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Journal articles on the topic 'Astrophysics and Cosmology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Tavakol, R. K. "Fragility in Cosmology and Astrophysics." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 132 (1993): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110006629x.

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AbstractThe theoretical framework adopted in astrophysics and cosmology, in both modelling and the analysis of the observational data, is often implicitly assumed to be that of structural stability. Here, in view of some of the recent results in dynamical systems theory, it is argued that such a framework cannot be assumed a priori and that the fragility framework may instead turn out to be the appropriate framework for the study of certain phenomena in the astrophysical and the cosmological settings. This is motivated by a number of examples from cosmology and a brief discussion of some of the potential domains of its relevance in astrophysics.

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2

Colafrancesco, Sergio. "Multi-Frequency Study of the SZ Effect in Cosmic Structures." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 1, no. 1 (December 4, 2014): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2014.01.0056.

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The Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect (SZE) is a relevant probe for cosmology and astrophysics. A multi-frequency approach to study the SZE in cosmic structures turns out to be crucial in the use of this probe for astrophysics and cosmology. Astrophysical and cosmological applications to galaxy clusters, galaxies, radiogalaxies and large-scale structures are discussed. Future directions for the study of the SZE and its polarization are finally outlined.

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3

Colafrancesco, Sergio. "THE SZ EFFECT IN THE PLANCK ERA: ASTROPHYSICAL AND COSMOLOGICAL IMPACT." Acta Polytechnica 53, A (December 18, 2013): 560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2013.53.0560.

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The Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE) is a relevant probe for cosmology and particle astrophysics. The Planck Era marks a definite step forward in the use of this probe for astrophysics and cosmology. Astrophysical applications to galaxy clusters, galaxies, radiogalaxies and large-scale structures are discussed. Cosmological relevance for the Dark Energy equation of state, modified Gravity scenarios, Dark Matter search, cosmic magnetism and other cosmological applications is also reviewed. Future directions for the study of the SZE and its polarization are finally outlined.

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4

Bergström, Lars, Ariel Goobar, and Andrew H. Jaffe. "Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics." American Journal of Physics 69, no. 3 (March 2001): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1336841.

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5

Bergström, Lars, Ariel Goobar, and Andreas J. Albrecht. "Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics." Physics Today 53, no. 3 (March 2000): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.883006.

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6

Auriemma, Giulio. "LHC, Astrophysics and Cosmology." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 1, no. 1 (December 4, 2014): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2014.01.0042.

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In this paper we discuss the impact on cosmology of recent results obtained by the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiments in the 2011-2012 runs, respectively at √<span style="text-decoration: overline;">s</span> = 7 and 8 TeV. The capital achievement of LHC in this period has been the discovery of a spin-0 particle with mass 126 GeV/c<sup>2</sup>, very similar to the Higgs boson of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. Less exciting, but not less important, negative results of searches for Supersymmetric particles or other exotica in direct production or rare decays are discussed in connection with particles and V.H.E. astronomy searches for Dark Matter.

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7

BINÉTRUY, P. "PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 22 (September 10, 2005): 5193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05028703.

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8

Szalay, Alexander, John Peacock, Y. Chu L. da Costa, J. Einasto, G. Ellis, D. Koo, S. Lilly, et al. "Commission 47: Cosmology: (Cosmologie)." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 1 (2000): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00003242.

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Cosmology is one of the most dynamically evolving areas of astrophysics today. Twenty years ago the estimates of the amplitude of the primordial fluctuations were about 10-3, almost a factor of 100 off of today’s measurements. Ten years ago we could only hope for high precision measurements of large scale structure, there were less than 5000 redshifts measured, and only a handful of normal galaxies with z > 1 were known. Computer models of structure formation had just begun to consider non-power-law spectra based on physical models like hot/cold dark matter. As a consequence there was considerable freedom in adjusting parameters in the various galaxy formation scenarios. In contrast, many of today’s debates are about factors of 2 and soon we will be arguing about 10% differences. The Harrison-Zeldovich shape of the primordial fluctuation spectrum, first derived from philosophical arguments can now be quantified from detections of fluctuations by COBE. The number of available redshifts is beyond 50,000, and soon we will have redshift surveys surpassing 1 million galaxies. N-body simulations are becoming more sophisticated, of higher resolution, and incorporating complex gas dynamics.

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9

HENLEY, ERNEST M. "NEUTRINO ASTROPHYSICS." Modern Physics Letters A 19, no. 13n16 (May 30, 2004): 1145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304014495.

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10

Netchitailo, Vladimir S. "Dark Matter Cosmology and Astrophysics." Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 05, no. 04 (2019): 999–1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2019.54056.

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11

Raffelt, Georg G. "Neutrinos in astrophysics and cosmology." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 81 (February 2000): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(99)00886-5.

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12

Balantekin, A. B., and G. M. Fuller. "Neutrinos in cosmology and astrophysics." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 71 (July 2013): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2013.03.008.

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13

Boeckel, T., M. Hempel, I. Sagert, G. Pagliara, B. Sa'd, and J. Schaffner-Bielich. "Strangeness in astrophysics and cosmology." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 37, no. 9 (August 2, 2010): 094005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/37/9/094005.

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14

Ellis, John. "High-energy astrophysics and cosmology." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 122 (July 2003): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(03)80360-2.

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15

Fukugita, Masataka. "Neutrinos in cosmology and astrophysics." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 13 (February 1990): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(90)90098-f.

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16

Fukugita, M. "Neutrinos in cosmology and astrophysics." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 271, no. 2 (August 1988): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(88)90156-8.

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17

Sobouti, Y. "Contemporary Astronomy in Iran – A Status Report." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 2 (1998): 739–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600018657.

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There are of the order of 30 astronomers with research records and another 40-50 with substantial education in astronomy and astrophysics. Geographically, astronomical and astrophysical research is concentrated mainly at Shiraz University (cosmology and photometric observations), Sharif University of Theran (cosmology and gamma-ray astronomy), Tabriz University (binaries and solar physics), Meshad University (binaries and interstellar matter), Zanjan University (stellar dynamics, radio astronomy) and the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan (stellar and stellar systems studies).

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18

Longair, Malcolm S. "Outside the Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 137 (1993): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100017395.

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It is a great pleasure and privilege to give the opening lecture at this IAU Colloquium “Inside the Stars”. It is particularly appropriate that it is held in Austria, the country of Ludwig Boltzmann whose name will appear explicitly or implicitly in every lecture.My task is to describe the astrophysical and cosmological setting within which our discussions will take place. I emphasise that I am an outsider at this colloquium in all possible senses. My own research interests are in the areas of high energy astrophysics, extragalactic research and astrophysical cosmology. In lecturing to my students, however, I emphasise that the subject of the present colloquium is at the very heart of virtually all astrophysics and these studies are quite essential in order to make sense of galaxies and extragalactic systems. If we did not have this confidence in our ability to understand the stars, at least in principle, we would worry about the reliability of the enormous astrophysical edifice which has been built up to explain the large scale features of our Universe. I also emphasise to my students that the study of the stars is among the most exact of the astrophysical sciences — in my enthusiastic moments, I claim that, in the very best of these studies, astrophysics approaches the precision of laboratory experiment. I hope to find many examples this week to reinforce this belief.From my perspective, what I need is a User’s Guide to Stars and Stellar Evolution, in other words, a reliable set of rules about the origin and evolution of stars in order to diagnose the physical properties of the systems I am trying to understand. I will illustrate the types of information we need by discussing three case studies in the areas of (i) high energy astrophysics, (ii) classical cosmology and (iii) astrophysical cosmology and the origin of galaxies. Necessarily, these studies will be far from complete, but I hope they will illustrate some of the issues which come up in these disciplines. In the course of the discussion, it will become apparent that I will touch upon essentially all branches of contemporary astrophysics. I will take very different approaches to the three case studies.

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19

Raffelt, Georg G. "Neutrino masses in astrophysics and cosmology." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 70, no. 1-3 (January 1999): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(98)00409-5.

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20

Bridle, S. L. "ASTROPHYSICS: Precision Cosmology? Not Just Yet . . ." Science 299, no. 5612 (March 7, 2003): 1532–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1082158.

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21

Abramowicz, Marek A. "Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology: A Primer." Classical and Quantum Gravity 24, no. 20 (October 2, 2007): 5313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/24/20/b01.

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22

Ahmedov, Bobomurat J., Roustam M. Zalaletdinov, Zafar Ya Turakulov, Salakhutdin N. Nuritdinov, and Karomat T. Mirtadjieva. "Relativistic astrophysics and cosmology in Uzbekistan." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, SPS5 (August 2006): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130700693x.

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AbstractThe theoretical results obtained in Uzbekistan in the field of relativistic astrophysics and cosmology are presented. In particular electrostatic plasma modes along the open field lines of a rotating neutron star and Goldreich-Julian charge density in general relativity are analyzed for the rotating and oscillating magnetized neutron stars. The impact that stellar oscillations of different type (radial, toroidal and spheroidal ones) have on electric and magnetic fields external to a relativistic magnetized star has been investigated. A study of the dynamical evolution and the number of stellar encounters in globular clusters with a central black hole is presented. Perturbation features and instabilities of the large-scale oscillations on the background of the non-linearly pulsating isotropic and isotropic Ω-models are studied. The non-stationary dispersion equation of the sectorial perturbations for the general case and the results of certain oscillation mode analysis are given. The model composed as the linear superposition of two other models was constructed and the stability of this model is studied. In a cosmological setting the theory of macroscopic gravity as a large-distance scale generalization of general relativity has been developed. Exact cosmological solutions to the equations of macroscopic gravity for a flat spatially homogeneous, isotropic space-time are found. The gravitational correlation terms in the averaged Einstein equations have the form of spatial curvature, dark matter and dark energy (cosmological constant) with particular equations of state for each correlation regime. Interpretation of these cosmological models to explain the observed large-scale structure of the accelerating Universe with a significant amount of the nonluminous (dark) matter is discussed.

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23

TURNER, MICHAEL S. "Monopoles, Cosmology, and Astrophysics?Update 1985." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 461, no. 1 First Aspen W (March 1986): 639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb52443.x.

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24

Olinto, A. V. "Quark matter in astrophysics and cosmology." Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 38, no. 1-2 (March 1988): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01574553.

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25

Rees, Martin J. "Particle physics in astrophysics and cosmology." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 16 (August 1990): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(90)90455-4.

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26

AMERY, GARETH, JOTHI MOODLEY, and JAMES PAUL LONDAL. "Isometric embeddings in cosmology and astrophysics." Pramana 77, no. 3 (August 26, 2011): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-011-0161-9.

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27

Peratt, Anthony L. "Introduction to plasma astrophysics and cosmology." Astrophysics and Space Science 227, no. 1-2 (May 1995): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00678062.

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28

KIM, Young-Min, Miok PARK, Yeong-Bok BAE, Sungwook E. HONG, and Chan PARK. "A Conversation among Young Astrophysicists." Physics and High Technology 30, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.30.019.

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Recently, many Nobel Prizes in Physics have been awarded in the field of astrophysics. Gravitational wave observations and contributions to LIGO in 2017, cosmology and exoplanets in 2019, and black hole formation theory and discovery of a supermassive black hole in 2020. Surprisingly, that these topics, which are somewhat distant from our daily life, have great physical significance and are being actively studied worldwide. We invited young astrophysicists at the forefront of astrophysic research to share their thoughts on astrophysics. That conversation took place online on June 2, 2021.

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29

Longair, Malcolm, and Martin Rees. "Geoffrey Ronald Burbidge. 24 September 1925 — 26 January 2010." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 63 (January 2017): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0002.

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Geoffrey (Geoff) Burbidge's career spanned the tumultuous years when astronomy was transformed from a purely optical science to a multi-wavelength discipline through the development of new types of astronomy—radio, X-ray, γ -ray, cosmic ray physics. These offered new astrophysical and cosmological challenges, which he grasped with relish. To all of these disciplines, Geoff, often in collaboration with his wife Margaret Burbidge (FRS 1964), made pioneering contributions, particularly in the areas of the synthesis of the chemical elements, the physics of extragalactic radio sources, the rotation curves of galaxies, the dark matter problem in clusters of galaxies, the physics of accretion discs and the origin of cosmic rays. He also espoused less popular causes such as the non-cosmological nature of the redshifts of quasars and was sceptical about the standard Big Bang picture of the origin of the large-scale structure and dynamics of the Universe. He was a flamboyant and outspoken astrophysicist who challenged his colleagues about their deeply held views on all aspects of astrophysics and cosmology. His service to the community included five years as director of the US Kitt Peak National Observatory, based in Tucson, Arizona, and as a most effective editor of Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics for over 30 years and the Astrophysical Journal.

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30

Shen, Keji, Qiang Zhang, and Xin-He Meng. "Influence from cosmological uncertainties on galaxy number count at faint limit." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 28 (August 17, 2015): 1550139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315501394.

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Counting galaxy number density with wide range sky surveys has been well adopted in researches focusing on revealing evolution pattern of different types of galaxies. As understood intuitively the astrophysics environment physics is intimately affected by cosmology priors with theoretical estimation or vice versa, or simply stating that the astrophysics effect couples the corresponding cosmology observations or the way backwards. In this paper, we try to quantify the influence on galaxy number density prediction at faint luminosity limit from the uncertainties in cosmology, and how much the uncertainties blur the detection of galaxy evolution, with the hope that this trying may indeed help for precise and physical cosmology study in near future or vice versa.

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31

Longair, Malcolm. "100 Years of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000097.

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AbstractAstronomy, astrophysics and cosmology have changed out of all recognition over the last 100 years. The IAU has provided an essential means of fostering international collaboration in these disciplines including times of international tension. Developments will be highlighted which have profoundly changed our understanding and insight into the workings of our Universe.

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32

Kajino, Toshitaka, Kaori Otsuki, and Manabu Orito. "Recent Progress in Cosmology and Nuclear Astrophysics." Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 146 (2002): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.146.247.

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33

Cirelli, Marco, Alessandro Strumia, and Matteo Tamburini. "Cosmology and astrophysics of minimal dark matter." Nuclear Physics B 787, no. 1-2 (December 2007): 152–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2007.07.023.

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34

MAJUMDAR, A. S., and N. MUKHERJEE. "BRANEWORLD BLACK HOLES IN COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 14, no. 07 (July 2005): 1095–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271805006948.

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The braneworld description of our universe entails a large extra dimension and a fundamental scale of gravity that might be lower by several orders of magnitude compared to the Planck scale. An interesting consequence of the braneworld scenario is in the nature of spherically symmetric vacuum solutions to the brane gravitational field equations which could represent black holes with properties quite distinct compared to ordinary black holes in 4-dimensions. We discuss certain key features of some braneworld black hole geometries. Such black holes are likely to have diverse cosmological and astrophysical ramifications. The cosmological evolution of primordial braneworld black holes is described highlighting their longevity due to modified evaporation and effective accretion of radiation during the early braneworld high energy era. Observational abundance of various evaporation products of the black holes at different eras impose constraints on their initial mass fraction. Surviving primordial black holes could be candidates of dark matter present in galactic haloes. We discuss gravitational lensing by braneworld black holes. Observables related to the relativistic images of strong field gravitational lensing could in principle be used to distinguish between different braneworld black hole metrics in future observations.

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35

Ishak, B. "Gravitational waves volume 2: astrophysics and cosmology." Contemporary Physics 59, no. 4 (September 11, 2018): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2018.1515251.

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36

Seckel, D. "Neutrino-Photon Reactions in Astrophysics and Cosmology." Physical Review Letters 80, no. 5 (February 2, 1998): 900–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.80.900.

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37

Krauss, Lawrence M. "Cosmology, astrophysics, and a 17 keV neutrino." Physics Letters B 263, no. 3-4 (July 1991): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)90485-9.

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38

Padmanabhan, Hamsa, Alexandre Refregier, and Adam Amara. "Cross-correlating 21 cm and galaxy surveys: implications for cosmology and astrophysics." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, no. 4 (May 18, 2020): 3935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1373.

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ABSTRACT We forecast astrophysical and cosmological parameter constraints from synergies between 21 cm intensity mapping and wide-field optical galaxy surveys (both spectroscopic and photometric) over z ∼ 0–3. We focus on the following survey combinations in this work: (i) a CHIME-like and DESI-like survey in the Northern hemisphere, (ii) an LSST-like and SKA I MID-like survey, and (iii) a MeerKAT-like and DES-like survey in the Southern hemisphere. We work with the ΛCDM cosmological model having parameters {h, Ωm, ns, Ωb, σ8}, parameters vc, 0 and β representing the cut-off and slope of the H i–halo mass relation in the previously developed H i halo model framework, and a parameter Q that represents the scale dependence of the optical galaxy bias. Using a Fisher forecasting framework, we explore (i) the effects of the H i and galaxy astrophysical uncertainties on the cosmological parameter constraints, assuming priors from the present knowledge of the astrophysics, (ii) the improvements on astrophysical constraints over their current priors in the three configurations considered, and (iii) the tightening of the constraints on the parameters relative to the corresponding H i autocorrelation surveys alone.

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39

Ahmedov, Bobomurat. "Relativistic Astrophysics in Uzbekistan." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000437.

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AbstractDuring the last twenty years, due to the extensive help and assistance of the international scientific community, there has been a great success in the development and establishment of new well-functioning and competitive scientific groups specialized in general relativity and relativistic astrophysics in Uzbekistan (Tashkent), Kazakhstan (Astana and Almaty), Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) and great achievements have been made on the study in Central Asia in relativistic cosmology and astrophysics of compact gravitational objects.

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40

FIORINI, ETTORE. "NEUTRINO IN PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 22, no. 11 (September 2013): 1360003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271813600031.

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The recent impact of the discovery of neutrino oscillations and the related evidence of a finite neutrino mass has stimulated searches to actually measure or constraint the effective mass of this particle. Present and planned experiments based on cosmology and on single and double beta decay will be reviewed together with the suggested possibility of a Majorana nature of the neutrino.

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41

Fornengo, Nicolao. "Particles in astrophysics and cosmology: a dark connection." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 259 (November 1, 2010): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/259/1/012016.

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42

HWANG, W.-Y. PAUCHY. "2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COSMOLOGY AND PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 01 (January 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194511000031.

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43

Banerjee, Shibaji, Abhijit Bhattacharyya, Sanjay K. Ghosh, Sibaji Raha, Bikash Sinha, and Hiroshi Toki. "Some aspects of strangeness in astrophysics and cosmology." Nuclear Physics A 721 (June 2003): C1028—C1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(03)01277-6.

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44

Uggla, Claes, Robert T. Jantzen, and Kjell Rosquist. "Exact hypersurface-homogeneous solutions in cosmology and astrophysics." Physical Review D 51, no. 10 (May 15, 1995): 5522–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.51.5522.

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45

OLIVE, K. A. "The Quark-Hadron Transition in Cosmology and Astrophysics." Science 251, no. 4998 (March 8, 1991): 1194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4998.1194.

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46

Blandford, R. D. "A century of general relativity: Astrophysics and cosmology." Science 347, no. 6226 (March 5, 2015): 1103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa4033.

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47

HAJDUKOVIC, DRAGAN SLAVKOV. "THE SIGNATURES OF NEW PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY?" Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 29 (September 6, 2013): 1350124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313501241.

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The first three years of the LHC experiments at CERN have ended with "the nightmare scenario": all tests, confirm the Standard Model of Particles so well that theorists must search for new physics without any experimental guidance. The supersymmetric theories, a privileged candidate for new physics, are nearly excluded. As a potential escape from the crisis, we propose thinking about a series of astonishing relations suggesting fundamental interconnections between the quantum world and the large scale Universe. It seems reasonable that, for instance, the equation relating a quark–antiquark pair with the fundamental physical constants and cosmological parameters must be a sign of new physics. One of the intriguing possibilities is interpreting our relations as a signature of the quantum vacuum containing the virtual gravitational dipoles.

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48

Kolb, Edward W., and Michael S. Turner. "Astrophysics and cosmology confront the 17-keV neutrino." Physical Review Letters 67, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.5.

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49

Dar, A. "Astrophysics and Cosmology Closing in on Neutrino Masses." Science 250, no. 4987 (December 14, 1990): 1529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.250.4987.1529.

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50

Nakagawa, Takao. "SPICA: space infrared telescope for cosmology and astrophysics." Advances in Space Research 34, no. 3 (January 2004): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.044.

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