Asthma in Children." Biomedicines 9, no. 7 (2021): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070760.
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Severe asthma is a heterogeneous, complex and chronic disease widespread in the pediatric population. According to the recent findings about the different endotypes of asthma in children, each one characterized by specific intracellular molecular pathways, several innovative biologic therapies have been developed. Due to their precise ability to target specific inflammatory type 2 mediators, biologics have revolutionized the care of chronic allergic diseases in the pediatric and adult population. In this review, we aim to provide the latest evidence about the use, indications, efficacy and safety of biologic therapies to treat severe asthma in children and adolescents.
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Lokshina, E. E., and O. V. Zaytseva. "Recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction in children: onset of chronic respiratory diseases in adults?" Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 15, no. 6 (2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2020-6-79-89.
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Recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction are most common in young children. Various phenotypes of wheezing/bronchial obstruction in preschool children have been described. Large cohort studies demonstrated that it is possible to estimate the risk of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases (developing in adolescence or adulthood) among children with recurrent episodes of bronchial obstruction. All children with recurrent bronchial obstruction should be carefully followed-up and receive timely rational therapy. In children with mild bronchial obstruction, the combination of bromhexine, guaifenesin, and salbutamol in fixed doses has demonstrated high efficacy. Key words: bronchial asthma, bronchial obstruction, children, bromhexine + guaifenesin-salbutamol, prognosis, wheezing phenotypes, COPD
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Dayan, Yaron Bar, Keren Elishkevits, Liav Goldstein, et al. "Screening for Common Respiratory Diseases among Israeli Adolescents." Canadian Respiratory Journal 11, no. 4 (2004): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/529510.
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BACKGROUND:Respiratory diseases are responsible for a significant proportion of serious morbidity among adolescents. There are few reports on the prevalence of common respiratory disorders in this population. The previous studies focused on specific diseases and screened relatively small samples.OBJECTIVE:To define the prevalence of different common respiratory disorders among 17-year-old Israeli conscripts.DESIGN:All 17-year-old Israeli nationals are obliged by law to appear at the Israel Defense Forces recruiting office for medical examination. Respiratory disease specialists evaluated and classified nominees with suspected respiratory disorders.RESULTS:A high prevalence of respiratory morbidity was found among 94,805 17-year-old conscripts (61.5% male, 39.5% female). The most prevalent diagnosis was asthma (in 8% of male and 6.8% of female subjects). Fifty-five per cent of the asthma patients suffered from moderate to severe disease. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 0.03% for the male and 0.01% for the female subjects. A difference in morbidity patterns between male and female adolescents was noted, particularly in the prevalence of chest deformation and spontaneous pneumothorax.CONCLUSIONS:The most prevalent respiratory disorder among 17-year-old Israeli conscripts was asthma. One-half of the asthma patients in this study suffered from moderate to severe disease. The prevalence of other respiratory disorders was much lower.
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Assis, Elisangela Vilar de, Milana D. R. Santana, Ankilma Do N. A. Feitosa, et al. "Prevalence of Asthma symptoms and risk factors in adolescents." Journal of Human Growth and Development 29, no. 1 (2019): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.157758.
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Introduction: Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which is increasing its prevalence among teenagers recently. The trigger-related factors are numerous, including environmental factors, genetic, food among others.
 Objective: Investigate the prevalence of asthma symptoms and possible risk factors in adolescents.
 Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study conducted in 104 adolescents aged between 13 to 14 years old of both sexes from four educational institutions: three private and one public. Participants answered two questionnaires: one on risk factors for allergic diseases (EISL) and the other on asthma symptoms (ISAAC asthma module).
 Results: 104 adolescents answered the questionnaire: 54.8% girls and 45.2% boys. Male subjects had the most active asthma (64%) than female (20%) (p = 0.01) and also had more physician-diagnosed asthma (34.4%) than girls (6.1%) (p = 0.04), more wheezing after exercise (34.4%; 12.1%) (p = 0.03). Regarding the association between the symptoms and the risk factors we observed a statistically significant relationship between the presence of wheezing and hospitalization for public schools girls (p = 0.05).
 Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of asthma symptoms in males than in females unlike other studies was observed.
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Cheung, Christina, and Elaine Wirrell. "Adolescents' Perception of Epilepsy Compared With Other Chronic Diseases: “Through a Teenager's Eyes”." Journal of Child Neurology 21, no. 3 (2006): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7010.2006.00053.
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Adolescent perception of physical and social impact of chronic illness was assessed to determine (1) if there is greater prejudice toward epilepsy than other chronic disease and (2) if adolescents with chronic disease have less prejudice toward similarly affected peers with all types of chronic disease or just their specific chronic disease. Cognitively normal teens aged 13 to 18 years without chronic disease ( n = 41) and with epilepsy ( n = 32), asthma ( n = 38), diabetes ( n = 21), and migraine ( n = 17) were interviewed in the outpatient clinics of a tertiary care pediatric center regarding their perceptions of the physical and social impact of eight chronic diseases (epilepsy, asthma, diabetes, Down syndrome, arthritis, migraine, leukemia, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection). Epilepsy was perceived to have a more adverse physical impact than all chronic illnesses except Down syndrome. The perception was that it more frequently caused mental handicap, injured the afflicted individual and bystanders, and led to death. Epilepsy was also perceived to have a more negative social impact, particularly on behavior, honesty, popularity, adeptness at sports, and fun. Significantly more adolescents expressed reluctance to befriend peers with epilepsy, both from their own and their perceived parental perspectives. Having a chronic disease did not generally alter the adolescents' perceptions of peers with chronic disease. However, cases with epilepsy ranked this disease to have less social impact than teens with other chronic diseases. In conclusion, adolescents consider epilepsy to have a greater physical and social impact than most chronic diseases. Educational efforts should focus on the “normality” of most persons with epilepsy and emphasize the low risk of injury when proper first aid is followed. ( J Child Neurol 2006;21:214—222; DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00053).
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Roberts, Courtney A., Adam J. Sage, Lorie L. Geryk, Betsy L. Sleath, and Delesha M. Carpenter. "Adolescent feedback on predisposing, reinforcing and enabling features in asthma self-management apps." Health Education Journal 78, no. 7 (2019): 770–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896919836693.
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Objective:Mobile health apps hold potential to support and reinforce positive health behaviours, especially among young people with chronic diseases like asthma that require continual self-management. We aimed to gain feedback from adolescents with asthma on two existing asthma self-management apps to guide the development of an evidence- and theory-based asthma app that meets their asthma management needs.Design:A qualitative interview study was conducted with adolescents with persistent asthma ( n = 20), aged 12–16.Setting:Interviews took place after the individual’s clinic appointment and during telephone interviews one week later.Methods:Participants provided feedback on two asthma self-management apps during two semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using MAXQDA 11. The Precede–Proceed Model (PPM) was used as a framework to evaluate perceptions of app features, including utility. Suggestions for improvements, including addition of predisposing, reinforcing and enabling PPM features, were identified.Results:The majority of app features functioned as enabling (e.g. inputting triggers, recording doctor’s appointments and tracking peak flow). However, participants recommended addition of predisposing and reinforcing features, including knowledge on dealing with asthma triggers (predisposing) and a reward system for daily peak flow entry (reinforcing), to support their asthma management.Conclusion:Findings suggest that including predisposing, reinforcing and enabling features in asthma apps could facilitate asthma self-management. Public health professionals should partner with app developers in the development of asthma self-management apps that include predisposing, reinforcing and enabling features to meet user needs and ensure they are effective and accepted behaviour change apps.
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Kolosova, Natalia G., Irina V. Grebeneva, and Veronika D. Denisova. "Tiotropium: efficacy and safety in pediatric bronchial asthma." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-1-175-180.
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Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic lung diseases observed in children. According to the international and Russian guidelines, the long-term objectives of asthma treatment in children and adolescents are to achieve good symptom control, minimize the risk of asthma exacerbations, reduce hospital admissions, decrease the use of short-acting bronchodilators, reduce restrictions in the airflow and side effects, and ensure that normal activity levels are maintained. The asthma treatment is based on the use of inhaled corticosteroids as a backbone therapy and addition of adjunctive therapy if the disease control is poor or worsening. Tiotropium bromide is the first anticholinergic drug that has been approved for children and adults with poorly controlled asthma and is currently used as a treatment option for moderate to severe bronchial asthma. Randomized clinical trials in children and adolescents with persistent bronchial asthma showed high efficacy and safety of tiotropium. The addition of tiotropium in the form of 2 inhalations of 2.5 μg once a day to the bronchial asthma therapy in children over 6 years old, including medium doses of inhaled corticosteroids, is a preferred and safe option to increase the therapy coverage compared to an increase of a dose of inhaled corticosteroids to high levels, regardless of the disease phenotype (In atopic, non-atopic bronchial asthma, bronchial asthma with obesity, etc.). Tiotropium adjunctive therapy may also be a therapeutic option for children using inhaled corticosteroids, who have asthma that does not respond well to long-acting β2-agonist therapy, or for those, who are worried about the safety of long-acting β2-agonists.
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Kubota, Masaru. "Hyperuricemia in Children and Adolescents: Present Knowledge and Future Directions." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3480718.
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Recent evidence suggests that hyperuricemia is an important condition in children and adolescents, particularly in association with noncommunicable diseases. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of this condition in pediatric patients. An analysis of serum uric acid reference values in a healthy population indicates that they increase gradually with age until adolescence, with differences between the sexes arising at about 12 years of age. This information should be taken into consideration when defining hyperuricemia in studies. Gout is extremely rare in children and adolescents, and most patients with gout have an underlying disease. The major causes of hyperuricemia are chronic conditions, including Down syndrome, metabolic or genetic disease, and congenital heart disease, and acute conditions, including gastroenteritis, bronchial asthma (hypoxia), malignant disorders, and drug side effects. The mechanisms underlying the associations between these diseases and hyperuricemia are discussed, together with recent genetic information. Obesity is a major cause of hyperuricemia in otherwise healthy children and adolescents. Obesity is often accompanied by metabolic syndrome; hyperuricemia in obese children and adolescents is associated with the components of metabolic syndrome and noncommunicable diseases, including hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease. Finally, strategies for the treatment of hyperuricemia, including lifestyle intervention and drug administration, are presented.
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Sansone, Francesco, Marina Attanasi, Sabrina Di Pillo, and Francesco Chiarelli. "Asthma and Obesity in Children." Biomedicines 8, no. 7 (2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8070231.
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Asthma and obesity are two major chronic diseases in children and adolescents. Recent scientific evidence points out a causative role of obesity in asthma predisposition. However, studies assessing the real impact of excessive weight gain on lung function in children have shown heterogeneous results. In this review, the pathological mechanisms linking obesity and development of asthma in children are summarized and factors influencing this relationship are evaluated. Common disease modifying factors including age, sex, ethnicity, development of atopic conditions, and metabolic alterations significantly affect the onset and phenotypic characteristics of asthma. Given this, the impact of these several factors on the obesity–asthma link were considered, and from revision of the literature we suggest the possibility to define three main clinical subtypes on the basis of epidemiological data and physiological–molecular pathways: obese-asthmatic and atopy, obese-asthmatic and insulin-resistance, and obese-asthmatic and dyslipidemia. The hypothesis of the different clinical subtypes characterizing a unique phenotype might have an important impact for both future clinical management and research priorities. This might imply the necessity to study the obese asthmatic child with a “multidisciplinary approach”, evaluating the endocrinological and pneumological aspects simultaneously. This different approach might also make it possible to intervene earlier in a specific manner, possibly with a personalized and tailored treatment. Surely this hypothesis needs longitudinal and well-conducted future studies to be validated.
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Penaranda, A., G. Aristizabal, E. Garcia, C. Vasquez, C. E. Rodriguez-Martinez, and C. L. Satizabal. "Allergic rhinitis and associated factors in schoolchildren from Bogota, Colombia." Rhinology journal 50, no. 2 (2012): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino11.175.
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Background: Allergic rhinitis is one of the most frequent chronic diseases among children. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of and the factors associated with self-reported allergic rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from Bogota, Colombia. Methodology/principal: We followed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology. Our sample included 3,256 children aged 6 - 7 and 3,830 adolescents aged 13 - 14 years. Results: The prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis symptoms was 30.8% among children and 36.6% among adolescents. Factors associated with self-reported allergic rhinitis among children included current asthma and atopic dermatitis symptoms; use of acetaminophen in the first year of life and in the last 12 months; antibiotic use in the first year of life; high- school and university maternal education; smokers at home; and caesarean delivery. Among adolescents, associated factors included current asthma and atopic dermatitis symptoms; current acetaminophen use once per month; frequent fast-food consumption; cat exposure at home; and smoking. Conclusion: Further exploration of factors associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms is needed.
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Hohmann, Cynthia, Theresa Keller, Ulrike Gehring, et al. "Sex-specific incidence of asthma, rhinitis and respiratory multimorbidity before and after puberty onset: individual participant meta-analysis of five birth cohorts collaborating in MeDALL." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 6, no. 1 (2019): e000460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000460.
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IntroductionTo understand the puberty-related sex shift in the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis as single entities and as respiratory multimorbidities, we investigated if there is also a sex-specific and puberty-related pattern of their incidences.MethodsWe used harmonised questionnaire data from 18 451 participants in five prospective observational European birth cohorts within the collaborative MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy) project. Outcome definitions for IgE-associated and non-IgE-associated asthma, rhinitis and respiratory multimorbidity (first occurrence of coexisting asthma and rhinitis) were based on questionnaires and the presence of specific antibodies (IgE) against common allergens in serum. For each outcome, we used proportional hazard models with sex–puberty interaction terms and conducted a one-stage individual participant data meta-analysis.ResultsGirls had a lower risk of incident asthma (adjusted HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.74), rhinitis (0.73, 0.69 to 0.78) and respiratory multimorbidity (0.58, 0.51 to 0.66) before puberty compared with boys. After puberty onset, these incidences became more balanced across the sexes (asthma 0.84, 0.64 to 1.10; rhinitis 0.90, 0.80 to 1.02; respiratory multimorbidity 0.84, 0.63 to 1.13). The incidence sex shift was slightly more distinct for non-IgE-associated respiratory diseases (asthma 0.74, 0.63 to 0.87 before vs 1.23, 0.75 to 2.00 after puberty onset; rhinitis 0.88, 0.79 to 0.98 vs 1.20, 0.98 to 1.47; respiratory multimorbidity 0.66, 0.49 to 0.88 vs 0.96, 0.54 to 1.71) than for IgE-associated respiratory diseases.DiscussionWe found an incidence ‘sex shift’ in chronic respiratory diseases from a male predominance before puberty to a more sex-balanced incidence after puberty onset, which may partly explain the previously reported sex shift in prevalence. These differences need to be considered in public health to enable effective diagnoses and timely treatment in adolescent girls.
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Tapia, Alejandra, Viviana Giampaoli, Víctor Leiva, and Yuhlong Lio. "Data-Influence Analytics in Predictive Models Applied to Asthma Disease." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (2020): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091587.
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Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases around the world and represents a serious problem in human health. Predictive models have become important in medical sciences because they provide valuable information for data-driven decision-making. In this work, a methodology of data-influence analytics based on mixed-effects logistic regression models is proposed for detecting potentially influential observations which can affect the quality of these models. Global and local influence diagnostic techniques are used simultaneously in this detection, which are often used separately. In addition, predictive performance measures are considered for this analytics. A study with children and adolescent asthma real data, collected from a public hospital of São Paulo, Brazil, is conducted to illustrate the proposed methodology. The results show that the influence diagnostic methodology is helpful for obtaining an accurate predictive model that provides scientific evidence when data-driven medical decision-making.
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Kuznetsova, O., and Yu Lanovenko. "Exacerbation of Psychosomatic Disorders in Teenagehood." Herald of Kiev Institute of Business and Technology 39, no. 1 (2019): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37203/kibit.2019.39.07.
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The article raises questions about the protective mechanisms in adolescents which shows themselves as psychosomatic diseases. The profound changes in modern society, which require a person of constant adaptation in all spheres of life: live communication is replaced by electronic, robotization of work processes, uncontrolled flow of information, change of concepts, the destruction of traditions, leading to chronic stress, exhaustion and health problems. In particular, as a result of lack of attention and lively communication, excessive demands, replacement of emotional manifestation of love with material goods in the most vulnerable part of the population - adolescents there is a feeling of needlessness, which often leads to depressive states and emotional breakdowns which cause psychological disorders. The article deals with several types of manifestations of psychosomatic diseases, such as allergies, bronchial asthma, heart diseases, diseases of the digestive system and skin, and factors that cause their appearance. The causes of psychosomatic illness are still a controversial issue due to its versatility and ambiguity. The manifestation of the disease can be affected by a variety of factors that may not cause the disease if at least one of them to be removed. Because of this ambiguity, psychosomatics are beginning to be perceived as a mystified pseudoscience. Such an attitude causes distrust to the psychologists of specialists and adherents of this teaching. Study of diseases occurs exclusively in the medical sense. What is the source of treatment in hospitals, where medication slows down the development of complications of such chronic diseases as allergies, bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis - without treating them thoroughly since these diseases are also psychological.
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Mota, João Felipe, Marília Arantes Rezio, Ronyson Camilo Soares, Gustavo Duarte Pimentel, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes Coelho, and Juliana Cunha. "Quality of Life Is Influenced by Body Weight, Education, and Family Income in Adolescents with Chronic Diseases." BioMed Research International 2018 (October 24, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8485103.
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Objective. To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adolescents diagnosed with different chronic conditions and to identify demographic, socioeconomic, and health-status outcomes associated with the impairment in HRQoL. Study Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. We evaluated 276 adolescents (50.7% male) aged 14 ± 2 years that were assisted by healthcare public service and diagnosed with cancer (CA), type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), overweight (OW), asthma (AS), and no chronic health condition—control group (CG). Adolescents and parent-proxy completed age-appropriate self-report and/or parent-proxy report on generic HRQoL measures using PedsQL™. Results. Adolescents with CA had lower overall HRQoL as well as poorer scores in all dimensions than either healthy participants or other chronic disease sufferers. HRQoL scores reported by parent-proxy were similar to those reported by adolescents across all chronic diseases. CG members reported better scores in all dimensions. Maternal education, family income, and marital status of parents were correlated with HRQoL scores in all dimensions. The risk of having an affected HRQoL score was higher in adolescents with CA than in adolescents with other chronic diseases. Conclusions. The likelihood of cancer affecting HRQoL was higher when compared to other chronic diseases, and the OW group had a worse overall score compared to CG. Adolescents with CA, AS, and OW reported worse school dimensions when compared to healthy adolescents. The education of adolescents and their parent-proxy, body weight, and family income influence the dimensions of HRQoL in adolescents with chronic diseases.
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Leushina, Ekaterina A. "The emotionally-valuable attitude to themselves in adolescents with chronic allergic diseases." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 7, no. 1 (2016): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped71167-172.
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In the following work are presented the results of experimental psychological research on suffering from chronic allergic respiratory and skin diseases adolescents’ emotionally-valuable attitude to themselves. As the results of study at 51 adolescents suffering from bronchial asthma concomitant with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis have been found that chronically ill adolescents tend to identify themselves as sick people, both currently and in the suture, more than their conditionally healthy peers (p ≤ 0.05). However, both boys and girls suffering from the allergic diseases tend to expect to become less ill that now (p ≤ 0.01 for boys and p ≤ 0.05 for girls). After considering the features of their gender identity have been found suffering from allergic diseases adolescents do not expect an increase in their typically male features in the process of growing up, that is typical for their healthy peers (p ≤ 0.01). Moreover, the research has shown that boys with the chronic allergic disease do not expect a decrease of immature deeds in their behavior, which are typical for childhood, that occurs in the normal case of growth. Generally, both adolescents from the experimental and from control group tend to positively react to their personalities taking into account all the existing advantages and disadvantages, marking the lack of self-control in their behavior its dependence on external factors and also a low level of personal activity. After considering the temporal perspective of the personality has been shown that chronically ill and conditionally healthy adolescents see themselves more active, stronger and more respectable in the futures.
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Nada, Pop-Jordanova, and Zorcec Tatjana. "Some Peripheral Biofeedback Modules in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases in Children." Journal of Education and Culture Studies 2, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v2n1p1.
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<p><em>Biofeedback therapy</em><em> is a non-drug treatment in which patients learn to control bodily processes that are normally involuntary, such as muscle tension, blood pressure, or heart rate. In this paper we present results obtained with Electro Dermal Response (EDR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) applied as adjuvant therapy in chronic pediatric patients. </em><em>The methodology can be used in scholar settings for stress reducing in pupils and teachers.</em></p><p><em>The evaluated group comprises children and adolescents with: a) cystic fibrosis (N = 40 mean age = 17.5 years ± 23.18 SD); b) bronchial asthma (N = 35, mean age = 11.5 years ± 18.84 SD); c) epilepsy (N = 45, mean age = 13.5 years ± 15.34 SD); and d) diabetes mellitus (N = 30, mean age = 12.5 years ± 12.3 SD).</em></p><p><em>Study showed that peripheral biofeedback is very helpful tool for chronic disorders in children. Both (EDR and HRV) methods confirmed changes on the stress level very significantly. This therapy is non-invasive, easy for application, children accept it with interest and it is cost-effective.</em></p>
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Rylance, S., R. Masekela, N. P. K. Banda, and K. Mortimer. "Determinants of lung health across the life course in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 9 (2020): 892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0083.
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LUNG HEALTH ACROSS THE life course is influenced by factors affecting airway and alveolar development and growth during antenatal and perinatal periods, throughout childhood and adolescence, and into adulthood. Lung function trajectories are set in early life and childhood deficits may predispose to non-communicable respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in later years. Potential risk factors are common in many sub-Saharan African (sSA) countries; adverse antenatal environments cause in utero growth restriction and prematurity; HIV and respiratory infections, including TB are common; exposure to air pollution is widespread, including household air pollution from biomass fuel use, traffic-related pollution in rapidly expanding cities, and tobacco smoke exposure. Multiple disadvantages experienced in early life require an integrated approach that addresses reproductive, maternal and child health. Public health strategies need to tackle multiple risk factors, emphasising Universal Health Coverage, to maximise lung health in the world´s poorest, most vulnerable populations. This review explores potential determinants of lung health across the life course. Due to the extensive topic and wide range of related literature, we prioritised more recent citations, especially those from sSA, focusing on risk factors for which there is most information, and which are most prevalent in the region.
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Butler, Susan M., Elizabeth A. Boucher, Jennifer Tobison, and Hanna Phan. "Medication Use in Schools: Current Trends, Challenges, and Best Practices." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25, no. 1 (2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-25.1.7.
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There are a significant number of students on maintenance medications for chronic diseases or with diagnoses that may result in medical emergencies requiring administration of medications in school. With passing of legislation in all 50 states allowing self-administration of emergency medications for allergic reactions and asthma, the landscape of medication use in schools is changing. These changes have raised questions about the need for legislation or policy development relating to self-carrying and self-administration of medications for other disease states, undesignated stock of emergency medications, and administration of medications by non-medical personnel. Medication administration in the school setting has become a complex issue, and this review will discuss current legislation related to medication use in schools and provide best practices for administering medications to children and adolescents while at school.
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Wongkar, Martini, Handoko Lowis, Sarah M. Warouw, Julius Lolombulan, and Stefanus Gunawan. "Blood count to determine chronic inflammation severity in obese adolescents." Paediatrica Indonesiana 60, no. 1 (2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi60.1.2020.6-12.
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Background Obesity is a growing public health problem of rapidly increasing prevalence in developing countries. Chronic low-grade inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of obesity. Blood count values and ratios have been used as markers of inflammatory diseases. These parameters may be useful to determine the severity of chronic inflammation in obese children.
 Objective To determine if red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) can be useful for determining the severity of chronic inflammation in obese children.
 Methods This observational, analytic study was conducted in obese adolescents aged 14-18 years at senior high schools in Manado, North Sulawesi, from July to September 2018. Students with congenital anomalies, autoimmune diseases, history of asthma, or malignancy were excluded. Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze for potential relationships between obesity and red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR).
 Results There was a negative relationship between obesity and MPV, but it was not statistically significant (r=-0.006; P=0.485). There were positive, but not significant relationships between obesity and RDW (r=0.139; P=0.192), NLR (r=0.155; P=0.166), PDW (r=0.02; P=0.45), and PLR (r=0.146; P=0.181).
 Conclusion The RDW, NLR, MPV, PDW, and PLR values are not significantly associated with severity of obesity in adolescents.
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Wolf, Sarah, and Roman Winkler. "A systematic Analysis of Evaluation Methods for Inpatient Children and Adolescents Rehabilitation Programs." Klinische Pädiatrie 232, no. 04 (2020): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1177-1115.
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AbstractIncreasing chronic diseases in children and adolescents such as obesity, asthma bronchiale, or mental disorders, result in a growing importance of rehabilitation programs and subsequent program evaluations. We conducted a systematic literature search in 5 databases and provided an overview of methods for evaluating inpatient child and adolescent rehabilitation programs. This included an identification of generic and indication-specific outcomes and standardized measuring instruments. Eighteen studies covering 8 indication groups were considered for the qualitative analysis according to the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, the 18 studies included eight generic outcomes: (1) quality of life, (2) psychological well-being, (3) perceived changes, (4) functionality, (5) rehabilitation satisfaction, (6) self-management/-efficacy, (7) days of absence and (8) self-esteem. Eighteen standardized measuring instruments and 6 self-developed questionnaires were used to assess the 8 generic outcomes. Besides, indication-specific outcomes for 5 indications namely traumatic brain injury, obesity, diabetes, eating disorders and neurodermatitis, were reported. Overall, the present systematic review summarizes essential content (8 generic outcomes) and methods for evaluations of children and adolescent rehabilitation programs; however, before choosing a generic measuring tool during an evaluation, the psychometric validity of the instruments should be evaluated. In addition to the generic perspective, the evaluation of disease-specific outcomes is recommended.
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Стаханов, V. Stakhanov, Белова, E. Belova, Яснева, and M. Yasneva. "Evaluation of indicators of immunity in long and sickly children in primary care." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 9, no. 2 (2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10744.
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The authors have evaluated the immune status, the level of skin sensitivity to tuberculin in long and sickly children in primary care. It is stated that the main cause of frequent and long illness in children and adolescents are a chronic pathology of the naso - and oropharynx and the allergic diseases (bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis). Pathogenetic basis of frequent and long respiratory infections are the changes in an immunological reactivity, i.e. reduction of phagocytosis, disorders of functional activity of T-lymphocytes, the ratio changes of helpers/suppressors, reduction of the level of cytotoxic lymphocytes. These changes are non-specific and mixed involve all parts of the immune system. Tuberculin sensitivity in the majority of children has postvaccinal character. There is anergy on the second or third years after vaccination. Apparently, the low sensitivity is an index of immune reactivity in fre-quently and long ill children and it has a low immune response to BCG vaccination. The group of long and sick-ly children can be considered to the risk of developing tuberculosis.
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Assari, Shervin. "Protective Effects of Maternal Education against Low Birth Weight Deliveries: Blacks’ Diminished Returns." Research in Health Science 5, no. 4 (2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v5n4p1.
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Background: Racial and economic disparities in low birth weight (LBW) deliveries is among the most well-established differences between Blacks and Whites. As LBW is an established risk factor for chronic diseases such as asthma and diabetes, it is particularly important to understand drivers of racial and economic disparities in LBW deliveries in urban areas. Aims: Built on the Minorities’ Diminished Returns framework, which argues that educational attainment generates fewer positive health outcomes for Black than White Americans, we conducted this study with three aims: 1) to test the association between mothers’ educational attainment and LBW of babies born in urban areas, 2) to compare Blacks and Whites for the effect of mothers’ educational attainment on LBW, and 3) to test whether LBW is predictive of future chronic diseases 15 years later. Methods: Data came from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being / included a random sample of births in cities larger than 200,000 population. For the aims 1 and 2, we analyzed data of 2,922 births to Black (n = 2,146) or White (n = 776) mothers. For aim 3, we analyzed data of a subsample of 1,604 Black or White newborns who were followed to age 15. The presence or absence of chronic diseases was determined at age 15. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: Maternal educational attainment was inversely associated with LBW overall. We, however, found a significant interaction between maternal educational attainment and race, suggesting that the inverse association between maternal education and LBW is weaker for Black than White babies. At the same time, LBW increased the odds of chronic disease 15 years later. Conclusions: Diminished returns of maternal educational attainment contribute to racial disparities in LBW, which in turn contributes to future racial inequalities in chronic diseases in urban settings. That is, smaller protective effects of maternal education on reducing LBW for Black than White children contribute to the high prevalence of chronic diseases among adolescents in urban settings. Health disparities are not just due to racial differences in socioeconomic status but also diminishing returns of socioeconomic status indicators such as education for racial and ethnic minorities. Research should study contextual factors that reduce Blacks’ ability to translate their human capital to health outcomes in urban settings.
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Keegan, Theresa H. M., Lori S. Muffly, Qian Li, et al. "Medical Conditions Among Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (2018): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-111553.
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Abstract Introduction: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors are at an increased risk of developing subsequent medical problems, including asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and second cancers. However, few population-based studies have focused on these risks in AYAs with NHL, ALL or AML or considered whether the occurrence of these and other medical conditions differ by sociodemographic factors. Methods: Data for patients aged 15-39 when diagnosed with NHL (n=4,459), ALL (n=1,100) and AML (n=1,107) during 1996-2012 and surviving a minimum of 2 years were obtained from the California Cancer Registry and followed in California hospital discharge databases. Discharge diagnoses were used to classify medical conditions as cardiac (hypertensive disease, ischemic heart disease, other heart disease), neurologic (stroke, seizure), endocrine (hypothyroidism, diabetes, ovarian/testicular dysfunction, other metabolic diseases), respiratory (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), renal (chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, kidney transplant), liver (chronic liver disease, pancreatitis, cirrhosis, liver transplant), and avascular necrosis. Second cancers were obtained from the cancer registry. We estimated the cumulative incidence (CMI) of developing each condition 10-years after diagnosis, accounting for death as a competing risk. We determined the impact of race/ethnicity, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), health insurance status and stem cell transplant (SCT) on the occurrence of each medical condition after adjusting for other demographic and clinical factors using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The most common medical conditions among AYA survivors at 10-years were cardiac (CMI NHL: 11.6%; ALL= 20.5%; AML= 18.2%), endocrine (CMI NHL: 18.6%; ALL= 33.0%; AML= 25.9%) and respiratory (CMI NHL: 5.1%; ALL= 7.7%; AML= 6.8%) diseases. Avascular necrosis had the highest CMI in ALL patients (CMI NHL: 1.2%; ALL= 8.7%; AML= 2.5%). Neurologic (CMI NHL: 2.1%; ALL= 4.5%; AML= 4.9%) and liver (CMI NHL: 2.0%; ALL= 5.6%; AML= 4.4%) were more common in survivors of ALL and AML than NHL. Second cancers (2.3-2.5%) and renal diseases (2.2-3.5%) were less common at 10-years. NHL survivors with advanced stage disease had a higher incidence of all medical conditions, except second cancers. Chemotherapy was associated with a higher CMI of cardiac and endocrine conditions among NHL survivors; these associations could not be assessed in ALL and AML patients as nearly all patients received chemotherapy. Initial radiation therapy was not associated with a higher CMI of medical conditions in NHL or ALL survivors, but was associated with a higher CMI of respiratory, renal and endocrine diseases in AML survivors. In multivariable models, public or no insurance (vs private) was associated with a higher risk of most medical conditions in NHL and ALL survivors, but not AML survivors (Table). The risk of developing medical conditions varied by race/ethnicity, with Hispanics ALL survivors (vs non-Hispanic whites) at a higher risk of cardiac, renal, liver, endocrine, second cancers and neurologic diseases and black AML survivors at a higher risk of all medical conditions, except endocrine diseases. AYAs with NHL who resided in lower SES neighborhoods were at a higher risk for developing cardiac, respiratory and endocrine diseases; AML survivors in lower SES neighborhoods had a higher risk of respiratory diseases. Across all cancers, AYAs undergoing a SCT were at a higher risk of most medical conditions. Conclusion: This study found that sociodemographic factors were associated with the risk of developing medical conditions in AYA NHL, ALL and AML survivors. As expected, the risk of medical conditions varied by cancer type and treatment, with those undergoing SCT having a higher risk of medical conditions regardless of cancer type. NHL and ALL survivors who were uninsured or publicly insured were at a consistently higher risk of developing medical conditions, as were Hispanic ALL survivors and Black AML survivors. Our findings highlight the higher burden of medical conditions in subgroups of cancer survivors that may relate to reduced access to preventive care, early detection/intervention and long-term surveillance. Disclosures Muffly: Shire Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Research Funding.
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Victora, Cesar G., Fernando C. Barros, Rosângela C. Lima, et al. "The Pelotas birth cohort study, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 1982-2001." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 19, no. 5 (2003): 1241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2003000500003.
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Given the growing recognition of the importance of the life course approach for the determination of chronic diseases, birth cohort studies are becoming increasingly important. This paper describes the methods used in the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study, one of the largest and longest studies of this type in developing countries. All 5,914 hospital births occurring in Pelotas in 1982 (over 99% of all deliveries) were studied prospectively. The main stages of the study took place in 1983, 1984, 1986, 1995, 1997, 2000, and 2001. More than two thousand variables are available for each subject who participated in all stages of the study. Recent phases of the study included the examination of 2,250 males when presenting for the army recruitment exam in 2000, the study of a 27% sample of men and women in 2001 through household visits, and the study of over 400 children born to the cohort women. Follow-up rates in the recent stages of the cohort were 78.9% for the army examination and 69.0% for the household visits. Ethnographic and oral health studies were conducted in sub-samples. Some recent results on blood pressure, adolescent pregnancy, and asthma are presented as examples of utilization of the data. Suggestions on lessons learned for other cohort studies are proposed.
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Mbayei, Sarah A., Amanda Faulkner, Christine Miner, et al. "Severe Pertussis Infections in the United States, 2011–2015." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 2 (2018): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy889.
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Abstract Background The incidence of pertussis in the United States has increased in recent years. While characteristics of severe pertussis infection have been described in infants, fewer data are available in older children and adults. In this analysis, we characterize pertussis infections in hospitalized patients of all ages. Methods Cases of pertussis with cough onset from 1 January 2011 through 31 December 2015 from 7 US Emerging Infections Program Network states were reviewed. Additional information on hospitalized patients was obtained through abstraction of the inpatient medical record. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted to characterize severe pertussis infection and identify potential risk factors. Results Among 15942 cases of pertussis reported, 515 (3.2%) were hospitalized. Three hospitalized patients died. Infants aged <2 months accounted for 1.6% of all pertussis cases but 29.3% of hospitalizations. Infants aged 2–11 months and adults aged ≥65 years also had high rates of hospitalization. Infants aged <2 months whose mothers received acellular pertussis during the third trimester and children aged 2 months to 11 years who were up to date on pertussis-containing vaccines had a 43%–66% reduced risk of hospitalization. Among adolescents aged 12–20 years, 43.5% had a history of asthma, and among adults aged ≥65 years, 26.8% had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions Individuals at the extreme ends of life may be the most vulnerable to severe pertussis infections, though hospitalization was reported across all age groups. Continued monitoring of severe pertussis infections will be important to help guide prevention, control, and treatment options.
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Calin, N., A. T. Florescu, F. Bobirca, et al. "POS0569 LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF CHILDREN BORN TO WOMEN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 519.1–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3322.
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Background:Children born to women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased incidences of adverse neonatal outcomes and a potential excess risk of specific diseases during childhood and adolescence [1]. Further studies aimed at confirming long-term consequences in the offspring are needed.Objectives:To evaluate whether maternal RA has an impact on the health and developmental outcomes of the offspring.Methods:A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on data regarding 43 children born to mothers diagnosed with either RA or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) prior to conception. Participants were recruited from several Clinics of Rheumatology located across Romania. Data on neonatal outcomes, lactation, developmental milestones, childhood illnesses, and hospitalizations was collected using a patient-reported questionnaire completed by maternal participants in 2020.Results:Favorable neonatal outcomes were found in 81% of the participants; however, children of mothers with RA had a higher occurrence of favorable outcomes than those with JIA (p = 0.009). Adverse neonatal outcomes reported include the following: small for gestational age (11.6%), intrauterine growth restriction (4.65%), and preterm births (2.75%). There were no incidences of congenital malformations. The mean birth weights of offspring born to mothers with RA are higher than those with JIA (p = 0.00829).While the majority of the children were breastfed (88.4%), those who were not breastfed were hospitalized more often than those who were breastfed for any period of time (p = 0.03). Mothers who experienced a postpartum flare up within the first 4 months breastfed their children significantly less than those who did not have a flare up (14.62 versus 48 weeks, p = 0.00011).The mean age of the children at inclusion was 7.6 ± 5.5 years.Developmental milestones were considered to be within the expected average limits, except for an increased incidence of delayed speech (12%).51.2% of the children were hospitalized at some point during their childhood, with viral enterocolitis, tonsilitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia being the most frequently encountered reasons for admission. Surprisingly, children with favorable neonatal outcomes were hospitalized more often than those with unfavorable outcomes (p = 0.0000436). Additionally, children born to mothers under the age of 35 were hospitalized more often than those over 35 (p = 0.02).77.3% of offspring experienced recurrent ear/nose/throat (ENT) infections, 55.8% had allergies, and 39.5% were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Childhood allergies were strongly associated with an increased incidence of atopic dermatitis (p = 0.0000585), as was a concurrent maternal thrombophilia diagnosis (p = 0.03).Of the remaining childhood afflictions that were assessed asthma/chronic respiratory diseases (4.65%), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2.33%), ulcerative colitis (2.33%), diabetes, anxiety/personality disorders, thyroid diseases, febrile seizures, and epilepsy did not yield statistically significant results.Conclusion:Maternal RA was found to be associated with increased incidences of adverse neonatal outcomes, childhood hospitalizations, recurrent ENT infections, allergies, and atopic dermatitis. However, overall health outcomes of offspring did not show alarmingly significant excess morbidities.References:[1]Rom AL, Wu CS, Olsen J, et al. Parental rheumatoid arthritis and long-term child morbidity: a nationwide cohort study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2016;75(10):1831–1837. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208072Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Sato, Yuki, Ayako Hiyoshi, Carren Melinder, Chieko Suzuki, and Scott Montgomery. "Asthma and atopic diseases in adolescence and antidepressant medication in middle age." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 6 (2016): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316660181.
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This Swedish register-based cohort study examined whether asthma, hay fever and allergic dermatitis in late adolescence identified in the early 1970s are associated with antidepressant medication in middle age, between 2006 and 2009. After adjustment for childhood and adulthood sociodemographic characteristics, psychological, cognitive and physical function, and comorbidity, the magnitude of the associations diminished for asthma, while hay fever and atopic dermatitis retained associations. Hay fever and atopic dermatitis in adolescence have potentially important implications for future mental health, while asthma may already have influenced an individual’s ability to cope with stress by late adolescence.
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Ailioaie, L., and C. Ailioaie. "FRI0638-HPR IMPACT OF PARENTAL MIGRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MULTIFACTORIAL ETIOLOGY OF CHRONIC ARTHRITIS IN CHILDHOOD." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 923–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6118.
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Background:Migration of Romanians to work abroad began after 1990 with the aim to provide a better income and life for their family. Current studies show that the migration of one parent or both, even when it is temporary, produces negative long-term effects on the health and psychosocial evolution of the children affected. Children and adolescents exposed to chronic stress due to migration, misunderstandings between the parents, alcoholism, violence, divorce of the parents etc., present an increased risk of illness. More and more data from the literature suggest that prolonged stress and depression induces inadequate cortisol along with norepinephrine secretion, increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, which are the basis for autoimmune pathologies, such as chronic arthritis.Objectives:Given the extended phenomenon of migration from Romania and the increase in the cases with autoimmune pathology in children and adolescents, we aimed to evaluate the association between the disorders related to the permanent stress induced by the parental migration abroad and the risk of developing arthritis during childhood.Methods:The study included 201 children and adolescents aged 13.4 ± 3.7 years, who were in evidence of an outpatient health unit, from 2016-2019. These cases were included in a chronic disease registry with the diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), established by a pediatric rheumatologist.For the initial evaluation, we used a questionnaire that included the socio-demographic data. In comparison, we studied 40 healthy children (control group). The family drawing test was used for patients between 5 and 16 years of age to identify possible conflicts with certain family members, to assess the emotional and psychological maturity of the child or adolescent, and to find out if are there any problems at home.Results:At the end of the study, only 181 (90%) of the eligible patients completed the questionnaire and the family drawing test. Demographic data showed that patients from rural areas predominated (71.8%), compared to 28.2% from urban areas.In terms of sex, 52.5% were male, compared to 47.5% female. Family history (mother, father, sister, brother, grandfather, aunt, uncle) of autoimmune disease was encountered in 28.1% of patients, as follows: spondylarthritis in 9.4% cases, rheumatoid arthritis in 8.8% cases, JIA in 3.9% cases and other autoimmune diseases (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Scleroderma, Diabetes, Asthma) in 6% cases. Patients from low-income families were in 82.3% of cases. 72.5% of the cases had a prolonged state of stress by migrant parents for working abroad [38.7% only one parent (30% mother) and both parents in 17.7% of cases], divorce in the family in 11.6% of cases, unmarried mother in 2.8% of cases, and a close relative recently deceased in 1.7% of patients.Subcategories of JIA included: polyarticular JIA negative Rheumatoid Factor (RF) in 39.77% of cases, enthesitis-related arthritis in 27.07% of cases, polyarticular JIA positive RF in 14.36% of cases, oligoarticular JIA in 14.9% of cases, systemic JIA in 3.31% of cases and psoriatic JIA in 0.59% of patients.Conclusion:Both the data from the questionnaires, but especially the family drawing tests, suggest that the prolonged state of stress with anxiety, sadness, pain and depression, in combination with starvation, lack of parental love and the genetic predisposition, have contributed to the emergence of chronic arthritis, pathology that is growing more and more in recent years in Romania.References:[1] Dube SR, Fairweather D, Pearson WS, Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Croft JB. Cumulative childhood stress and autoimmune disease in adults. Psychosom Med. 2009; 71:243–250.[2] Song H, Fang F, Tomasson G, et al. Association of stress-related disorders with subsequent autoimmune disease. JAMA, 2018; 319:2388–2400.[3] Vallerand IA, Patten SB, Barnabe C. Depression and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2019; 31(3):279-284.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Abe, Masanobu, Akihisa Mitani, Atsushi Yao, et al. "Close Associations of Gum Bleeding with Systemic Diseases in Late Adolescence." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (2020): 4290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124290.
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Background: Though it is well known that periodontal diseases are associated with various systemic diseases in adults, the associations in late adolescents have not been adequately elucidated. We investigated the association between gum bleeding (a major symptom of periodontal diseases) and common systemic diseases in late adolescents: allergic, respiratory, and otorhinolaryngologic diseases. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the mandatory medical questionnaires administered as a part of legally required freshman medical checkup between April 2017 and April 2019 at the University of Tokyo. Among the total of 9376 sets of responses, 9098 sets from students aged less than 20 were analyzed. An χ2 test and univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses were performed using SAS ver. 9.4. A value of p < 0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: According to the questionnaire data, 3321 students (36.5%; 2780 males and 541 females) responded that they experienced gum bleeding whenever they brushed their teeth. These students had significantly higher incidence rates of otitis media/externa and asthma/cough-variant asthma (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). The results of the multivariate analysis showed significant rates of the following complications among these students: (1) otitis media/externa (odds ratio (OR) 1.691; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.193–2.396; p = 0.003), (2) asthma/cough-variant asthma (OR 1.303; 95% CI: 1.091–1.556; p = 0.003), and (3) male gender (OR 1.536; 95% CI: 1.337–1.765; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Gum bleeding was closely associated with otitis media/externa and asthma in late adolescents. Our study reinforces new evidence about the association between periodontal diseases and asthma, and it reveals a novel and close association between gum bleeding and otitis media/externa.
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Cormier, M., and C. Lemière. "Occupational asthma." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 1 (2020): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.19.0301.
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Work-related asthma is highly prevalent and represents a significant societal and financial burden worldwide. This State of the Art series article explores the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of occupational asthma (OA), which comprises sensitiser-induced asthma and irritant-induced asthma (IIA). Sensitiser-induced OA is the development of asthma through sensitisation to a substance in the workplace. OA is largely underdiagnosed, and its clinical manifestations are non-specific, which makes its diagnosis challenging. Early and accurate diagnosis of OA through comprehensive testing is primordial to avoid unwarranted removal from exposure and to allow early management of confirmed cases. Despite optimal management, up to 70% of patients with OA will have persistent asthma several years after diagnosis. IIA classically refers to the development of de novo asthma acutely following an intense exposure to an irritant agent. However, some cases of IIA following multiple high-level exposures or a chronic low-dose exposure have been reported.
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Odler, Balázs, and Veronika Müller. "Asthma-COPD overlap szindróma." Orvosi Hetilap 157, no. 33 (2016): 1304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30520.
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Obstructive lung diseases represent a major health problem worldwide due to their high prevalence associated with elevated socioeconomic costs. Bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are chronic obstructive ventilatory disorders with airway inflammation, however they are separate nosological entities based on thedifferent development, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and prognostic features. However, these diseases may coexist and can be defined as the coexistence of increased variability of airflow in a patient with incompletely reversible airway obstruction. This phenotype is called asthma – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. The syndrome is a clinical and scientific challenge as the majority of these patients have been excluded from the clinical and pharmacological trials, thus well-defined clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches are lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize the currently available literature focusing on pathophysiological and clinical features, and discuss possible therapeutic approaches of patients with asthma – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(33), 1304–1313.
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Velsor-Friedrich, Barbara, Fran Vlasses, Jorie Moberley, and Lenore Coover. "Talking With Teens About Asthma Management." Journal of School Nursing 20, no. 3 (2004): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405040200030401.
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Asthma is a chronic illness that affects approximately 7 million children and adolescents in the United States. Teens seem to be at higher risk for poor asthma health outcomes because of the tumultuous changes associated with adolescence. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences and behaviors related to the self-management of teens with asthma. Teens from four different high schools participated in one of four focus groups. Based on these discussions, the following themes emerged related to teens’ management of their asthma: wanting to be normal, the unpredictability of the disease, the credibility of the teen with asthma, and self-management issues. Recommendations for developing education and management strategies for teens with asthma are discussed.
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Müller, Veronika, Gabriella Gálffy, and Lilla Tamási. "Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap." Orvosi Hetilap 152, no. 3 (2011): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29025.
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Asthma bronchiale and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most prevalent lung diseases characterized by inflammation of the airways. International and Hungarian guidelines privide proper definitions for clinical symptoms, diagnostics and therapy of both diseases. However, in everyday clinical practice, overlap of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has become more frequent. As guidelines are mainly based on large, multicenter, randomized, controlled trials that exclude overlap patients, there is a lack of diagnostic and especially therapeutic strategies for these patients. This review summarizes clinical characteristics of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap, and provides daily practical examples for its management. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 114–118.
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Argun Baris, Serap, Tuğba Onyilmaz, Ilknur Basyigit, and Hasim Boyaci. "Endobronchial Tuberculosis Mimicking Asthma." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/781842.
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Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is defined as tuberculosis infection of the tracheobronchial tree with microbial and histopathological evidence. The clinical symptoms of the diseases are nonspecific. Chronic cough is the major symptom of the disease. The diagnosis is often delayed due to its nonspecific presentation and misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma. This case is presented to recall the notion that the endobronchial tuberculosis can mimic asthma and the importance of bronchoscopic evaluation in a patient with chronic cough and treatment resistant asthma.
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Park, Jisoo, Eun-Kyung Kim, Mi-Ae Kim, et al. "Increased Risk of Exacerbation in Asthma Predominant Asthma–Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome." Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 81, no. 4 (2018): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2017.0064.
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Mohammad, Hala A., Mohammad T. Abdulfttah, Ali O. Abdulazez, Ahmed M. Mahmoud, and Rasha M. Emam. "A study of electrolyte disturbances in patients with chronic stable asthma and with asthma attacks." Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 63, no. 3 (2014): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.03.010.
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Staniek, V., MP Emery, A. Marrel, C. Dias-Barbosa, and A. Williams. "PRS33 TREATMENT SATISFACTION QUESTIONNAIRES IN ASTHMA AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES." Value in Health 11, no. 3 (2008): A279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)70881-0.
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Magnussen, Richter, and Taube. "Are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma different diseases?" Clinical & Experimental Allergy 28 (November 1998): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1998.028s5187.x.
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Sterk, Peter J. "Chronic diseases like asthma and COPD: do they truly exist?" European Respiratory Journal 47, no. 2 (2016): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01930-2015.
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Massoth, Landon, Cody Anderson, and Kibwei A. McKinney. "Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Diagnosis and Medical Management." Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci7040053.
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Asthma is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the lower airways characterized byvariable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchialhyperresponsiveness (BHR). Symptomatically, these patients may demonstrate wheezing,breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. This disease is a substantial burden to a growingpopulation worldwide that currently exceeds 300 million individuals. This is a condition that isfrequently encountered, but often overlooked in the field of otolaryngology. In asthma, comorbidconditions are routinely present and contribute to respiratory symptoms, decreased quality of life,and poorer asthma control. It is associated with otolaryngic diseases of the upper airways includingallergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). These conditions have been linkedepidemiologically and pathophysiologically. Presently, they are considered in the context of theunified airway theory, which describes the upper and lower airways as a single functional unit.Thus, it is important for otolaryngologists to understand asthma and its complex relationships tocomorbid diseases, in order to provide comprehensive care to these patients. In this article, wereview key elements necessary for understanding the evaluation and management of asthma andits interrelatedness to CRS.
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Divya, Khanduja, and Pandhi Naveen. "A Case series on Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) is independent from other chronic obstructive diseases (COPD and Asthma)." Journal of Pulmonology and Respiratory Research 5, no. 1 (2021): 054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jprr.1001025.
Full textAbstract:
As we know that, Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are well characterized diseases, they can co-exist as asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). The co-existence of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is often unrecognized. In patients with a primary diagnosis of COPD or Asthma, the identification of ACO has got implication for better prognosis and treatment. Such patients experience frequent exacerbations, poor quality of life, rapid decline in lung function and high mortality than COPD or Asthma alone. Inhalational steroids provide significant alleviation of symptoms in such patients and some studies suggest that the most severe patients may respond to biological agents indicated for severe asthma. Patients who have asthma with a COPD component tend to present with severe hypoxia because of Irreversible/fixed airway obstruction and impairment of the alveolar diffusion capacity by emphysematous changes. In contrast, patients with COPD who have an asthma component not only have exertional dyspnoea but also develop paroxysmal wheezing or dyspnoea at night or in the early morning. The criteria to diagnose asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) include positive bronchodilator response, sputum eosinophilia or previous diagnosis of asthma, high IgE and/or history of atopy. There is scarcity of literature available in country like India. We highlight the importance of identification of Asthma COPD overlap as different phenotype from COPD or asthma alone as it is challenging to diagnose ACO in India. We report 3 cases having both the features of asthma and COPD, later diagnosed with Asthma-COPD overlap.
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Navinés-Ferrer, Arnau, Eva Serrano-Candelas, Gustavo-J. Molina-Molina, and Margarita Martín. "IgE-Related Chronic Diseases and Anti-IgE-Based Treatments." Journal of Immunology Research 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8163803.
Full textAbstract:
IgE is an immunoglobulin that plays a central role in acute allergic reactions and chronic inflammatory allergic diseases. The development of a drug able to neutralize this antibody represents a breakthrough in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies with a probable allergic basis. This review focuses on IgE-related chronic diseases, such as allergic asthma and chronic urticaria (CU), and on the role of the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, omalizumab, in their treatment. We also assess the off-label use of omalizumab for other pathologies associated with IgE and report the latest findings concerning this drug and other new related drugs. To date, omalizumab has only been approved for severe allergic asthma and unresponsive chronic urticaria treatments. In allergic asthma, omalizumab has demonstrated its efficacy in reducing the dose of inhaled corticosteroids required by patients, decreasing the number of asthma exacerbations, and limiting the effect on airway remodeling. In CU, omalizumab treatment rapidly improves symptoms and in some cases achieves complete disease remission. In systemic mastocytosis, omalizumab also improves symptoms and its prophylactic use to prevent anaphylactic reactions has also been discussed. In other pathologies such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, and keratoconjunctivitis, omalizumab significantly improves clinical manifestations. Omalizumab acts in two ways: by sequestering free IgE and by accelerating the dissociation of the IgE-Fcεreceptor I complex.
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Trofimov, V. I., and D. Z. Baranov. "Clinical and functional peculiarities at patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and overlap of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 24, no. 4 (2020): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-4-80-86.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: a comparative analysis of laboratory and instrumental tests at patients with bronchial obstructive diseases seems very actual due to the wide prevalence of these diseases. THE AIM: to evaluate characteristics of spirometry as well as allergic (total IgE, sputum eosinophils) and infectious (blood and sputum leucocytes, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen) inflammation markers at patients with bronchial obstructive diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 104 case histories of patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and overlap were analyzed including age, duration of smoking (pack-years), laboratory (clinical blood test, biochemical blood test, general sputum analysis, sputum culture) and instrumental (spirometry, body plethysmography, echocardiography) tests. Data were processed statistically with non-parametric methods. RESULTS: COPD patients were older than other groups’ patients, had the highest pack-years index. ACO patients were marked with maximal TLC and Raw, minimal FEV1, FEF25-75, FEV1/FVC. Patients with COPD had the highest inflammation markers (leucocyte count, CRP, fibrinogen). CONCLUSION: high active inflammation may cause severe lower airways possibility disorders at patients with COPD. Data related to a possible role of K. pneumoniaе in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammation in lower airways are of significant interest. Patients with ACO occupy an intermediate position between asthma and COPD patients based on clinical and functional features.
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Wise, Robert A. "Asthma‐chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: A clinical entity?" Journal of Precision Respiratory Medicine 3, no. 1 (2020): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/jprm.2020.3.200003.
Full textAbstract:
Asthma and COPD are easily recognizable clinical entities in their characteristic presentations. Asthma is an early-onset disorder characterized by Type 2, eosinophil-predominant, inflammation of the airways and is associated with atopy. COPD presents in middle age and is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation of the airways and is associated with cigarette smoking or biomass fuel exposure. Between exacerbations, asthma typically has normal lung function whereas COPD has incompletely reversible lung function. Approximately one in five patients with either of these disorders will show some features of both COPD and Asthma. This overlap is far more common than can be accounted for by chance concurrence of two common diseases. There are likely genetic and environmental susceptibilities to both disorders, but there is no single pathobiological mechanism that identifies all such overlap patients. Most likely there are numerous predispositions that lead to Asthma-COPD overlap that may be grounded in early childhood or even pre-natal events. Thus, Asthma-COPD overlap is best considered a family of diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations. The future elucidation of these different pathways to Asthma-COPD overlap, in conjunction with highly targeted therapies will aid clinicians in treating these patients.
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Kauppi, Paula, Miika Linna, Juha Jantunen, et al. "Chronic Comorbidities Contribute to the Burden and Costs of Persistent Asthma." Mediators of Inflammation 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/819194.
Full textAbstract:
Background. We aimed to study the prevalence of chronic comorbidities in asthma patients and the costs of health care use associated with asthma with comorbidities.Material and Methods. We analysed the prevalence of the four most common chronic diseases in asthma patients in 2008–2014 in Finland. Prevalence of coronary artery disease, diabetes and dyslipidaemia, hypertension, epilepsy, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic diseases, and severe psychiatric disease was studied by register of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. The costs of health care services were collected from the registries maintained by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL).Results. Prevalence of asthma was 4.6% in 2014. Diabetes was among the four most common comorbidities in all the age groups. The other common comorbidities were hypertension (≥46 years; 12.9–37.6%), severe psychiatric disorders (age groups of 16–59 years; 1.4–3.5%), and ischaemic heart disease (≥60 years; 10–25%). In patients with both asthma and diabetes, the costs of hospitalization were approximately 169% compared with patients with asthma alone.Conclusions. Prevalence of asthma increases by tenfold when aging. The comorbidity diversity and rate are age-dependent. Prevalence of diabetes as comorbidity in asthma has increased. Costs of hospitalizations in asthma approximately double with chronic comorbidities.