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Academic literature on the topic 'Asthme équin'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Asthme équin"
Doubli-Bounoua, Nadia. "Epidémiologie moléculaire des virus dans les voies respiratoires et association avec les signes cliniques d’asthme équin modéré." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2056.
Full textEquine influenza virus (EIV), α-herpesvirus (EHV-1 & EHV-4), Equine rhinitis virus A and B (ERAV & ERBV), Equine adenovirus 1 and 2 (EAdV1 & EAdV2) Herpesvirus (EHV-2 & EHV-5) and Equine coronavirus (ECoV)) are not currently being investigated by qPCR for mild equine asthma (MEA) in training horses. The objectives of this project are to: 1) determine the prevalence and incidence of viral genome detection and / or quantification in the respiratory tract of racehorses during training; 2) to study the concordance between two compartments of the respiratory tract; 3) specify the relationship between detection and / or viral quantification and a) the clinical signs of MEA and b) performance. A longitudinal prospective study was conducted from November 2012 to January 2015, both nasopharyngeal swabs (NS) and tracheal washes (TW) were collected monthly on 52 Strandardbred racehorses at training. The ten viruses of interest were systematically investigated by qPCR in NS and TW. Clinical signs of MEA (nasal discharge, cough) and tracheal mucus score were noted during each examination. The viral genomes most frequently detected in NS and TW are EHV-5, EHV-2 and ERBV. No significant association was found between viral detection / quantification in NS and clinical signs. Detection of EHV-2 in TW was significantly associated with cough (OR 3. 1, P = 0. 01) and excess tracheal mucus (OR 2. 1, P = 0. 02). Detection (OR 5. 3; P <0. 001) and quantification of ERBV (OR 15. 0; P <0. 001) in LT were significantly associated with cough
Orard, Marie. "Influence du foin "à la vapeur" sur la réponse immune de chevaux asthmatiques : du challenge d'exposition (in vivo) à la stimulation (in vitro) des macrophages alvéolaires." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC271/document.
Full textEquine asthma is a recurrent obstructive disease of respiratory tract. Several aetiologic factors are known to induceor maintain the severe equine asthma (sEA), however the hay exposure is the main risk factor. The use of treatmentswith corticoids are effective in case of crisis, but ineffective in the absence of sanitary measures. So, since severalyears a device allowing to purify the hay with steam was developed, in order to decrease the dust content and themicrobiological antigens within the hay. The pathophysiology of sEA is complex. Among the main actors of thisimmune response, the alveolar macrophages have an important role in the intiatiation and orientation of the immuneresponse. So, investigating the role of the equine alveolar macrophages of sEA horses would allow to betterunderstand the initiation of the immune response in the sEA. In this context, we focused on the influence of steamedhay on the immune response of sEA horses during an in vivo challenge and an in vitro stimulation of the alveolarmacrophages. First, we studied the systematic and local responses of horses submitted to an in vivo challengeexposure to dry and steamed hay. The first part of this work allowed us to show a beneficial effect of the steamedhay on the mucus tracheal score of sEA horses, however we did not observe any beneficial effect of the steamed hayon the cytological and immune response. The second part of the study allowed us to investigate the response of thealveolar macrophages to steamed hay. The real time microscopy showed differences in the behavior of macrophagesin response (1) to various stimuli, (2) between sEA and CTL horses (3) between HDS resulting from dry hay or fromsteamed hay. Moreover, the protein quantification of IL-1β was signifantly higher and the concentration of IL-10significantly lower in AM supernatant of sEA horses compared to CTL. The TNF-α concentration was higher on AMafter in vitro stimulation in sEA and CTL horses. These results on the alveolar macrophages reponse after both invivo challenge and in vitro stimulation, can be used as a basis for future studies in order to further characterize therole of AM in case of sEA. This triple approach on the horse, the lung and the cell scale allows a global vision of theresponse to an exposure challenge to dry or steamed hay and allows having an optimistic preliminary look on the useof the steamed hay for sEA horses
Fillion-Bertrand, Gabrielle. "Le microbiome bactérien pulmonaire dans l'asthme équin." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19163.
Full textBacterial microbiome is defined as the whole bacterial population found within a space. The role of the pulmonary microbiome in asthma is poorly defined, but it is now well established that the one of asthmatic patients differs from that of healthy individuals. However, the influence of environmental conditions and medication on pulmonary microbiome is poorly known and effects difficult to control in humans. Moreover, microbiome stability over time remains controversial. The hypothesis of this study is that the pulmonary, nasal and oral microbiomes of unmedicated horses vary with the environment and that asthmatic status does affect the pulmonary microbiome. Six horses with severe equine asthma and 6 healthy horses were kept in 3 distinct environments (low, moderate and high antigen exposure). In each environment, pulmonary function has been evaluated and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs), nasal and oral washes were collected. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced (Illumina MiSeq 4) and analyzed using the Mothur software and the Vegan package in R. Pulmonary, oral and nasal bacterial communities are strongly grouped by environmental conditions and the effect of the environment is more pronounced in healthy horses. The pulmonary microbiome of asthmatic horses differs from that of healthy horses at the family level of taxonomic designation, with a tendency towards an overrepresentation of Pasteurellaceae, unlike nasal and oral microbiomes which are not different between the two groups. The bacterial families Neisseriaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidaceae with pathogenic potential were only found in the BALs of asthmatic horses. This study shows that the lung bacterial microbiomes of healthy and asthmatic horses receiving no medication are different and vary accordingly to the antigenic exposure level. This difference is present mainly when asthmatic horses have a strong pulmonary inflammation which suggest that the altered pulmonary microbiome is not inherent but coincident with pulmonary inflammation. Its role in the perpetuation of inflammation remains to be investigated.
Herteman, Nicolas. "Hétérogénéité des neutrophiles dans l’asthme équin." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18648.
Full textLow-density granulocytes (LDGs) are a subset of neutrophils first described in the bloodstream upon pathological conditions. However, several studies also reported the presence of these cells in the blood of healthy patients. Whether LDGs characteristics, especially their enhanced pro-inflammatory profile, are specific to this subset of neutrophils and not related to disease states is unknown. Thus, we sought to compare the properties of LDGs to those of autologous normal-density neutrophils (NDNs), in both health and disease. We studied 8 horses with severe equine asthma and 11 healthy animals. Neutrophil morphology was studied using optical microscopy, and content in myeloperoxidase and N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine receptors (fMLP-R) evaluated using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Confocal microscopy was used to determine their functional capacity to spontaneously release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) stimulating with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). LDGs were smaller and contained more fMLP-R than NDNs, but myeloperoxidase content was similar in both populations of neutrophils. They also had an increased capacity to produce NETs, and were more sensitive to activation stimuli. These characteristics were similar in both healthy and diseased horses, suggesting that these are intrinsic properties of LDGs. Furthermore, these results suggest that LDGs represent a population of primed and predominantly mature cells. Our study is the first to characterize LDGs in health, and to compare their characteristics with those of animals with a naturally occurring disease.
Muñoz, Diaz Trohadio Tomás. "Étude des effets secondaires associés à un traitement prolongé de fluticasone inhalée chez les chevaux atteints de souffle (asthme équin)." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3499.
Full textRecurrent Airways Obstruction (RAO) is a small airways inflammatory disease, very common in horses stabled in mouldy-dusty hay and straw environments. The clinical signs are prevented by environmental control, relieved by systemic and inhaled corticosteroids. Our objectives were to determine whether inhaled corticosteroids cause a suppression of cortisol levels and gastric ulceration in RAO horses treated with fluticasone 2000μg (Flovant HFA®) BID for 6 months and 2000μg SID for another 6 months. Five (5) healthy horses were used as controls and eleven (11) RAO affected horses were stabled in a moldy-dusty environment to induce disease exacerbation. Once they were symptomatic, they were divided into two groups, the treated group was kept on hay/straw and the untreated group was fed with pellets food and bedded on wood shavings six months. Afterwards, all horses were pasture for the next 6 months. Serum cortisol was mesured by Immuno-essai enzymatique par chimiluminescence (CEIA, Immunolite 1000®, Siemmens) 12, 10 days before and 7, 28, 80, 160, 200, 250, 290, 320 days after treatment initiation, in order to determine cortisol suppression. Fluticasone administered twice a day reduces blood cortisol levels after 28, 80 and 160 days, but did not cause any change in gastric ulcers. However, pellets slightly increased gastric ulcer scores in healthy horses.
Bessonnat, Amandine. "Évaluation du remodelage des voies respiratoires centrales de chevaux asthmatiques légers/modérés." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22605.
Full textBen, Hamouda Selma. "Mise au point d’un protocole de recellularisation d’une matrice bronchique équine décellularisée." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21864.
Full textGodbout, Mireille. "Influence de l’interleukine-4 sur le recrutement des neutrophiles équins dans un modèle inflammatoire sous-cutané." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13382.
Full textMany allergic conditions, including asthma and equine heaves, are characterized by a neutrophilic inflammation. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine that plays a key role in allergic responses that may contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells in these diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the neutrophilic response following a subcutaneous administration of IL-4 in healthy horses. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the effects 1) of different cytokine concentrations (10 ng, 250 ng and 500 ng) and 2) incubation times (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 48 h and 7 days) on neutrophil recruitment in 18 healthy horses. A semi-quantitative histological score was developed to assess tissue neutrophilia for all three studies. Flow cytometry analysis was also performed in study 3 in order to validate the histological scoring method. Our results demonstrate that 1) IL-4 fails to induce significant neutrophilic migration and 2) flow cytometry has proved to be a more reliable method in estimating neutrophil migration when compared to histological scoring, which lacked sensitivity. We also observed that 3) matrigel causes an inflammatory reaction in horses, possibly of immunogenic nature. These are the first studies incorporating matrigel and IL-4 in an in vivo protocol involving horses. Our data suggests that IL-4 alone does not induce neutrophil recruitment in the skin of healthy horses.