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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Astrophysical ices'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 January 2025

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Dissly, Richard W. Anicich Vincent G. Anicich Vincent G. Allen Mark Andrew. "Laboratory studies of astrophysical ices /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1995. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-10312007-083146.

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2

Dawes, Anita. "Spectroscopic study of photon, ion and electron stimulated molecular synthesis in astrophysical ices." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://oro.open.ac.uk/40046/.

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The universe is a vast chemical and physical factory consisting of large collections of stars, gas and dust. Energetic processing of ices and subsequent molecular synthesis in astrophysical environments, including icy Solar System bodies and grain mantles in the interstellar medium, are responsible for the observation of some of the molecular species found in space. Gas phase processes alone cannot explain the reaction mechanisms and the observed abundances of some of these molecules. This thesis reviews the current state of knowledge on solid state molecular synthesis in astrophysical ices an

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3

Bychkova, Anna. "Energetic iοn prοcessing οf arοmatic mοlecules in the sοlid phase". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC236.

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Dans les nuages denses, les manteaux glacés sont des condensats de petites molécules sur des grains solides. Ces manteaux glacés représentent des sites prometteurs pour certains processus chimiques. Ils sont constamment irradiés et de nouvelles molécules organiques complexes peuvent être ainsi formées. Une fois que les nuages denses se transforment en disque d'accrétion et, éventuellement, en système planétaire, ces manteaux glacés peuvent potentiellement contribuer au réservoir de molécules complexes des planètes. Dans cette thèse, les effets de l'irradiation ionique sur deux molécules aromat

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4

Holtom, Philip Derek. "Irradiation studies of astrophysical ice analogues." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444790/.

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In this thesis the formation of molecular species in cold icy mantles, typical of those in the interstellar medium (ISM) has been studied. The construction of an ultra high vacuum system for the formation and containment of these astrophysical ice analogues is described. The method of preparation of these ices is detailed and analysis methodologies are discussed. VUV spectra of molecular ices (e.g. SO2, CH3NH2, OCS) measured on the UV1 beam line of the Astrid Synchrotron facility at the University of Aarhus in Denmark, are presented. Molecular synthesis (e.g. CO3, CO, H2CO3) induced by ion irr

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5

Korsmeyer, Julie. "Anthracroronene in Astrophysical Water-Ice Analogs." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1413.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most abundant large organic molecules in space. They are thought to be the main contributor to the unidentified infrared (UIR) emission bands from the interstellar medium (ISM) for several reasons: UIR intensities correspond to carbon abundance, indicating the presence of a carbon-based molecule; UIRs are found in extremely harsh environments which means the source must be a stable molecule. The most important evidence is if the bands in mid-infrared (MIR) or 'fingerprint' region match those of PAHs. Through the infrared spectroscopy of matrix-is

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6

Ding, Jing-Jie. "Irradiation of water ice and astrophysical implication." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2056.

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Les glaces sont présentes dans notre système solaire par exemple sur les comètes, les lunes de Jupiter et de Saturne ainsi que sur les objets trans-neptuniens. Dans le milieu interstellaire, ces glaces forment une fine couche à la surface de grains des nuages denses. L’eau (H2O) est la molécule la plus abondante dans ces glaces. Ces glaces sont constamment exposées aux rayons cosmiques, au vent solaire et aux ions piégés dans la magnétosphère des planètes géantes. Les simulations de ce type d’irradiation associées aux observations peuvent nous amener à comprendre la grande variété des processu

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7

SanfeÌlix, Maria Jose Cabrera. "Molecular modelling of water ice in atmospheric and astrophysical environments." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415664.

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8

Hettlage, Christian. "Lepton production in ice by scattering of astrophysical neutrinos at high energies." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2005/hettlage.

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9

Muntean, E. A. "Low energy ion irradiation of astrophysical ice analogues : sputtering and molecule formation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680064.

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The work presented in this thesis is an experimental investigation into the sputtering of oxygen and water ice by 4 ke V ions under conditions existing in the Interstellar Medium (ISM). This work is divided into two main parts : 1) sputtering of oxygen ice by singly and doubly charged ions He+, Ar+, C+, N+ ,0, C2+, N2+ and 0 2+ and 2) sputtering of water ice by C+, N+, 0+, C2+, N2+ and 0 2+. The experimental sputter yield obtained for both oxygen and water ice is compared with those from a theoretical obtained model and found to be in reasonable agreement within the experimental errors. For ox

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10

Dupuy, Rémi. "Photon and electron induced desorption from molecular ices Spectrally-resolved UV photodesorption of CH4 in pure and layered ices The efficient photodesorption of nitric oxide (NO) ices : a laboratory astrophysics study X-ray photodesorption from water ice in protoplanetary disks and X-ray-dominated regions." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS068.

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L’excitation électronique de molécules condensées sur des surfaces froides (10-100 K) peut mener à la désorption de certaines de ces molécules. Ce processus fondamental a des conséquences dans de nombreuses disciplines, dont deux ont guidé ce travail : l’astrochimie et la dynamique du vide dans les accélérateurs. La désorption induite par photons et électrons est étudiée pour des films amorphes de molécules condensées (glaces) telles que CO, H2O, NO ou CH4. Un objectif de cette thèse est la quantification de la désorption des différentes espèces, et d’explorer les paramètres pouvant affecter l

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11

Mastrapa, Rachel Michelle Elizabeth. "Water ice and radiation in the solar system." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290041.

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Infrared detection of water ice phase can reveal the temperature and radiation history of a surface. In this dissertation, I will describe and quantify the process of amorphization of crystalline ice through lab experiments and computer simulations. I will then show how these measurements can be applied to ground based observations. The amorphous phase of solid water forms at temperatures less than 130 K, and converts to crystalline ice at 135 K in an exothermic and irreversible reaction. The amorphous and crystalline phases have distinctive spectra in the infrared. However, ion irradiation of

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12

Accolla, Mario. "Experimental Investigation on the Morphology of Interstellar Ice Analogues." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609347.

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Spectroscopic observations of cold and dense interstellar clouds show the presence of "dirty ice" mantles on dust grains, mainly composed by water molecules. These ices are enriched by the presence of other simple species that are either formed by surface reactions or accreted from the gas phase. While there is quite a general consensus that interstellar water ice is mainly amorphous, its morphology (porous or compact) still remains poorly known. Morphology is important due to its influence both on the catalytic efficiency of grain surfaces and on the release to the grain of the fraction of th

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13

Modica, Paola. "From astrophysics to astrobiology : significance of laboratory organic residues from photo-irradiation of cosmic ice analogs." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112329/document.

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Les expériences de laboratoire ont montré que la photo-irradiation ultraviolette d'analogues de glaces astrophysiques suivie de leur réchauffement à température ambiante mène à la formation de résidus organiques réfractaires. Ces résidus, solubles dans l'eau, consistent en un riche mélange de composés organiques incluant entre autres des acides aminés, molécules potentiellement importantes pour la chimie prébiotique. Ces résidus sont considérés comme des analogues de la matière organique réfractaire que l'on pense être synthétisée sur les grains de poussière dans les nuages moléculaires et/ou

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14

Dai, Wei. "Gas trapping in amorphous water ice: A theoretical and experimental approach." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284175.

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The solar system began with the collapse of a dense molecular cloud, which is rich in atoms, dust grains and diverse molecules. The complexity of different physical and chemical processes which happened during the formation of the early solar system constitute a major topic within our scientific community, even though a complete model of the solar nebula including all such processes has not been constructed. This thesis deals with some of these chemical and physical processes and consists of two phases. In the first phase of my work, I have studied the heating of water-ice grains during infall

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15

Pope, Shelly Kay. "Laboratory measurements of the single-scattering properties of ammonia ice crystals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185372.

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This work presents scattering measurements and photographs of ammonia ice crystals grown at temperatures from 130 to 180 Kelvins. The prime candidate for the material making up the visible clouds of Jupiter and Saturn is ammonia ice. Spacecraft observations of these planets have constrained the single-scattering properties of the cloud particles. To further investigate the nature of these particles, ammonia ice crystals were grown under conditions simulating the atmosphere of Jupiter and Saturn. The experimental apparatus used to make these measurements includes a glass-walled cylindrical cham

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16

Benson, Jennifer Lynn. "Properties of Water Ice Clouds over Major Martian Volcanoes Observed by MOC." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1163799718.

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17

Déry, Francis. "Interannual and intraseasonal variability of the ice cover in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, 1963-1990." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56975.

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Using a dataset of weekly ice cover in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the intraseasonal and interannual variabilities of the mean ice cover fraction were investigated over the Gulf and six of its subregions for the 1963-90 period. Climatological seasonal cycles were calculated by averaging the weekly ice cover fraction means over the sampling period. The interannual variability was investigated using seasonal and monthly means. The major findings are the positive trend of the seasonal means and the prominence of variability at the interdecadal scale (12-15 yr).<br>Relationships with runoff, monthly

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18

Poteet, Charles Allen. "Characterizing Dust and Ice Toward Protostars in the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1341606610.

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19

Whitehead, Samuel Robert. "On the Properties of Ice at the IceCube Neutrino Telescope." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1529.

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The IceCube Neutrino Telescope is designed to detect high energy neutrinos with a large array of photomultiplier tubes placed deep within the Antarctic ice. The way that light propagates through the ice needs to be modelled accurately to enable the paths of charged particles to be reconstructed from the distribution of their Cerenkov radiation. Light travelling through even the purest of ice will undergo scattering and absorption processes, however the ice in which IceCube is embedded has optical properties that vary significantly with depth which need to be accurately modelled. Currently, sim

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20

Chan, Ngai Ham. "Stability of Planetary Rotation." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11684.

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This thesis focuses on the long-term rotational stability of the Earth and terrestrial planets. One important class of perturbation is a reorientation of the solid planet with respect to a rotation pole that remains fixed in an inertial frame. These motions are driven by mass redistribution within or on the surface of the planet (e.g. glaciation, mantle convective flow). Long-term changes in the orientation of the rotation pole are called True Polar Wander (TPW).<br>Earth and Planetary Sciences

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21

Schmitt, Bernard. "La Surface de la glace structure, dynamique et interactions, implications astrophysiques /." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601091r.

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22

Joliat, Julien. "Modélisation des processus de piégeage, par la glace d'eau et les clathrates hydrates, de petites molécules d'intérêt astrophysique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCD053.

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Dans ce travail de thèse, des simulations à l'échelle moléculaire ont permis de modéliser le piégeage, éventuellement sélectif, de molécules légères par des systèmes glacés (glace cristalline hexagonale et clathrates hydrates), à des températures et pressions typiques de certains corps du Système Solaire (tels qu'Encelade et Titan). L'objectif fondamental est de mieux comprendre comment, en favorisant le piégeage de certaines espèces par rapport à d'autres, la structure moléculaire de la glace peut influencer la composition de la phase fluide environnante. Des simulations Monte Carlo ont été e

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23

Grisolle, Florence. "Les condensats saisonniers de Mars : étude expérimentale de la formation et du métamorphisme de glaces de CO2." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010519.

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Chaque année sur Mars, en automne et hiver, une partie importante de l'atmosphère passe de l'état gazeux à solide. Ce condensat, principalement du CO2 solide, s'accumule au sol sous forme de neige, givre ou glace. Cela se produit aux plus hautes latitudes, où les températures baissent suffisamment grâce à la nuit polaire pour provoquer ces dépôts qui disparaissent au retour du soleil au sortir de l'hiver. Les mécanismes de formation de ces glaces, leurs propriétés microphysiques ou encore leur évolution durant la nuit polaire puis avec l'insolation sont encore peu connus. Au cours de cette thè

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24

Beise, Jakob. "In-situ calibration device of firn properties for Askaryan neutrino detectors." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-452702.

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Simulations have demonstrated that high-energy neutrinos (E > 1017 eV) are detected cost-efficiently via the Askaryan effect in ice, where a particle cascade induced by the neutrino interaction produces coherent radio emission that can be picked up by antennas installed below the surface. A good knowledge of the near surface ice (aka firn) properties is required to reconstruct the neutrino properties. In particular, a continuous monitoring of the snow accumulation (which changes the depth of the antennas) and the index-of-refraction profile are crucial for an accurate determination of the n

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25

Beise, Jakob. "Measurement of the snow accumulation in Antarctica with a neutrino radio detector and extension to the measurement of the index-of-refraction profile." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Högenergifysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-437647.

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High-energy neutrino physics offers a unique way to investigate the most violent phenomena in our universe. The detection of energies above E > 1017 eV is most efficient using the Askaryan effect, where a neutrino-induced particle shower produces coherent radio emission that is detectable with radio antennas. By using radio techniques large volumes can be covered with few stations at moderate cost exploiting the large attenuation length of radio in cold ice. Key to the reconstruction of the neutrino properties visa precise and continuous monitoring of the firn properties. In particular the

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26

Mangold, Nicolas. "Rhéologie du pergélisol de Mars : applications géomorphologiques et structurales ; conséquences sur l'origine des contraintes compressives." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740850.

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La planète Mars est pourvue d'un climat glaciaire et d'un pergélisol riche en glace. Le comportement mécanique du pergélisol est affecté par la présence de la glace. L'objectif de cette étude est (1) de mesurer expérimentalement la viscosité de mélanges glace-roche analogues au pergélisol et (2) d'appliquer ces résultats à la rhéologie du pergélisol, la tectonique et la morphologie. Des implications climatiques et tectoniques sont obtenues à partir de l'étude de glaciers rocheux et des rides compressives. Les résultats expérimentaux établissent que le mélange glace-roche se déforme de manière

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27

Jasinghege, Don Prasanna Deshapriya. "Spectrophotometric properties of the nucleus of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko observed by the ROSETTA spacecraft." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC007/document.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la mission spatiale Rosetta et porte sur les propriétés spectrophotométriques de la comète 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko à l’aide de l’instrument OSIRIS. Cet instrument est composé de deux caméras pour les observations du noyau et de la coma de la comète. Elles permettent d’acquérir des images avec des filtres qui opèrent dans la gamme du proche UV au proche IR. Dans un premier temps, j'ai analysé les courbes spectrophotométriques des taches claires qui sont apparues sur le noyau de la comète. Une étude comparative de celles-ci grâce aux données du spectro-im

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28

Dissly, Richard William. "Laboratory studies of astrophysical ices." Thesis, 1995. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4343/1/Dissly_rw_1995.pdf.

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NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document. This thesis reports the results of three laboratory studies, each concerned with some aspect of ices in an astrophysical environment, presented as independent papers: 1. Molecular hydrogen is the most abundant molecule in interstellar space, and is therefore of central importance to the physics and chemistry of that environment. Experiments simulating the codeposition of molecular hydrogen and water ice on interstellar grains demonstrate that amorphous water ice at 12 K can

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29

Lee, Huan-Cheng, and 李桓誠. "A.Theoretical investigation of C(3P) + SiH4 reaction B.Formation of amide polymers via carbonyl-amino group linkages in energetically processed ices of astrophysical relevance." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7e8xde.

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碩士<br>國立東華大學<br>化學系<br>105<br>In the dissertation, the reaction of C(3p) + SiH4 is investigated by combining electronic structure and statistical calculations. The reaction was found to from an initial a van der Waals complex in the entrance channel, intersystem crossing (ISC) from the triplet to the singlet potential surface. The study provides insight on the molecular level and shed light on the non-adiabatic reaction dynamics of silicon, which is distinct from isovalent carbon systems. On both triplet and singlet surface, we use CCSD/cc-pVTZ to optimize complexes, intermediates, transition

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30

Hettlage, Christian [Verfasser]. "Lepton production in ice by scattering of astrophysical neutrinos at high energies / vorgelegt von Christian Hettlage." 2005. http://d-nb.info/979983738/34.

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31

Harris, Pauline. "A search for gamma ray burst neutrinos using the Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2166.

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32

"The Effect of Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities on the Thickness of Undifferentiated Crust on Kuiper Belt Objects like Charon." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.17885.

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abstract: In this thesis I model the thermal and structural evolution of Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) and explore their ability to retain undifferentiated crusts of rock and ice over geologic timescales. Previous calculations by Desch et al. (2009) predicted that initially homogenous KBOs comparable in size to Charon (R ~ 600 km) have surfaces too cold to permit the separation of rock and ice, and should always retain thick (~ 85 km) crusts, despite the partial differentiation of rock and ice inside the body. The retention of a thermally insulating, undifferentiated crust is favorable to the mai

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