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Journal articles on the topic 'Astrophysics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Depalo, Rosanna. "Nuclear Astrophysics Deep Underground." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 46 (January 2018): 1860003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518600030.

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Cross sections of nuclear reactions relevant for astrophysics are crucial ingredients to understand the energy generation inside stars and the synthesis of the elements. At astrophysical energies, nuclear cross sections are often too small to be measured in laboratories on the Earth surface, where the signal would be overwhelmed by the cosmic-ray induced background. LUNA is a unique Nuclear Astrophysics experiment located at Gran Sasso National Laboratories. The extremely low background achieved at LUNA allows to measure nuclear cross sections directly at the energies of astrophysical interest

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2

OSTERBROCK, D. E. "An Astrophysical Concept: Accretion Power in Astrophysics." Science 233, no. 4763 (1986): 582–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.233.4763.582.

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Longair, Malcolm, and Martin Rees. "Geoffrey Ronald Burbidge. 24 September 1925 — 26 January 2010." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 63 (January 2017): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0002.

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Geoffrey (Geoff) Burbidge's career spanned the tumultuous years when astronomy was transformed from a purely optical science to a multi-wavelength discipline through the development of new types of astronomy—radio, X-ray, γ -ray, cosmic ray physics. These offered new astrophysical and cosmological challenges, which he grasped with relish. To all of these disciplines, Geoff, often in collaboration with his wife Margaret Burbidge (FRS 1964), made pioneering contributions, particularly in the areas of the synthesis of the chemical elements, the physics of extragalactic radio sources, the rotation

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Gyürky, György. "Challenges and Requirements in High-Precision Nuclear Astrophysics Experiments." Universe 8, no. 4 (2022): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8040216.

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In the 21th century astronomical observations, as well as astrophysical models, have become impressively precise. For a better understanding of the processes in stellar interiors, the nuclear physics of astrophysical relevance—known as nuclear astrophysics—must aim for similar precision, as such precision is not reached yet in many cases. This concerns both nuclear theory and experiment. In this paper, nuclear astrophysics experiments are put in focus. Through the example of various parameters playing a role in nuclear reaction studies, the difficulties of reaching high precision and the possi

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Adsley, Philip. "Transfer Reactions in Nuclear Astrophysics." EPJ Web of Conferences 275 (2023): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327501001.

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Transfer reactions are important tool in nuclear astrophysics. These reactions allow us to identify states in nuclei and to find the corresponding energies, to determine if these states can contribute to astrophysical nuclear reactions and ultimately to determine the strength of that contribution. In this paper,the basic details of how transfer reactions may be used in nuclear astrophysics are set out along with some common pitfalls to avoid.

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Descouvemont, P. "Astrophysica for Windows: a PC software for nuclear astrophysics." Nuclear Physics A 688, no. 1-2 (2001): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(01)00786-2.

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7

EARDLEY, D. M. "Astrophysics: Relativistic Astrophysics." Science 232, no. 4751 (1986): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.232.4751.778-a.

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Lépine-Szily, Alinka, and Pierre Descouvemont. "Nuclear astrophysics: nucleosynthesis in the Universe." International Journal of Astrobiology 11, no. 4 (2012): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550412000158.

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AbstractNuclear astrophysics is a relatively young science; it is about half a century old. It is a multidisciplinary subject, since it combines nuclear physics with astrophysics and observations in astronomy. It also addresses fundamental issues in astrobiology through the formation of elements, in particular those required for a carbon-based life. In this paper, a rapid overview of nucleosynthesis is given, mainly from the point of view of nuclear physics. A short historical introduction is followed by the definition of the relevant nuclear parameters, such as nuclear reaction cross sections

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Longair, Malcolm S. "Outside the Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 137 (1993): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100017395.

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It is a great pleasure and privilege to give the opening lecture at this IAU Colloquium “Inside the Stars”. It is particularly appropriate that it is held in Austria, the country of Ludwig Boltzmann whose name will appear explicitly or implicitly in every lecture.My task is to describe the astrophysical and cosmological setting within which our discussions will take place. I emphasise that I am an outsider at this colloquium in all possible senses. My own research interests are in the areas of high energy astrophysics, extragalactic research and astrophysical cosmology. In lecturing to my stud

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Bingham, R., D. C. Speirs, B. J. Kellett, et al. "Laboratory astrophysics: Investigation of planetary and astrophysical maser emission." Space Science Reviews 178, no. 2-4 (2013): 695–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-9963-z.

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Fedotova, Maria, Dmitry Klimachkov, and Arakel Petrosyan. "Variable Density Flows in Rotating Astrophysical Plasma. Linear Waves and Resonant Phenomena." Universe 7, no. 4 (2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7040087.

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New observational data and modeling of physical processes constantly appear in the young and rapidly developing branch of science of plasma astrophysics. However, there is a lack of theoretical studies in the field of plasma astrophysics, that could unite the physics of various objects in the Universe, explain the observed phenomena and contribute to the improvement of numerical modeling schemes efficiency. This article makes up for this shortcoming by introducing different models, taking into account the various properties of plasma objects. We present a review of the latest magnetohydrodynam

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12

Murase, Kohta, and Imre Bartos. "High-Energy Multimessenger Transient Astrophysics." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 69, no. 1 (2019): 477–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023510.

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The recent discoveries of high-energy cosmic neutrinos and gravitational waves from astrophysical objects have led to a new era of multimessenger astrophysics. In particular, electromagnetic follow-up observations triggered by these cosmic signals have proved to be highly successful and have brought about new opportunities in time-domain astronomy. We review high-energy particle production in various classes of astrophysical transient phenomena related to black holes and neutron stars, and discuss how high-energy emission can be used to reveal the underlying physics of neutrino and gravitation

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Colafrancesco, Sergio. "Multi-Frequency Study of the SZ Effect in Cosmic Structures." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 1, no. 1 (2014): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2014.01.0056.

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The Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect (SZE) is a relevant probe for cosmology and astrophysics. A multi-frequency approach to study the SZE in cosmic structures turns out to be crucial in the use of this probe for astrophysics and cosmology. Astrophysical and cosmological applications to galaxy clusters, galaxies, radiogalaxies and large-scale structures are discussed. Future directions for the study of the SZE and its polarization are finally outlined.

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Stehlé, C., A. Ciardi, J. P. Colombier, et al. "Scaling stellar jets to the laboratory: The power of simulations." Laser and Particle Beams 27, no. 4 (2009): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034609990449.

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AbstractAdvances in laser and Z-pinch technology, coupled with the development of plasma diagnostics, and the availability of high-performance computers, have recently stimulated the growth of high-energy density laboratory astrophysics. In particular, a number of experiments have been designed to study radiative shocks and jets with the aim of shedding new light on physical processes linked to the ejection and accretion of mass by newly born stars. Although general scaling laws are powerful tools to link laboratory experiments with astrophysical plasmas, the phenomena modeled are often too co

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RAUSCHER, THOMAS. "THE PATH TO IMPROVED REACTION RATES FOR ASTROPHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, no. 05 (2011): 1071–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131101840x.

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This review focuses on nuclear reactions in astrophysics and, more specifically, on reactions with light ions (nucleons and α particles) proceeding via the strong interaction. It is intended to present the basic definitions essential for studies in nuclear astrophysics, to point out the differences between nuclear reactions taking place in stars and in a terrestrial laboratory, and to illustrate some of the challenges to be faced in theoretical and experimental studies of those reactions. The discussion revolves around the relevant quantities for astrophysics, which are the astrophysical react

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16

Tavakol, R. K. "Fragility in Cosmology and Astrophysics." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 132 (1993): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110006629x.

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AbstractThe theoretical framework adopted in astrophysics and cosmology, in both modelling and the analysis of the observational data, is often implicitly assumed to be that of structural stability. Here, in view of some of the recent results in dynamical systems theory, it is argued that such a framework cannot be assumed a priori and that the fragility framework may instead turn out to be the appropriate framework for the study of certain phenomena in the astrophysical and the cosmological settings. This is motivated by a number of examples from cosmology and a brief discussion of some of th

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XU, RENXIN. "ASTRO-QUARK MATTER: A CHALLENGE FACING ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 17n20 (2008): 1629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230802803x.

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Quark matter both in terrestrial experiment and in astrophysics is briefly reviewed. Astrophysical quark matter could appear in the early Universe, in compact stars, and as cosmic rays. Emphasis is put on quark star as the nature of pulsars. Possible astrophysical implications of experiment-discovered sQGP are also concisely discussed.

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18

KIM, Young-Min, Miok PARK, Yeong-Bok BAE, Sungwook E. HONG, and Chan PARK. "A Conversation among Young Astrophysicists." Physics and High Technology 30, no. 6 (2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.30.019.

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Recently, many Nobel Prizes in Physics have been awarded in the field of astrophysics. Gravitational wave observations and contributions to LIGO in 2017, cosmology and exoplanets in 2019, and black hole formation theory and discovery of a supermassive black hole in 2020. Surprisingly, that these topics, which are somewhat distant from our daily life, have great physical significance and are being actively studied worldwide. We invited young astrophysicists at the forefront of astrophysic research to share their thoughts on astrophysics. That conversation took place online on June 2, 2021.

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Zhou, Jianfeng, and Yang Yang. "Astrophysical integrated research environment." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, no. 14 (2006): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307012045.

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AbstractAstrophysical Integrated Research Environment (AIRE), aims to integrate astrophysical data, analysis software and astrophysical knowledge into an easy-to-use Internet based environment. Therefore, astrophysicists from different institutes can constitute virtual research groups which are favorable to study some complex multi-band astrophysical phenomena. The AIRE was put into use in Center for Astrophysics, Tsinghua university in 2003. Up to now, there are 219 advanced users in this environment. Several astrophysical researches base on AIRE have generated some important published result

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20

Indermuehle, Balthasar T., Michael G. Burton, and Sarah T. Maddison. "History of Astrophysics in Antarctica – A Brief Overview." Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600017846.

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On examining the historical development of astrophysical science at the bottom of the world from the early 20th century until today we find three temporally overlapping eras of which each has a rather distinct beginning. These are the eras of Astrogeology, High Energy Astrophysics and Photon Astronomy.

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21

Tagliente, G., U. Abbondanno, G. Aerts, and The n_TOF Collaboration The n_TOF Collaboration. "Astrophysics at n_TOF facility." Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy 10, no. 3 (2009): 257–62. https://doi.org/10.15407/jnpae2009.03.257.

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The neutron time of flight (n_TOF) facility at CERN is a neutron spallation source, its white neutron energy spectrum ranges from thermal to several GeV, covering the full energy range of interest for nuclear astrophysics, in particular for measurements of the neutron capture cross-section required in s-process nucleosynthesis. This contribution gives an overview on the astrophysical program made at n_TOF facility, the results and the implications will be considered.

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22

Colafrancesco, Sergio. "THE SZ EFFECT IN THE PLANCK ERA: ASTROPHYSICAL AND COSMOLOGICAL IMPACT." Acta Polytechnica 53, A (2013): 560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2013.53.0560.

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The Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE) is a relevant probe for cosmology and particle astrophysics. The Planck Era marks a definite step forward in the use of this probe for astrophysics and cosmology. Astrophysical applications to galaxy clusters, galaxies, radiogalaxies and large-scale structures are discussed. Cosmological relevance for the Dark Energy equation of state, modified Gravity scenarios, Dark Matter search, cosmic magnetism and other cosmological applications is also reviewed. Future directions for the study of the SZE and its polarization are finally outlined.

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23

Kramida, Alexander. "Legacy of Charlotte Moore Sitterly in the Internet Age." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 18, S371 (2022): 12–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921323000212.

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AbstractMost (yet not all) results of atomic physics research of Charlotte Moore Sitterly (CMS), which was closely connected to astrophysics, are now incorporated in online databases, one of which is the Atomic Spectra Database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The use of this database extends far beyond astrophysics, but this review focuses on astrophysical applications. The impact of CMS’s work on modern atomic physics and other sciences is discussed, and problems that urgently need solutions are outlined.

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24

Jones, Christine, Noah Brosch, Günther Hasinger, et al. "DIVISION D COMMISSION 44: SPACE AND HIGH-ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, T29A (2015): 219–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316000788.

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Division XI, the predecessor to Division D until 2012, was formed in 1994 at the IAU General Assembly in The Hague by merging Commission 44 Astronomy from Space and Commission 48 High Energy Astrophysics. Historically, space astrophysics started with the high energy wavelengths (far UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray astronomy) which are only accessible from space. However, in modern astronomy, to study high energy astrophysical processes, almost all wavelengths are used (including gamma-ray, X-ray, UV, optical, infrared, submillimeter and radio). In addition other ground-based facilities, including gra

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Bigg, Charlotte. "Travelling Scientist, Circulating Images and the Making of the Modern Scientific Journal." Nuncius 30, no. 3 (2015): 675–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03003002.

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The early astrophysicist Norman Lockyer was both editor of the journal Nature from its creation in 1869 and for the following five decades, and an early practioner of the new astronomy. He frequently used the journal to expound his scientific theories, report on his work and send news home while on expeditions. I look into the particular visual culture of astrophysics developed by Lockyer in Nature, its evolution at a time of rapid development both of the techniques of astrophysical observation and visualization and of the techniques of image reproduction in print. A study of the use and reuse

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26

Fialkov, Anastasia. "Tracing Cosmic Dawn." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S333 (2017): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318000194.

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AbstractObservational effort is on the way to probe the 21-cm of neutral hydrogen from the epochs of Reionization and Cosmic Dawn. Our current poor knowledge of high redshift astrophysics results in a large uncertainty in the theoretically predicted 21-cm signal. A recent parameter study that is highlighted here explores the variety of 21-cm signals resulting from viable astrophysical scenarios. Model-independent relations between the shape of the signal and the underlying astrophysics are discussed. Finally, I briefly note on possible alternative probes of the high redshift Universe, specific

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27

Spyrou, Artemis. "Resource Letter: Synthesis of the elements in stars." American Journal of Physics 92, no. 10 (2024): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0209176.

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This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature on the field of nuclear astrophysics, and particularly the origin of the elements. Nuclear astrophysics is a multidisciplinary field that aims at understanding where everything we see around us comes from and how it came to be. Astronomical observations, astrophysics modeling, and nuclear physics experiment and theory come together to answer important questions like: Where and how are the elements created? How do stars evolve? What drives the different types of stellar explosions? What is left behind after the cataclysmic death of a star?

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Sarah, Lia Laela, Judhistira Aria Utama, and Andi Suhandi. "Fostering prospective teacher-students to contextualize blackbody radiation in astrophysics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2866, no. 1 (2024): 012099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2866/1/012099.

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Abstract In astrophysical concepts, a star can be treated as a blackbody. However, teaching blackbody radiation in physics classrooms is not often relevant to astrophysical contexts. Therefore, prospective teacher-students need to have experiences contextualizing blackbody radiation in astrophysics. This study aimed to investigate how the inquiry lesson activities for teaching blackbody radiation in an astrophysics context, including the design of a simple experimental setup and the worksheets. The experimental setup was designed using affordable equipment like a tungsten bulb, a basic meter,

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Field, George. "Astrophysics." Reviews of Modern Physics 71, no. 2 (1999): S33—S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.71.s33.

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V, Prakash, Dharanishwari R, Jayashree LM, and Boya pavani. "ASTROPHYSICS." International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security 09, no. 03 (2023): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijiris.2023.v0903.09.

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Astrophysics is a branch of space science that applies the laws of physics and chemistry to seek to understand the universe and our place in it. The field explores topics such as the birth, life and death of stars, planets, galaxies, nebulae and other objects in the universe. The Astrophysics creates physical theories of small to medium-size objects and structures in the universe.

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Rahma, Siti Nur, Suliyanah Suliyanah, and Abdul Halim. "How do Astrophysics and the Qur'an Perceive the Extraterrestrial Life? A Qualitative Study." Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 10, no. 2 (2022): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/jpf.v10i2.7433.

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The topic of extraterrestrial life is still only a theory and the truth is still being investigated. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the beginning formation of the universe according to astrophysics and the Qur’an, astrophysics discoveries about extraterrestrial life, and letters in the Qur’an that hint at extraterrestrial life, as well as analyzing the relationship between astrophysics and letters in the Qur’an related to extraterrestrial life. This research is qualitative research with a method consisting of library research and interviews. The primary data of this research comes fr

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Achterberg, A. "Particle Acceleration at Astrophysical Shocks." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 195 (2000): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900163041.

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The acceleration of particles in the vicinity of astrophysical shocks has become the main paradigm in astrophysics for the production of superthermal and relativistic particles. In this review, I consider the basic theory of shock acceleration and the open questions.

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Nakamura, Takashi. "Introduction to plasma astrophysics characteristics of astrophysical plasma high density plasma." Kakuyūgō kenkyū 61, no. 3 (1989): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/jspf1958.61.151.

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Karthikeyan, B., V. Raja, N. Rajamanickam, and S. P. Bagare. "On the Franck-Condon factors and R-centroids of the astrophysically interesting molecule CS." Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 175 (2007): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj0775025k.

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In molecular astrophysics, the Franck-Condon (FC) factors and r-centroids are essential for the interpretation of spectral intensities in terms of emitting astrophysical source conditions. They have been evaluated for the band systems a 3?r - X 1?+, d3?ni - X 1?+- X 1?+, e 3?- - X 1?+, A' 1?+ - X 1?+ and d3?ni and - a 3?r of astrophysical molecule CS. The physical and astrophysical significances of our evaluated FC factors and r-centroids are discussed. The FC factor values of a - X system have been compared with the values of FC factors reported by Reddy et al. (2003).

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Perez, Lucia A., Shy Genel, Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro, et al. "Constraining Cosmology with Machine Learning and Galaxy Clustering: The CAMELS-SAM Suite." Astrophysical Journal 954, no. 1 (2023): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/accd52.

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Abstract As the next generation of large galaxy surveys come online, it is becoming increasingly important to develop and understand the machine-learning tools that analyze big astronomical data. Neural networks are powerful and capable of probing deep patterns in data, but they must be trained carefully on large and representative data sets. We present a new “hump” of the Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning Simulations (CAMELS) project: CAMELS-SAM, encompassing one thousand dark-matter-only simulations of (100 h −1 cMpc)3 with different cosmological parameters (Ω m and σ 8) and r

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Shen, Yang-Ping, Bing Guo, and Wei-Ping Liu. "An indirect technique in nuclear astrophysics: alpha-cluster transfer reaction." EPJ Web of Conferences 260 (2022): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226001001.

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Helium(4He, or α)is the second most abundant element in the observable Universe. The α-particle induced reactions such as(α, γ), (α, n) and (α, p) play a crucial role in nuclear astrophysics, especially for understanding stellar heliumburning. Because of the strong Coulomb repulsion, it is greatly hindered to directly measure the cross sections for these α-capture reactions at stellar energies. Alpha-cluster transfer reaction is a powerful tool for investigation of astrophysical(α, γ), (α, n)and(α, p)reactions since it can preferentially populate the natural-parity states with an α-cluster str

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Träbert, Elmar. "Extreme ultraviolet spectra of highly charged Fe ions in the laboratory versus the excitation of spectra in astrophysical environments." Canadian Journal of Physics 95, no. 9 (2017): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2016-0623.

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The ASOS meetings address atomic spectra and oscillator strengths for astrophysics and laboratory plasmas. Based on examples of Fe spectra from foil-excited ion beams and electron beam ion traps, some practical problems of laboratory studies using these tools in support of astrophysical observations are discussed.

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Michaut, C., C. D. Gregory, B. Loupias, et al. "Astrophysical outflows simulated by laser-driven plasma jets." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S275 (2010): 402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310016480.

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AbstractWithin the framework of laboratory astrophysics, we form a qualified multidisciplinary group in radiative hydrodynamics. Since 10 years, we have developed laboratory experiments as radiative shocks and plasma jets in connection to astrophysics. Such laboratory experiments provide a unique opportunity to validate models and numerical schemes introduced in radiative hydrodynamics codes. Here we summarize our experimental researches about plasma jets. Laboratory astrophysical experiments have been performed using LULI2000 (France), VULCAN (UK) and GEKKO XII (Japan) intense lasers. The goa

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Minkevich, A. V., L. V. Korenev, and V. V. Klimashonok. "Gravitational interaction in astrophysics in Riemann-Cartan space-time and vacuum torsion." International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, no. 02n03 (2020): 2040055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x20400552.

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The role of space-time torsion in astrophysics in the frame of minimum gauge gravitational theory in Riemann-Cartan space-time is discussed. The influence of the vacuum torsion on dynamics of astrophysical objects induced by the interaction of their spin momenta with vacuum torsion is studied. Possible manifestations of such interaction are considered.

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Basu, Chinmay. "FRENA, a facility for research in experimental nuclear astrophysics at SINP, Kolkata." EPJ Web of Conferences 297 (2024): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429701002.

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FRENA is a new low energy high current accelerator facility commissioned at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India. The primary goal of the facility is to perform nuclear astrophysics experiments and address key issues in the field. It is a unique facility in India and is the first accelerator dedicated for astrophysical studies.

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Galanti, Giorgio, and Marco Roncadelli. "Axion-like Particles Implications for High-Energy Astrophysics." Universe 8, no. 5 (2022): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8050253.

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We offer a pedagogical introduction to axion-like particles (ALPs) as far as their relevance for high-energy astrophysics is concerned, from a few MeV to 1000 TeV. This review is self-contained, in such a way to be understandable even to non-specialists. Among other things, we discuss two strong hints at a specific ALP that emerge from two very different astrophysical situations. More technical matters are contained in three Appendices.

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Broggini, Carlo. "Origin and status of LUNA at Gran Sasso." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 34 (2014): 1430038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314300389.

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The ultimate goal of nuclear astrophysics, the union of nuclear physics and astronomy, is to provide a comprehensive picture of the nuclear reactions which power the stars and, in doing so, synthesize the chemical elements. Deep underground in the Gran Sasso Laboratory the key reactions of the proton–proton chain and of the carbon–nitrogen–oxygen cycle have been studied down to the energies of astrophysical interest. The main results obtained in the past 20 years are reviewed and their influence on our understanding of the properties of the neutrino, the Sun, and the Universe itself is discuss

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Fields, Brian D., and Anton Wallner. "Deep-Sea and Lunar Radioisotopes from Nearby Astrophysical Explosions." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 73, no. 1 (2023): 365–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-011823-045541.

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Live (not decayed) radioisotopes on the Earth and Moon are messengers from recent nearby astrophysical explosions. Measurements of 60Fe in deep-sea samples, Antarctic snow, and lunar regolith reveal two pulses about 3 Myr and 7 Myr ago. Detection of 244Pu in a deep-sea crust indicates a recent r-process event. We review the ultrasensitive accelerator mass spectrometry techniques that enable these findings. We then explore the implications for astrophysics, including supernova nucleosynthesis, particularly the r-process, as well as supernova dust production and the formation of the Local Bubble

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Scelfo, Giulio, Marta Spinelli, Alvise Raccanelli, Lumen Boco, Andrea Lapi, and Matteo Viel. "Gravitational waves × HI intensity mapping: cosmological and astrophysical applications." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 01 (2022): 004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/01/004.

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Abstract Two of the most rapidly growing observables in cosmology and astrophysics are gravitational waves (GW) and the neutral hydrogen (HI) distribution. In this work, we investigate the cross-correlation between resolved gravitational wave detections and HI signal from intensity mapping (IM) experiments. By using a tomographic approach with angular power spectra, including all projection effects, we explore possible applications of the combination of the Einstein Telescope and the SKAO intensity mapping surveys. We focus on three main topics: (i) statistical inference of the observed redshi

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Longair, Malcolm. "Radio astronomy and the rise of high-energy astrophysics two anniversaries." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 02 (2019): 1930004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819300040.

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This paper celebrates the 100th anniversary of the birth of Martin Ryle and the 50th anniversary of the discovery of pulsars by Jocelyn Bell and Antony Hewish. Ryle and Hewish received the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physics, the first in the area of astrophysics. Their interests strongly overlapped, one of the key papers on the practical implementation of the technique of aperture synthesis being co-authored by Ryle and Hewish. The discovery of pulsars and the roles played by Hewish and Bell are described. These key advances were at the heart of the dramatic rise of high-energy astrophysics in the 19

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CHAMPAGNE, A. E., and C. ILIADIS. "FIRST RESULTS FROM LENA." Modern Physics Letters A 22, no. 04 (2007): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732307022724.

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We review the first results from the Laboratory for Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics (LENA), which is a dedicated accelerator facility for measuring reactions of astrophysical interest. We also briefly describe the facility itself and the detector system. The reactions that have been measured have relevance for both stellar evolution and for classical nova explosions.

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Rose, S. J. "High-power laser-produced plasmas and astrophysics." Laser and Particle Beams 9, no. 4 (1991): 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006613.

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The temperatures and the densities of plasmas produced by high-power lasers vary widely but in certain cases are similar to those found in astrophysical plasmas. In recent years our understanding of intense laser–matter interaction and the evolution of the resultingplasma has increased to the point where experiments can be designed to produce plasmas that allow astrophysical models to be tested. In this paper I review experimental work on laser-produced plasmas that is relevant to astrophysics. In the fields of highlyionized ion line identification and radiative opacity, relevant measurements

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Auluck, S. K. H., V. I. Krauz, V. V. Myalton, and A. M. Kharrasov. "Investigation of the poloidal magnetic flux at the PF-3 plasma focus within the framework of the program of laboratory simulation of astrophysical jets." Fizika plazmy 50, no. 3 (2024): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367292124030065.

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Astrophysical jets are collimated plasma outflows observed in diverse astrophysical settings covering seven decades of spatial scale and twenty decades of power, which, nevertheless, share many common features. This similarity over wide range of scales indicates a common core of physics underlying this phenomenon, leading to considerable interest in observational, theoretical and numerical studies. Laboratory astrophysics experiments for simulating astrophysical jets are premised on this common core of physics responsible for multi-scale similarity of jets remaining valid down to laboratory sp

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Cosentino, Luigi, and Cristian Massimi. "The n_ToF facility for Nuclear Astrophysics." EPJ Web of Conferences 331 (2025): 01002. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202533101002.

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Neutron-induced reactions involved in cosmological and stellar nucleosynthesis processes, represent key inputs for astrophysical models of the chemical evolution of the universe. Accurate knowledge of cross sections is essential to ensure high reliability of these models and to address discrepancies that still exist between models and observations. The availability of neutron beams with both high flux and energy resolution, combined with a large variety of innovative detectors, makes the n_TOF facility at CERN a unique tool for performing accurate measurements of astrophysical interest, even f

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Srećković, Vladimir, and Aleksandra Nina. "Special Issue on Astrophysics & Geophysics: Research and Applications." Data 4, no. 1 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4010021.

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The earth’s layers and space are media permanently exposed to the influences of numerous perturbations characterized by time- and space-dependent intensity. For this reason, the detection of astrophysical and terrestrial events and their influences, as well as the development and application of various models, must be based on observational data. The aim of this Special Issue, “Astrophysics & Geophysics: Research and Applications” in Data, is to engage a wide community of scientists to reorganize and expand current knowledge in this field. This Special Issue contains five articles, which i

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