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Journal articles on the topic 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 April 2024

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1

Longair, Malcolm, and Martin Rees. "Geoffrey Ronald Burbidge. 24 September 1925 — 26 January 2010." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 63 (January 2017): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0002.

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Geoffrey (Geoff) Burbidge's career spanned the tumultuous years when astronomy was transformed from a purely optical science to a multi-wavelength discipline through the development of new types of astronomy—radio, X-ray, γ -ray, cosmic ray physics. These offered new astrophysical and cosmological challenges, which he grasped with relish. To all of these disciplines, Geoff, often in collaboration with his wife Margaret Burbidge (FRS 1964), made pioneering contributions, particularly in the areas of the synthesis of the chemical elements, the physics of extragalactic radio sources, the rotation curves of galaxies, the dark matter problem in clusters of galaxies, the physics of accretion discs and the origin of cosmic rays. He also espoused less popular causes such as the non-cosmological nature of the redshifts of quasars and was sceptical about the standard Big Bang picture of the origin of the large-scale structure and dynamics of the Universe. He was a flamboyant and outspoken astrophysicist who challenged his colleagues about their deeply held views on all aspects of astrophysics and cosmology. His service to the community included five years as director of the US Kitt Peak National Observatory, based in Tucson, Arizona, and as a most effective editor of Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics for over 30 years and the Astrophysical Journal.
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Iqbal, M. Sajid. "Gravltational Wave and Astronomy : Probing Physics and Astrophysics." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jan2013/83.

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3

Lindley, David. "Astronomy versus astrophysics." Nature 354, no. 6348 (November 1991): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/354020a0.

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4

Jones, Christine, Noah Brosch, Günther Hasinger, Matthew G. Baring, Martin Adrian Barstow, Joao Braga, Evgenij M. Churazov, et al. "DIVISION D COMMISSION 44: SPACE AND HIGH-ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, T29A (August 2015): 219–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316000788.

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Division XI, the predecessor to Division D until 2012, was formed in 1994 at the IAU General Assembly in The Hague by merging Commission 44 Astronomy from Space and Commission 48 High Energy Astrophysics. Historically, space astrophysics started with the high energy wavelengths (far UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray astronomy) which are only accessible from space. However, in modern astronomy, to study high energy astrophysical processes, almost all wavelengths are used (including gamma-ray, X-ray, UV, optical, infrared, submillimeter and radio). In addition other ground-based facilities, including gravitational wave antennas, neutrino detectors and high-energy cosmic ray arrays are joining in this era of multi-messenger astrophysics, as well as space missions with the primary goals to discover and study exoplanets, are under the umbrella of Division XI.
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Sobouti, Y. "Contemporary Astronomy in Iran – A Status Report." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 2 (1998): 739–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600018657.

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There are of the order of 30 astronomers with research records and another 40-50 with substantial education in astronomy and astrophysics. Geographically, astronomical and astrophysical research is concentrated mainly at Shiraz University (cosmology and photometric observations), Sharif University of Theran (cosmology and gamma-ray astronomy), Tabriz University (binaries and solar physics), Meshad University (binaries and interstellar matter), Zanjan University (stellar dynamics, radio astronomy) and the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan (stellar and stellar systems studies).
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Kingston, A. E. "Astronomy and astrophysics abstracts." Planetary and Space Science 34, no. 7 (July 1986): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(86)90043-7.

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Bell, K. L. "Astronomy and astrophysics abstracts." Planetary and Space Science 37, no. 9 (September 1989): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(89)90089-5.

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8

Bates, D. R. "Astronomy and astrophysics abstracts." Planetary and Space Science 39, no. 6 (June 1991): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(91)90099-v.

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9

Canizares, Claude R., and Blair D. Savage. "Space Astronomy and Astrophysics." Physics Today 44, no. 4 (April 1991): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881306.

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10

Indermuehle, Balthasar T., Michael G. Burton, and Sarah T. Maddison. "History of Astrophysics in Antarctica – A Brief Overview." Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600017846.

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On examining the historical development of astrophysical science at the bottom of the world from the early 20th century until today we find three temporally overlapping eras of which each has a rather distinct beginning. These are the eras of Astrogeology, High Energy Astrophysics and Photon Astronomy.
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11

Cidale, Lydia S. "Jorge Sahade: First Latin American IAU President." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000243.

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AbstractProf. Jorge Sahade (1915–2012) was the first Latin American President of the International Astronomical Union (1985–1988). From then on, he had a very active participation as president, vice-president, and organizing committee member of several Commissions and Divisions of the IAU, related to stellar astrophysics and exchange of astronomers. Prof. J. Sahade was born in Argentina and was one of the first students graduated in astronomy at the National University of La Plata. He served as director of the Astronomical Observatory of Córdoba (1953–1955) and of the Observatory of La Plata (1968–1969). He was the first Dean of the Faculty of Exact Sciences of the National University of La Plata. He promoted the purchase of a 2.15-m diameter telescope, today located in the Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito, San Juan, Argentina. He founded the Institute of Astronomy and Physics of Space (IAFE) in Buenos Aires and was its first director (1971–1974). He was also director of the “Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales” (the Argentina Space Activity Agency) and promoted the inclusion of Argentina as a partnership of the Gemini Observatory. Prof. Sahade also focused on the development of the astronomy in Latin America and this led to the creation of the “Liga Latinoamericana de Astronomía” (nowadays LIADA).His research field was interacting binary systems and he published about 150 papers, among them is the well-known discovery of the “Struve-Sahade effect”. I met him when he was 70 years old; he was a very enthusiastic astronomer, who travellled everywhere to promote the astronomy in Latin America (Argentina, Perú, Honduras). Among his last dreams was the creation of a Latin American Institute to develop and enhance astrophysics in South and Central America, the revival of UV astronomy and many more impressive works that he would have liked to end and publish.
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12

Cardoso, Jorge, Décio Martins, Helmuth Malonek, and Carlos Fiolhais. "Manuel dos Reis e a Astronomia em Portugal de 1930 a 1970." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (December 29, 2019): 550–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20p550-567.

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Resumo Descreve-se a evolução do Observatório Astronómico da Universidade de Coimbra de 1930 a 1970, destacando- se o exercício das funções de diretor por Manuel dos Reis (1900-1992), de 1934 a 1970. Fonte primordial é o espólio documental de Manuel dos Reis à guarda do Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra, que inclui programas, lições, problemas, exames, estudos e notas, e outros manuscritos sobre História da Astronomia, Astronomia (Geral, Mecânica, Esférica e Geodésica), Astronomia Medieval, e Astronomia Náutica dos Descobrimentos. Engloba ainda listas bibliográficas, rascunhos das comunicações e discursos sobre Astronomia Náutica proferidos na Academia das Ciências de Lisboa. Apresenta-se, em particular, um documento datilografado, inédito, provavelmente da década de 30, com o título “Reorganização do ensino da Astronomia e da investigação astronómica”, onde Reis, após descrever brevemente a história da Astronomia, refere a Astrofísica como o “novo capítulo da Astronomia”, e reflete sobre o ensino e investigação da Astronomia, e sobre o funcionamento dos Observatórios Astronómicos de Coimbra e de Lisboa (Tapada da Ajuda), e do Observatório Meteorológico do Porto (Serra do Pilar).Palavras-chave: História da Astronomia em Portugal; Astrofísica, Observatório Astronómico da Universidade de Coimbra. Abstract The evolution of the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra from 1930 to 1970 is described, highlighting Manuel dos Reis (1900-1992) role as director from 1934 to 1970. Main source is the collection of Manuel dos Reis documentation in the Archive of the University of Coimbra, which includes programs, lessons, problems, exams, studies and notes and other manuscripts on the History of Astronomy, Astronomy (General, Mechanical, Spherical and Geodesical), Medieval Astronomy, Nautical Astronomy of the Portuguese Discoveries. It also includes lists of bibliographical references, minutes of communications and speeches on Nautical Astronomy delivered at the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon. A typewritten, unpublished document, with the title "Reorganization of the teaching of astronomy and astronomical investigation”, probabbly from the 1930s, is presented. Reis, after a brief description of the history of Astronomy, describes Astrophysics as the "new chapter of Astronomy", reflects on the teaching and research on Astronomy, and on the operation of the Astronomical Observatories of Coimbra and Lisbon (Tapada da Ajuda), and the Meteorological Observatory of OPorto (Serra do Pilar). Keywords: History of Astronomy in Portugal; Astrophysics; Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra.
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13

Murase, Kohta, and Imre Bartos. "High-Energy Multimessenger Transient Astrophysics." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 69, no. 1 (October 19, 2019): 477–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023510.

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The recent discoveries of high-energy cosmic neutrinos and gravitational waves from astrophysical objects have led to a new era of multimessenger astrophysics. In particular, electromagnetic follow-up observations triggered by these cosmic signals have proved to be highly successful and have brought about new opportunities in time-domain astronomy. We review high-energy particle production in various classes of astrophysical transient phenomena related to black holes and neutron stars, and discuss how high-energy emission can be used to reveal the underlying physics of neutrino and gravitational-wave sources.
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14

KIM, Chunglee, Hee Suk CHO, Hyung Won LEE, Chang-Hwan LEE, Hyun Kyu LEE, and Gungwon KANG. "Gravitational Wave Astronomy and Astrophysics." Physics and High Technology 25, no. 3 (March 16, 2016): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.25.011.

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15

CANIZARES, C. R. "High-Tech Astronomy: Observational Astrophysics." Science 244, no. 4906 (May 19, 1989): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.244.4906.851.

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16

Stankus, Tony. "Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Space Sciences." Serials Librarian 27, no. 2-3 (April 8, 1996): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j123v27n02_04.

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17

Kernohan, James C. "Encyclopedia of astronomy and astrophysics." Physics Teacher 27, no. 7 (October 1989): 571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2342876.

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18

Halzen, Francis, and Spencer R. Klein. "Astronomy and astrophysics with neutrinos." Physics Today 61, no. 5 (May 2008): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2930733.

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19

Liddle, Andrew R. "The astronomy and astrophysics encyclopaedia." Endeavour 16, no. 4 (December 1992): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(92)90051-p.

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20

KIM*, Chunglee, Hee Suk CHO†, Gungwon KANG, Hyung Won LEE, Chang-Hwan LEE, and Hyun Kyu LEE. "Gravitational-wave Astronomy and Astrophysics." New Physics: Sae Mulli 66, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/npsm.66.293.

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21

Harutyunian, Hayk A. "Astronomical education in Armenia." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, SPS5 (August 2006): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307006953.

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AbstractAstronomy pupils in Armenia get their first ideas on astronomy at elementary schools. Astronomy as a distinct subject is taught at all secondary schools in the country. Teaching is conducted according to a unified program elaborated jointly by professional astronomers and astronomy teachers. Unfortunately only one hour per week is allotted for teaching astronomy, which obviously is not enough workload to hire specialized astronomy teachers at every school, and at many schools this subject is tutored by non-specialists. Many schools partly compensate this lack of teachers by organizing visits to the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) for pupils, where they also attend short lectures on astronomy. In some schools optional training in astronomy is organized by amateurs, for the purpose of a deeper understanding in astronomy.During recent years annual competitions for revealing gifted pupils in astronomy have been organized. These competitions have three rounds, namely, in schools, in districts and the final round is, as a rule, held at BAO. The national winners successfully participate in and win prestigious prizes at international astronomical Olympiads as well.At Yerevan State University (YSU) there is a department for astrophysics, which was set up in 1946 and is operating to date. This department trains specialists for a career in astrophysics. Only one or two students graduate from this department yearly at present, while in the 1980s a dozen specialists were trained every year. BAO serves as the scientific base for the students of YSU as well, and a number of staff members from BAO conduct special courses for YSU students. YSU provides a Master's degree in astrophysics, and BAO is granting a Doctor's (PhD) degree since the 1970s.
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22

Longair, Malcolm. "Radio astronomy and the rise of high-energy astrophysics two anniversaries." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 02 (January 2019): 1930004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819300040.

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This paper celebrates the 100th anniversary of the birth of Martin Ryle and the 50th anniversary of the discovery of pulsars by Jocelyn Bell and Antony Hewish. Ryle and Hewish received the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physics, the first in the area of astrophysics. Their interests strongly overlapped, one of the key papers on the practical implementation of the technique of aperture synthesis being co-authored by Ryle and Hewish. The discovery of pulsars and the roles played by Hewish and Bell are described. These key advances were at the heart of the dramatic rise of high-energy astrophysics in the 1960s and led to the realization that general relativity is central to the understanding of high-energy astrophysical phenomena.
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23

Lépine-Szily, Alinka, and Pierre Descouvemont. "Nuclear astrophysics: nucleosynthesis in the Universe." International Journal of Astrobiology 11, no. 4 (May 9, 2012): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550412000158.

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AbstractNuclear astrophysics is a relatively young science; it is about half a century old. It is a multidisciplinary subject, since it combines nuclear physics with astrophysics and observations in astronomy. It also addresses fundamental issues in astrobiology through the formation of elements, in particular those required for a carbon-based life. In this paper, a rapid overview of nucleosynthesis is given, mainly from the point of view of nuclear physics. A short historical introduction is followed by the definition of the relevant nuclear parameters, such as nuclear reaction cross sections, astrophysical S-factors, the energy range defined by the Gamow peak and reaction rates. The different astrophysical scenarios that are the sites of nucleosynthesis, and different processes, cycles and chains that are responsible for the building of complex nuclei from the elementary hydrogen nuclei are then briefly described.
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24

Yang, A., S. C. Cindy Ng, Q. Leong, M. H. Tan, P. Agarwal, Z. Ong, H. W. Ang, and A. H. Chan. "Practical Astronomy Education at the National University of Singapore (NUS)." Physics Educator 01, no. 01 (March 2019): 1950004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661339519500045.

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Singapore is not known for astronomy research. However, the interest in astronomy has grown since the 1990s, when more educational institutions and observatories were built to equip students with the skills and knowledge in astronomy. The National University of Singapore (NUS) currently has a strong and rigorous astronomy and astrophysics programme that leads to an astrophysics specialization within the physics B.Sc. degree as well as four general education modules in astronomy and astrophysics. As experimental data is the final arbiter of any scientific theory, we emphasize the practical aspects of astronomy in this programme. We also have a state-of-the-art observatory equipped with a robotic telescope and a planetarium for tutorials. This paper outlines the philosophy, pedagogy and approach of how our NUS team has achieved a very successful undergraduate astronomy and astrophysics for aspiring Singaporean youth.
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Okuda, Haruyuki, Gunther Hasinger, M. D. Arnaud, S. Bludman, J. Braga, N. Brosch, L. Gurvits, et al. "Commission 44: Space & High Energy Astrophysics." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 1, T26A (December 2005): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306004777.

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Division XI was born by merging Commission 44 “Space and High Energy Astrophysics” and Commission 48 “High Energy Astrophysics” by the decision at the IAU General Assembly in The Hague (1994). As the naming of space astronomy is technique oriented, i.e. astronomy from space, it covers quite a wide range of astronomy, almost all branches of astronomy are included by the progress of space observations. Historically, it started from high energy astronomy, UV, X, and gamma rays astronomy, somewhat including cosmic ray physics. However, in these days, space observations have expanded to low energy astronomy, such as optical, infrared, submillimeter and even radio waves(Space VLBI).
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Doran, Rosa, Lina Canas, Sara Anjos, Thilina Heenatigala, João Retrê, José Afonso, and Ana Alves. "Portuguese Language Expertise Center for the OAD." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (August 2015): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316003525.

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AbstractSupporting the use of astronomy as a tool for development in specific regions and languages, the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Office of Astronomy for Development (OAD) has established a Portuguese ‘Language Expertise Centre for the OAD’ (PLOAD), hosted at Núcleo Interactivo de Astronomia (NUCLIO), in collaboration with the Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences (IA) in Portugal. The centre is one of the new coordinating offices announced at the IAU General Assembly in Honolulu, Hawaii on 13 August 2015.
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Bravo-Alfaro, Hector. "An Undergraduate Program for Astronomy in México." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000614.

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Astronomy in México has an ancient tradition, reinforced during the twentieth century by groups working in theoretical and observational astronomy. During the 1990s, the Great Millimeter Telescope (a single 50-m antenna) has been approved, and a 6-m infrared telescope is under study. Graduate and undergraduate programs must be improved to prepare future Mexican and Latin American astronomers to take advantage of these facilities. To meet the challenge, two traditional Mexican programs (Instituto de Astronomia-UNAM and Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica-INAOE) are updating their graduate programs. Similarly, the Departamento de Astronomía de la Universidad de Guanajuato is joining physicists in the first undergraduate program in México in physics and engineering with an option in astrophysics. This will prepare students for industry, academia or national laboratories, either in physics or astronomy. Jobs in academia have been scarce; many students had to give up their goals after one or two postdoctoral positions. Graduate and undergraduate programs must adjust, by broadening the scope of present programs so that students are better prepared for other job opportunities. We present a B.Sc. program designed by astronomers and physicists to try to address some of these concerns and to prepare the students for either continuing with graduate studies or finding employment in an ever-changing job market. (Co-author is Victor Migenes, Guamajato, México.)
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Carias, M. C. Pineda De. "Education and Research in Astronomy in Central America." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 2 (1998): 885–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600019018.

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Recently, important efforts have been made to organize and consolidate the Assembly of Central American Astronomers (AAAC), an organization created to contribute to the development of astronomy and astrophysics in Central America, with the help of international cooperation; the Central American Courses in Astronomy and Astrophysics, have been hosted each year by a different national university in Central America (1995: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, 1996: Universidad de El Salvador, 1997: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, and 1998: Universidad de Panama). These courses aimed to provide an exchange of knowledge and experience among university staff and students interested in continuing studies in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Regional Observational Campaigns have been organized to train young astronomers in the use of astronomical equipment and observational techniques. It seems that the broad development of astronomy and astrophysics in Central American as a whole, will be possible only when nuclei of astronomers in each of the countries concerned begin to develop many more activities, countries As part of the III Central American Course on Astronomy and Astrophysics (III-CURCAA, April 1997, Guatemala), in a forum about Education and Research in Astronomy in Central America, several important conclusions were stated. In this paper we present the six most relevant conclusions discussed there.
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29

Tesh, Sarah. "Ask me anything: Moiya McTier." Physics World 36, no. 7 (July 1, 2023): 47ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/36/07/31.

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Moiya McTier is an astrophysicist, science communicator and author in New York City, US. She was the first person at Harvard University to major in both astrophysics and folklore, and in 2021 became the first Black woman to get a PhD from the astronomy programme at Columbia University. In 2022 McTier published her first book, The Milky Way: an Autobiography of our Galaxy.
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Saxena, P. P. "Teaching of Astronomy in India: With Special Reference to Teaching of Astronomy at Lucknow University." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 105 (1990): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100087352.

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Modern astronomy started in India when an astronomical observatory was founded in Madras as early as 1786 by the East India Company and to which the Indian Institute of Astrophysics traces its origin. There are, however, records of astronomical observations taken through a telescope from Pondicherry that elucidate the double-star nature of Alpha-Centauri as early as in 1689. Since then many more research centers in astronomy have been established. Today, institutions like the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (Bangalore), the Raman Research Institute (Bangalore), the Center of Advanced Study in Astronomy (Hyderabad), the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (Bombay), and the Physical Research Laboratory (Ahmedabad) are engaged in pioneering work in theoretical and observational branches of astronomy and astrophysics.
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Longair, M. S. "The Astrophysics of the Future." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 123 (1990): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100077381.

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It is with some trepidation that I set down these thoughts. The history of physics and astronomy is littered with pontifications about the future, most of which simply end up embarrassing their authors. There are many projects which can be regarded as very safe bets but these might not be the ones which totally transform the nature of the discipline. The situation is analogous to that in the early 1950s when extragalactic astronomy simply meant optical astronomy since there was no other way of carrying out such studies – few would regard that as an adequate position nowadays. Similarly, it is difficult nowadays to imagine cosmology without the Microwave Background Radiation. Thus, the problem for the prognosticator is to tread the narrow line between science fiction and a simple extrapolation of what we do now with our facilities. It is in the spirit of this meeting to concentrate upon space observatories but I believe that it is instructive to look at the whole of astronomy, both from space and from the ground.
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Soonthornthum, B., and C. Kunjaya. "International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics." European Journal of Physics 32, no. 4 (June 16, 2011): S15—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/32/4/s02.

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33

Charbonneau, P. "Genetic Algorithms in Astronomy and Astrophysics." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 101 (December 1995): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/192242.

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Ryan, J. M. "Astrophysics challenges of MeV-astronomy instrumentation." New Astronomy Reviews 48, no. 1-4 (February 2004): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.052.

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35

Zealey, W. J. "Astronomy and Astrophysics: a Targeted Approach." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 9, no. 1 (1991): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000025558.

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AbstractAstronomy and astrophysics subjects at the University of Wollongong are seen as a vehicle for emphasising and clarifying concepts in the physics degree course. They also serve to introduce both undergraduate and postgraduate students to skills in computing and instrumentation not encountered in traditional subjects.
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36

Bradley, Sean. "Astronomy and astrophysics abstracts vol. 43." Planetary and Space Science 36, no. 6 (June 1988): 629–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(88)90032-3.

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37

Bertout, C. "Astronomy & Astrophysics: an international journal." EAS Publications Series 49 (2011): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eas/1149001.

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Melia, Fulvio. "Welcome to a new, international open-access research journal with a particular focus on the development of theoretical and experimental techniques and methodology." Astronomy Studies Development 1, no. 1 (April 29, 2011): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/705.

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I have recently had the privilege of being appointed Editor-in-Chief of this very exciting and innovative Open Access Journal, and hereby extend a warm welcome to everyone as we launch Astronomy Studies Development, which will seek to publish high quality, peer-reviewed, original manuscripts in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics, though with a particular focus on mathematical techniques and methodology and innovative ideas for instrumental development and modeling in astronomy and astrophysics. The journal will also seek to publish simulations in all areas, including cosmology, particle astrophysics, accretion, and diffuse media. Our journal will include both full length research articles and letter articles, and its coverage extends over solar, stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy and astrophysics, and will report original research in all wavelength bands. Astronomy and Astrophysics are rather mature disciplines, with a history of quality journals over the past century or more. So one may reasonably ask why a new journal such as this is needed. Obviously, I myself have answered this question in the affirmative. After a long career in research and publishing, I have the perspective to provide several good reasons for helping to promote the evolution of publishing in Astronomy and Astrophysics to a place more in line with present technology..........
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39

Melia, Fulvio. "Welcome to a new, international open-access research journal with a particular focus on the development of theoretical and experimental techniques and methodology." Astronomy Studies Development 1, no. 1 (April 29, 2011): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/asd.2011.705.

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I have recently had the privilege of being appointed Editor-in-Chief of this very exciting and innovative Open Access Journal, and hereby extend a warm welcome to everyone as we launch Astronomy Studies Development, which will seek to publish high quality, peer-reviewed, original manuscripts in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics, though with a particular focus on mathematical techniques and methodology and innovative ideas for instrumental development and modeling in astronomy and astrophysics. The journal will also seek to publish simulations in all areas, including cosmology, particle astrophysics, accretion, and diffuse media. Our journal will include both full length research articles and letter articles, and its coverage extends over solar, stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy and astrophysics, and will report original research in all wavelength bands. Astronomy and Astrophysics are rather mature disciplines, with a history of quality journals over the past century or more. So one may reasonably ask why a new journal such as this is needed. Obviously, I myself have answered this question in the affirmative. After a long career in research and publishing, I have the perspective to provide several good reasons for helping to promote the evolution of publishing in Astronomy and Astrophysics to a place more in line with present technology..........
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40

Melia, Fulvio. "Welcome to a new, international open-access research journal with a particular focus on the development of theoretical and experimental techniques and methodology." Astronomy Studies Development 1, no. 1 (April 29, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/asd.2011.e1.

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I have recently had the privilege of being appointed Editor-in-Chief of this very exciting and innovative Open Access Journal, and hereby extend a warm welcome to everyone as we launch Astronomy Studies Development, which will seek to publish high quality, peer-reviewed, original manuscripts in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics, though with a particular focus on mathematical techniques and methodology and innovative ideas for instrumental development and modeling in astronomy and astrophysics. The journal will also seek to publish simulations in all areas, including cosmology, particle astrophysics, accretion, and diffuse media. Our journal will include both full length research articles and letter articles, and its coverage extends over solar, stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy and astrophysics, and will report original research in all wavelength bands. Astronomy and Astrophysics are rather mature disciplines, with a history of quality journals over the past century or more. So one may reasonably ask why a new journal such as this is needed. Obviously, I myself have answered this question in the affirmative. After a long career in research and publishing, I have the perspective to provide several good reasons for helping to promote the evolution of publishing in Astronomy and Astrophysics to a place more in line with present technology..........
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41

Hearnshaw, J. B. "Astrophysics in the 1890s – The Dawn of a New Age in Astronomy." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 176 (2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100056979.

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AbstractThe Konkoly Observatory was established as a public institution in Hungary in 1899, when Nicholas von Konkoly Thege (1842–1916) bequethed his private observatory at Ógyalla to the state. Konkoly himself was one of the pioneers in the new science of astrophysics, and he was an expert in astronomical instruments used for photometry and spectroscopy.In this paper I review, from a global perspective, the 1890s decade as ten years of prodigious achievements in stellar astronomy, with many huge programmes being launched and undertaken in spectral classification, radial velocities, photometry and astrometry. New astrophysical observatories were founded in America and Europe and new large telescopes designed and built, and the first international conferences were held in astronomy.Astrophysics was still a largely qualitative science in the 1890s, but this was soon to change in the early years of the present century. I review the development of astrophysics in the 1890s, its interaction with new discoveries in physics, and comment on some of the large projects in stellar photometry, spectroscopy and astrometry and especially the influence of photography on observational astrophysics. The place of Nicholas von Konkoly in this overall endeavour is discussed and I pay tribute to his considerable influence and to the observatory he founded. A century of state-funded astronomy in Hungary has been the result.
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42

Anandaram, Mandayam N. "Teaching of Astronomy in India." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000651.

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Here I will describe the inclusion of astronomy and astrophysics in College level courses of Bangalore University. I will describe the role of the Inter -University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) at Pune in making available instruments such as photometers and CCD cameras at low cost to aid teaching of astronomy as well as the running of a large number of training programmes for teachers and students. I will also describe some outstanding problems and suggested solutions.
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43

Minier, Vincent, Gilles Durand, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, and M. Talvard. "CAMISTIC: THz/submm astronomy at Dome C in Antarctica." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, no. 14 (August 2006): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307012367.

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Submillimetre (submm) astronomy is the prime technique to unveil the birth and early evolution of a broad range of astrophysical objects. It is a relatively new branch of observational astrophysics which focuses on studies of the cold Universe, i.e., objects radiating a significant – if not dominant – fraction of their energy at wavelengths ranging from ∼ 100 μm to ∼ 1 mm. Submm continuum observations are particularly powerful to measure the luminosities, temperatures and masses of cold dust emitting objects. Examples of such objects include star-forming clouds in our Galaxy, prestellar cores and deeply embedded protostars, protoplanetary disks around young stars, as well as nearby starburst galaxies and dust-enshrouded high-redshift galaxies in the early Universe.
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44

Frey, Katie, and Alberto Accomazzi. "The Unified Astronomy Thesaurus: Semantic Metadata for Astronomy and Astrophysics." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 236, no. 1 (May 11, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aab760.

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45

Wang, Jingxiu. "Astronomy Research in China." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000778.

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AbstractDecades of efforts made by Chinese astronomers have established some basic facilities for astronomy observations, such as the 2.16-m optical telescope, the solar magnetic-field telescope, the 13.7-m millimeter-wave radio telescope etc. One mega-science project, the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), intended for astronomical and astrophysical studies requiring wide fields and large samples, has been initiated and funded.To concentrate the efforts on mega-science projects, to operate and open the national astronomical facilities in a more effective way, and to foster the best astronomers and research groups, the National Astronomical Observatories (NAOs) has been coordinated and organizated. Four research centers, jointly sponsored by observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and universities, have been established. Nine principal research fields have received enhanced support at NAOs. They are: large-scale structure of universe, formation and evolution of galaxies, high-energy and cataclysmic processes in astrophysics, star formation and evolution, solar magnetic activity and heliogeospace environment, astrogeodynamics, dynamics of celestial bodies in the solar system and artificial bodies, space-astronomy technology, and new astronomical techniques and methods.
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46

Valls-Gabaud, David, and Alexander Boksenberg. "The role of astronomy in society and culture." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002079.

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AbstractAs an ancient and multidisciplinary field, astronomy is an ambassador for all sciences. Astronomy's broad appeal, whether from its cultural interest of our place in the universe, or its practical aims such as sea- or space navigation, is well recorded in history from ancient to modern times, and sky-awareness, more generally, began prehistorically. Astronomy's perceived role and purpose has continually developed over the ages. In all, astronomy is not to be viewed as a narrow subject operating in isolation but one that has contributed comprehensively to the advancement of society.
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47

Bigg, Charlotte. "Travelling Scientist, Circulating Images and the Making of the Modern Scientific Journal." Nuncius 30, no. 3 (2015): 675–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03003002.

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The early astrophysicist Norman Lockyer was both editor of the journal Nature from its creation in 1869 and for the following five decades, and an early practioner of the new astronomy. He frequently used the journal to expound his scientific theories, report on his work and send news home while on expeditions. I look into the particular visual culture of astrophysics developed by Lockyer in Nature, its evolution at a time of rapid development both of the techniques of astrophysical observation and visualization and of the techniques of image reproduction in print. A study of the use and reuse of visual materials in different settings also makes it possible to sketch the circulating economy of Lockyer’s images and the ways in which he put himself forward as a scientist, at a time when he was advocating the State support of research and scientists and helping create the modern scientific journal.
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48

Neupane, Sudeep. "An exemplary developing astronomy movement in Nepal." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314012174.

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AbstractAstronomy and space science education had been given least importance by Nepalese government in the past. The modern astronomy movement is believed to have started when an official observation programme of Haley's comet was organized by Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (RONAST) in 1986. Following the huge pressure from the scientific community, the Nepal government (Kingdom of Nepal at that time) established B.P. Koirala Memorial Planetarium, Observatory and Science Museum Development Board in 1992. Initiatives of the project started with observatory set up and the development of astrophysics syllabus for university students. Astrophysics is included as an elective paper in the Physics masters course. The lead astrophysicist of Nepal Dr. Binil Aryal is running a research group in Tribhuvan University since 2005 which has a significant number of international publications. The developing government initiatives and achievements will be discussed.In 2007, a group of astronomy enthusiastic students along with amateurs working independently in past established Nepal Astronomical Society (NASO), which surprisingly increased the amateur activities and inspired other amateur groups to revive. During IYA 2009, more than 80 outreach and observation events were organized solely by NASO. NASO was able to collaborate with many international programmes and projects like GHOU/GTTP, EurAstro, AWB, UNAWE, SGAC, Star Peace, TWAN etc during and beyond IYA2009. Currently Nepal is recognized as the most eventful country of outreach and astronomy education among the amateur community. The success story of the astronomy movement and the local difficulties while organizing the events will be explained.
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49

STAMATIKOS, MICHAEL. "GRB ASTROPHYSICS IN THE SWIFT ERA AND BEYOND." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 10 (October 2009): 1567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809015631.

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Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) are relativistic cosmological beacons of transient high energy radiation whose afterglows span the electromagnetic spectrum. Theoretical expectations of correlated neutrino emission position GRBs at an astrophysical nexus for a metamorphosis in our understanding of the Cosmos. This new dawn in the era of experimental (particle) astrophysics and cosmology is afforded by current facilities enabling the novel astronomy of high energy neutrinos, in concert with unprecedented electromagnetic coverage. In that regard, GRBs represent a compelling scientific theme that may facilitate fundamental breakthroughs in the context of Swift, Fermi and IceCube. Scientific synergy will be achieved by leveraging the combined sensitivity of contemporaneous ground-based and satellite observatories, thus optimizing their collective discovery potential. Hence, the advent of GRB multi-messenger astronomy may cement an explicit connection to fundamental physics, via nascent cosmic windows, throughout the next decade.
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50

Blandford, R. D. "The Phenomena of High Energy Astrophysics." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 214 (2003): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900194124.

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A brief summary of some highlights in the study of high energy astrophysical sources over the past decade is presented. It is argued that the great progress that has been made derives largely from the application of new technology to observation throughout all of the electromagnetic and other spectra and that, on this basis, the next decade should be even more exciting. However, it is imperative to observe cosmic sources throughout these spectra in order to obtain a full understanding of their properties. In addition, it is necessary to learn the universal laws that govern the macroscopic and the microscopic behavior of cosmic plasma over a great range of physical conditions by combining observations of different classes of source. These two injunctions are illustrated by discussions of cosmology, hot gas, supernova remnants and explosions, neutron stars, black holes and ultrarelativistic outflows. New interpreations of the acceleration of Galactic cosmic rays, the cooling of hot gas in rich clusters and the nature of ultrarelativistic outflows are outlined. The new frontiers of VHE γ-ray astronomy, low frequency radio astronomy, neutrino astronomy, UHE cosmic ray physics and gravitational wave astronomy are especially promising.
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