Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Asymétrie dans la volatilité'
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Mannaï, Samir. "De la microstructure en général et de la liquidité en particulier : théories et études empiriques sur le MONEP." Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090043.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to investigate the liquidity of the MONEP, which encompasses studying the bid-ask spread, transaction volume, and volatility, as well as their interday and intraday variations. The bid-ask spread on options increases with its volatility, moneyness, Eta, Gamma, and Vega. The theory of adverse information is tested and rejected; there is no evidence of the information effect on the MONEP, which is therefore not dominated by insiders. There is no interday effect on the MONEP, and the only intraday effect detected, is for the transaction volume, which occurs between 11:oo a. M. And noon. The implied volatility of options on the CAC 40 index is a better estimator than the GARCH volatility with respect to estimation of realized volatility. As a result, the implied volatility can be used to create an index of volatility on the MONEP, coded VPX. This index can then be chosen as the underlying of new instruments such as futures and options on futures. These tools can help market makers and traders hedge against the risk of volatility as well as improve the market liquidity
Clément-Guillotin, Corentin. "Genre et sexe dans le domaine sportif : d'une asymétrie sociale à une asymétrie cognitive." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA113003.
Full textThis thesis aims at showing some socio-cognitive mechanisms which would explain « why the spike heel does not guide the heel in sport ». It also addresses the validity of such issue. With regard to an important increase in female sports participation in the last thirty years, sport may not be a traditional masculine domain anymore. Eleven studies including a validation of questionnaire (Study 1) examined the influence of gender and sex categories on social judgements and current cognitive links between these categories and sport. According to Lorenzi-Cioldi (1988), to a social asymmetry in female and male relations would match a cognitive asymmetry. "Privileged" cognitive links between sport context and gender and sex categories are confirmed (Studies 9, 10 and 11). Studies 6 and 7 show in particular that masculine sex is salient in this context and becomes highly accessible in individual's cognitive system (i. E. , gender schema). This cognitive asymmetry permits to explain why studies 2, 3 and 6 show the emergence of stereotype in favour of men in PE teachers' judgments. These asymmetries also appear in gender categories. The sport-masculinity association seems integrated in gender schema (Studies 7 and 8) and being learned (Studies 4 and 5). This gendered cognitive asymmetry allows to understand why a masculine profile is considered as providing more chance to succeed in PE for pupils who endorse it (Studies 2 and 3) and why one perceives oneself more masculine when imagining being a successful athlete (Study 7). These studies are essentially based on theoretical approaches arguing ambivalence in individuals' judgments (e. G. , shifting standards model; Biemat, 2003) and using indirect methods (i. E. , using objective scales, priming and IAT paradigms, collecting response latencies)
Silvestre, Stephan. "Asymétries, volatilité et déterminants des prix sur les marchés des matières premières énergétiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100192/document.
Full textChanges in oil and fuel prices since the 1970s represent a major subject of study for economists, particularly because of tbeir impact on consumer purchasing power. In the 1990s, economists have ideotified and modeled an asymmetric effect in the transmission oil prices, which they deepened through more sophisticated econometric models. However, the role ofvolatility is still imperfectly de.scribed and questions remain open. How do economic agents change their behavior in times of increased uncertainty? Are transmission factors of prices affected? What differences are there between the upstream and downstream in the value chaio? These issues are addressed in three studies, which have been or will be the subject of publications in internatiooaJ journals. As a whole, this thesis shows the importance of the role of regime changes in the transmission of prices on energy markets. Our results also aUowed us to confirm or deny some assomptions ofliterature, such as the preseoce of asymmetries in the French fuel market, their disappearance in the downstream market as a result of competition and strengthening of public control, the effect of price volatility on asymmetries or that of the US production of sbale gas on the oatural gasconsumption. Tbese empirical results are of academic interest to ecooomists, but also operational for market regulators and governments in the management of the energy transition
Chuffart, Thomas. "Problèmes de choix de modèles dans la volatilité conditionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2022.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis composed by three chapters contributes to the development of model selection in GARCH-type models.The first chapter investigates whether the most common selection criteria lead to choose the right specification in a regime switching framework. We propose simulation experiments which reveal the inefficiency of some selection criteria in particular cases which lead to misspecification. Depending on the Data Generating Process used in the experiments, great care is needed when choosing a criterion.In the second chapter, a misspecication test for GARCH-type models is presented. We propose a Lagrange Multiplier type test based on a Taylor expansion to distinguish between (G)ARCH models and unknown nonlinear GARCH-type models. This test can be seen as a general misspecication test. We investigate the size and the power of this test through Monte Carlo experiments. We show the usefulness of our test with an illustrative empirical example based on daily exchange rate returns.In the third chapter, we study the impact of oil price returns on sovereign Credit Default Swaps (CDS) spreads for two major oil producers, Russia and Venezuela. Using daily spreads from 2008 to 2015, we find that crude oil price returns are a critical determinant of Venezuela CDS spreads changes, but does not explain significantly Russian CDS spreads. Indeed, oil prices seem to impact Russian CDS spreads through the exchange rates canal. Finally, we propose as an appendix the manual of the MSGtool, a MATLAB toolbox, which provides a collection of functions for the simulation and estimation of a large variety of Markov Switching GARCH (MSG) models
Le, Dreff Gwénaëlle. "Biais de positivité et asymétrie positive-négative dans le jugement." Rennes 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN20036.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation deals with the positive bias which tends to incline somebody else in a rather favourable light this concept is taken into consideration by teachers, people concerned with assessing and social workers. The experiments are carried out mainly with children-aged 9 to 12- and reveal a definite influence of society on the level of positivity of a judgment
Ruchaud, François. "Sexe, genre et jugement social dans le domaine des activités physiques et sportives : d’une asymétrie sociale à une asymétrie motrice." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100041.
Full textDespite efforts toward equality, the participation in a professional activity, recreational or sport contrary to gender stereotypes always involves of disapproval from others (Schmalz, Kerstetter, & Anderson, 2008). The objective of this doctoral work is to show that our judgments on gender and on sex of people are more influenced by the social hierarchy between the sexes, as by the context. This thesis advances, in a first part, that to a social asymmetry corresponds a cognitive asymmetry on the judgements related to the gender of the people. For men, only the dimension « feminine » varies according to the type of activity performed, while for women, the change is found on two dimensions: masculine and feminine. The same observation can be made in a sex categorization task. With measures in real-time (MouseTracker, Freeman & Ambady, 2010), in the second part, we show a motor asymmetry in the process of categorization that would reflect cognitive asymmetry observed previously. This result reinforces the idea that the man can be considered as the dominant group: its judgment do not depend on the context, while in contrast, we observe that judgments on women (i.e., the dominated group) are more influenced by the context. Finally, we explore the hypothesis that the influence of the social hierarchy would be marked at the functional level. In conclusion, this doctoral work supports the idea that our judgments on men and women are not only influenced by the context, but also by the social position of individuals
Kyrtsou, Catherine. "Hétérogénéité et chaos stochastique dans les marchés boursiers." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10003.
Full textYousfi, Ouidad. "Asymétrie d'information dans le financement des rachats LBO : une approche contractuelle." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100009.
Full textThis work provides a theory of the LBO finance; we study the relationship between the financial capital structure and the efforts' incentives when there is an information asymmetry. The first chapter describes the progress of the LBC acquisitions in the American, the European, and the French markets. We prescrit the factors explaining the LBO "wave' and the risks in these acquisitions. The second chapter provides a survey of the financial literature on the LBO debt. This literature shows that the debt has positive effects on the new company. It reduces agency costs, bas tex saving advantages increases the company performance and solves asymmetric information problems. But, it may be advantageous only fo the new shareholders of the acquired company because it induces just money's transfer. The gains corne from the creatiol of monopoly power. In chapter 3, we consider a double sided moral hazard model with three agents: the entrepreneur, th LBO fund and the bank. Without taxes, whether the project is financed with a mixture of debt and equity or solely wit equity, the entrepreneur and the LBO fund provide the saure levels of efforts. The debt has no impacts on the agentt inventives. We conclude that the excessive use of debt is explained by the tex advantages: the debt's interests are deduce from the amount of tex which creates additional revenue of success to be shared between the two partners. This revenu leads them to provide high efforts. The chapter 4 prescrits a dynamic agency model in which the LBO fund van write o the entrepreneur's project This decision depends on the legal environment, basically on the compensation cost, and on tl characteristics of the company's market. When all agents contrebute financially to the project, the threat of write-o induces the entrepreneur and the LBO fund to provide high but non-optimal efforts. When the compensation cost is fixed by the legislature, the optimal sharing ride depends on the quality of the competitive buyout : if this project is not ve profitable, it is shared between the bank and the entrepreneur. Otherwise, the whole compensation is pledged to the entrepreneur which boosts her inventives to provide high effort in the first period. When this cost is endogenous, the entrepreneur captures the entire amount of compensation
Malongo, Elouaï Hassan. "Couverture du risque de volatilité et de corrélation dans un portefeuille." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090005.
Full textThis work focuses on modeling the dynamics of volatilities and correlations between financial assets returns. After a literature review of univariate and multivariate GARCH-type models, the author establishes results for the existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions of dynamic correlations models (DCC model, Engle 2002). He then extends this class of models including instantaneous volatility and probability of regime changes in the dynamics of correlations. The new models are empirically evaluated on a MSCI portfolio. Formal tests have shown that some of these new specifications improve predictive power of the returns covariance matrix that would be useful in portfolio management. Finally, focusing now on the volatility risk, the author shows that hedging strategies of main European equity indices based on implied volatility indices (VIX, VSTOXX) are relevant and allow to both hedge and reduce the equity risk of a portfolio
Perret, Gaële. "Etude de l' asymétrie cyclone-anticyclone dans les sillages de grande échelle." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002367.
Full textGuillotel-Nothmann, Christophe. "Asymétrie conditionnelle et asymétrie spontanée des progressions harmoniques. Le rôle des dissonances dans la cristallisation de la syntaxe harmonique tonale, c. 1530-1745." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040191/document.
Full textThe theory of harmonic vectors identifies the asymmetry of root progressions as one of the most outstanding characteristics of tonal harmonic language. This study aims at explaining this phenomenon by defining, from a theoretical and empirical point of view, the evolution of the relationship between contrapuntal constraints – including the treatment of dissonance – and the asymmetry of root progressions. The reading of German treaties from 1548 to 1745 helps to consider the phenomenon of dissonance in its technical and rhetorical aspects, establishes links with the theories of cadence and triad, and investigates the semiotic, cognitive, aesthetic and philosophical principles that underlie the origin of asymmetry. In order to determine the evolution of correlation and causality between the asymmetry of root progressions and the treatment of the dissonance from an empirical point of view, this study will exploit the analysis of the counterpoint and harmony of a corpus of madrigals from 1530-1638. This computer-assisted statistical analysis aims at examining, form a synchronic and diachronic point of view, the links between the overall asymmetry and the asymmetry associated with dissonances. It explores the relationship between verbal and musical semantics and syntax and investigates the bonds between the asymmetry of root progressions and other characteristics of the harmonic syntax, including harmonic rhythm, morphology of chords and phenomena of polarization
Lemarinier, Pierre. "Fiabilité et traitement de la volatilité dans les systèmes de calcul global." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112258.
Full textThe distributed computing systems gather more and more processors and are thus subjected to higher failure frequencies. The message passing applications are now generally written using the MPI interface. Numbers of automatic and transparent fault tolerant protocols for message passing libraries have been proposed and implemented. All these protocols rely on checkpoint/restart mechanisms, coordinated or not. However, no comparison of these protocols have been presented yet, in term of cost on the initial performance of MPI applications. We expose in this paper the first comparison between the different kind of fault tolerant protocols. The first part describes in a common model five protocols: a distant pessimistic message logging protocol, a sender based pessimistic message logging protocol, a causal message logging protocol, a non blocking coordinated checkpoint protocol and finally a blocking coordinated checkpoint protocol. The second part of this thesis presents the implementation of the fourth first protocols in the MPICH library and the fifth protocol in the MPICH2 library. Then we sum up the experiment results we obtained for the pessimistic protocols implementation and detail the performance measurements of the causal implementation and the coordinated checkpoint implementations, using micro benchmarks and NAS applications on different computing systems
Houle, Jonathan. "Différences bilatérales dans les forces manuelles avec l'âge et leurs bases neurophysiologiques : une étude par stimulation magnétique transcrânienne (SMT)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36877.
Full textParis, Jonathan. "Mouvances des bases partisanes dans le système partisan québécois." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8830.
Full textGuillotel-Nothmann, Christophe [Verfasser]. "Asymétrie conditionnelle et asymétrie spontanée des progressions harmoniques : Le rôle des dissonances dans la cristallisation de la syntaxe harmonique tonale, c. 1530-1745 / Christophe Guillotel-Nothmann." Norderstedt : PubliQation, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1143276698/34.
Full textSamdani, Taufique. "L' asymétrie d'information et de conflits d'intérêts dans l'introduction des actions en bourse (IPO)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010063.
Full textMondelus, Rose-Myriam. "La santé dans l'octroi de crédit aux PME : entre asymétrie informationnelle et déviances mensongères." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD065.
Full textHealth is an important dimension in the different interactions between banks, insurance companies and SMES leaders. If the purpose displayed by the banking and insurance corporations by administering the questionnaire of health is to decrease the risks of non-payment, the heads of business aim is to find the necessary financing for the survival of their businesses. The challenge for each of the actors is important and leads deviances. The opportunism, in charge of deviant behavior adopted by stakeholders finds its genesis in the anti selection one of the effects of the asymmetry of information. The deviant and asymmetric triangulation made between the leaders of SME, banks and insurance companies on the health is a factor mattering in the management of the risk. This research aims at showing that the selection operated on the health of the leaders within the framework of the granting of credit creates pernicious effects. The incompleteness of the contracts being hardly verifiable, each of the concerned parties tries to maximize its profit by using several forms of cheating. The survival of SMES being closely linked to their financing, it appears, therefore interesting to highlight the nature of the existing lies between these organizations through the theories of deviance and the asymmetry of information
Myrgorodska, Iuliia. "Rupture de symétrie chirale : asymétrie et origine des molécules chirales impliquées dans l’évolution prébiotique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4057/document.
Full textSince the Pasteur’s discovery of chirality more than 150 years ago, the origin of homochirality remains to be an unresolved mystery, which is probably linked to the origin of life-itself. This puzzle was named by the journal Nature as one of the five biggest unresolved puzzles in modern science.Today there exist two ways to address the question of the origin of molecular homochirality. It implies either deterministic or chance scenario. The latest is based on the spontaneous resolution of enantiomers by phase transition, and in consequence, it cannot be tested. On the other hand, deterministic theories can be subjected to experimental confirmation, since if there was, in fact, a chiral influence that imposed its chirality this should in principle be reproducible.The presented manuscript is a synthesis of bibliographic research and experimental studies that focus on the interaction of CPL with chiral molecules which are put in the context of the origin of homochirality of life. This work is aiming to advance our understanding of chiroptical properties of chiral molecules as well as to determine chiral species susceptible to be present in cometary ice
Salvati, Jean. "Les énigmes dans les modèles d'évaluation basés sur la consommation : analyse et solutions." Paris 9, 1995. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1995PA090004.
Full textThis thesis adresses three puzzles in dynamic consumption-based asset pricing theory : mehra and prescott's equity premium and risk-free rate puzzles, and the excess volatility puzzle. Chapter 1 reviews traditional consumption-based asset pricing models with complete markets and time-separable preferences. Chapter 2 reviews the evidence on these models' inability to match the estimated first and second moments of asset returns for a reasonable value of the coefficient of relative risk aversion. Chapter 3 studies the impact of consumption habit persistence on a representative-agent model's predictions. The habit persistence model matches the estimated average asset returns for a coefficient of relative risk aversion close to twelve, but is unable to match the asset returns' standard deviations. Chapter 4 reviews three models with market incompleteness due to uninsurable shocks on labor income. These models fail to provide a solution to the puzzles. Chapter 5 introduces a model with incomplete markets, borrowing constraints, and incomplete participation in the stock market (caused by fixed information education costs). For sufficiently strict borrowing constraints, the model is able to match the estimated first and second moments of asset returns for a coefficient of relative risk aversion equal to 2
Sridi, Abir. "Méthodes Monte Carlo et modélisation du smile de volatilité dans un cadre multi-dimensionnel." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010069.
Full textDo, Thi Huong Giang. "La volatilité des flux de capitaux dans les pays émergents : phénomène de sudden stop." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0015.
Full text@The nineteen-nineties have witnessed a number of sudden stop crises in emerging countries that have liberalized capital flows fast. The sudden stop is a large, unexpected, and widespread collapse in capital flow. This phenomenon can be considered as incomplete information coordination games. This work studies the impact of uncertainty about the fundamentals on the probability of a sudden stop in an emerging country. We propose a theoretical analysis owing to a global game model with private information about the fundamentals. The main idea is that diverse public informational signals can be taken into account differently by player and are likely to lead to different appreciation. Equilibrium uniqueness comes from beliefs of higher order about informational structure, existence of dominant strategies, and existence of a unique threshold signal, below which everyone invests and above which no one does. The model predicts that the probability of a sudden stop increase with an increase in the uncertainty about the fundamentals. We empirically evaluate this result owing to Probit and Logit estimations using a large set of control variables. Finally, we discuss some of the policies that could reduce the incidence of sudden stops, or make the sudden stops problem less severe
Rimbault, Cécile. "Etude de la violation directe de CP dans la désintégration du méson B en mésons vecteurs incluant le mélange rho zero-omega dans le cadre de l'expérience LHCb." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006159.
Full textBlanchard, Jean-Baptiste. "Asymétrie de charge et mesures angulaires des bosons W dans l'expérience ATLAS auprès du LHC." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635049.
Full textBrezovski, Mathieu. "Inférence bayésienne des modèles à sauts dans la volatilité du sous-jacent des options négociables." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/BREZOVSKI_Mathieu_2005.pdf.
Full textSince the seminal contributions of Black and Scholes (1973) the range of the possible specifications to model the evolution of an underlying asset has considerably increased and continues to grow. These developments are justified by the need for taking into account the phenomena governing the dynamics of the underlying asset in order to provide theoretical option prices always more in adequacy with those observed. This thesis is devoted to the study of a new class of option pricing models with jumps in the volatility process. A significant place is granted to the estimation of this kind of models. The first two chapters of the thesis enable us to review the essential elements that are used as a basis for the original part of our work. We thus expose the principal results and weaknesses of standard option pricing models (Black and Scholes, stochastic volatility models and jump models), then, we describe the various existing estimation methods with a specific emphasis on the Bayesian approach. In the third chapter, we start from a widespread specification in the financial literature to propose a new model taking into account the existence of discontinuities in volatility process. After having discussed its risk-neutralization and having deduced a pricing formula, we illustrate the impact of jumps on the implied volatility surface. In the fourth chapter we describe an original Bayesian method of estimation based on the observation of the French volatility index, which allows to determine the risk-neutrals parameters of this model. Finally, in the fifth chapter, we expose an extended model where both asset returns and volatility follow jump diffusion processes
Mouallim, Isam. "Evaluation de la volatilité et de la corrélation dans la gestion du risque de marché." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10007.
Full textThis thesis has object to improve the methods for estimating market risk by offering solutions capable to replicate some empirical properties of asset returns. Through an empirical study on real data, we show that the reality of financial markets has some empirical characteristics known and summarized as "stylized facts" that render the conventional market risk measurement unable to reproduce. We propose a Value-at-Risk (VaR) measures, based on modeling portfolio volatility and correlations between assets classes, using two risk measurement approaches: an univariate risk measurement approach and multivariate risk measurement approach, and testing their quality predictive using backtesting procedures. The results obtained show a great ability of different used risk measurement to capture the stylized facts characterizing financial markets, with a clear outperformance of the multivariate VaR measures than the univariate VaR measures
Peng, Qidi. "Inférence statistique pour des processus multifractionnaires cachés dans un cadre de modèles à volatilité stochastique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10049/document.
Full textThe paradigmatic example of a multifractional stochastic process is multifractional Brownian motion (mBm). This fractal Gaussian process with continuous nowhere differentiable trajectories is a natural extension of the well-known fractional Brownian motion (fBm). FBm was introduced a longtime ago by Kolmogorov and later it has been made « popular» by Mandelbrot; in several outstanding works, the latter author has emphasized the fact that this model is of a great importance in various applied areas. Regarding mBm, it was introduced, more than fifteen years ago, by Benassi, Jaffard, Lévy Véhel, Peltier and Roux. Roughly speaking, it is obtained by replacing the constant Hurst parameter of fBm by a smooth function H(t) which depends on the time variable t. Therefore, in contrast with fBm, theincrements of mBm are non stationary and the local roughness of its trajectories (usually measured through the pointwise Hölder exponent) is allowed to significantly evolve over time; in fact, at each time t, the pointwise Hölder exponent of mBm is equal to H(t). It is worth noticing that the latter property makes this process more flexible than fBm; thanks to it, mBm has now become a useful model in the area of signal and image processing, aswell as in other areas such as finance. Since at least one decade, several authors have been interested in statistical inference problems connected with mBm and other multifractional processes/fields; their motivations have both applied and theoretical aspects. Among those problems, an important one is the estimation of H(t), the pointwise Hölder exponent at an arbitrary time t. In the solutions of such issues, the generalized quadratic variation method, which was first introduced by Istas and Lang in a setting of stationary increments processes, usually plays a crucial role. This method allows to construct asymptotically normal estimators starting from quadratic means of generalized increments of a process observed on a grid. So far, to our knowledge, in the statistical literature concerning mBm, it has been assumed that, the observation of the true values of this process on a grid, is available; yet, such an assumption does not always seem to be realistic. The main goal of the thesis is to study statistical inference problems related to mBm, when only a corrupted version of it, can be observed on a regular grid. This corrupted version is given by a class of stochastic volatility models whose definition is inspired by some Gloter and Hoffmann’s earlier works; last, notice that thanks to Itô formula this statistical setting can be viewed as the classical setting: « signal+noise »
Cailloux, Jacques. "Flux de capitaux, réversibilité et crises financières dans les pays émergents." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010043.
Full textCadot, Julien. "Asymétrie d'information dans la relation banque-entreprise : proposition d'un modèle adaptatif : le cas de l'installation en viticulture." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20110.
Full textGrimaud, Agnès. "Modélisation stochastique et estimation de la dispersion du pollen de maïs.Estimation dans des modèles à volatilité stochastique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011584.
Full textDans la seconde partie, on s'intéresse à des modèles à volatilité stochastique «mean-reverting», souvent utilisés en économie. Le processus observé est fonction d'une diffusion non observable dont on souhaite estimer les paramètres. Une méthode d'estimation à deux pas basée sur la structure ARMA(1,1) du processus est proposée, en utilisant un estimateur de moments et un contraste de Whittle. Des simulations sont réalisées afin de comparer cette méthode avec d'autres méthodes existantes. Ensuite un paramètre dit «leverage» est ajouté et un modèle discrétisé est étudié. Un critère auxiliaire est proposé pour estimer les paramètres à l'aide d'une méthode d'inférence indirecte. Enfin des simulations sont réalisées pour évaluer leurs performances.
Henon, Sandrine. "Évaluation et couverture de produits dérivés dans les marchés imparfaits : un modèle de taux avec volatilité stochastique." Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0242.
Full textPicconi, Fabio. "Gestion de la persistance et de la volatilité dans le système de fichiers pair-à-pair Pastis." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066627.
Full textGrimaud, Agnès. "Modélisation et estimation de la dispersion du pollen de maïs : estimation dans des modèles à volatilité stochastique." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011584.
Full textKozanoglu, Mehmet Deniz. "Banque centrale et politique monétaire dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STETT115.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to analyse monetary policy designs and monetary frameworks in developing countries. The thesis studies three features of the monetary policy framework: the level of central bank independence, the conduct of monetary policy and exchange rate regime. This study conducts quantitative empirical analyses as well as detailed case studies of three Middle East countries.The above mentioned quantitative analyses cover the following three domains: firstly the existence of the phenomenon of fear of floating and the relationship between exchange rate volatility and macroeconomic volatility, secondly the level of monetary policy independence in developing countries in the context of increasing integration of these countries into the global economic system and lastly the level of central bank independence as well as the way in which it influences both the phenomenon of fear of floating and monetary independence. The findings show that the central bank independence contributes to the increase of national monetary policy independence from the world interest rates and reduces the fear of floating in developing countries, at least to a certain extent. The main conclusions drawn from the case studies put forward that central bank independence is vital in the process of attaining both price stability and exchange rate stability. Nevertheless, developing countries should not aim only at exchange rate stability and they should avoid neglecting other factors for long periods. As a matter of fact, the findings emphasize the advantages of an effective and prudent exchange rate regime management
Cottet, Patrice. "Critères de segmentation marketing et volatilité de la demande finale dans le cadre des biens de grande consommation." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040307.
Full textValero, Vanessa. "Incitations et engagements dans les partenariats Public-Privé." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10027.
Full textThis thesis investigates three questions related to the role of private sector involvement in the provision of public goods or services. The State withdrawal from such provision has led to the use of partnerships between the public and the private sectors. They take place through a variety of contracts from the traditional form of public procurement to the modern form, Public-Private Partnership (PPP). The first chapter analyzes the contracting out of public services through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) subject to government opportunism. The construction of a public infrastructure and its operation are carried out by a private sector firm. Due to bundling of these two tasks, the PPP efficiency is affected by government's commitment power, contrarily to the traditional procurement, in which the two tasks are contracted out separately. We find that the PPP cost efficiency is damaged by the government opportunism but not sufficiently to recommend the use of TP contract. PPP contract should still be preferred by the government. We conclude that, contrarily to the widespread view, government commitment is not the key factor determining the success of PPP. The second chapter offers an empirical study to contribute to the debate over the efficiency of private provision of water services, looking at the main policy lessons that can be drawn from recent French experience. The purpose of this paper is to accurately evaluate the impact of private management on water prices after taking into account the selection bias. To do so, we use a treatment effect approach in a latent variable framework following the Carpentier et al. (2006) methodology. Two specific treatment parameters are reexamined: the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) and the effect of Treatment on the Treated (ATT). Contrary to the previous empirical findings, we show that private management does not have a significant impact on water prices. The third chapter examines the provision of a public good subject to a risk of disruption in a dynamic setting. To hedge against this risk, a public authority may use a dual sourcing policy. Instead of awarding the entire production to one firm (sole sourcing), he may split production among two firms (dual sourcing). If the production of one firm is disrupted, the other firm may take over. However, ensuring the continuity of production increases the procurement cost since a less efficient firm may be awarded part of the production. The public authority thus faces a trade-off when deciding upon the procurement policy. We first examine the optimal choice between sole and dual sourcing. Then, we determine the optimal share of production awarded to each firm in case of dual sourcing. We also consider how asymmetry of information on the secondary firm's efficiency affects the optimal procurement policy since an informational rent is given up to this firm. Finally, we extend our model to consider the influence of lobbying on the public authority's choice of procurement policy
Sterpone, Fabio. "Le transfert d'électron dans le Centre Réactionnel de Rb. Sphaeroides : asymétrie fonctionnelle et mutations étudiées par simulation de Dynamique moléculaire." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066310.
Full textNecsulea, Anamaria. "Etude des patrons d'évolution asymétrique dans les séquences d'ADN." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00305419.
Full textNous avons étudié la co-orientation entre réplication et transcription chez les procaryotes. Nous proposons une méthode pour l'étude des biais de composition qui découple ces deux sources d'asymétrie. Nous montrons que les biais associés à la réplication sont très variables, même entre espèces proches.
Nous avons ensuite analysé le patron de substitution dans les régions transcrites et autour des origines de réplication du génome humain, et notamment l'effet du contexte 5'-3'. Les biais de voisinage sont similaires pour l'asymétrie associée à la réplication et à la transcription. La variation des taux de substitutions en fonction du patron d'expression des gènes suggère qu'un biais de réparation asymétrique et contexte-dépendant pourrait être en jeu.
Enfin, nous avons proposé une méthode de calcul du patron de substitution dans des séquences à composition biaisée: les microsatellites. Nous avons démontré que les microsatellites transcrits sont sujets au mêmes processus asymétriques que les régions non-répétées.
Chirtes, Pelea Alina. "Aspects culturels dans la traduction du conte merveilleux : roumain<=>français." Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0002.
Full textThe scope of this research is to examine the bearing of the historical, political and cultural context on the textual choices translators of fairy tales make, specifically the choices made by romanian-french, french-romanian translatiors. The research aligns itself with the general framework of the sociology of translation and is premised on the assumption the cultures under consideration find themselves in an essentially asymmetrica relation. French on the one hand enjoys a privileged literary and cultural status worldwide, having long acted as a source of continuous inspiration for Romanian culture. Romanian culture on the other hand, with a younger national literature, occupies a marginal position in the international arena. Along our research, this asymmetrical relation, rooted as it is in historical factors, and impacting significantly on cultural exchange, has proved to be even more profound. The asymmetry manifests itself at the level of the differing acceptations and connotations the fairy tale genre acquires in the two cultures, the readers horizon of expectations, the editorial strategies and the audience targeted by translations. The corpus we peruse illustrates the influence of these disparities on the choices made by translators as regards cultural designations as well as stylistic elements. Thus, while in the rendition of tales from Romanian, we note a tendency toward foreignisation, translations from French evidence for the larger part an assimilate, adoptive practice. It is our contention that the reasons for this lie in the different valences informing the asymmetry at work between the two cultures
Majidi, Elmehdi. "Finance islamique et croissance économique : quelles interactions dans les pays MENA." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2001/document.
Full textThis dissertation contains three essays on different issues on mergers and acquisitions, left unexplored or unresolved by the existing literature. The first study examine the relationship between Islamic finance development and economic growth in a panel of 15 MENA and Sout-est-asia countries over the 2000-2009 period, using a variety of econometric methods and four standard measures of Islamic financial development. The study identifies two sets of findings. First, fixed effects estimation, panel-data-instrument variables regressions and GMM-difference estimator reveal that the relationship between Islamic financial development and economic growth is positive. The semiparametric panel model shows that there is evidence of nonlinearity in the data. The second study, assess empirically the effect of the 2007-2008 subprime financial crisis on Islamic banks using a sample of 27 Islamic banks and 43 conventional banks during the period from 2005 to 2009. Using the Z-score as indicator of bank stability the results of our regression analysis show that there is no difference in terms of the effect of the financial crisis on the soundness of Islamic bank and their conventional counterparts. The third study aims to examine the volatility of Islamic stock index compared to their conventional counterparts. Five major Islamic stock indexes have been the subject of our third study as well as their conventional counterparts. Covering a time period from 12/02/2009 to 12/02/2014. The application of Granger causality tests detected different causalities during the period, between the returns series under study. Employing Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (GARCH), our results indicate that, four among five Islamic stock indexes were less volatile than their conventional counterparts. But, one Islamic index are more volatile than their conventional counterpart
Coutton, Didier. "Le Marketing de l'offre actionnariale dans un objectif de création de valeur économique : le cas des sociétés du CAC 40." Paris, CNAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CNAM0530.
Full textAssuming financial markets are not totally efficient and shareholder value is the ultimate objective of a listed company, designing a marketing offer dedicated to shareholders can be justified. This marketing, targeting shareholders, hence its appelation "Marketing for Shareholders", is a services and relationship marketing intended to build up a loyal shareholder base and to avoid share price volatility thanks to : (1)a marketing mix designed to attract loyal investors and (2) retention strategies implemented to keep shareholders loyal. The doctoral dissertation is devoted to the attraction process from a managerial perspective. It establishes the relation between the marketing mix variables and the shareholder value
Rimbault, Cécile. "Etude de la violation directe de CP dans la désintégration du méson B en mésons vecteurs incluant le mélange $\rho^0-\omega$ dans le cadre de l'expérience LHCb." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006159.
Full textDans une seconde partie, nous introduisons l'étude précédemment décrite dans le cadre de l'expérience LHCb, consacrée à l'étude de la beauté et de la violation de CP, qui débutera en 2007. L'analyse de la réponse simulée du détecteur à l'un des canaux modélisés, le canal B0 -> K*0 \rho^0 (\omega) a été réalisée dans le but d'estimer l'intér.et de ce canal pour une telle expérience. Il s'est avéré que l'effet du mélange \rho^0 - \omega dans ce canal n'est a priori pas observable à court terme dans LHCb. En revanche, le canal \rho+ \rho^0 (\omega), dont le rapport d'embranchement prédit dans ce travail est confirmé par Babar et Belle, semble .etre un terrain d'investigation prometteur pour l'observation d'une asymétrie différentielle.
Chougule, Anil Mahaveer. "Rôle des régulateurs de l'actine dans la mise en place de l'asymétrie gauche-droite chez la Drosophile : la formine DAAM est essentielle pour l’asymétrie gauche-droite." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4007.
Full textBesides their external bilateral symmetry, most of the animals display left-right (LR) asymmetry of their internal organs. The asymmetric shapes and positions of the visceral organs are regulated by LR asymmetry signaling pathways and their disturbance results in severe congenital disorders. LR patterning in vertebrates and in invertebrates is regulated by different cytoskeletal elements: vertebrates employ microtubules and cilia, while in invertebrates, including Drosophila, the actin cytoskeleton has a prominent role. The actin system has long been proposed to play important role in animal LR asymmetry. To date, the proteins that are directly involved in the regulation of actin dynamics in establishing LR asymmetry have not been identified. In Drosophila, dextral anatomical handedness is determined by a single gene, the conserved type 1D myosin (Myo1D), discovered by the Noselli laboratory. myo1D is a unique situs inversus gene and a key LR determinant. Loss of myo1D function leads to a totally inverted LR organ asymmetry in flies (Sinistral). The genetic and developmental basis of sinistral asymmetry is unknown. Studies in zebrafish and Xenopus have shown that the myo1D orthologs control LR asymmetry indicating its evolutionarily conserved function in LR patterning in Drosophila and vertebrates. Further recent work by the Noselli laboratory has discovered that Myo1D is not only necessary for establishing LR asymmetry in Drosophila but also sufficient to generate de novo LR asymmetries at multiscale levels. This de novo asymmetry is assumed to result from a chiral interaction of Myo1D and actin filaments based on noncell-based assays. Defining this mechanism in vivo is critical to understanding the role of actin and its regulators as a reinforcing link between Myo1D and the actin cytoskeleton in animal LR asymmetry. To characterize the role of actin cytoskeleton in LR asymmetric development, I performed an RNA interference-based genetic screen down-regulating the functions of cytoskeletal genes in both Dextral and Sinistral genetic backgrounds. My study identifies the main actin nucleator formin DAAM as an essential component for LR asymmetry determination in Drosophila. Flies lacking DAAM show symmetrical morphogenesis of LR organs indicating the loss of LR asymmetry. Notably, DAAM is required for both dextral and sinistral development in Drosophila. In addition, genetic analysis revealed that dextral development requires the F-actin network constructed by coordinated activities of the formins Diaphanous and DAAM. Moreover, DAAM is also required for de novo formation of LR asymmetry, suggesting that the DAAM nucleated F-actin network acts as an essential structural component required for chirality determination involving Myo1D activity. DAAM overexpression enhances these asymmetries further adding an extra chiral twist, reflecting that a pool of DAAM decorated actin filaments acts as limiting factor for organ looping in LR asymmetry. In this setting, DAAM molecularly interacts with the Drosophila homolog of Profilin, chickadee (chic) and silencing chic mimics the DAAM loss-of-function phenotype. I also uncovered roles for a subset of actin regulators fli, Lg(2)l, Tec29, Dizzy, βPS mys, rhea and Rap1 in LR asymmetry, indicating they functionally act in the same actin regulatory pathway. Altogether, these original findings clearly demonstrated the fundamental role of actin and its regulation by formins in LR asymmetry and provide insight into the molecular basis underlying animal asymmetry
Konczykowski, Piotr. "Etude de l’asymétrie de spin du faisceau dans l’électroproduction de photons auprès du spectromètre CLAS au Jefferson Lab et développement de détecteurs Micromegas pour le futur spectromètre CLAS12." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112374.
Full textThe Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) formalism unifies different visions of the nucleon structure. Indeed, these distributions make the correlation between the quark's transversal positions accessible by Form Factors and longitudinal momentum fractions contained in parton distribution functions. The extraction of these distributions represents one of the major objectives of hadronic physics. The easiest way to access to GPD is by the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) reaction which consists of nucleon photon electro-production. The first part of this thesis concerned the calculation of DVCS beam spin asymmetries in e1-dvcs experiment beside CLAS spectrometer. The obtained results should impose important constraints on the GPD models. The second part of the thesis concerned the development of Micromegas detector for the future spectrometer CLAS12. Micromegas detector is a part of a new generation of micro-strip gaseous chambers (MSGC). In 2015 Jefferson Lab's accelerator will be upgraded, increasing the energy of the electron beam from 6 to 12 GeV. The Hall B spectrometer will be upgraded to CLAS12. Some Micromegas will be used for tracking in the new central detector. The experimental disposal for studying their behavior with magnetic and electric fields is explained in this thesis. Some tests made in Saclay and in Jefferson Lab with a magnetic field up to 4. 5T show that Micromegas can work in such high fields
Ksaier, Ahmed. "Crise de change : essai de modélisation prévisionnelle dans les cas de la crises asiatique de 1997." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0013.
Full textThe Asian financial crisis triggered in 1997 differs from previous crises by both its intensity and scope. Its unprecedented devastating impacts have affected not only whole Asia but also the rest of the world through its contagion effect. From the experience of the Asian crisis of 1997, the objective of this work is to predict the occurrence of a currency crisis from a set of warning indicators. We open our work by a first chapter, which outlines the theoretical literature’s evolution relating to problems of currency crises. The second chapter is devoted to the development of econometric methodology, which is based on logit model. Indeed, it is used to evaluate the predictive ability of the indicators and identify the most contributory variables to the increased probability of currency crisis’ occurrence. In the third chapter, we sought to understand the dynamics of certain variables that reflect financial panics and other financial market instabilities. To refine the modeling of the complex dynamics that governs the daily returns of these financial series, we focus our attention on long memory process. The objective is to strive for the best possible model in order to improve changes anticipation in future returns and volatility, which is often associated to a measure of financial risk, and thereby minimize the risk of occurrence of a financial crisis. Finally, in light of the Asian crisis of 1997, the fourth chapter shows that currency crises have negative effects on economic growth and foreign direct investment
Chapelain, Antoine. "Mesure de l’asymétrie de charge des paires de quarks top-antitop dans les états finals dileptoniques auprès des détecteurs D0 et ATLAS." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077128.
Full textParticle physics aims to give a coherent description of the nature and the behavior of elementary particles of matter. Particle accelerators (colliders) allow pushing back our knowledge in this domain producing particles that cannot be observed by other means. This thesis work contributes to this research field and focuses on the study of the top quark which is the latest brick of matter discovered and the heaviest known elementary particle. The property of the top quark studied here, the charge asymmetry of the top quark-antiquark pairs, has driven a lot of attention in 2011 because of measurements released by Tevatron experiments. These measurements showed deviations with the predictions made in the framework of the standard model of particle physics. New measurements of the charge asymmetry performed at the Tevatron (with the DO detector) and at the LHC (with the ATLAS detector) are presented in this thesis
Leroy, François. "Etude Méthodologique et Structurale du Développement Cérébral en IRM : Application aux Aires du Langage dans une Population de Nourrissons." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633171.
Full textBerdjane, Belkacem. "Consommation et investissement optimaux dans des marchés financiers à coefficients aléatoires." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES029.
Full textWe consider an optimal investment and consumption problem for a Black-Scholes financial market with stochastic coefficients driven by a diffusion process. We assume that an agent makes consumption and investment decisions based on a constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) utility functions. The dynamical programming approach leads to an investigation of the Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) equation which is a highly non linear partial differential equation (PDE) of the second order. By using the Feynman-Kac representation we prove uniqueness and smoothness of the solution. Moreover, we study the optimal convergence rate of the iterative numerical schemes for both the value function and the optimal portfolio. We show, that in this case, the optimal convergence rate is super geometrical, i. E. Is more rapid than any geometrical one. We apply our results to a stochastic volatility financial market. We consider the same consumption and investment problem but we consider a Black-Scholes financial market with stochastic volatility and unknown stock appreciation rate. The volatility parameter is driven by an external economic factor modeled as a diffusion process, of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type with unknown drift. We use the dynamical programming approach and find an optimal financial strategy which depends on the drift parameter. To estimate the drift coefficient we observe the economic factor Y in the interval [0, T0] with fixed T0 > 0, and use a fixed-accuracy sequential estimation. Moreover, we consider the optimal consumption and investment problem on the finite interval [T0, T] under the estimated parameter. We show that the expected absolute deviation of the objective function from the optimal one, is less than some fixed positive small parameter δ, i. E. The strategy calculated through the sequential procedure is δ-optimal
Bengueddach, Hakim. "Etude des protéines VFL3 et OFD1 dans le mécanisme d'ancrage des corps basaux chez la paramécie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS556/document.
Full textCilia are evolutionary conserved organelles developing from basal bodies and which play essential roles in many physiological processes. Their development depends upon a correct anchoring of basal bodies at the cell surface. In Paramecium, three conserved proteins, FOR20, Centrin 2 and Centrin 3, sequentially recruited are required for the anchoring process. I analyzed the function of two others conserved proteins, OFD1 and VFL3, likely involved in the anchoring process. In particular, the role of OFD1 in motile cilia biogenesis had not been really studied yet. In P. tetraurelia, which has undergone at least three global genome duplications, a single gene encodes OFD1, while two families VFL3-A and VFL3-B coexist. Depletion of the VFL3-B proteins produced no effect, but VFL3-3 was localized at the basal bodies. Although OFD1 and the VFL3-A proteins are both involved in the positioning and anchoring of the basal bodies, they participate in different mechanisms. Concerning OFD1, the anchoring defects reflected defects in basal body distal part assembly, in agreement with its known role in the assembly of the distal appendages of primary cilia. It localizes in the transition zone, between the microtubule doublets and the ciliary membrane. The recruitment of OFD1 and FOR20 to the basal bodies is interdependent, while OFD1 and Centrin2 were not. These observations demonstrate the conserved role of OFD1 in the anchoring mechanisms in motile cilia and clarify its relations with FOR20 and Centrin 2. In addition to the anchoring defects, depletion of the two VFL3-A isoforms causes an anarchic distribution of the striated rootlets which mark the rotational polarity of basal bodies. This suggests that these proteins are involved in the establishment of this polarity, required for the correct positioning of the different appendages which guide the neoformed basal bodies towards the cell surface. One isoform of VFL3-A is transiently localizes at the proximal tip of the mother basal body, at an early stage of its assembly, between the striated rootlet and the microtubules to which they are associated. VFL3-1 might then be an extrinsic polarity factor for the basal body. Altogether, these results underscore the complexity of the anchoring process which requires not only the correct assembly of the distal part but also of the proximal appendages in Paramecium
Doublet, Philippe. "Hadrons dans un calorimètre électromagnétique silicium-tungstène hautement granulaire - Production du quark top à l'International Linear Collider." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657967.
Full textSuchocka-Chainay, Hanna. "Asymétrie entre les catégories naturelles et les artefacts dans les tâches de dénomination et de reconnaissance visuelle : la pathologie Alzheimer et le fonctionnement normal." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T077.
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