Journal articles: 'Asthma Asthma in children Air'

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Golden, Robert, and Stewart Holm. "Indoor Air Quality and Asthma." Dose-Response 15, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 155932581769115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325817691159.

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Numerous contaminants in indoor air and their potential to cause or exacerbate asthma continue to be a subject of public health concern. Many agents are causally associated with or can exacerbate asthma, particularly in children. For formaldehyde, an established respiratory irritant based on numerous studies, the evidence for an association with asthma is still considered only limited or suggestive. However, there is no evidence that indicates increased sensitivity to sensory irritation to formaldehyde in people often regarded as susceptible such as asthmatics. Acrolein, but not formaldehyde, was significantly associated with asthma in a large cohort of children. This prompted an evaluation of this highly irritating chemical that had never previously been considered in the context of the indoor air/childhood asthma issue. Because acrolein is more potent than formaldehyde as a respiratory irritant and ubiquitous in indoor air, it is plausible that previous studies on potential risk factors and childhood asthma may be confounded by formaldehyde acting as an unrecognized proxy for acrolein.

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Finkelstein, M. "Air pollution and asthma in children." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 157—a—158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.58.2.157-a.

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Tiotiu, Angelica I., Plamena Novakova, Denislava Nedeva, Herberto Jose Chong-Neto, Silviya Novakova, Paschalis Steiropoulos, and Krzysztof Kowal. "Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma Outcomes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 6212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176212.

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Evidence suggests that air pollution has a negative impact on asthma outcomes in both adult and pediatric populations. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the effect of various outdoor and indoor pollutants on asthma outcomes, their burden on its management, as well as to highlight the measures that could result in improved asthma outcomes. Traffic-related air pollution, nitrogen dioxide and second-hand smoking (SHS) exposures represent significant risk factors for asthma development in children. Nevertheless, a causal relation between air pollution and development of adult asthma is not clearly established. Exposure to outdoor pollutants can induce asthma symptoms, exacerbations and decreases in lung function. Active tobacco smoking is associated with poorer asthma control, while exposure to SHS increases the risk of asthma exacerbations, respiratory symptoms and healthcare utilization. Other indoor pollutants such as heating sources and molds can also negatively impact the course of asthma. Global measures, that aim to reduce exposure to air pollutants, are highly needed in order to improve the outcomes and management of adult and pediatric asthma in addition to the existing guidelines.

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Cockcroft, Donald. "Environmental Causes of Asthma." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 39, no. 01 (February 2018): 012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606219.

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AbstractEnvironmental factors which cause asthma are those that induce airway inflammation with eosinophils (more common) or neutrophils along with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The most common of these (indeed the most common cause of asthma) are IgE-mediated inhalant allergen exposures. Allergen-induced AHR and inflammation are both associated with the allergen-induced late asthmatic response (LAR). Although allergens were previously recognized only as causes of symptoms and bronchoconstriction in asthmatics, we now appreciate them as causes of the fundamental pathophysiologic features of asthma. Low-molecular-weight chemical sensitizers, causes of occupational asthma, also cause asthma in a manner analogous to allergen. Acute irritant-induced asthma (reactive airways dysfunction syndrome) following a very heavy irritant exposure and chronic irritant-induced asthma following repeated high exposures can also induce persistent or permanent changes (inflammation and AHR) consistent with asthma. Textile dust exposure produces a different form of airway disease (byssinosis) which is less frequently observed currently. Environmental exposure to tobacco smoke facilitates the development of asthma in children. Personal smoking and environmental air pollution have an inconsistent and likely generally small effect in causing asthma.

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Lavigne, Éric, Marc-André Bélair, Daniel Rodriguez Duque, Minh T. Do, David M. Stieb, Perry Hystad, Aaron van Donkelaar, et al. "Effect modification of perinatal exposure to air pollution and childhood asthma incidence." European Respiratory Journal 51, no. 3 (February 1, 2018): 1701884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01884-2017.

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Perinatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with childhood asthma incidence; however, less is known regarding the potential effect modifiers in this association. We examined whether maternal and infant characteristics modified the association between perinatal exposure to air pollution and development of childhood asthma.761 172 births occurring between 2006 and 2012 were identified in the province of Ontario, Canada. Associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and childhood asthma incidence (up to age 6 years) were estimated using Cox regression models.110 981 children with asthma were identified. In models adjusted for postnatal exposures, second-trimester exposures to particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (hazard ratio (HR) per interquartile range (IQR) increase 1.07, 95% CI 1.06–1.09) and nitrogen dioxide (HR per IQR increase 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.08) were associated with childhood asthma development. Enhanced impacts were found among children born to mothers with asthma, who smoked during pregnancy or lived in urban areas during pregnancy, males and children born preterm or of low birthweight.Prenatal exposure to air pollution may have a differential impact on the risk of asthma development, according to maternal and infant characteristics.

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Contreras, Maria, Kevin Keys, Joaquin Magana, Page Goddard, Oona Risse-Adams, Andrew M. Zeiger, Angel C. Y. Mak, et al. "Native American Ancestry and Air Pollution Interact to Impact Bronchodilator Response in Puerto Rican Children with Asthma." Ethnicity & Disease 31, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.31.1.77.

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Objective: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. Short-acting bronchodilator medications are the most commonly prescribed asthma treatment worldwide, regardless of disease severity. Puerto Rican children display the highest asthma morbidity and mortality of any US population. Alarmingly, Puerto Rican children with asthma display poor bronchodilator drug response (BDR). Reduced BDR may explain, in part, the increased asthma morbidity and mortality observed in Puerto Rican children with asthma. Gene-environment interactions may explain a portion of the heritability of BDR. We aimed to identify gene-environment interactions associated with BDR in Puerto Rican children with asthma.Setting: Genetic, environmental, and psycho-social data from the Genes-environments and Admixture in Latino Americans (GALA II) case-control study.Participants: Our discovery dataset consisted of 658 Puerto Rican children with asthma; our replication dataset consisted of 514 Mexican American children with asthma.Main Outcomes Measures: We assessed the association of pairwise interaction models with BDR using ViSEN (Visualization of Statistical Epistasis Networks).Results: We identified a non-linear interaction between Native American genetic ancestry and air pollution significantly associated with BDR in Puerto Rican children with asthma. This interaction was robust to adjustment for age and sex but was not significantly associated with BDR in our replication population.Conclusions: Decreased Native American ancestry coupled with increased air pollution exposure was associated with increased BDR in Puerto Rican children with asthma. Our study acknowledges BDR’s phenotypic complexity, and emphasizes the importance of integrating social, environmental, and biological data to further our understanding of complex disease.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(1):77- 88; doi:10.18865/ed.31.1.77

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Kuo, Ching-Yen, Chin-Kan Chan, Chiung-Yi Wu, Dinh-Van Phan, and Chien-Lung Chan. "The Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollutants on Childhood Asthma Hospitalization in Taiwan: A National Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (January 12, 2019): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020203.

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This investigation determined the effects of air pollution on childhood asthma hospitalization in regions with differing air pollution levels in Taiwan over a long time period. Data of childhood hospital admissions for asthma in patients aged 0–18 years and air quality in eight regions for the period 2001–2012 in Taiwan were collected. Poisson generalized linear regression analysis was employed to identify the relative risks of hospitalization due to asthma in children associated with exposure to varying levels of air pollutants with a change in the interquartile range after adjusting for temperature and relative humidity. Particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), were positively associated with childhood asthma hospitalization, while O3 was negatively associated with childhood asthma hospitalization. SO2 was identified as the most significant risk factor. The relative risks for asthma hospitalization associated with air pollutants were higher among children aged 0–5 years than aged 6–18 years and were higher among males than females. The effects of air pollution on childhood asthma were greater in the higher-level air pollution regions, while no association was observed in the lower-level air pollution regions. These findings may prove important for policymakers involved in implementing policies to reduce air pollution.

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Harsono, Ariyanto, Sri Kusumawardani, Makmuri MS, and Gunadi Santosa. "Airway reversibility in newly developed asthma in children." Paediatrica Indonesiana 43, no. 1 (September 24, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi43.1.2003.1-5.

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Objective To determine factors influencing forced expiratory vol-ume in one second (FEV 1 ) reversibility in newly developed asthmain childrenMethods A cross sectional study was done on 52 patients aged 6-14 years who were recruited from a longitudinal study of 161 newlydeveloped asthmatic children. Pre and post-bronchodilator FEV 1were obtained to calculate the reversibility. Seven patients had toperform peak expiratory volume (PEV) variability before recruited.Some variables including sex, age, height, onset of asthma, fre-quency of asthma attacks at the time of the test were analyzed toevaluate their roles in the outcome of FEV 1 reversibility using pairedsample t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multi regres-sion analysis.Results Mean pre- and post-bronchodilator FEV 1 were 1.14 (SD0.24) and 1.31 (SD 0.28), respectively. FEV 1 reversibility rangedbetween 6%-36%. Bivariate analyses demonstrated significant cor-relation between either cough (p=0.031) or symptom-free (p=0.041)and the airway reversibility. Multivariate analysis showed that coughwas an important factor influencing airway reversibility (p=0.0246).Conclusion Cough is an important influencing factor of the air-way reversibility

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Yu, Hong-Ren, Chun-Hung Richard Lin, Jui-Hsiu Tsai, Yun-Ting Hsieh, Ti-An Tsai, Chang-Ku Tsai, Yi-Chen Lee, et al. "A Multifactorial Evaluation of the Effects of Air Pollution and Meteorological Factors on Asthma Exacerbation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114010.

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In the real world, dynamic changes in air pollutants and meteorological factors coexist simultaneously. Studies identifying the effects of individual pollutants on acute exacerbation (AE) of asthma may overlook the health effects of the overall combination. A comprehensive study examining the influence of air pollution and meteorological factors is required. Asthma AE data from emergency room visits were collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Complete monitoring data for air pollutants (SO2; NO2; O3; CO; PM2.5; PM10) and meteorological factors were collected from the Environmental Protection Agency monitoring stations. A bi-directional case-crossover analysis was used to investigate the effects of air pollution and meteorological factors on asthma AE. Among age group divisions, a 1 °C temperature increase was a protective factor for asthma ER visits with OR = 0.981 (95% CI, 0.971–0.991) and 0.985 (95% CI, 0.975–0.994) for pediatric and adult patients, respectively. Children, especially younger females, are more susceptible to asthma AE due to the effects of outdoor air pollution than adults. Meteorological factors are important modulators for asthma AE in both asthmatic children and adults. When studying the effects of air pollution on asthma AE, meteorological factors should be considered.

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Tzivian, Lilian. "Outdoor Air Pollution and Asthma in Children." Journal of Asthma 48, no. 5 (April 13, 2011): 470–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2011.570407.

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Reisman, J., L. Mappa, F. de Benedictis, J. McLaughlin, and H. Levison. "Cold air challenge in children with asthma." Pediatric Pulmonology 3, no. 4 (July 1987): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.1950030410.

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Migliaretti, Giuseppe, and Franco Cavallo. "Urban air pollution and asthma in children." Pediatric Pulmonology 38, no. 3 (September 2004): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.20057.

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Breysse, P. N., G. B. Diette, E. C. Matsui, A. M. Butz, N. N. Hansel, and M. C. McCormack. "Indoor Air Pollution and Asthma in Children." Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 7, no. 2 (April 28, 2010): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/pats.200908-083rm.

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Heinrich, J. "Air pollution, asthma and allergies in children." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.051193.

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Bouazza, Naïm, Frantz Foissac, Saik Urien, Romain Guedj, Ricardo Carbajal, Jean-Marc Tréluyer, and Hélène Chappuy. "Fine particulate pollution and asthma exacerbations." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 9 (December 19, 2017): 828–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-312826.

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ObjectiveAs the results from epidemiological studies about the impact of outdoor air pollution on asthma in children are heterogeneous, our objective was to investigate the association between asthma exacerbation in children and exposure to air pollutants.MethodsA database of 1 264 585 paediatric visits during the 2010–2015 period to the emergency rooms from 20 emergency departments (EDs) of ‘Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)’, the largest hospital group in Europe, was used. A total of 47 107 visits were classified as asthma exacerbations. Concentration of air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, ozone, fine particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 µm (PM10) and 2.5 µm (PM2.5)), as well as meteorological data, evolution of respiratory syncytial virus infection and pollen exposition, were collected on an hourly or daily basis for the same period using institutional databases. To assess the association between air pollution and asthma, mixed-effects quasi-Poisson regression modelling was performed.ResultsThe only compound independently associated with ED visits for asthma was PM2.5 (P<10−4). The association between asthma exacerbation and PM2.5 was not linear, and a sigmoid function described the relationshipsatisfactorily. PM2.5 concentration, which gives half the maximum effect, was estimated at 13.5 µg/m3.ConclusionsWe found an association between daily asthma exacerbation in paediatric visits to the ED and fine particulate air pollutants.

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Parker, Joan N., and Mary Lee Dunn. "Reducing Asthma Triggers in Schools: Recommendations for Effective Policies, Regulations, and Legislation." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 16, no. 1 (May 2006): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/24eg-2m2u-la0g-43bt.

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While 31 million Americans have been diagnosed with asthma, children are most severely affected. Asthma also is common among teachers, indicating that the school building environment may be associated with asthma prevalence among occupants. Children are sensitive to environmental pollutants, which are more concentrated in indoor air environments. Schools are a significant source of indoor air pollutants. Yet little research has addressed the causal relationship between asthma and specific levels of indoor pollutants. Indoor air quality is seldom controlled in schools in a way that minimizes such exposures. While few laws limit indoor air pollutants in schools, some laws outline or mandate practices that can control exposures. This report presents recommendations for laws and regulations that control and, ideally, prevent indoor air quality problems and aims to reduce or mitigate such disease.

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Commodore, Sarah, Pamela L. Ferguson, Brian Neelon, Roger Newman, William Grobman, Alan Tita, John Pearce, et al. "Reported Neighborhood Traffic and the Odds of Asthma/Asthma-Like Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Multi-Racial Cohort of Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010243.

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Asthma in children poses a significant clinical and public health burden. We examined the association between reported neighborhood traffic (a proxy for traffic-related air pollution) and asthma among 855 multi-racial children aged 4–8 years old who participated in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort. We hypothesized that high neighborhood traffic density would be associated with the prevalence of asthma. Asthma/asthma-like symptoms (defined as current and/or past physician diagnosed asthma, past wheezing, or nighttime cough or wheezing in the past 12 months) was assessed by parental report. The relationship between neighborhood traffic and asthma/asthma-like symptoms was assessed using logistic regression. The prevalence of asthma/asthma-like symptoms among study participants was 23%, and 15% had high neighborhood traffic. Children with significant neighborhood traffic had a higher odds of having asthma/asthma-like symptoms than children without neighborhood traffic [adjusted OR = 2.01 (95% CI: 1.12, 3.62)] after controlling for child’s race-ethnicity, age, sex, maternal education, family history of asthma, play equipment in the home environment, public parks, obesity and prescribed asthma medication. Further characterization of neighborhood traffic is needed since many children live near high traffic zones and significant racial/ethnic disparities exist.

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Yitshak-Sade, Maayan, Victor Novack, Itzhak Katra, Rafael Gorodischer, Asher Tal, and Lena Novack. "Non-anthropogenic dust exposure and asthma medication purchase in children." European Respiratory Journal 45, no. 3 (October 16, 2014): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00078614.

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Air pollution has been shown to increase frequency of asthma attacks, as usually measured by hospitalisation rates. We hypothesise that purchase of asthma reliever medications will reflect a broader association between the environmental exposure and asthma exacerbations.In a time series analysis, we estimated the association of dust storms with mild asthma manifestations, as indicated by medication purchases, during 2005–2011. We compared our results with the estimation of the association of dust storms with hospitalisations due to asthma and asthma-like symptoms.We detected 289 dust storms characterised by high levels of particulate matter <10 μm in diameter. We identified 42 920 children with asthma, wheezing or asthma-like symptoms, of whom 2418 were hospitalised. We observed a higher risk of asthma medication purchase on the day of a mild dust storm (relative risk 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.10). The next peak in drug purchases was 3 days later and was more pronounced among Bedouin-Arab children. Stratified analyses showed higher risks for hospitalisation among Bedouin-Arab children; especially among children living in temporary houses (relative risk 1.33, 95% CI 1.04–1.71).We observed an increased risk of asthma medication purchase associated with mild dust storms. The risk observed for hospitalisation was more pronounced among the rural Bedouin-Arab population.

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Lau, Nelson, Alex Norman, Mary Jane Smith, Atanu Sarkar, and Zhiwei Gao. "Association between Traffic Related Air Pollution and the Development of Asthma Phenotypes in Children: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Chronic Diseases 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4047386.

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Introduction. Traffic related air pollution (TRAP) has long been associated with the onset of childhood asthma. The relationship between TRAP exposure and the development of childhood asthma phenotypes is less understood. To better understand this relationship, we performed a systematic review of the literature studying childhood TRAP exposure and the development of childhood asthma and wheezing phenotypes (transient, persistent, and late-onset asthma/wheezing phenotypes). Methods. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for current literature, returning 1706 unique articles. After screening and selection, 7 articles were included in the final review. Due to the low number of articles, no meta-analysis was performed. Results. TRAP exposure appears to be associated with both transient and persistent asthma/wheezing phenotypes. However, there was little evidence to suggest a relationship between TRAP exposure and late-onset asthma/wheezing. The differing results may be in part due to the heterogeneity in study methods and asthma/wheezing phenotype definitions, in addition to other factors such as genetics. Conclusion. TRAP exposure may be associated with transient and persistent asthma/wheezing phenotypes in children. The low number of studies and differing results suggest that further studies are warranted.

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Huynh, Peter, Muhammad T. Salam, Tricia Morphew, Kenny Y. C. Kwong, and Lyne Scott. "Residential Proximity to Freeways is Associated with Uncontrolled Asthma in Inner-City Hispanic Children and Adolescents." Journal of Allergy 2010 (June 13, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/157249.

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Background. Proximity to heavy traffic has been linked to increased asthma severity. However, it is unknown whether exposure to heavy traffic is associated with the ability to maintain asthma control. Objectives. This study examines whether exposure to heavy traffic is associated with the ability to maintain asthma control in inner-city children. Methods. 756 inner-city asthmatic Hispanic children were followed for one year in a pediatric asthma management program (Breathmobile). At each scheduled visit, asthma specialist tracked patients' asthma severity and managed their asthma based on the NAEPP guidelines. The patients' residential distance from the nearest freeway was calculated based on residential address at study entry. Distance to nearest freeway was used as a surrogate marker for high exposure from traffic-related air pollutants. Results. Patients who lived near a freeway were significantly more likely to have asthma that was not well controlled (). Patients with intermittent and mild baseline severity have a two-fold increased risk of having asthma that is uncontrolled if they lived miles from a freeway (, ). Conclusion. In children with asthma, residential proximity to freeways is associated with uncontrolled asthma.

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Glushkova, Evgeniya F., and Tatiana N. Surovenko. "Is it always easy for children with mild asthma?" Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-1-203-212.

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Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic disease of children, the worst way is their quality of life. Compliance in the treatment of children is very important, since the actual effect of a drug is determined by both the effective drugs and patient adherence and correct use. A relevant test is the use of mild asthma, which is able to control bronchial hyperreactivity associated with exercise, cold air, and other nonspecific irritants (smoke, odors, etc.). Planning of baseline therapy for children with mild asthma aged 5 years old and younger is particularly problematic for paediatricians due to high incidences of acute respiratory viral diseases and viral-induced exacerbations of bronchial asthma among them. In these children, allergen-specific immunotherapy, long-acting B-agonists, the use of many metered-dose inhaled glucocorticosteroids. are not recommended.Montelukast, an oral antileukotriene drug, has advantages in the treatment of children with mild asthma with virus-induced exacerbations, with asthma of physical exertion and severe bronchial hyperreactivity, especially when combined with allergic rhinitis, as well as in special clinical cases, when parents refuse to use ICS for treatment children with mild asthma or inability to use them for some reason. The use of montelukast for mild asthma in children in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic also has advantages that pediatricians can use when observing these children in the pediatric area, taking into account contraindications.

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Peden, David. "Does air pollution cause asthma exacerbations in children?" Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 90, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)63601-0.

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Chiba, Takashi, and Yoshitaka Fukunaga. "Air Leak Syndrome in Children with Bronchial Asthma." Journal of Nippon Medical School 68, no. 1 (2001): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1272/jnms.68.78.

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Thurston, G. D., M. Lippmann, M. B. Scott, and J. M. Fine. "Summertime haze air pollution and children with asthma." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 155, no. 2 (February 1997): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032209.

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Thurston, George D., and Mary B. Rice. "Air Pollution Exposure and Asthma Incidence in Children." JAMA 321, no. 19 (May 21, 2019): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.5343.

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Graham, Tolle, Jean Zotter, and Marlene Camacho. "Who's Sick at School: Linking Poor School Conditions and Health Disparities for Boston's Children." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 19, no. 3 (September 24, 2009): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns.19.3.e.

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A recent review of student asthma rates and environmental audits of school buildings suggests that schools with poor indoor air quality have higher-than-average rates of asthma. Many Boston Public School (BPS) children and staff are learning and working in poor indoor environmental conditions that not only can exacerbate asthma, but also lead to other problems ranging from allergies and sinus infections to adverse academic performance [1]. The Boston Urban Asthma Coalition (BUAC) conducted a preliminary analysis of 2004–05 childhood asthma rates for BPS students and compared them to the 2004–05 environmental audits of the top 10 schools with environmental problems. This analysis suggests that schools with the highest rates of leaks, mold, and pest infestations also have higher-than-average asthma rates for children.

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Baek, Juha, Bita A. Kash, Xiaohui Xu, Mark Benden, Jon Roberts, and Genny Carrillo. "Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Hospital Length of Stay among Children with Asthma in South Texas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 3812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113812.

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Although hospital length of stay (LOS) has been identified as a proxy measure of healthcare expenditures in the United States, there are limited studies investigating the potentially important association between outdoor air pollution and LOS for pediatric asthma. This study aims to examine the effect of ambient air pollution on LOS among children with asthma in South Texas. It included retrospective data on 711 children aged 5–18 years old admitted for asthma to a pediatric tertiary care hospital in South Texas between 2010 and 2014. Air pollution data including particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone were collected from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between each air pollutant and LOS, controlling for confounders. The regression models showed the increased ozone level was significantly associated with prolonged LOS in the single- and two-pollutant models (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the age-stratified models, PM2.5 was positively associated with LOS among children aged 5–11 years old (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study revealed a concerning association between ambient air pollution and LOS for pediatric asthma in South Texas.

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Lévesque, Benoît, Marc Rhainds, Pierre Ernst, Anne-Marie Grenier, Tom Kosatsky, Nathalie Audet, and Pierre Lajoie. "Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in Quebec Children." Canadian Respiratory Journal 11, no. 5 (2004): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/731463.

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BACKGROUND:The Health and Social Survey of Quebec Children and Youth, conducted on representative samples of children nine, 13 and 16 years of age, provided data on the prevalence and determinants of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Quebec.OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis among children in the province of Quebec and to identify the determinants of these pathologies.METHODS:Three groups of more than 1100 children aged nine, 13 and 16 years were recruited. Respiratory symptoms were documented using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Questions enquiring about family income, smoking, degree of urbanization of the child's school's location and various variables related to indoor air were also included. The comparisons of proportions were done using theX2test.RESULTS:The prevalence rates for reported history of asthma varied from 14% to 15% depending on the age group. The prevalence of wheezing in the past year was 7% to 8%. Asthma was the primary cause of the limitation of activities due to a health problem in nine- and 13-year-old Quebecers, and the second most common cause in 16-year-old Quebecers. The prevalence of rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis and reported history of hay fever increased with age, reaching 28.0%, 15.9% and 21.1%, respectively, in the 16-year-old group. The prevalence of asthma and wheezing was associated with family history and allergies, and inversely related to family income.CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of childhood asthma is high in the province of Quebec. It is a major cause of the limitation of activities due to a health problem for young Quebecers. A family history of asthma and an atopic predisposition are important determinants in the development of asthma in Quebec.

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Alasauskas, Sarunas, Ruta Ustinaviciene, and Mindaugas Kavaliauskas. "Residential Links to Air Pollution and School Children with Asthma in Vilnius (Population Study)." Medicina 56, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56070346.

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Background and objectives: Many studies have been carried out on the negative health effects of exposure to PM10, PM 2.5, NO2, CO, SO2 and B[a]P for small populations. The main purpose of this study was to explore the association of air pollution to diagnosis of asthma for the whole huge population of school children between 7–17 years in Vilnius (Lithuania) using geographical information system analysis tools. Material and Methods: In the research, a child population of 51,235 individuals was involved. From this large database, we identified children who had asthma diagnosis J45 (ICD-10 AM). Residential pollution concentrations and proximity to roads and green spaces were obtained using the ArcGIS spatial analysis tool from simulated air pollution maps. Multiple stepwise logistic regression was used to explore the relation between air pollution concentration and proximity between the roads and green spaces where children with asthma were living. Further, we explored the interaction between variables. Results: From 51,235 school children aged 7–17 years, 3065 children had asthma in 2017. We investigated significant associations, such as the likelihood of getting sick with age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.949, p < 0.001), gender (OR = 1.357, p = 0.003), NO2 (OR = 1.013, p = 0.019), distance from the green spaces (OR = 1.327, p = 0.013) and interactions of age × gender (OR = 1.024, p = 0.051). The influence of gender on disease is partly explained by different age dependency slopes for boys and girls. Conclusions: According to our results, younger children are more likely to get sick, more cases appended on the lowest age group from 7 to 10 years (almost half cases (49.2%)) and asthma was respectively nearly twice more common in boys (64.1%) than in girls (35.9%). The risk of asthma is related to a higher concentration of NO2 and residence proximity to green spaces.

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Zheng, Ping, Bei Zhang, Kexing Zhang, Xifang Lv, Qiang Wang, and Xuetao Bai. "The Impact of Air Pollution on Intestinal Microbiome of Asthmatic Children: A Panel Study." BioMed Research International 2020 (November 5, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5753427.

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Air pollution could impact on the alteration of intestinal microbiome. Maturation of intestinal microbiome in early life played an important role in the development of allergic diseases, including asthma. Recent studies presented an increase in the evidence of association between the shift of gut microbiota and asthma. This article is aimed at exploring whether the alteration in the intestinal microbiome triggered by a short wave of air pollution could influence the colonization of bacteria that have been related to the immunological mechanisms of the asthma attack. The impact of air pollution on intestinal microbiome was assessed by longitudinal comparison. Fecal samples were collected twice for twenty-one children in clean and smog days, respectively, including eleven asthmatic children and ten healthy children. Intestinal bacteria were discriminated by using the method of 16S rRNA gene sequence. The results showed that the composition of intestinal microbiome changed between clean and smog days among all children (PERMANOVA, P = 0.03 ). During smog days, Bifidobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 decreased, and Streptococcaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidales S24-7 group, and Bacteroides increased in asthmatic children (Wilcoxon test, P < 0.05 ), while Fusicatenibacter decreased and Rikenellaceae and Terrisporobacter increased in healthy children (Wilcoxon test, P < 0.05 ). After controlling for food consumption, the relative abundance of some bacteria belonging to Firmicutes negatively associated with concentration of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 (multiple linear regression, P < 0.05 ). This study demonstrated that short wave of air pollution had an impact on the intestinal microbiome of asthmatic children. Intestinal bacteria, which have been related to immunological mechanisms of asthma attack, were also found to be associated with air pollution. This finding suggested that a short wave of air pollution may trigger asthma by impacting on intestinal bacteria.

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Hancock, David. "Can air pollution be fatal for children with asthma?" Journal of Health Visiting 8, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/johv.2020.8.2.70.

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A landmark court case could determine whether air pollution contributed to the death of a 9-year-old girl with severe asthma. How polluted is the air we breathe and what effect could it be having on children with respiratory problems? David Hancock finds out

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Bartram, Jack L., Miriam R. Fine-Goulden, Dido Green, Rahail Ahmad, and Baba PD Inusa. "Asthma in Pediatric Sickle Cell Acute Chest Syndrome: In An Inner City London Hospital." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2481.2481.

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Abstract Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS) is the second most common cause of hospitalisation in patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and up to 25% of those admitted will require intensive care management. ACS is a leading cause of death in SCD. It may also play a role in the development of chronic lung disease in SCD patients and the prevalence of Asthma in SCD patients is high. The pathogenesis of ACS is complex. Previous work has suggested a relationship between asthma and higher risk of ACS in children with SCD. Data in the UK is limited. Our aim therefore was to describe the presentation, course and outcome of ACS in our local SCD pediatric population, compared with those children who had ACS with SCD and physician diagnosed Asthma (Asthma). Methods: The data collection took place at The Evelina Children’s Hospital, which is part of St Thomas’ Hospital, a large teaching hospital in Central London, England. There are over 400 children with SCD registered, and around 30 new SCD births per year. A retrospective analysis of patient hospital electronic and paper records was performed of 63 ACS presentations over a three year period from 2003 to 2006. Inclusion in the study required a new infiltrate on chest radiograph plus acute respiratory symptoms in a patient with SCD under the age of 16 years. The group included 16 (25%) presentations in children with SCD and Asthma. Results: No Known Asthma 47 Presentations; Mean age 6.2 yrs (range 1–15yrs); HbSS 87%, HbSC13%; Previous ACS 26% (n=12); Mean length of stay 5.4 days (range 1–27); Mortality 0; Mean C-Reactive protein (CRP) on admission 70 (normal <5); Mean oxygen saturations on presentation 92% in air (40% of patients presented with saturations <92% in air) Physician Diagnosed Asthma 16 Presentations; Mean age 4.6 (range 1–15yrs); HbSS 94%, HbSC 6%; Previous ACS 63% (n=10); Mean length of stay 5.4 (range 2–14); Mortality 0; Mean CRP on admission 41; Mean oxygen saturations on presentation 92% in air (50% of patients presented with saturations <92% in air) DISCUSSION: Demographics: Comparable in terms of age and haemoglobin genotype. Presentation: Patients with asthma were more likely to have had previous ACS. Children with asthma presented with a lower CRP. Treatment: The treatment in both groups including the use of blood transfusion, and need for transfer to intensive care were comparable. However there was an observed difference in the use of inhaled bronchodilators (non asthma 21% v asthma 50%). Steroids were rarely used (4%) to treat the patients who did not have a pre-existing diagnosis of asthma, however were used to treat most (94%) of those patients with asthma. Outcome: Length of stay was comparable, no deaths in either group. CONCLUSION: Although patients in our study group with asthma had a higher frequency of previous ACS episodes, we did not demonstrate that patients with asthma suffer a more severe course of illness.

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Vassilopoulou, Emilia, George N. Konstantinou, Anastasia Dimitriou, Yannis Manios, Lemonica Koumbi, and Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos. "The Impact of Food Histamine Intake on Asthma Activity: A Pilot Study." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 3402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113402.

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Asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory disorder. Diet’s impact on asthma symptoms is controversial. The objective of this pilot crossover, randomized, two-period study was to examine the effect of dietary histamine intake on asthma symptoms in twenty-one children with mild intermittent asthma. Children were randomly assigned to either a high- or low-histamine diet, based on the Mediterranean pattern, for 4 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, patients crossed to the alternative diet for 4 additional weeks. Asthma symptoms were assessed at baseline and after the completion of each diet period by a clinician. Daily symptoms and peak flow were recorded throughout the intervention. Adherence to the dietary intervention was assessed via analysis of four random 24-h recalls, for each intervention period. Eighteen children completed the study. Significantly higher mean air flow obstruction was recorded and a trend for prolonged and more severe symptoms was observed during the high-histamine period. Diet may have an active and direct impact on asthma symptoms. Food choice is affected and/or may affect symptoms in children with mild asthma. Diet intervention is promising yet challenging, for asthma control.

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Simons, Elinor, Sharon D. Dell, Rahim Moineddin, and Teresa To. "Neighborhood Material Deprivation Is Associated with Childhood Asthma Development: Analysis of Prospective Administrative Data." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2019 (May 19, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6808206.

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Rationale. Material deprivation has been proposed as a more comprehensive measure of socioeconomic status than parental income. Stronger associations between childhood emergency department visits for asthma and air pollution have been demonstrated among children living in neighborhoods with high levels of deprivation, but the associations with asthma development and ongoing asthma are not known. Objectives. We determined the associations between neighborhood material deprivation and the development of new and ongoing childhood asthma. Methods. Prospectively collected administrative data housed at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences were examined for Toronto children born from 1997 to 2003. Neighborhood material deprivation, comprising no high school graduation, lone parent families, government transfers, unemployment, low income, and homes needing major repairs, was reported in the Ontario Marginalization Index. Incident asthma was defined by the time of entry into the Ontario Asthma Surveillance Information System (OASIS) database. We measured the risk of incident asthma using Cox proportional hazards models and the associations between ongoing asthma visits and deprivation by year of life with generalized linear mixed models. Results. OASIS asthma criteria were met for 21% of the 326,383 children. After adjustment for characteristics strongly associated with asthma, including male sex, prematurity, obesity, and atopic conditions other than asthma, children with high birth neighborhood deprivation were at increased risk of incident asthma (HR 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09–1.13). High deprivation in a given year of life was associated with increased odds of ongoing asthma during that year of life (OR 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02–1.05). Conclusions. Children living in high-deprivation neighborhoods are at increased risk of incident and ongoing asthma. This study suggests that neighborhood material deprivation may represent a helpful tool for evaluating the effects of disparities in health and social advantages on the likelihood of developing and continuing to need healthcare visits for ongoing childhood asthma.

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Jagadeeswari J and Rangila R. "Effect of Bronchial Asthma Education Program on Asthma Control among Asthma Patients." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 26, 2020): 5485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3181.

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Asthma attacks all age gatherings however it regularly begins in childhood age itself. It is a sickness depicted by irregular attacks of shortness of breath and wheezing, which move in earnestness and repeat from individual to person. In an attacks, the coating of the entries swell making the aviation routes limited and decreasing the progression of air all through the lungs. In an individual, this may happen from hour to hour and everyday too. The incidence is 5% in adult population and 10% in children. Incidence of asthma has considerably increased over last few decades so the present study aims to assess the effectiveness of Bronchial Asthma Education Program on Asthma control among Asthma Patients. A quantitative approach with Pre-Experimental research design was adopted to conduct the study among 30 Bronchial Asthma patients who were selected by Non- probability convenience sampling technique. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect the demographic data and level of knowledge regarding asthma among asthma patients was assessed by structured questionnaire. The Bronchial Asthma education was given with flash card which includes the details which controls Asthma. The results of the study shows that among 30 samples in the experimental group the pretest results reveal, 25(83.34%) had inadequate knowledge, 4(13.33%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 1(3.33%) had good knowledge.Where as in the post test, 20(66.67%) had adequate knowledge and 10(33.33%) had moderately adequate knowledge regarding Bronchial Asthma among asthma patients. This reveals the level of knowledge regarding asthma is highly significant in the experimental group because the level of knowledge is improved after health education.

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Lanphear, B., R. Hornung, J. Khoury, M. Lierl, A. Kalkbrenner, and K. Yolton. "Efficacy of HEPA-CPZ Air Cleaners on Unscheduled Asthma Visits and Asthma Symptoms in ETS-Exposed Children with Asthma." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (November 2006): S238—S239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-00614.

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Wahyuni, Sri. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN ASMA BRONCIAL PADA ANAK DI RUANG SAKURA RUMAH SAKIT PTPN II BANGKATAN BINJAI TAHUN 2017." Jurnal Riset Hesti Medan Akper Kesdam I/BB Medan 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34008/jurhesti.v2i1.62.

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Broncial asthma is a chronic disease that is often found in children and adults in developing and developed countries. Since the last two decades, it has been reported that the total prevalence of bronchial asthma in the world is estimated to be 7.2% (6% in adults and 10% in children). The prevalence varies greatly by country and even differences are also found between regions within a country. The prevalence of bronchial asthma in various countries is difficult to compare, it is not clear whether the difference in numbers arises because of differences in diagnostic criteria or because there really are differences. This study is descriptive to determine the factors associated with bronchial asthma in children in the Sakura room of PTPN II Bangkat Binjai Hospital in 2017. Data collection in this study using questionnaires grouped based on allergies, cigarette smoke, sports, and air pollution from research results This shows that from 20 respondents (100%) it was known that 5 people (25%) were due to allergic factors, 5 people (25%) because of cigarette smoke, 4 people (20%) because of sports and 6 people (30%) due to air pollution . It is expected that the Rumah Akit will always increase counseling to patients about bronchial asthma in children.Keywords: broncial asthma factors

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Grimsley, L. F., J. Wildfire, M. Lichtveld, S. Kennedy, J. M. El-Dahr, P. C. Chulada, R. Cohn, et al. "Few Associations Found between Mold and Other Allergen Concentrations in the Home versus Skin Sensitivity from Children with Asthma after Hurricane Katrina in the Head-Off Environmental Asthma in Louisiana Study." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/427358.

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Mold and other allergen exposures exacerbate asthma symptoms in sensitized individuals. We evaluated allergen concentrations, skin test sensitivities, and asthma morbidity for 182 children, aged 4–12 years, with moderate to severe asthma, enrolled 18 months after Katrina, from the city of New Orleans and the surrounding parishes that were impacted by the storm, into the Head-off Environmental Asthma in Louisiana (HEAL) observational study. Dust (indoor) and air (indoor and outdoor) samples were collected at baseline of 6 and 12 months. Dust samples were evaluated for dust mite, cockroach, mouse, andAlternariaby immunoassay. Air samples were evaluated for airborne mold spore concentrations. Overall, 89% of the children tested positive to ≥1 indoor allergen, with allergen-specific sensitivities ranging from 18% to 67%. Allergen concentration was associated with skin sensitivity for 1 of 10 environmental triggers analyzed (cat). Asthma symptom days did not differ with skin test sensitivity, and surprisingly, increased symptoms were observed in children whose baseline indoor airborne mold concentrations were below median levels. This association was not observed in follow-up assessments. The lack of relationship among allergen levels (including mold), sensitivities, and asthma symptoms points to the complexity of attempting to assess these associations during rapidly changing social and environmental conditions.

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Saif, Nadia T., Julia M. Janecki, Adam Wanner, Andrew A. Colin, and Naresh Kumar. "Pediatric Asthma Attack and Home Paint Exposure." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084118.

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Although asthma mortality has been declining for the past several decades, asthma morbidity is on the rise, largely due to deteriorating indoor air quality and comorbidities, such as allergies. Consumer products and building materials including paints emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as propylene glycol (PG), which is shown to dehydrate respiratory tracts and can contributor to airway remodeling. We hypothesize that paint exposure increases the risk of asthma attacks among children because high levels of VOCs persist indoors for many weeks after painting. Children 1–15 years old visiting two of the University of Miami general pediatric clinics were screened for their history of asthma and paint exposure by interviewing their parents and/or guardians accompanying them to the clinic. They were also asked questions about asthma diagnosis, severity of asthma and allergies and their sociodemographics. The risk of asthma attack among asthmatic children was modeled with respect to paint exposure adjusting for potential confounders using multivariate logistic regressions. Of 163 children, 36 (22%) reported physician-diagnosed asthma and of these, 13 (33%) had an asthma attack during the last one year. Paint exposure was marginally significant in the univariate analysis (OR = 4.04; 95% CI = 0.90–18.87; p < 0.1). However, exposed asthmatic children were 10 times more likely to experience an asthma attack than unexposed asthmatic children (OR = 10.49; CI = 1.16–94.85, p < 0.05) when adjusted for other risk factors. Given paint is one of the sources of indoor VOCs, multiple strategies are warranted to manage the health effects of VOC exposure from paint, including the use of zero-VOC water-based paint, exposure avoidance and clinical interventions.

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Lawson, Joshua A., Donna C. Rennie, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, Donald W. Cockcroft, and Helen H. McDuffie. "Regional Variations in Risk Factors for Asthma in School Children." Canadian Respiratory Journal 12, no. 6 (2005): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/942637.

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BACKGROUND: The authors have previously reported an increased prevalence of asthma in Estevan, Saskatchewan (21.4%) compared with Swift Current, Saskatchewan (16.2%).OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between asthma and personal and indoor environmental risk factors in these communities.METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2000. A questionnaire was distributed to school children in grades 1 to 6 for completion by a parent. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between various risk factors and physician-diagnosed asthma.RESULTS: Asthma was associated with respiratory allergy (adjusted OR [adjOR]=8.85, 95% CI 6.79 to 11.54), early respiratory illness (adjOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.96 to 4.03) and family history of asthma (adjOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.36). Several environmental factors varied with asthma by town. In Estevan, asthma was associated with home mould or dampness (adjOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.69) and was inversely associated with air conditioning (adjOR=0.56, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.85). The risk of asthma was increased if the child had previous exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in both communities (Swift Current: OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.30; Estevan: OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.43), and there was an inverse association with current exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in Estevan (OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.00). When multivariate analyses were stratified by sex, the relationship between home mould or dampness and asthma was most prominent in girls in Estevan.CONCLUSIONS: Despite a similar regional location, different risk factors for asthma were identified in each community. Local environmental factors are important to consider when interpreting findings and planning asthma care.

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Querdibitty, Cassandra D., Bethany Williams, Marianna S. Wetherill, Susan B. Sisson, Janis Campbell, Mary Gowin, Lancer Stephens, and Alicia L. Salvatore. "Environmental Health-Related Policies and Practices of Oklahoma Licensed Early Care and Education Programs: Implications for Childhood Asthma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 8491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168491.

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Little is known about the environmental health-related policies and practices of early care and education (ECE) programs that contribute to childhood asthma, particularly in Oklahoma where child asthma rates (9.8%) and rates of uncontrolled asthma among children with asthma (60.0%) surpass national rates (8.1% and 50.3%, respectively). We conducted a cross-sectional survey with directors of Oklahoma-licensed ECE programs to assess policies and practices related to asthma control and to evaluate potential differences between Centers and Family Childcare Homes (FCCHs). Surveyed ECEs (n = 476) included Centers (56.7%), FCCHs (40.6%), and other program types (2.7%). Almost half (47.2%) of directors reported never receiving any asthma training. More Center directors were asthma-trained than FCCH directors (61.0% versus 42.0%, p < 0.0001). Most ECEs used asthma triggers, including bleach (88.5%) and air fresheners (73.6%). Centers were more likely to use bleach daily than were FCCHs (75.6% versus 66.8%, p = 0.04). FCCHs used air fresheners more than did Centers (79.0% versus 61.0%, p < 0.0001). The majority of ECEs (74.8%) used pesticides indoors. Centers applied indoor pesticides more frequently (i.e., monthly or more often) than did FCCHs (86.0% versus 58.0%, p < 0.0001). Policy, educational, and technical assistance interventions are needed to reduce asthma triggers and improve asthma control in Oklahoma ECEs.

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Sukhani, Vijay Kumar, and Nasima Banu. "Prevalence of bronchial asthma and its associated factors among children of known population: an epidemiological study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 6 (October 22, 2018): 2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20183864.

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Background: Asthma is widely known as a multifactorial respiratory disorder with both genetic and environmental underlying risk factors. Exposures to common allergens and air pollution from various sources have all been implicated as triggers of the disease. Chronic respiratory diseases are leading cause of death worldwide. The objective of this study was to study the prevalence of bronchial asthma and its associated factors among children of known population.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study consisting of 400 children. Data was obtained from two government schools and two private schools. Both males and females aged below 10 years were selected for the study. A pretested and validated questionnaire was designed.Results: The prevalence of asthma in current asthmatics in present study was found to be 20%. The prevalence rate was higher among those with family history of asthma. 82.5% current asthmatics were suffering from rhinitis.Conclusions: Asthma is a common problem faced in today world especially in children the symptoms and risk factors should not be ignored. Those with family history of asthma should take precautions.

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Côté, Andréanne, Julie Turmel, and Louis-Philippe Boulet. "Exercise and Asthma." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 39, no. 01 (February 2018): 019–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606215.

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AbstractTransient airway narrowing can occur during or following exercise, a phenomenon called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). The main mechanism of EIB is considered to be airway dehydration, resulting from increased ventilation during exercise. In asthma, such water loss causes an increase in airway fluid osmolarity, inducing airway smooth muscle contraction following the release of mediators from airway inflammatory cells. Asthmatics frequently experience EIB, but it may also be observed in others not reporting asthma symptoms, particularly elite endurance athletes. Individuals with asthma often refrain from performing physical exercise because they fear troublesome respiratory symptoms. However, in addition to its well-known cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, physical training has been shown to be beneficial for asthmatic adults and children in improving asthma control and asthma-related quality of life. Exercise training also reduces the risk of asthma exacerbations, improves exercise capacity, and decreases frequency and severity of EIB. To minimize the risk of EIB, asthma must be well controlled, and specific pharmacological and nonpharmacological preventative measures can be taken. Counterintuitively, in high-level athletes, the development of asthma, airway hyperresponsiveness, and EIB can be promoted by intense training over many years following exposure to environmental conditions, such as cold air, pollutants, and allergens. As for nonathletes, athletes must have optimal asthma control and apply preventative measures against EIB, taking into account antidoping regulations for asthma medications. A better understanding of the impact of exercise on asthma should improve the overall care of asthmatic patients.

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Li, Qinyuan, Qian Yi, Lin Tang, Siying Luo, Yuan Tang, Guangli Zhang, and Zhengxiu Luo. "Influence of Ultrafine Particles Exposure on Asthma Exacerbation in Children: A Meta-Analysis." Current Drug Targets 20, no. 4 (January 25, 2019): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450119666180829114252.

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Background: Air pollution is a major cause of asthma exacerbation. Most studies have shown that exposure to coarse and fine particulate matter is associated with asthma exacerbation. Ultrafine particles (UFPs, aerodynamic diameter ≤ 0.1 µm) are the smallest airborne particles, which are capable of penetrating deep into the lungs. Toxicological studies have suggested that exposure to UFPs may have serious effects on respiratory health. However, epidemiological evidence on the effects of UFPs exposure on asthma exacerbation in children remains unclear. Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the effects of exposure to UFPs on childhood asthma exacerbation. Methods: We searched four databases for epidemiological studies published until March 20, 2018. Pooled Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) per 10000 particles/cm3 were estimated using fixed-effect models. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and Begg’s and Egger’s regression were also performed. Results: Eight moderate–high quality studies with 51542 events in total satisfied the inclusion criteria. Exposure to UFPs showed a positive association with childhood asthma exacerbation [OR (95% CI): 1.070 (1.037, 1.104)], increased asthma-associated emergency department visits [OR (95% CI): 1.111 (1.055, 1.170)], and asthma-associated hospital admissions [OR (95% CI): 1.045 (1.004, 1.088)] and had a stronger association with childhood asthma exacerbation at long lags [OR (95% CI):1.060 (1.039, 1.082)]. A low heterogeneity and no publication bias were detected. Conclusion: Exposure to UFPs may increase the risk of asthma exacerbation and may be strongly associated with childhood asthma exacerbation at long lags.

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Lee, Ga Hee, Jeong Hee Kim, Sungroul Kim, Sangwoon Lee, and Dae Hyun Lim. "Effects of Indoor Air Purifiers on Children with Asthma." Yonsei Medical Journal 61, no. 4 (2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2020.61.4.310.

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Lee, Jong-Tae, Ho Kim, Hoyin Song, Yun-Chul Hong, Yong-Sung Cho, Suk-Youn Shin, Youn-Joo Hyun, and Yoon-Shin Kim. "Air Pollution and Asthma Among Children in Seoul, Korea." Epidemiology 13, no. 4 (July 2002): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200207000-00018.

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McNabb, W. L., S. R. Wilson-Pessano, G. W. Hughes, and P. Scamagas. "Self-management education of children with asthma: AIR WISE." American Journal of Public Health 75, no. 10 (October 1985): 1219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.75.10.1219.

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Wong, Gary W. K., and Ting F. Leung. "The Effects of Air Pollution on Asthma in Children." Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 12, no. 1 (January 2005): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cpm.0000151454.46444.49.

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Gehring, Ulrike, Alet H. Wijga, Gerard H. Koppelman, Judith M. Vonk, Henriette A. Smit, and Bert Brunekreef. "Air pollution and the development of asthma from birth until young adulthood." European Respiratory Journal 56, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 2000147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00147-2020.

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BackgroundAir pollution is associated with asthma development in children and adults, but the impact on asthma development during the transition from adolescence to adulthood is unclear. Adult studies lack historical exposures and consequently cannot assess the relevance of exposure during different periods of life. We assessed the relevance of early-life and more recent air pollution exposure for asthma development from birth until early adulthood.MethodsWe used data of 3687 participants of the prospective Dutch PIAMA (Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy) birth cohort and linked asthma incidence until age 20 years to estimated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10), and 2.5–10 μm, and PM2.5 absorbance (“soot”) at the residential address. We assessed overall and age-specific associations with air pollution exposure with discrete time-hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOverall, we found higher incidence of asthma until the age of 20 years with higher exposure to all pollutants at the birth address (adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) ranging from 1.09 (1.01–1.18) for PM10 to 1.20 (1.10–1.32) for NO2) per interquartile range increase) that were rather persistent with age. Similar associations were observed with more recent exposure defined as exposure at the current home address. In two-pollutant models with particulate matter, associations with NO2 persisted.ConclusionsExposure to air pollution, especially from motorised traffic, early in life may have long-term consequences for asthma development, as it is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma through childhood and adolescence into early adulthood.

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Sears, Malcolm R. "Epidemiological Trends in Asthma." Canadian Respiratory Journal 3, no. 4 (1996): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/410215.

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Many markers of asthma morbidity have shown substantial increases over the past two decades, including family physician visits, use of anti-asthma medications, emergency room visits and hospital admissions. The reported prevalence of diagnosed asthma and of wheezing has increased, especially in children, with accompanying evidence of increased atopy and increased airway responsiveness. Allergen exposure and parental smoking are significant risk factors for childhood wheezing, whereas the influence of outdoor air pollution is uncertain. Increasing use of beta-agonist treatment, which appears to increase the severity of asthma by increasing early and late responses to allergen, may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality, especially if potent beta-agonists are used. Risk factors for asthma mortality include age, smoking, allergy and airway lability, as well as over-reliance on beta-agonists and poor compliance with other aspects of treatment. Following withdrawal of the potent beta-agonist fenoterol in New Zealand, both hospital admissions and mortality from asthma fell abruptly. Continued patient and physician education, with emphasis on avoidance of risk factors and use of appropriate treatment, should reduce morbidity and mortality from asthma in Canada.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Asthma Asthma in children Air'

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