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Journal articles on the topic 'Astragales'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 June 2025

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Dasen, Véronique, and Ulrich Schädler. "Jeu et divination. Un nouveau témoignage de l'époque romaine." Jeu et divination. Un nouveau témoignage de l'époque romaine, no. 553 (April 17, 2017): 60–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3862420.

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Dans l’Antiquité, la frontière entre jeu et divination est souvent di cile à tracer. Lancer les dés ou les osselets constituent ainsi tantôt un jeu d’adresse et de compétition, tantôt un moyen de prédire l’avenir. Mais les dieux sont responsables de la manière dont les dés ou les astragales retombent, déterminant le succès ou l’échec... Une scène de jeu découverte à Angers pourrait constituer un nouveau témoignage de la pratique.

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Laribi-Glaudel, Sophie. "Les consécrations de jouets dans les sanctuaires du monde grec entre littérature et épigraphie aux époques classique et hellénistique." Les consécrations de jouets dans les sanctuaires du monde grec entre littérature et épigraphie aux époques classique et hellénistique 1, no. 75 (2022): 99–116. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10058296.

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Les enfants grecs fréquentaient, aux côtés des adultes, les sanctuaires du monde grec. Ils pouvaient y consacrer des jouets, une pratique attestée par plusieurs épigrammes votives tirées de l' Anthologie Palatine. La confrontation des sources littéraires, épigraphiques et archéologiques met en lumière la matérialité de ces pratiques rituelles de l' enfance, mais invite également à interroger la catégorie même des jouets. Les jeunes fidèles consacraient ainsi divers instruments de musique, des balles ou des astragales, ou encore des objets qu' ils se plaisaient à collectionner, comme des coquillages. Les consécrations de jouets dans les sanctuaires témoignent donc des rites qui marquaient les différentes étapes de la vie des petits Grecs et des petites Grecques, de la prime enfance au seuil de la puberté puis à l' entrée dans l' âge adulte.Greek children used to frequent, alongside adults, the sanctuaries of the Greek world. There, they could dedicate toys, a practice attested by several votive epigrams from the Greek Anthology. The comparison of literary, epigraphical, and archaeological sources highlights the materiality of the childhood ritual practices. It also invites us to question the very category of 'toys'. The young worshippers consecrated indeed various musical instruments, balls, or astragals, as well as objects that they enjoyed collecting, such as shells. The consecrations of toys in the sanctuaries were part of the coming of age rituals that marked the different life stages of the Greek boys and girls, from early childhood to the threshold of puberty and of adulthood.

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Ghedira, K., and P. Goetz. "Astragale : Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Fabaceae)." Phytothérapie 16, no. 5 (2018): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2018-0069.

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Li, Haifeng, Ruona Shi, Fei Ding, et al. "Astragalus Polysaccharide Suppresses 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4856761.

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Astragalus membranaceus is a medicinal plant traditionally used in China for a variety of conditions, including inflammatory and neural diseases. Astragalus polysaccharides are shown to reduce the adverse effect of levodopa which is used to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the neuroprotective effect of Astragalus polysaccharides per se in PD is lacking. Using Caenorhabditis elegans models, we investigated the protective effect of astragalan, an acidic polysaccharide isolated from A. membranaceus, against the neurotoxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a neurotoxin that can induce parkinsonism. We show that 6-OHDA is able to degenerate dopaminergic neurons and lead to the deficiency of food-sensing behavior and a shorter lifespan in C. elegans. Interestingly, these degenerative symptoms can be attenuated by astragalan treatment. Astragalan is also shown to alleviate oxidative stress through reducing reactive oxygen species level and malondialdehyde content and increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduce the expression of proapoptotic gene egl-1 in 6-OHDA-intoxicated nematodes. Further studies reveal that astragalan is capable of elevating the decreased acetylcholinesterase activity induced by 6-OHDA. Together, our results demonstrate that the protective effect of astragalan against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity is likely due to the alleviation of oxidative stress and regulation of apoptosis pathway and cholinergic system and thus provide an important insight into the therapeutic potential of Astragalus polysaccharide in neurodegeneration.

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Zhao, Saichula. "The Chemical Constituents and Application Status of Radix Astragali." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 74 (December 29, 2023): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/6vgzvb43.

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Radix Astragali, a highly renowned herbal medicine, boasts a venerable history within the realm of the traditional Chinese medicine. Its abundant therapeutic value has elicited widespread scholarly attention. This paper summarizes the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of the Radix Astragali and explores its application status in aquaculture and medical cosmetology. Radix Astragali is rich in chemicals. Flavonoids, saponins and astragalus polysaccharides are the main active components of Radix Astragali. These ingredients have many pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, Radix Astragali as a feed additive can improve the growth and development, and reproductive function and immune health of livestock and poultry. In the medical beauty industry, Radix Astragali has also been developed into a product with effects such as the sun protection and skin repair. These studies provide a basic basis for the research and application of astragalus and its active ingredients.

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Fateryga, Alexander V., Andreas Müller, and Maxim Yu Proshchalykin. "Two new Hoplitis species of the subgenus Hoplitis Klug, 1807 (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) and the nesting biology of H. astragali sp. nov. in Dagestan." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96 (August 15, 2023): 641–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.109255.

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Hoplitis astragalisp. nov., a member of the H. monstrabilis species group, and H. dagestanicasp. nov., a member of the H. adunca species group, are described. The former species is known from Dagestan in Russia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan, the latter only from Dagestan. Nests of H. astragali are described. Females of this species excavated burrows in a vertical clay cliff, but sometimes chose a horizontal surface for nest excavation, particularly at the entrance of old burrows of Xylocopa olivieri (Apidae). The nest burrows of H. astragali were either sub-vertical or sub-horizontal. The nests were composed of one to three brood cells, an empty vestibule in front of the outermost cell, and a closing plug at the nest entrance made of moistened mud. The inner surface of the cells was covered with a thin wall composed of compact soil, most probably built by the female bee after cell excavation. The pollen loaf was very liquid and had a spherical shape. The egg was deposited on its top. The cocoon consisted of a single thin layer, which uniformly covered the whole inner surface of the cell. There was one generation per year. The prepupae hibernated. Sapyga caucasica (Sapygidae) was recorded in the nests as a kleptoparasite. Both females and males of H. astragali exclusively visited flowers of two species of the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae).

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Qin, Honghan, Lei Xie, Yimei Zang, et al. "Residue of Chlormequat and Regulatory Effects on the Specialized Metabolites of Astragali Radix." Molecules 28, no. 19 (2023): 6754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28196754.

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Presently, the utilization of chlormequat in Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Leguminosae) cultivation is prevalent for augmenting rhizome (Astragali Radix) yield. However, indiscriminate and excessive chlormequat employment can detrimentally influence Astragali Radix quality and safety. This research aimed to comprehensively comprehend chlormequat risks and its influence on Astragali Radix metabolites. Diverse chlormequat concentrations were employed in Astragalus mongholicus cultivation, with subsequent analysis of residual chlormequat levels in Astragali Radix across treatment groups. Astragali Radix metabolic profiling was conducted through UPLC-QTOF-MS, and thirteen principal active components were quantified via UFLC-MS/MS. Findings revealed a direct correlation between chlormequat residue levels in Astragali Radix and application concentration, with high-dose residue surpassing 5.0 mg/kg. Metabolomics analysis identified twenty-six distinct saponin and flavonoid metabolites. Notably, the application of chlormequat led to the upregulation of seven saponins (e.g., astragaloside I and II) and downregulation of six flavonoids (e.g., methylnissolin-3-O-glucoside and astraisoflavan-7-O-β-d-glucoside). Quantitative analysis demonstrated variable contents of active ingredients due to differing chlormequat concentrations, leading to astragaloside I increase (14.59–62.55%) and isoastragaloside II increase (4.8–55.63%), while methylnissolin-3-O-glucoside decreased (22.18–41.69%), as did astraisoflavan-7-O-β-d-glucoside (21.09–47.78%). In conclusion, chlormequat application influenced multiple active components in Astragali Radix, causing constituent proportion variations. Elevated chlormequat concentrations led to increased active components alongside heightened chlormequat residues in Astragali Radix. Consequently, prudent chlormequat application during Astragali Radix production is imperative to avert potential detriments to its quality and safety.

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Gjærum, Halvor B. "Studies in rusts (Uredinales) on Astragalus (Fabaceae)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (1991): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600003097.

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Four Uromyces species are described as new, viz. U. astragali-alopecuri sp. nov. on Astragalus alopecurus from Turkey, U. astragali-atropilosuli sp. nov. on A. atropilosulus subsp. bequaertii var. bequaertii from Kenya, occurring also in Ethiopia and Tanzania, U. astragali-pseudoutrigeris sp. nov. on A. pseudoutriger from Turkey, and U. semnanensis sp. nov. on A. fridae from Iran. Several new hosts (marked *) are reported for U. punctatus. This rust is reported as new to S America (in Chile).

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Mohamad, Hesam Shahrajabian, Sun Wenli, and Cheng Qi. "Astragalus, an Ancient Medicinal Root in Traditional Chinese Medicine, a Gift from Silk Road." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 3, no. 3 (2019): 27–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3484247.

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Astragalus is a medicinal herb which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for many years. Specifically, the root of the plant is made into many different forms of supplements, including liquid extracts, capsules, powders, and teas. Its root contains many active plant compounds, which are believed to be responsible for its potential benefits. Saponins, polysaccharides, amino acids, flavonoids, organic acid, glycosides, alkaloid, and trace elements. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Astragalus considers to used in the treatment of diabetes, mellitus, nephritis, leukemia, uterine cancer, besides its tonic agent and diuretic effects. Astragalus polysaccharide, the active component extracted from Astragali Radix which is the root of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. Some uses of Astragalus are in kidney and urinary problems, digestion, liver problems, female reproductive system problems, muscular, skin problems, cardiovascular and blood, immune and lymphatic system, nervous system, respiratory system, and for some specific disease. It helps protect the body against various types of stress such as physical and emotional stress. Astragalus root including anti-aging properties, and also helping to prevent bone loss. It contains Astragalosides (antioxidants), which support the integrity of the respiratory tract. In addition, the polysaccharides found in Astragalus are known for their immune supporting properties. Astragalus herb also supports deep immune function by promoting normal levels of specific immune cells and aids in their function. Astragalus appears especially effective when immune function is stressed by environmental or endogenous challenges. In TCM, huang qi is never administered as a mono-drug but forms part of mixtures depending on the indications. Astragali Radix, the root of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, has been reported to exert hepatoprotective effects, anti-oxidative effects, antiviral activity, anti-oxidative effects, anti-hypertensive effects, and immunostimulant properties; it has also been reported to strengthen superficial resistance, drainage action, and new tissue growth. Although TCM in China is partly integrating with western medical science, researchers should learn more from TCM and carry out more studies.

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Hai-Yan, Zhu, Gao Yong-Hong, Wang Zhi-Yao, et al. "Astragalus Polysaccharide Suppresses the Expression of Adhesion Molecules through the Regulation of the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in Human Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/280493.

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Astragalus polysaccharide is a major component of radix astragali, a vital qi-reinforcing herb medicine with favorable immune-regulating effects. In a previous animal experiment, we demonstrated that astragalus polysaccharide effectively alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of cardiac muscle through the regulation of the inflammatory reactions. However, the relationship between this herb and the cohesion molecules on the cell surface remains controversial. In this study, human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) were used to validate the protective effects of astragalus under an IRI scheme simulated through hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro. The results indicated that astragalus polysaccharide inhibited the cohesion between HCMECs and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) during IRI through the downregulation of p38 MAPK signaling and the reduction of cohesive molecule expression in HCMECs.

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ZHANG, Qiang, Wen-yuan GAO, Yun ZHANG, et al. "Protective effects of astragalus extract against intermittent hypoxia-induced hippocampal neurons impairment in rats." Chinese Medical Journal 126, no. 8 (2013): 1551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20122722.

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Background Intermittent hypoxia is the main pathophysiological cause of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Astragalus shows improvement of spatial learning and memory abilities under intermittent hypoxia. Our study aimed to investigate the protective effect of astragalus against intermittent hypoxia induced-hippocampal neurons impairment in rats and lay the theoretical foundation for the sleep apnea improvement in cognitive function by astragalus. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: blank control group, normoxia group, intermittent hypoxia group and astragalus treated intermittent hypoxia group. After 6-week treatment, apoptosis of neurons was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. Furthermore, the expression of HIF-1a was detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the mRNA level as well as by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting at the protein level. Results HPLC analysis indicated that astragaloside IV, astragaloside II and astragaloside I were the main compounds in astragals extract. Astragalus extract reduced the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons (P <0.05) and decreased the expression of HIF-1a at both the mRNA and protein levels in hippocampus compared with non-treated groups (P <0.05). Conclusion Astragalus protects against intermittent hypoxia-induced hippocampal neurons impairment in rats.

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MINAEI, KAMBIZ, LIDA FEKRAT, and LAURENCE MOUND. "The genus Neoheegeria with a new species from Iran exhibiting wing-dimorphism (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)." Zootaxa 4455, no. 3 (2018): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.12.

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Neoheegeria astragali sp.n. is described as the first known member of this genus to exhibit wing-dimorphism. Collected on Astragalus sp. [Fabaceae] in Iran, it is also unique among Neoheegeria species in having the tube unusually short. Neoheegeria sinaitica is recorded from Iran for the first time, and an illustrated key is provided to the five species of Neoheegeria. Wing reduction among Haplothripini is discussed briefly, and it is concluded that most species of Neoheegeria are associated with species of Astragalus.

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Chen, Xiang-Jian, Zhi-Ping Bian, Shu Lu, et al. "Cardiac Protective Effect of Astragalus on Viral Myocarditis Mice: Comparison with Perindopril." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 34, no. 03 (2006): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x06004028.

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In clinical practice, Astragali Radix (Astragalus), the root of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, has been widely applied to treat patients with viral diseases, including viral myocarditis in China. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Astragalus on the function of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2) activity and endothelin system at acute and chronic periods of myocarditis mice induced by CVB 3 infection. Astragalus feeding (2.2 mg/kg/day) could significantly increase the survival rate, alleviate pathological alterations and serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), as well as restore impaired SERCA activity at the acute stage. Low affinity and capacity of ETR were reversed with Astragalus after the first CVB 3 inoculation up to 7 days and after the second virus inoculation up to 150 days. In the meantime, the contents of cardiac ET-1 and ANP were reduced. Comparison the myocarditis mice treated with Perindopril (0.44 mg/kg/day), an ACE inhibitor, shows that Astragalus achieved a similar effect on survival rate, SERCA2 and ET system. These results indicated that the beneficial effects of Astragalus and Perindopril for treating viral myocarditis might be partly mediated by preserving the functions of SERCA 2 activity and ET system.

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KHANJANI, MOHAMMAD, BAHMAN ASALI FAYAZ, and MASOUMEH KHANJANI. "Two new species of Linotetranus (Parasitiformes: Tetranychoidea: Linotetranidae) from Iran." Zootaxa 2834, no. 1 (2011): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2834.1.4.

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This paper reports the description of two new species belonging to the family Linotetranidae from Iran, Linotetranus iraniensis sp. nov. and L. astragalusi sp. nov., collected in soil associated with gum bushes, Astragalus gossypinus Fisch. (Fabaceae). A key to all known species of the world is provided.

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Yao, Juan, Ting Peng, Changxin Shao, Yuanyuan Liu, Huanhuan Lin, and Yongqi Liu. "The Antioxidant Action of Astragali radix: Its Active Components and Molecular Basis." Molecules 29, no. 8 (2024): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081691.

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Astragali radix is a traditional medicinal herb with a long history and wide application. It is frequently used in prescriptions with other medicinal materials to replenish Qi. According to the classics of traditional Chinese medicine, Astragali radix is attributed with properties such as Qi replenishing and surface solidifying, sore healing and muscle generating, and inducing diuresis to reduce edema. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that some extracts and active ingredients in Astragali radix function as antioxidants. The polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids in Astragali radix offer beneficial effects in preventing and controlling diseases caused by oxidative stress. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the effective components and molecular mechanisms through which Astragali radix exerts antioxidant activity. In this paper, we review the active components with antioxidant effects in Astragali radix; summarize the content, bioavailability, and antioxidant mechanisms; and offer a reference for the clinical application of Astragalus and the future development of novel antioxidants.

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Sytin, Andrej K. "Оn the Relationship between Biomorphs and Taxa of Annual Astragali (Astragalus L., Fabaceae)". Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii 128, № 2023. T. 128. Vyp. 5. (2024): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-5-40-51.

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Four architectural models are defined based on structural analysis of biomorphs of 33 species of annual astragali (Astragalus, Fabaceae) distributed in the Crimea, the Caucasus and Central Asia. The synthesis of molecular data, taxonomy and biomorphology confirms the concept of mosaic evolution and heterochronism (heterobatmy) of characters.

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Miyazawa, Mitsuo, and Hiromu Kameoka. "Volatile Flavor Components of ASTRAGALI RADIX (Astragalus membranaceusBunge)." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 51, no. 11 (1987): 3153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1987.10868496.

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Zeng, Cuiyun, Xiaoyu Zhu, Zhen Cui, and Yanzhong Li. "Antifungal activity of plant extracts against Embellisia astragali, the fungal causal agent of yellow dwarf and root-rot disease of standing milkvetch." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 7 (2015): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15012.

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In an attempt to find biological fungicides, we screened 18 medicinal plants used in Chinese traditional medicine for their activity against Embellisia astragali, the causative fungus of yellow dwarf and root-rot disease in standing milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.). The antifungal eﬃcacy of ethanolic extracts of these plants was tested in vitro. Our results show that among the 18 plants tested, the ethanolic extracts of Saposhnikovia divaricata, Allium sativum and Juglans regia totally inhibited mycelial growth of E. astragali. These three extracts also significantly inhibited spore germination of E. astragali, with inhibition rates ranging from 86% to 88%. In addition, the same extract from the same plant part indicated the strongest antifungal activity against E. astragali, with a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 50 mg mL–1. These results demonstrate that plant-derived products have a high potential to control yellow dwarf and root-rot disease in standing milkvetch.

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S., Onishchenko, and Ilyushin A. "METHOD OF SEPARATING OVIS ARIES PAIRED ASTRAGALUS IN CLOSED ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEXES (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE MEDIEVAL TREASURE OF ALCHIKS FROM THE TOROPOVO-7A IN THE KUZNETSK BASIN)." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 35, no. 1 (2023): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2023)35(1).-01.

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The article examines a collection of dice, of 91 talus bones or astragalus from domestic sheep (Ovis aries), found during the excavations at the Toropovo-7A cult site in the valley of the Kasma river in the Kuznetsk basin. These archaeological objects were found in one cluster in the upper filling of the soil pit. The archaeological site according to analogies of the totality of finds was dated back to the 11th–14th centuries and attributed to the Shandin archaeological culture. The preliminary analysis of the astragalus collection from the Toropovo-7A cult site showed that it was formed by versatile bones, of which 44 were left and 47 were right, and on 20 bones there were traces of artificial damage. These data led to the question of the real number of sheep that could belong to the found alchiki, since their number could range from 47 to 91. To solve this problem, based on the approach of L. Lyman, a method was developed to identify versatile paired astragalas potentially belonging to one individual. It is based on the classification of bones by cluster analysis, taking into account morphometric differences between the left and right astragalus belonging to the reference individual. The Euclidean distance, calculated from two dimensions: the length of the astragalus along the lateral side and the width of its lower articular block, was used as a measure of distance in the construction of the similarity dendrogram by the arithmetic mean method. As a threshold value, the level of association of reference astragalus served, below which versatile astragalus, united in separate clusters, were considered as potentially belonging to one species. As a result of cluster analysis, versatile pairs of astragalus were singled out from a sample of 75 samples, which hypothetically can belong to 9 animals. Taking into account the results obtained, it is assumed that the minimum number of rams whose astragalus appeared in the collection at Toropovo-7A was at least 80 species.

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BIDARLORD, MAHMOUD, FARROKH GHAHREMANINEJAD, and ALI ASGHAR MAASSOUMI. "A new species of the genus Astragalus (Leguminosae) from Northwest Iran." Phytotaxa 252, no. 4 (2016): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.252.4.4.

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A new species Astragalus taleshensis (Astragaleae; Leguminosae) is described and illustrated here as a new species from the Talesh Mountains in northwestern Iran. This species belongs to section Malacothrix. Diagnostic morphological characters in discriminating this new species from its close relative A. khajiboulaghensis are tabulated. Some notes are presented on the ecology, distribution, and conservation status of the new taxon. Also, some other species belong to section Malacothrix that occur in the Talesh Mountains are listed.

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Dong, Pengbin, Lingjuan Wang, Yong Chen, et al. "Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix): A Systematic Review." Biology 13, no. 8 (2024): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13080625.

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Huang-Qi (Astragali radix) is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, derived from the dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus or Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. To date, more than 200 compounds have been reported to be isolated and identified in Huang-Qi. However, information pertaining to Huang-Qi breeding is considerably fragmented, with fundamental gaps in knowledge, creating a bottleneck in effective breeding strategies. This review systematically introduces Huang-Qi germplasm resources, genetic diversity, and genetic breeding, including wild species and cultivars, and summarizes the breeding strategy for cultivars and the results thereof as well as recent progress in the functional characterization of the structural and regulatory genes related to horticultural traits. Perspectives about the resource protection and utilization, breeding, and industrialization of Huang-Qi in the future are also briefly discussed.

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Yu, B. H., Z. B. Nan, Y. Z. Li, and H. L. Lin. "Resistance of standing milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens) varieties to Embellisia astragali." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 4 (2012): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12107.

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Yellow stunt and root rot caused by Embellisia astragali are major factors contributing to declining yields of standing milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens). The resistance of ten varieties of standing milkvetch to E. astragali was evaluated under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. Seed germination/emergence, shoot and root length, plant dry weight, disease incidence, mortality, and disease severity index were monitored. The results show that Shanxi and Zhongsha No. 1 varieties had the best agronomic traits and lowest levels of disease in all experiments, while the varieties Neimeng and Ningxia had the highest susceptibility to disease. Germination/emergence differed significantly (P < 0.05) between varieties after inoculation, and compared with the control, germination/emergence of inoculated treatments of nine varieties decreased on average by 1.5% in laboratory experiments and by 4.1% in greenhouse experiments at 15 days after inoculation. Inoculation reduced shoot length by an average of 24.4% and 41.5% (P < 0.05) in laboratory and greenhouse experiments, respectively, in six of ten varieties. All varieties showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower plant dry weight following inoculation, with reductions ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 mg in the laboratory and from 82.6 to 149.4 mg in the greenhouse. Resistance to the pathogen was evaluated on the basis of disease incidence, a disease severity index (DSI), and mortality; varieties showing different resistance were grouped using cluster analysis. There were significant correlations between the results of laboratory and greenhouse experiments (r = 0.79; P < 0.01) and between greenhouse and field experiments (r = 0.83; P < 0.01) across all varieties. Multiple regression analysis between laboratory/greenhouse and field experiments on DSI suggested that screening in the laboratory/greenhouse could be an alternative method of rapidly estimating DSI under field conditions.

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Zhang, Hanrui, Ni Pan, Siqin Xiong, et al. "Inhibition of polyglutamine-mediated proteotoxicity by Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide through the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor in Caenorhabditis elegans." Biochemical Journal 441, no. 1 (2011): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20110621.

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Late-onset neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins and global disruption of the proteostasis network, e.g. abnormal polyQ (polyglutamine) aggregation in Huntington's disease. Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (astragalan) has recently been shown to modulate aging and proteotoxic stress pathways. Using Caenorhabditis elegans models, we now show that astragalan not only reduces polyQ aggregation, but also alleviates the associated neurotoxicity. We also reveal that astragalan can extend the adult lifespan of wild-type and polyQ nematodes, indicating a connection of its anti-aging benefit with the toxicity-suppressing effect. Further examination demonstrates that astragalan can extend the lifespan of daf-2 and age-1, but not daf-16, mutant nematodes of the insulin-like aging and stress pathway, suggesting a lifespan-regulation signalling independent of DAF (abnormal dauer formation)-2/IGF-1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor), but dependent on the DAF-16/FOXO (forkhead box O) transcription factor, a pivotal integrator of divergent signalling pathways related to both lifespan regulation and stress resistance. We also show that a subset of DAF-16 downstream genes are regulated by astragalan, including the DAF-16 transcriptional target gene scl-20, which is itself constitutively up-regulated in transgenic polyQ nematodes. These findings, together with our previous work on LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins and trehalose, provide a revealing insight into the potential of stress and lifespan regulators in the prevention of proteotoxic disorders.

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Fateryga, Alexander V., Andreas Müller, and Maxim Yu. Proshchalykin. "Two new Hoplitis species of the subgenus Hoplitis Klug, 1807 (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) and the nesting biology of H. astragali sp. nov. in Dagestan." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96 (August 15, 2023): 641–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.109255.

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Hoplitis astragali sp. nov., a member of the H. monstrabilis species group, and H. dagestanica sp. nov., a member of the H. adunca species group, are described. The former species is known from Dagestan in Russia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan, the latter only from Dagestan. Nests of H. astragali are described. Females of this species excavated burrows in a vertical clay cliff, but sometimes chose a horizontal surface for nest excavation, particularly at the entrance of old burrows of Xylocopa olivieri (Apidae). The nest burrows of H. astragali were either sub-vertical or sub-horizontal. The nests were composed of one to three brood cells, an empty vestibule in front of the outermost cell, and a closing plug at the nest entrance made of moistened mud. The inner surface of the cells was covered with a thin wall composed of compact soil, most probably built by the female bee after cell excavation. The pollen loaf was very liquid and had a spherical shape. The egg was deposited on its top. The cocoon consisted of a single thin layer, which uniformly covered the whole inner surface of the cell. There was one generation per year. The prepupae hibernated. Sapyga caucasica (Sapygidae) was recorded in the nests as a kleptoparasite. Both females and males of H. astragali exclusively visited flowers of two species of the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae).

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Wang, Shilei, Yuan Peng, Yixin Zhuang, Nan Wang, Jianchang Jin, and Zhajun Zhan. "Purification, Structural Analysis and Cardio-Protective Activity of Polysaccharides from Radix Astragali." Molecules 28, no. 10 (2023): 4167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104167.

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Two polysaccharides, named APS2-I and APS3-I, were purified from the water extract of Radix Astragali. The average molecular weight of APS2-I was 1.96 × 106 Da and composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Xyl, and Ara in a molar ratio of 2.3:4.8:1.7:14.0:5.8:11.7:2.8:12.6, while the average molecular weight of APS3-I was 3.91 × 106 Da and composed of Rha, GalA, Glc, Gal, and Ara in a molar ratio of 0.8:2.3:0.8:2.3:4.1. Biological evaluation showed APS2-I and APS3-I had significant antioxidant activity and myocardial protection activity. Furthermore, total polysaccharide treatment could significantly enhance hemodynamic parameters and improve cardiac function in rat ischemia and reperfusion isolated heart models. These results provided important information for the clinical application of APS in the field of cardiovascular disease and implied that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) could be considered as a reference for the quality control of Radix Astragali.

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Wang, Jia, Junying Jia, Li Song, et al. "Extraction, Structure, and Pharmacological Activities of Astragalus Polysaccharides." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010122.

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The Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) are important bioactive components of Astragali Radix, the dry root of Astragalus membranaceus, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this review, the extraction conditions and extraction rates of APS are first compared for water, microwave-assisted, ultrasonic wave, and enzymatic hydrolysis extraction methods. Some studies have also shown that different methods can be combined to improve the extraction rate of APS. Subsequently, the chemical composition and structure of APS are discussed, as related to the extraction and purification method. Most studies have shown that APS is mainly composed of glucose, in addition to rhamnose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid. We also reviewed studies on the modification of APS using chemical methods, including sulfated modification using the chlorosulfonic acid–pyridine method, which is commonly used for chemical modification of APS. Finally, the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of APS are summarized, with a special focus on its immunoregulatory, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. This review will serve as a valuable resource for the research on APS.

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Arshad Ullah, Muhammad. "Clinical Treatments of Various Diseases with The Root of Astragalus Membranaceus." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 13, no. 2 (2023): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/299.

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Astragalus L., is one of the largest genuses of flowering plants in the Leguminosae family. As annual or perennial herbs, sub shrubs, or shrubs, the plants of Astragalus L. are widely distributed throughout the temperate and arid regions. So far, the genus has been estimated to contain 2000–3000 species and more than 250 taxonomic sections in the world. Astragalus can significantly improve motor and memory impairment following D-galactose induced senescence in mice, which suggests anti-aging effects and possibly a delay in senility of middle-aged mice. The root of A. membranceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao (Radix Astragali) is a precious medicine in TCM, which has the properties of intensifying phagocytosis of reticuloendothelial systems, stimulating pituitary-adrenal cortical activity, and restoring depleted red blood cell formation in bone marrow. Clinically, it is used to treat chronic phlegmatic disorders and general gastrointestinal disturbances including stomach ulcers and diarrhea. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of various renal diseases for over 2000 years and was recorded in Shen Nong’s Materia Medica, which was written in the Han dynasty. Also, it is famed for its antimicrobial, antiperspirant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and tonic effects. Some plants in the Astragalus genus are well known for their pharmacological properties, particularly hepatoprotective, immunostimulant, and antiviral activities. While, the most common use of this genus is as forage for livestock and wild animals, some plants in this genus have been recognized as being used in foods, medicines, cosmetics, as substitutes for tea or coffee, or as sources of vegetable gums. Saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides are believed to be the principle active constituents of Astragalus. This herb possesses tonic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, and expectorant properties and has been shown to exhibit immunomodulating, antihyperglycemic, and antiviral activities, among others. Traditionally, it was used to treat weakness, wounds, anemia, fever, multiple allergies, chronic fatigue, and loss of appetite, uterine bleeding, and uterine prolapse. The plants have also been used for treatment of diabetes, nephritis, leukemia, stomach ulcers, hypertension and chronic bronchitis.

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Kornievskaya, Tatyana. "Drought resistance of Astragalus cicer and A. sulcatus at the initial stages of plants development." BIO Web of Conferences 11 (2018): 00025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20181100025.

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The article considers laboratory evaluation methods of water stress influence on the initial stages of Astragalus cicer and A. sulcatus development by seeds ability to germinate in osmotic sucrose solutions, characteristics of radicles and depression of shoots growth processes induced by the solution osmotic pressure. Osmoregulatory characteristics of seeds are estimated. It was ascertained that the rise in solution osmotic pressure up to 2 atm leads to a twofold and fivefold decrease in seeds germinating capacity in A. cicer and A. sulcatus respectively. At the sucrose concentration level of 4 atm, seeds do not germinate at all. Strong concentrations of osmotic solutions cause the depression of shoots growth processes and the reduction of astragaluses dry biomass.

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Jin, Xiaojie, Huijuan Zhang, Xiaorong Xie, et al. "From Traditional Efficacy to Drug Design: A Review of Astragali Radix." Pharmaceuticals 18, no. 3 (2025): 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18030413.

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Astragali Radix (AR), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is derived from the dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao (A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, AMM) or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge (A. membranaceus, AM). According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, AR is believed to tonify qi, elevate yang, consolidate the body’s surface to reduce sweating, promote diuresis and reduce swelling, generate body fluids, and nourish the blood. It has been widely used to treat general weakness and chronic illnesses and to improve overall vitality. Extensive research has identified various medicinal properties of AR, including anti-tumor, antioxidant, cardiovascular-protective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective effects. With advancements in technology, methods such as computer-aided drug design (CADD) and artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly being applied to the development of TCM. This review summarizes the progress of research on AR over the past decades, providing a comprehensive overview of its traditional efficacy, botanical characteristics, drug design and distribution, chemical constituents, and phytochemistry. This review aims to enhance researchers’ understanding of AR and its pharmaceutical potential, thereby facilitating further development and utilization.

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Guo, Yali, Lijun Wang, Kaishuang Liu, et al. "A Rapid and Accurate UHPLC Method for Determination of Monosaccharides in Polysaccharides of Different Sources of Radix Astragali and Its Immune Activity Analysis." Molecules 29, no. 10 (2024): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102287.

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With the escalating demand for Astragalus polysaccharides products developed from Radix Astragali (RA), the necessity for quality control of polysaccharides in RA has become increasingly urgent. In this study, a specific method for the simultaneous determination of seven monosaccharides in polysaccharides extracted from Radix Astragali (RA) has been developed and validated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an ultraviolet detector (UHPLC-UV) for the first time. The 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) derivatizations were separated on a C18 column (Waters ACQUITYTM, Milfor, MA, USA, 1.8 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm) using gradient elution with a binary system of 5 mm ammonium formate (0.1% formic acid)-acetonitrile for 24 min. Additionally, seven monosaccharides showed good linear relationships (R2, 0.9971–0.9995), adequate precision (RSD < 4.21%), and high recoveries (RSD < 4.70%). The established method was used to analyze 109 batches of RA. Results showed that the Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs) mainly consist of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), glucose (Glu), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl); and fucose (Fuc); however, their composition was different among RA samples from different growth patterns, species, growth years, and origins, and the growth mode of RA and the age of wild-simulated RA can be accurately distinguished by principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, the immunological activity of APSs were also evaluated jointly by measurement of the NO release with RAW264.7, with the results showing that APSs have a promoting effect on the release of NO and exhibit a significant correlation with Man, Glu, Xyl, and Fuc contents. Accordingly, the new established monosaccharides analytical method and APS-immune activity determination in this study can provide a reference for quality evaluation and the establishment of quality standards for RA.

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A., TUZBEKOV, BERSENEV E., and SHAGAPOVA G. "DICE FOUND AT THE EXCAVATIONS IN THE PODYMALOVO-1 SETTLEMENT, BASHKIR CIS-URALS (BASED ON THE EXCAVATIONS IN 2022)." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 35, no. 4 (2023): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2023)35(4).-09.

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The article presents the results of the research of astragali (talus bones) excavated in 2022 at the Golden Horde Podymalovo-1 (XIV). Settlement. The collection of animal astragals was studied with use-wear analysis. The obtained data were compared with the results of studies of similar artefacts made of talus bones which had been discovered at the ethnographic expedition in 2019 in the village of Nyzhnebaltachevo, the Tatyshlinsky district, in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Those objects were used in the game known as “loedyiga” (a kind of game similar to “fi ve stones/bones”). The analysis of two collections revealed identical processing traces which had been left when the bones had been extracted from the limbs of animals. However, the wear marks differed in their character. The use of use-wear analysis and comparative methods in the study of the talus bones of animals discovered at the village of Podymalovo-1 made it possible to classify them as dice (“chips” and “bits”). It was concluded that the astragals could have been used in a version of the game different from the game“five stones/bones”.

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Chu, Chu, Lian-Wen Qi, E.-Hu Liu, Bin Li, Wen Gao, and Ping Li. "Radix Astragali (Astragalus): Latest Advancements and Trends in Chemistry, Analysis, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics." Current Organic Chemistry 14, no. 16 (2010): 1792–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138527210792927663.

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Li, Yan Zhong, and Zhi Biao Nan. "Nutritional study on Embellisia astragali, a fungal pathogen of milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens)." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 95, no. 3 (2009): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-009-9310-2.

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Roman, Lysiuk, and Kozachok Solomiia. "HPLC-UV Determination of Catechins and Gallic Acid in Aerial Parts of Astragalus glycyphyllos L." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, no. 2 (2019): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v18i2.44464.

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The aerial part of Astragalus glycyphyllos L. (Astragali glycyphylli herba), a promising nephroprotective agent in folk medicine, has been investigated by HPLC-UV for occurrence of catechins, which are known in individual state as renoprotective substances and gallic acid. The following six compounds were detected and quantitatively determined in the analyzed plant material: (-)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate and gallic acid. The highest yield amongst the flavan-3-ols was found for (-)-gallocatechin (3.7 mg/g) and (-)-epigallocatechin (1.7 mg/g). The determined content of gallic acid was 0.4 mg/g. The investigated material should be subjected for further studies to substantiate the recommendation for its wider employment in current phytotherapeutic practice. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 241-247, 2019 (December)

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Kotsupiy, Ol'ga Viktorovna, Tat'yana Aleksandrovna Shemetova, and Anastasiya Andreyevna Petruk. "FLAVONOLGLYCOSIDE OF SOME SIBERIAN SPECIES OF THE SECTION XIPHIDIUM BUNGE OF THE GENUS ASTRAGALUS L." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (November 25, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019024263.

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For the first time, the composition and content of flavonolglycosides was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a chromatograms of extracts of leaves of plants of the species of the Xiphidium Bunge section of the genus Astragalus L. Siberia was compared. The leaves of five species were investigated: A. ionae Palibin, A. lenensis Shemetova, Schaulo et Lomon., A. macroceras C. A. Meyer, A. palibinii Polozhij, A. stenoceras C. A. Meyer. There were found 9 main components, among them flavonols isoqurcitrin, rutin and astragalin have been identified. Glycosides G1, G2, G6 and isoquercitrin was found in all species, astragalin there is only in A. macroceras. Rutin not detected in A. stenoceras. The amount of the main glycosides of flavonoids in the leaves of plants in the species A. ionae, A. lenensis and A. palibinii varies between 0.26–0.70%, in A. macroceras – 0.37–0.59%, in A. stenoceras – 0.20% by weight of the absolutely dry raw material. The composition of the components on chromatograms confirms the taxonomic similarity between A. ionae–A. lenensis–A. palibinii. The chromatograms of A. macroceras and A. stenoceras have a large number of common components, however, composition the most abundant is noted in the A. macroceras.

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Valant-Vetchera, K. M., and C. Zyka. "HUANG QI - RADIX ASTRAGALI MEMBRANACEI: ON THE BOTANICAL IDENTITY OF INVOLVED ASTRAGALUS SPECIES (LEGUMINOSAE)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 675 (February 2005): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.675.5.

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Zhang, Qing-An, Xue-Hui Fan, Zhi-Qi Zhang, et al. "Extraction, antioxidant capacity and identification of Semen Astragali Complanati (Astragalus complanatus R. Br.) phenolics." Food Chemistry 141, no. 2 (2013): 1295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.014.

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Xu, Song-Zhi, Qi-Liang Gan, and Xin-Wei Li. "Astragalus bashanensis (Leguminosae), a new species from Central China." PhytoKeys 219 (January 24, 2023): 49–55. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.219.96916.

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A new species Astragalus bashanensis, from western Hubei Province, Central China is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to Astragalus sinicus and A. wulingensis, but differs from both by its spreading pubescent indumentum on stems and petioles, longer petioles, white bracts, whitish or yellow corolla, longer claw of the keel-petal, hairy pods and smaller seeds.

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Novruzi, Nurlana. "CURRENT STATUS OF ASTRAGALUS SPECIES INCLUDED IN THE RED BOOK OF THE DARELEYEZ RANGE." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 101 (April 1, 2025): 13–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15118687.

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Plants belonging to the Fabaceae lindl. family are widely distributed in nature and human life, distinguished by their important properties. Plants of the Fabaceae lindl. family live in very diverse landscapes, including various life forms and ecological groups, which is of exceptional importance in the formation of biocenosis. It is known that there are more than 18,000 species belonging to more than 650 genera. There are 502 species belonging to 69 genera in Azerbaijan, and 258 species belonging to 46 genera in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, many of which are cultivated.Among the astragalus species included in the family, Astragalus szovitsii, Astragalus caraganae, Astragalus echinops, Astragalus fabaceus, Astragalus montis-aquilis grossh., Astragalus wagneri, Astragalus aznabjurticus grossh. It was discovered in the territory of the Daralayaz range. The low population of these species, the negative impact of zoogenic and anthropogenic factors have reduced their natural reserves. Since they are included in the Red Book of Azerbaijan and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, conservation measures have been developed for their protection, efficient and sustainable use. As a species whose range is gradually shrinking, whose biology is poorly studied, and whose populations are close to danger, the protection of their populations in the main places where they grow in the territory of the Arpachay State Nature Reserve should be strengthened, and their biological characteristics should be studied.

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Fernández-González, Federico, Massimo Terzi, Romeo Di Pietro, and Jean-Paul Theurillat. "Proposals (33–34) to conserve the name Poo-Astragalion and to conserve the name Poo-Astragaletum sesamei with a conserved type, and requests (5–7) for a binding decision on the name-giving taxa in the same names and the inversion of the name Poo-Astragaletum sesamei." Vegetation Classification and Survey 4 (September 25, 2023): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs.108769.

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The alliance name Poo-Astragalion has been widely used by Iberian phytosociologists for nearly fifty years to indicate a type of sheep pastures thriving on base-rich substrates. This alliance is currently classified in the order Poetalia bulbosae and class Poetea bulbosae. However, the revision of its original diagnosis highlights that this alliance name must be considered as an alternative name to the largely disused name Medicagini-Brachypodion distachyi. In order to stabilize the nomenclature, we propose the conservation of the traditionally used name Poo-Astragalion. On the other hand, the type association of the alliance (Poo-Astragaletum sesamei) turns out to be a superfluous name for another association neglected in the syntaxonomical literature, the Astragalo scorpioidis-Medicaginetum truncatulae. Hence, with the same objective of stabilizing the nomenclature, we propose the designation of a conserved neotype for the Poo-Astragaletum sesamei and the conservation of this name against the earlier heterotypic synonym in case of union of both associations. At the same time, we propose to complete the two names Poo-Astragalion and Poo-Astragaletum sesamei by selecting Poa bulbosa and Astragalus sesameus as the name-giving taxa, and to invert the name Poo-Astragaletum in accordance with its neotype (Astragalo sesamei-Poetum bulbosae). (33) Poo-Astragalion Rivas Goday et Ladero 1970: 165–169, nom. cons. propos. Typus: Poo-Astragaletum sesamei Rivas-Goday et Ladero 1970: 166–170 (holotypus). (≡) Medicagini-Brachypodion distachyi Rivas-Goday et Rivas-Martínez in Rivas Goday et Ladero 1970: 165–166 (alternative name) [original form: “Medicago-Brachypodion”] (34) Poo-Astragaletum sesamei Rivas-Goday et Ladero 1970: 166–170, nom. cons. et typus cons. propos. [original forms: “Poo-Astragaletum”, ”Poeto-Astragaletum sesamei”] Typus cons. propos.: neotypus hoc loco (see below). (=) Astragalo scorpioidis-Medicaginetum truncatulae Rivas Goday et Borja 1959 nom. corr. [original form: Astragalo scorpioidis-Medicaginetum tribuloidis nom. inept. (Rivas Goday and Borja 1959: 475, table 2)] Taxonomic reference: Euro+Med (2023). Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016). Abbreviations: EVC = EuroVegChecklist (Mucina et al. 2016); ICPN = 4th edition of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Theurillat et al. 2021).

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Xu, Lin, Yong Zhang, Chongyang Li, Xiaoqin Wang, Jinrong Liu, and Ville-Petri Friman. "Nocardioides astragali sp. nov., isolated from a nodule of wild Astragalus chrysopterus in northwestern China." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 111, no. 7 (2018): 1157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1020-1.

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Bai, Hai-Ying, Wen-Hui Zheng, Shu Han, et al. "Metabolomic Determination of Specialized Metabolites Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in the Traditional Chinese Medicines Astragali Radix and Hedysari Radix." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 1 (2020): 1934578X1990119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19901192.

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The Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) Astragali Radix (AR) derived from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao and A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., and Hedysari Radix (HR) derived from Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz. (family Leguminosae) are well-known for increasing the tonic effects on “Qi.” A better insight into the specialized (secondary) metabolites is essential to understand the effects of TCM; however, such metabolites remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a metabolomics-based analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 3 plant tissues—periderm, phloem, and xylem—to identify potential bioactive metabolites. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed 29 metabolites showing a significant difference between groups and 10 biomarker candidates of AR and HR. An anti-inflammatory assay showed that the xylem of both AR and HR and the phloem of HR showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than the positive control quercetin in terms of nitric oxide inhibition.

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Fernández-González, Federico, Massimo Terzi, Pietro Romeo Di, and Jean-Paul Theurillat. "Proposals (33–34) to conserve the name Poo-Astragalion and to conserve the name Poo-Astragaletum sesamei with a conserved type, and requests (5–7) for a binding decision on the name-giving taxa in the same names and the inversion of the name Poo-Astragaletum sesamei." Vegetation Classification and Survey 4 (September 25, 2023): 203–7. https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.108769.

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The alliance name Poo-Astragalion has been widely used by Iberian phytosociologists for nearly fifty years to indicate a type of sheep pastures thriving on base-rich substrates. This alliance is currently classified in the order Poetalia bulbosae and class Poetea bulbosae. However, the revision of its original diagnosis highlights that this alliance name must be considered as an alternative name to the largely disused name Medicagini-Brachypodion distachyi. In order to stabilize the nomenclature, we propose the conservation of the traditionally used name Poo-Astragalion. On the other hand, the type association of the alliance (Poo-Astragaletum sesamei) turns out to be a superfluous name for another association neglected in the syntaxonomical literature, the Astragalo scorpioidis-Medicaginetum truncatulae. Hence, with the same objective of stabilizing the nomenclature, we propose the designation of a conserved neotype for the Poo-Astragaletum sesamei and the conservation of this name against the earlier heterotypic synonym in case of union of both associations. At the same time, we propose to complete the two names Poo-Astragalion and Poo-Astragaletum sesamei by selecting Poa bulbosa and Astragalus sesameus as the name-giving taxa, and to invert the name Poo-Astragaletum in accordance with its neotype (Astragalo sesamei-Poetum bulbosae). (33) Poo-Astragalion Rivas Goday et Ladero 1970: 165–169, nom. cons. propos. Typus: Poo-Astragaletum sesamei Rivas-Goday et Ladero 1970: 166–170 (holotypus). (≡) Medicagini-Brachypodion distachyi Rivas-Goday et Rivas-Martínez in Rivas Goday et Ladero 1970: 165–166 (alternative name) [original form: "Medicago-Brachypodion"] (34) Poo-Astragaletum sesamei Rivas-Goday et Ladero 1970: 166–170, nom. cons. et typus cons. propos. [original forms: "Poo-Astragaletum", "Poeto-Astragaletum sesamei"] Typus cons. propos.: neotypus hoc loco (see below). (=) Astragalo scorpioidis-Medicaginetum truncatulae Rivas Goday et Borja 1959 nom. corr. [original form: Astragalo scorpioidis-Medicaginetum tribuloidis nom. inept. (Rivas Goday and Borja 1959: 475, table 2)] Taxonomic reference: Euro+Med (2023). Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016). Abbreviations: EVC = EuroVegChecklist (Mucina et al. 2016); ICPN = 4th edition of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Theurillat et al. 2021).

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Wei, Wei, Zhi-Peng Li, Zhao-Xiang Bian, and Quan-Bin Han. "Astragalus Polysaccharide RAP Induces Macrophage Phenotype Polarization to M1 via the Notch Signaling Pathway." Molecules 24, no. 10 (2019): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24102016.

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Macrophages occur in polarized phenotypes, whose characteristics determine the role they play in tumor growth. The M1 phenotype macrophages promote tumoricidal responses and suppress tumor growth. Our previous study showed that a polysaccharide isolated from Radix Astragali, named RAP, was itself non-cytotoxic but induced RAW264.7 cells’ cytotoxicity against cancer cells. The current study was undertaken to determine its mechanism. Series studies was conducted to show that RAP is able to induce much higher gene expression of M1 markers, including iNOS, IL-6, TNF-a, and CXCL10, compared with the control group. When RAP-induced BMDMs were transplanted together with 4T1 tumor cells in BALB/c mice, both tumor volume and tumor weight decreased. Further studies indicated that RAP induces the Notch signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. The function of Notch signaling in macrophage polarization was confirmed by using γ-secretase inhibitor. These results suggested that Astragalus polysaccharide RAP induces macrophage’s polarization to M1 phenotype via the Notch signaling pathway.

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Wang, Er-Bing, Bao-Fen Jin, Xia Li, et al. "Comparative analysis between aerial parts and roots (Astragali Radix) of astragalus membranaceus by NMR-based metabolomics." Food and Agricultural Immunology 28, no. 6 (2017): 1126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2017.1332007.

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Zhang, Junjie, Yimin Shang, Entao Wang, et al. "Mesorhizobium jarvisii sv. astragali as predominant microsymbiont for Astragalus sinicus L. in acidic soils, Xinyang, China." Plant and Soil 433, no. 1-2 (2018): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3830-3.

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Chen, Hancai, Bei-Guo Long, and Hong-Yu Song. "Exopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of Astragali rhizobia are symbiotically effective on Astragalus sinicus, an indeterminate nodulating host." Plant and Soil 179, no. 2 (1996): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00009331.

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He, Yi. "Review of the Botanical Characteristics, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Anti-Cancer Research Progress of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi)." Theoretical and Natural Science 91, no. 1 (2025): 62–68. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.gu21199.

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Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus), as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been widely used in clinical treatment of various diseases, especially known for its pharmacological effects such as immune regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. In this paper, the botanical characteristics, chemical constituents, pharmacological actions and anticancer research progress of Astragalus astragalus were reviewed. The botanical characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus show that it is mainly distributed in northern China and other Asian regions, with strong growth adaptability, and the common medicinal part is its root. Astragalus Astragalus is rich in a variety of bioactive chemical components, among which Astragalus polysaccharides, flavonoids and Astragalus saponins are the main pharmacological active components, which play an important role in enhancing immunity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection. Astragalus can enhance the body's defense against pathogens by enhancing the function of immune cells such as T cells and NK cells. Astragalus also has significant antioxidant effect by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reducing the damage of oxidative stress on cells. Astragalus also shows anti-inflammatory effects by regulating immune factors, suppressing inflammatory responses and reducing the symptoms of diseases caused by chronic inflammation. In terms of neuroprotection, Astragalus provides protection to the nervous system through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other mechanisms, helping to delay the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Astragalus plays an anticancer role by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing cancer cell apoptosis and reducing tumor angiogenesis. Especially when used in combination with chemotherapy drugs, Astragalus can improve the therapeutic effect and reduce side effects.

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Ghahremaninejad, Farrokh. "Analyses d'ouvrages /Book reviewsMakhoul É. 2012. —Les Astragales. À la découverte de la Flore libanaise.Presses de l'Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, forward by G. & H. Tohmé: 144 p., 275 colour pictures.ISBN: 9953-455-25-2." Adansonia 36, no. 1 (2014): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/a2014n1a12.

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Xu, Wan-huang, Liang Li, Liuming Yang, Hongwu Xin, Beng H. Chong, and Mo Yang. "Astragalus Polysaccharide Promotes Hematopoiesis in an Irradiated Mouse Model and Reduces Apoptosis of Hematopoietic Cells." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 4903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131631.

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Background: Huangqi (the dried root of Radix Astragali) is a notable Chinese herb that has been used to promote hematopoiesis for centuries. Astragalus polysaccharide (ASPS), a bioactive constituent extracted from Radix Astragali, may play an essential role for hematopoiesis. The objective of this study is to investigate the hematopoietic effects of ASPS in mouse models and explore underlying mechanism, which provides scientific basis for future applications. Methods: An irradiation-induced myelosuppressive mouse model and colony-forming unit (CFU) assays were used to determine the in vivo hematopoietic effects of ASPS. The anti-apoptotic effects of ASPS were also examined by using annexin V, caspase-3, and JC-1 assays with flow cytometry in HL-60 cells. Results: In the myelosuppressed mouse model, ASPS enhanced the recovery of platelet and red blood cell at day 21, and white blood cell at day 14. ASPS also promoted the CFU formation of all lineages (MK, GM, E, GEMM and F). Morphological study of bone marrow revealed that as compared to the control group, tri-lineage hematopoiesis was preserved in the ASPS- and TPO-treated group. Overall cellularity (MTC/area) of ASPS-treated group was similar to that of TPO. Furthermore, in-vitro study showed that 100 μg/ml of ASPS had maximum effect on CFU formation. ASPS also reduced apoptosis via inhibiting mitochondrial/Caspase-3 signal pathway. Conclusions: ASPS may promote hematopoiesis in irradiated myelosuppressive mice by enhancing hematopoietic proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of hematopoietic cells. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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