Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Asthme – Modèles animaux'
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Gilet, Jules. "Rôle des chimiokines dans le développement des réactions allergiques : apport des modèles murins." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S052.
Full textSpahr, Annie. "Caractérisation des macrophages alvéolaires chez un modèle animal d'asthme allergique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24369/24369.pdf.
Full textLauzon-Joset, Jean-François. "Caractérisation des cellules épithéliales bronchiques murines dans un modèle asthmatique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21887.
Full textPlé, Coline. "Rôle des cellules Natural Killer dans l'asthme allergique." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473006.
Full textTaillefer, Michel. "Rôle du récepteur 1 de la sphingosine-1-phosphate dans les dysfonctions épithéliales observées dans un modèle d'asthme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29705/29705.pdf.
Full textAsthma is in progression and 5 to 10 % of asthmatics are refractory to current interventions. In the lung, activation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) by specific agonists inhibits allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. However, cellular mechanisms and targeted cells are unknown. Since dysfunctions of bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) are central in asthma pathogenesis, activation of S1PR1 was evaluated in the reversal of BEC dysfunctions in a model of asthma and in human cells. Upregulation of S1PR1 in BEC of rats with experimental asthma and in human cells reversed epithelial cell dysfunctions. Indeed activation of S1PR1 by the specific agonist CYM-5442 decreases paracellular permeability and reduces the release of chemokine, under proinflammatory conditions. Therefore, S1PR1 seems to be involved in maintaining pulmonary homeostasis. This metabolic pathway could be of interest for controlling refractory asthma.
Chesné, Julie. "Rôle de l'IL-17A dans un modèle d'asthme allergique aux acariens." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b27c20f9-2191-4090-878b-b0b7491c0ba8.
Full textAsthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease defined by multiple inflammatory and clinical phenotypes. In this thesis, we highlighted the involvement of the T helper 17 (TH17) response in two major components of asthma: bronchial contraction and pulmonary inflammation. At first, we characterized our HDM-induced murine asthma model based on the functional and inflammatory criteria. The mode of allergic sensitization by skin and respiratory tract is important in the induction of a mixed inflammatory phenotype. The "asthmatic" mice exhibits an impaired lung function and a significant inflammatory infiltrate in neutrophils and eosinophils. This correlates with strong IL-13, IL-4, IL-17A-mediated TH2 and TH17 responses. Next, we investigated the individual role of IL-17A and IL-13 in our model. We find that IL-17A but not IL-13 is responsible for neutrophil infiltration and bronchial hyperreactivity. Although neutrophils have an important role in the contractile response, our results have shown a direct role of the IL-17A on the smooth muscle. This regulatory mechanism induced by IL-17 is dependent on the activity of a small G protein, called Rac1. Our results describe a major role of IL-17A in asthma with a mixed inflammation. Neutralization of this cytokine decreases the lung inflammation but also bronchial contraction. IL-17A is a potential therapeutic target in severe asthma
Duez, Catherine. "La souris SCID humanisée : modèle d'étude de la réaction asthmatique allergique." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10218.
Full textCastan, Laure. "De l'allergie alimentaire à l'asthme : rôle de CCR9." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1018/document.
Full textAllergic diseases are now considered as the fourth worldwide diseases in terms of morbidity, according to the World Health Organization. Allergic diseases and their natural evolution (atopic march) are a major health issue, particularly among developed countries. Indeed, the atopic march is characterized by an evolution from atopic dermatitis and/or food allergies in young children (6 months to 2 years) to respiratory allergies such as asthma and rhinitis later in life. This natural history could involve the chemotaxis, controlled by the chemokine/chemokine receptor system. Using a murine model of atopic march combining a food allergy model to gluten and a model of acute asthma to house dust mite, we analyzed the role of the chemokine receptor CCR9 in the evolution of the disease. Using knock-out mice for CCR9, we observed a decrease of the symptoms of the disease, suggesting a role for this receptor in the pathology. Moreover, we showed that CCR9 seems to act on the Treg/TH17 balance; indeed its deletion induces an increase of the T regulators cell level. Meanwhile, using a food allergy model to gluten based on cutaneous sensitizations, we analyzed the intestinal inflammation to different gluten products. This work was done in collaboration with a lab of the National Food Institute, in Denmark. Our results prove the great significance of the gutlung axis and more generally the importance of approaching the allergy as a whole disease and not as an organ-specific disease
Zhang, Zhikun. "Study of the role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in atopic diseases." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13114.
Full textDuguet, Alexandre. "Modèles animaux des déterminants de l'inflammation bronchique à éosinophiles et de la dynamique musculaire lisse dans l'hyperréactivité bronchique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066407.
Full textCarrard, Julie. "Impact d'une exposition aux nanoparticules de carbone couplées au benzo(a)pyrène sur la réponse inflammatoire dans des modèles expérimentaux d'asthme." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S004.
Full textAllergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. It is characterized by therecruitment of inflammatory cells including CD4+ type 2 helper T-lymphocytes (Th), interleukin(IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 producers, eosinophils as well as mast cells and basophils. The prevalenceof asthma has continued to increase in recent decades and genetic changes cannot be solelyresponsible Air pollution, especially particulate matter, is suspected to be part of this rising trend.Atmospheric particles can be classified according to their aerodynamic diameter, includingultrafine particles (< 100 nm). These particles are potentially more harmful because of their smallsize, which gives them the ability to settle deep in the bronchial tree. They are also able to adsorbmolecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. However, some of these hydrocarbons,such as benzo(a)pyrene, are known to be harmful to health and in particular to the respiratorysystem. We investigated the effects of exposure to benzo(a)pyrene-bound ultrafine particles onthe inflammatory response in two experimental models of allergen-induced asthma. For this, weused a simplified model of particles from an industrial process that we call « nanoparticles ».In our first model, chronic exposure to carbon nanoparticles coupled or not to benzo(a)pyrene,was performed in C57Bl/6 mice sensitized intranasally to the allergen Dermatophagoidespteronyssinus. Nanoparticles had no effect on cell recruitment in allergen-inducedbronchoalveolar lavage. Surprisingly, co-administration of nanoparticles with the allergendecreased bronchial hyperreactivity compared to allergen alone. In contrast, we observed aneffect on lung tissue when co-exposed to benzo(a)pyrene-coupled nanoparticles and allergen.Indeed, this co-exposure induced a strong increase in Th2 cytokine expression and cellrecruitment in lung tissue compared to sensitized mice. In addition, this co-exposure modify thetype of cells recruited by the allergen, with an increase in the number of neutrophils, NKT-likecells, CD8+ T cells, Ly6C+ and Ly6C- monocytes/macrophages. These results were not found inco-exposure to nanoparticles not coupled to benzo(a)pyrene.In our second model, exposure to carbon nanoparticles, coupled or not with benzo(a)pyrène, wasperformed in C57Bl/6 mice sensitized intranasally with a low dose of the allergenDermatophagoides farinae. Preliminary results showed an adjuvant effect of nanoparticles withthe allergen on immunoglobulin E production but also on the inflammatory infiltrate in thebroncho-alveolar lavage, mainly composed of eosinophils. The expression of Th2 cytokines isalso increased by the administration of allergen with nanoparticles uncoupled to benzo(a)pyreneand not with benzo(a)pyrene-coupled particles. But, co-exposure of allergen withbenzo(a)pyrene-coupled nanoparticles induces the expression of Il-33, an alarmin produced bythe epithelium, which is also pro-Th2. In conclusion, our results suggest that nanoparticles have an impact on inflammation in allergensensitizedmice in our two experimental models. However, the dose, the amount of allergen andthe nature of the inhaled nanoparticles appear to influence the induced response in vivo
Amniai, Latiffa. "Régulation de la réaction allergique pulmonaire : inhibition par un BCG recombinant dans un modèle murin et déficit de la réponse des cellules Natural Killer de patients allergiques à la chimiokine CCL18." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S041.
Full textMounkaila, Boutchi. "Caractérisation de l'effet de la stimulation purinergique des voies aériennes humaines et de rat." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21337.
Full textATP is a modulator of airway smooth muscle responsiveness, which may be coliberated with ACh. It may play a role in asthma disease. The aim of our study was (i) to characterize the effects of ATP alone and in association with muscarinic stimulation on human and rat airways ; (ii) to develop a rat model of asthma allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. ATP induced on human and rat airway a direct, concentration-dependent and transitory contractile response that depends on the location along the airway tree. This response mainly depends on P2X activation and extracellular Ca2+ influx, sometimes associated with P2Y activation and intracellular Ca2+ release. The transcience of the response is not due to ATP degradation, but, at least partially, to PKA activation and purinoceptor desensitization. On cholinergic precontraction, the effects of ATP vary alongside the airway tree, and are characterized by 2 sequences, a fast one and a slow one. The fast effects consist in a transient additional contraction, and are due to the addition of the mechanisms of purinergic and muscarinic stimulation. Long term effect of ATP consists in a time-dependent relaxation that is likely to be due to the modulation of the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. Active sensitization of brown Norway rats by SC injection and intratracheal instillation of D pter induces a contractile response specific to the allergen and bronchial hyperreactivity, in vivo and in vitro, as well as an increase of the number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage liquid, indicating that it is a good model of asthmatic disease
Gomes, Bruno. "Les canaux calciques Cav1 spécifiquement exprimés par les lymphocytes Th2 : une cible dans le traitement de l'asthme allergique." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30225.
Full textThe prevalence of asthma has risen drastically in the last two decades, with a worldwide impact on health care systems. T-helper (Th) lymphocytes orchestrate the immune response and are divided into two subsets, Th1 cells that produce IFN-g and Th2 cells which synthetize IL-4. Th2 lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. We show that Th2 lymphocytes, unlike Th1 cells, express a unique profile of Cav1 calcium channels that control calcium influx and Th2 cytokine production upon TCR stimulation. Our results underline the therapeutic potential of Cav1 channel antagonists or specific inhibition of Cav1 expression by antisense oligonucleotides in Th2-dependent immunopathological disorders in mice and rats. Capitalizing on these unique attributes is important for drug development in allergic asthma
Abu-Helo, Alaa. "Implication de GASP-1 dans la modulation de l’activité des agonistes du récepteur bêta-2 adrénergique dans la fonction respiratoire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ024/document.
Full textGASP1 have been shown to modulate the postendocytic sorting of different GPCRs.In order to better understand the role of GASP1 in regulating the activity and intracellular traffic king of GPCRs, we have focused our project on the functional consequences of the interaction between GASP1 and beta2-adrenergic receptor (B2AR). B2AR agonists are potent bronchodilators used in the treatment of asthma. With Dr. N. Frossard, we have shown that achronic treatment with a B2AR agonist induces the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in wild-type but not in KO GASP1 mice. Furthermore, we have shown that this phenotype is not related to a difference of B2AR receptor degradation between wild type and KO animals but correlates with an increase in collagen levels in the lungs of wild type mice that is not observed in GASP1KO animals. Altogether, our data suggest thatGASP1 is critically involved in these adaptations, which could be related to a GASP1-dependent modification of lung tissues
Bianchi, Andrea. "Magnetic resonance imaging techniques for pre-clinical lung imaging." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0060/document.
Full textIn this work, ultra-short echo time (UTE) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences are investigated as flexible tools for the noninvasive study of experimental models of lung diseases in mice. In small animals radial UTE sequences can indeed efficiently limit the negative impact on lung image quality due to the fast spin dephasing caused by the multiple air/tissue interfaces. In addition, radial UTE sequences are less sensitive to motion artifacts compared to standard Cartesian acquisitions. As a result, radial UTE acquisitions can provide lung images in small animals at sub-millimetric resolution with significant signal to noise ratio in the lung parenchyma, while working with physiological conditions (freely-breathing animals). In this thesis, UTE proton MRI sequences were shown to be efficient instruments to quantitatively investigate a number of hallmarks in longitudinal models of relevant lung diseases with minimal interference with the lung pathophysiology, employing easilyimplementable fast protocols. The synergic use of positive contrast agents, along with anadvantageous administration modality, was shown to be a valuable help in the increase of sensitivity of UTE MRI. At the same time, UTE MRI was shown to be an extremely useful and efficacious sequence for studying positive contrast agents in lungs
Delafoy, Laure. "Les Neurotrophines et l'hypersensibilité viscérale : leur implication dans un modèle de syndrome du côlon irritable chez le rat et dans un modèle d'asthme chez la souris." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF1MM17.
Full textTiotiu, Angelica. "La modulation du réflexe de toux par l’exercice chez le lapin sensibilisé à l’ovalbumine." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0299/document.
Full textIntroduction: Cough is a major symptom of asthma frequently experienced during exercise but little is known about interactions between cough and exercise. The goal of our study was to clarify the potential modulation of the cough reflex (CR) by exercise in a spontaneously breathing anaesthetized animal model of airway eosinophilic inflammation. Materials & methods: Ten ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized rabbits and 8 controls were studied. The ventilatory response to direct (TS) performed both at rest and during exercise was determined to quantify the incidence and the sensitivity of the CR. Broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) and cell counts were performed to assess the level of the airway inflammation following OVA-induced sensitization. Exercise was mimicked by electrically induced hind limb muscular contractions (EMC). Results: Among 494 TS were performed, 261 at rest and 233 at exercise. The OVA sensitized rabbits have a higher level of eosinophil (p=0.008) in BAL. EMC increased minute ventilation by 36% in OVA rabbits vs 35% in control rabbits, compared to rest values. The sensitivity of the CR decreased during exercise compared to baseline in control rabbits (p=0.0313) while it remained unchanged in OVA rabbits. Conclusion: The down-regulation of the CR during exercise in control rabbits was abolished in OVA rabbits. The precise role of airway inflammation in this lack of CR downregulation needs to be further investigated but it might contribute to the exercise-induced cough in asthmatics
Bullone, Michela. "Reversibility of airway remodeling in equine asthma : contribution of anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator therapies." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18381.
Full textAirway remodeling and inflammation are the hallmarks of asthma. Both airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition are increased in the central and peripheral airways of asthmatic patients, which contribute to airway obstruction. Few studies have investigated the ability of current asthma medications to reverse airway remodeling, especially the increased ASM mass. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β2-agonist combinations (ICS/LABA) are more effective than ICS monotherapy to control asthma exacerbations. However, their efficacy at modifying bronchial inflammation and remodeling at the peripheral level of the lung is not well-described. In fact, most work has been performed using endobronchial biopsy samples obtained from asthmatic subjects, which completely disregard the alterations occurring in peripheral airways. Ethical considerations limit the possibility of biopsying the peripheral airways in humans due to the invasiveness of the procedure. Equine asthma, or heaves, is a naturally-occurring disease of adult horses and a recognized animal model of human asthma characterized by neutrophilic inflammation as well as ASM and ECM remodeling of peripheral airways. This thesis has assessed the contribution of ICS and LABA, alone or combined, to the reversal of remodeling and inflammation in central and peripheral airways using the equine asthma model. To attain this goal, we have first optimized and validated the application of endobronchial biopsy and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) in the equine species. EBUS reliably estimates the bronchial ASM. Subsequently, asthmatic horses with ongoing airway remodeling and inflammation were treated with ICS, LABA, ICS/LABA, or antigen avoidance. Lung function, airway remodeling and inflammation were then assessed weekly for 3 months. Our results demonstrated a 30% decrease of peripheral ASM remodeling attained with ICS and ICS/LABA pharmacological treatment. A decrease of a similar magnitude of peripheral ASM was previously reported after 6 and 12 months of ICS monotherapy and antigen avoidance, respectively. A synergistic effect of ICS/LABA was observed on ECM deposition and airway lumen neutrophils. ICS/LABA decreased the ECM fraction of the ASM layer both peripherally and centrally, while the same effect on the lamina propria was observed only in central airways. Both ICS/LABA and ICS monotherapy decreased submucosal inflammation in central airways, while only ICS/LABA and antigen avoidance decreased bronchoalveolar neutrophilia. In conclusion, our results suggest that the enhanced therapeutic effect of ICS/LABA over ICS monotherapy in asthmatic horses was associated with a reduction of ECM deposition, mainly observed within the large airways, and possibly also with a decreased airway neutrophilia. However, ICS/LABA did not provide additional benefit to ICS monotherapy in terms of peripheral ASM remodeling as both induce a 30% decrease of the ASM mass in 3 months.
Setlakwe, Emilie L. "Subepithelial collagen content in the peripheral airways of heaves-affected and control horses." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6886.
Full textExtracellular matrix remodelling is present in the human asthmatic lung, and is characterized by increased collagen or fibrosis of the subepithelial area of the airway. Heaves, a naturally occurring chronic lower airway inflammatory condition in horses shares aspects of pathophysiology with asthma, including features of airway remodelling. We thus hypothesize that airway fibrosis is a characteristic of remodelling in heaves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of fibrosis in the subepithelial area of the peripheral airways of heaves-affected horses. Peripheral lung biopsies acquired under thoracoscopic guidance were obtained from 5 control and 6 heaves-affected horses, both before (T0) and after a 30 day antigenic challenge with mouldy hay and straw. Prior to the study, diseased horses were in clinical remission and exhibited no clinical signs of disease. Obtained samples were microscopically examined using picrosirius-red, a collagen specific histological staining technique. Collagen area in the subepithelial layer, e.g. the region between the airway smooth muscle and the epithelial layer was measured, and corrected for airway size using standard morphometric techniques. In comparison with controls, heaves-affected horses had an increased collagen content in the airway subepithelial area (p<0.1). No change in fibrosis of the subepithelial area was observed in diseased horses after the 30 day antigenic challenge. Peripheral airway subepithelial collagen at baseline was positively associated with maximal changes in transpulmonary pressure and pulmonary resistance in horses with heaves but not in controls. Results of this study indicate that fibrosis of the subepithelial area is present in the peripheral airways of heaves-affected horses, and may play a role in residual lung function deficits observed in diseased horses even while in clinical remission.