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1
Ahlswede, R., and H. Aydinian. "Sparse asymmetric connectors in communication networks." Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics 21 (August 2005): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endm.2005.07.004.
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Ahlswede, R., and H. Aydinian. "Construction of asymmetric connectors of depth two." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 113, no. 8 (November 2006): 1614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2006.03.009.
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Baltz, Andreas, Gerold Jäger, and Anand Srivastav. "Constructions of sparse asymmetric connectors with number theoretic methods." Networks 45, no. 3 (March 8, 2005): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/net.20058.
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Wang, Yonghui, Jingyi Lu, Ximei Zhai, and Bowen Xue. "Crushing of energy absorption connectors with polyurethane foam and asymmetric pleated plates." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 166 (March 2020): 105902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.105902.
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Pham, Thao T. H., Jasper van der Gucht, J. Mieke Kleijn, and Martien A. Cohen Stuart. "Reversible polypeptide hydrogels from asymmetric telechelics with temperature-dependent and Ni2+-dependent connectors." Soft Matter 12, no. 22 (2016): 4979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sm00218h.
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An asymmetric (‘hybrid’) triblock polypeptide TR4H with two different, orthogonally self-assembling end blocks has been constructed by conjugating a long (37 kDa) random coil block (R4) with a triple helix former T = (Pro-Gly-Pro)9 at the N terminus, and a histidine hexamer (‘Histag’, H) at the C terminus.
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Hu, Peng, Zhongyuan Zhou, Jinpeng Li, Xiang Zhou, Mingjie Sheng, Peng Li, and Qi Zhou. "Measurement Techniques for Electromagnetic Shielding Behavior of Braided-Shield Power Cables: An Overview and Comparative Study." Measurement Science Review 19, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2019-0028.
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Abstract More and more EMC tests have shown that the radiated emission problems of the equipment under test mainly concentrate on the intercon- nected power cables and cable connectors. Measurement of shielding performance is a prerequisite for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the frequency-dependent characteristic of braided-shield power cables and cable connectors. Due to the asymmetric geometric structures of these cable assemblies, compared with the coaxial and symmetrical communication cables, the commonly used transfer impedance testing methods may not be suitable. In view of this, several improved simple and effective measurement methods, including transfer impedance and shield reduction factor testing methods, were proposed in recent years. These methods, based on the equivalent circuit model of the characteristic parameters, provide good repeatability for the measurement of shielding performance. This paper presents an overview analysis of various measurement techniques for shielding performance of power cables and cable connectors, highlights some of its equivalence principle in measurement setups, and showcases a brief comparison between transfer impedance and shield reduction factor.
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Li, Yufu, and XiaoXing Yin. "Design of Output-Input Inversed Polarity Pulse Power Divider for Ultra-Wideband Communications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9257121.
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The implementation of a output-input inverse polarity pulse power divider based on the use of a SMA directly feed asymmetric coplanar stripline phase inverter for ultra-wideband communication is proposed. The novelty of the proposed power divider can be demonstrated that the electromagnetic energy guided by the CPW divides naturally into the slots of two asymmetric coplanar striplines and the polarity of the input pulse be reversed by asymmetric coplanar stripline to SMA transition. SMA connectors are mounted directly to the output asymmetric coplanar striplines and seven pairs of metal rods are soldered vertically to the substrate with seven resistors on top for improving the isolation and matching performance. The simulated and measured result in frequency domain agree well showing equal power division with less than 2 dB of additional insertion loss and in-phase for the outputs ports across the desired band of 0.4 GHz to 4.0 GHz (one decade) which indicates an ultra-wideband feature. The return loss for all the ports and the isolation between the two output ports are better than 10 dB which demonstrates good matching and isolation performance. To illustrate the short pulse performance of the proposed power divider, Inverse Fourier Transformation is used to calculate the input and output signals. The Gaussian pulse with a −10 dB bandwidth is utilized as the stimulus signal and the port signals in time domain are derived from the measured scattering parameters and discussed. Time domain results show that the same magnitude of the pulse is obtained between the two outputs and the polarity of the output pulse has been inversed compared to the input one. Simulated and measured results in both frequency and time domain agree well and show the feasibility and validity of the proposed power dividers.
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Mejías-Bikandi, Errapel. "Gradual conventionalization of pragmatic inferences." International Review of Pragmatics 11, no. 2 (May 14, 2019): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18773109-01102102.
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Abstract The alternation in Spanish between y and e on the one hand, and u and o in the other, is examined. It is proposed that the standard account under which the choice of one variant over the other is sensitive only to the phonetic context is incomplete. Specifically, the paper argues that pragmatic inferences that typically appear cross-linguistically associated with these connectors, and that result in asymmetric interpretations, are not favoured in Spanish with the morphological variants e and u, which favour symmetric interpretations. The paper proposes that the relevant pragmatic inferences have been partially conventionalized for y and o, but that this conventionalization has not occurred in the case of e and u for the reason that they are much less frequently used. Thus, discussion and data offer a view of a stage in a gradual process of semantic change via conventionalization of pragmatic inferences.
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Monks, J. "The topology of a plant-insect visitation network from the Hajar Mountains, Oman." Entomologist's Gazette 72, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/g00138894.721.1794.
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The Arabian Peninsula is a hotspot for bee diversity but studies looking at plant-insect interactions there remain rare. A network analysis of insects visiting wildflowers in the Hajar Mountains, Oman was made from the results of eight survey periods between 2016 and 2020. Centrality scores were used to assess the role different groups of potential pollinators play in network topology. A list of 113 insect species visiting 26 plant species has been compiled with Lepidopteran species acting as important connectors within the network. A nested, asymmetric and compartmentalised network was recorded. The order Hymenoptera was the most species rich group, with 46 species recorded followed by Diptera (43 spp.), Lepidoptera (13 spp.), and Coleoptera (11 spp.). Amegilla pyramidalis (Kirby, 1900) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Antho phorini) is recorded for the first time outside of the Socotra Archipelago. The study is the first specific effort to record the flower visitation behaviour of insects in Oman and gives an overview of the resulting visitation network.
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Wang, T., J. Yang, Z. Sun, L. Zhang, and K. Song. "A generic streaming data acquisition system for high-energy physics experiments." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): C03045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/c03045.
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Abstract The data acquisition system is a vital component in the high-energy physics experiment. To reduce redundant developments and allow for a fast setup under changing conditions, D-Matrix has been developed as an integrative solution in digital signal domain, including the hardware infrastructure and the data handling logical system. Its philosophy is to abstract different tasks in the data processing and encapsulate them as reusable modules with standard inter-module connectors. Furthermore, D-Matrix builds a unified model to integrate software and hardware design so that the system can be built from a global view. D-Matrix will be used in ion cooler-storage-ring external-target experiments. It aims at the research of phase structure of cold and high baryon density nuclear matter and the equation of states of cold asymmetric nuclear matter at supra-saturation densities. This DAQ can also be used in other high-energy physics experiments with little modifications. This paper presents the architecture and some details of the D-Matrix.
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Rohe, Karl, Tai Qin, and Bin Yu. "Co-clustering directed graphs to discover asymmetries and directional communities." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 45 (October 21, 2016): 12679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525793113.
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In directed graphs, relationships are asymmetric and these asymmetries contain essential structural information about the graph. Directed relationships lead to a new type of clustering that is not feasible in undirected graphs. We propose a spectral co-clustering algorithm called di-sim for asymmetry discovery and directional clustering. A Stochastic co-Blockmodel is introduced to show favorable properties of di-sim. To account for the sparse and highly heterogeneous nature of directed networks, di-sim uses the regularized graph Laplacian and projects the rows of the eigenvector matrix onto the sphere. A nodewise asymmetry score and di-sim are used to analyze the clustering asymmetries in the networks of Enron emails, political blogs, and the Caenorhabditiselegans chemical connectome. In each example, a subset of nodes have clustering asymmetries; these nodes send edges to one cluster, but receive edges from another cluster. Such nodes yield insightful information (e.g., communication bottlenecks) about directed networks, but are missed if the analysis ignores edge direction.
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Seo, Jincheol, Kyung Seob Lim, Chang-Yeop Jeon, SeungHo Baek, Hyeon-Gu Yeo, Won Seok Choi, Sung-Hyun Park, et al. "Determination of the Unilaterally Damaged Region May Depend on the Asymmetry of Carotid Blood Flow Velocity in Hemiparkinsonian Monkey: A Pilot Study." Parkinson's Disease 2022 (November 9, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4382145.
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The hemiparkinsonian nonhuman primate model induced by unilateral injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into the carotid artery is used to study Parkinson’s disease. However, there have been no studies that the contralateral distribution of MPTP via the cerebral collateral circulation is provided by both the circle of Willis (CoW) and connections of the carotid artery. To investigate whether MPTP-induced unilaterally damaged regions were determined by asymmetrical cerebral blood flow, the differential asymmetric damage of striatal subregions, and examined structural asymmetries in a circle of Willis, and blood flow velocity of the common carotid artery were observed in three monkeys that were infused with MPTP through the left internal carotid artery. Lower flow velocity in the ipsilateral common carotid artery and a higher ratio of ipsilateral middle cerebral artery diameter to anterior cerebral artery diameter resulted in unilateral damage. Additionally, the unilateral damaged monkey observed the apomorphine-induced contralateral rotation behavior and the temporary increase of plasma RANTES. Contrastively, higher flow velocity in the ipsilateral common carotid artery was observed in the bilateral damaged monkey. It is suggested that asymmetry of blood flow velocity and structural asymmetry of the circle of Willis should be taken into consideration when establishing more efficient hemiparkinsonian nonhuman primate models.
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Malek, Martin. "Russia’s Asymmetric Wars in Chechnya since 1994." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 08, no. 4 (2009): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.08.4.05.
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Caforio, Giuseppe. "The Concreteness of Asymmetric War: Fragments of Experience." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 11, no. 3 (2012): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.11.3.02.
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Caforio, Giuseppe. "The Asymmetric Warfare Environment as Described by the Participants." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 12, no. 2 (2012): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.12.2.03.
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Diallo, Waly, Ndongo Gueye, Aurélien Crochet, Laurent Plasseraud, and Hélène Cattey. "Crystal structure of dimethylammonium hydrogen oxalate hemi(oxalic acid)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 5 (April 11, 2015): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015005964.
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Single crystals of the title salt, Me2NH2+·HC2O4−·0.5H2C2O4, were isolated as a side product from the reaction involving Me2NH, H2C2O4and Sn(n-Bu)3Cl in a 1:2 ratio in methanol or by the reaction of the (Me2NH2)2C2O4salt and Sn(CH3)3Cl in a 2:1 ratio in ethanol. The asymmetric unit comprises a dimethylammonium cation (Me2NH2+), an hydrogenoxalate anion (HC2O4−), and half a molecule of oxalic acid (H2C2O4) situated about an inversion center. From a supramolecular point of view, the three components interact togetherviahydrogen bonding. The Me2NH2+cations and the HC2O4−anions are in close proximity through bifurcated N—H...(O,O) hydrogen bonds, while the HC2O4−anions are organized into infinite chainsviaO—H...O hydrogen bonds, propagating along thea-axis direction. In addition, the oxalic acid (H2C2O4) molecules play the role of connectors between these chains. Both the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups of each diacid are involved in four intermolecular interactions with two Me2NH2+and two HC2O4−ions of four distinct polymeric chains,viatwo N—H...O and two O—H...O hydrogen bonds, respectively. The resulting molecular assembly can be viewed as a two-dimensional bilayer-like arrangement lying parallel to (010), and reinforced by a C—H...O hydrogen bond.
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HORAS, JORGE A., and EDGAR A. BEA. "DISTINGUISHING SPURIOUS AND NOMINAL ATTRACTORS APPLYING UNLEARNING TO AN ASYMMETRIC NEURAL NETWORK." International Journal of Neural Systems 12, no. 02 (April 2002): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065702001047.
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We study a neural network with asymmetric connections used as an associative memory. Asymmetry allows the nominal patterns to be stored in cycles. We apply an unlearning procedure, which modifies the synaptic connections. We analyze the global performance, including the network capacity, the attraction basin's size and also the relaxation time distribution. The latter shows a convenient bimodality that is used for discriminating between spurious and stored memory attractors. We show that unlearning in asymmetric networks allows enhancing the global performance of retrieval including retrieval of a sequence of correlated patterns.
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Zlatanovic, Milan, Svetislav Mincic, and Ljubica Velimirovic. "On integrability conditions of derivation equations in a subspace of asymmetric affine connection space." Filomat 29, no. 10 (2015): 2421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1510421z.
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In a space LN of asymmetric affine connection by equations (1.1) a submanifold XM ? LN is defined. On XM and on pseudonormal submanifold NXN-M asymmetric induced connections are defined. Because of asymmetry of induced connection it is possible to define four kinds of covariant derivative. In this work we are considering integrability conditions of derivational equations [4] obtained by help of the 1st and the 2nd kind of covariant derivative. The corresponding Gauss-Codazzi equations are obtained too.
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Choi, Yong-Ho, Je-Yeon Yun, Bo-Hyun Kim, Min-Ho Lee, Sa-Kwang Song, and Jong-Min Lee. "Gender-Related and Hemispheric Effects in Cortical Thickness-Based Hemispheric Brain Morphological Network." BioMed Research International 2020 (August 11, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3560259.
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Objective. The current study examined gender-related differences in hemispheric asymmetries of graph metrics, calculated from a cortical thickness-based brain structural covariance network named hemispheric morphological network. Methods. Using the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans of 285 participants (150 females, 135 males) retrieved from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), hemispheric morphological networks were constructed per participant. In these hemispheric morphologic networks, the degree of similarity between two different brain regions in terms of the distributed patterns of cortical thickness values (the Jensen–Shannon divergence) was defined as weight of network edge that connects two different brain regions. After the calculation and summation of global and local graph metrics (across the network sparsity levels K=0.10‐0.36), asymmetry indexes of these graph metrics were derived. Results. Hemispheric morphological networks satisfied small-worldness and global efficiency for the network sparsity ranges of K=0.10–0.36. Between-group comparisons (female versus male) of asymmetry indexes revealed opposite directionality of asymmetries (leftward versus rightward) for global metrics of normalized clustering coefficient, normalized characteristic path length, and global efficiency (all p<0.05). For the local graph metrics, larger rightward asymmetries of cingulate-superior parietal gyri for nodal efficiency in male compared to female, larger leftward asymmetry of temporal pole for degree centrality in female compared to male, and opposite directionality of interhemispheric asymmetry of rectal gyrus for degree centrality between female (rightward) and male (leftward) were shown (all p<0.05). Conclusion. Patterns of interhemispheric asymmetries for cingulate, superior parietal gyrus, temporal pole, and rectal gyrus are different between male and female for the similarities of the cortical thickness distribution with other brain regions. Accordingly, possible effect of gender-by-hemispheric interaction has to be considered in future studies of brain morphology and brain structural covariance networks.
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Ramhormozian, Shahab, George Charles Clifton, Gregory A. MacRae, and Hsen Han Khoo. "The Sliding Hinge Joint: Final Steps towards an Optimum Low Damage Seismic-Resistant Steel System." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.751.
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The Sliding Hinge Joint with Asymmetric Friction Connectors (SHJ), to give its full name, is a semi-rigid moment resisting joint used between the beams and columns of a moment-resisting steel frame and also at the column base between the column and the ground. It’s performance is intended to be as follows: 1) On completion of construction, rigid under serviceability limit state conditions, 2) During a severe earthquake, allowing controlled rotation between the column and the beam or foundation on designated friction sliding planes within the connection, then 3) Returning to its rigid in-service condition at the end of the severe shaking with the building returning to its pre-earthquake position (self-centering). During its development and proof of concept through large scale testing, the initial results showed that the SHJ as originally designed and detailed performs 1) and 2) very well, but the bolts in the friction sliding planes loose much of their original installed bolt tension during significant sliding, lowering the level at which rotation within the joint will occur post severe earthquake. A concerted research programme of component testing, analytical model development and numerical modelling in recent years has developed solutions to the bolt tension loss issue as well as enhanced the joint’s performance to deliver dependable self-centering capability for the building. This work marks the final steps towards developing an optimum low damage seismic-resisting steel moment frame system. This paper presents key findings from the research work and general recommendations for the optimum performing sliding hinge joint.
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Smith, Kelly A., and Veronica Uribe. "Getting to the Heart of Left–Right Asymmetry: Contributions from the Zebrafish Model." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 8, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8060064.
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The heart is laterally asymmetric. Not only is it positioned on the left side of the body but the organ itself is asymmetric. This patterning occurs across scales: at the organism level, through left–right axis patterning; at the organ level, where the heart itself exhibits left–right asymmetry; at the cellular level, where gene expression, deposition of matrix and proteins and cell behaviour are asymmetric; and at the molecular level, with chirality of molecules. Defective left–right patterning has dire consequences on multiple organs; however, mortality and morbidity arising from disrupted laterality is usually attributed to complex cardiac defects, bringing into focus the particulars of left–right patterning of the heart. Laterality defects impact how the heart integrates and connects with neighbouring organs, but the anatomy of the heart is also affected because of its asymmetry. Genetic studies have demonstrated that cardiac asymmetry is influenced by left–right axis patterning and yet the heart also possesses intrinsic laterality, reinforcing the patterning of this organ. These inputs into cardiac patterning are established at the very onset of left–right patterning (formation of the left–right organiser) and continue through propagation of left–right signals across animal axes, asymmetric differentiation of the cardiac fields, lateralised tube formation and asymmetric looping morphogenesis. In this review, we will discuss how left–right asymmetry is established and how that influences subsequent asymmetric development of the early embryonic heart. In keeping with the theme of this issue, we will focus on advancements made through studies using the zebrafish model and describe how its use has contributed considerable knowledge to our understanding of the patterning of the heart.
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Melozzi, Francesca, Eyal Bergmann, Julie A. Harris, Itamar Kahn, Viktor Jirsa, and Christophe Bernard. "Individual structural features constrain the mouse functional connectome." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 52 (December 11, 2019): 26961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906694116.
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Whole brain dynamics intuitively depend upon the internal wiring of the brain; but to which extent the individual structural connectome constrains the corresponding functional connectome is unknown, even though its importance is uncontested. After acquiring structural data from individual mice, we virtualized their brain networks and simulated in silico functional MRI data. Theoretical results were validated against empirical awake functional MRI data obtained from the same mice. We demonstrate that individual structural connectomes predict the functional organization of individual brains. Using a virtual mouse brain derived from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas, we further show that the dominant predictors of individual structure–function relations are the asymmetry and the weights of the structural links. Model predictions were validated experimentally using tracer injections, identifying which missing connections (not measurable with diffusion MRI) are important for whole brain dynamics in the mouse. Individual variations thus define a specific structural fingerprint with direct impact upon the functional organization of individual brains, a key feature for personalized medicine.
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Borghammer, Per. "The α-Synuclein Origin and Connectome Model (SOC Model) of Parkinson’s Disease: Explaining Motor Asymmetry, Non-Motor Phenotypes, and Cognitive Decline." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 11, no. 2 (April 13, 2021): 455–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-202481.
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A new model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis is proposed, the α-Synuclein Origin site and Connectome (SOC) model, incorporating two aspects of α-synuclein pathobiology that impact the disease course for each patient: the anatomical location of the initial α-synuclein inclusion, and α-synuclein propagation dependent on the ipsilateral connections that dominate connectivity of the human brain. In some patients, initial α-synuclein pathology occurs within the CNS, leading to a brain-first subtype of PD. In others, pathology begins in the peripheral autonomic nervous system, leading to a body-first subtype. In brain-first cases, it is proposed that the first pathology appears unilaterally, often in the amygdala. If α-synuclein propagation depends on connection strength, a unilateral focus of pathology will disseminate more to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Thus, α-synuclein spreads mainly to ipsilateral structures including the substantia nigra. The asymmetric distribution of pathology leads to asymmetric dopaminergic degeneration and motor asymmetry. In body-first cases, the α-synuclein pathology ascends via the vagus to both the left and right dorsal motor nuclei of the vagus owing to the overlapping parasympathetic innervation of the gut. Consequently, the initial α-synuclein pathology inside the CNS is more symmetric, which promotes more symmetric propagation in the brainstem, leading to more symmetric dopaminergic degeneration and less motor asymmetry. At diagnosis, body-first patients already have a larger, more symmetric burden of α-synuclein pathology, which in turn promotes faster disease progression and accelerated cognitive decline. The SOC model is supported by a considerable body of existing evidence and may have improved explanatory power.
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Kurmankozhayev, Azimkhan, and Elmira Seilbekovna Yesbergenova. "STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS AND INTERCHANGEABILITY OF ASYMMETRIC TYPES OF THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTIONS." EurasianUnionScientists 6, no. 8(77) (September 16, 2020): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.6.77.999.
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Presented the results of evaluation of structural connection, identity and interchangeability of main asymmetric types of theoretical distributions most often acceptable for assessing the distributions of various indicators in geology and technology. The method of empirical analysis and statistical inference was used with the involvement of nonparametric facts according to the distribution patterns. The analysis of the empirical results of the application of the lognormal, gamma distribution and the Weibull distribution with the involvement of extensive statistical data from literary and research sources is carried out. The characteristic features and statistical regularities of distributions inherent to them are revealed, estimated statistical conclusions are obtained, according to which structural relationships between the functions of the lognormal, gamma and Weibull distributions are revealed. The identity and authenticity of the development of probabilistic frequencies in their application have been established, the complex geometric "image" of asymmetry inherent to these types of distributions is generalized. Structural relationships and interchangeability of asymmetric types of distributions are recommended to increase the reliability and credibility of the estimated choice of distribution in conditions of uncertainty and insignificance of statistical data when solving problems associated with forecasts, technological and computer developments.
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Dinomais, Mickael, Eva Chinier, Isabelle Richard, Emmanuel Ricalens, Christophe Aubé, Sylvie N’Guyen The Tich, and Aram Ter Minassian. "Hemispheric Asymmetry of Supplementary Motor Area Proper: A Functional Connectivity Study of the Motor Network." Motor Control 20, no. 1 (January 2016): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2014-0076.
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Cerebral asymmetry is a common feature of human functions. However, there are discrepancies in the literature about functional hemispheric asymmetries in the supplementary motor area (SMA), specifically in the posterior part (SMA-proper). We used resting state functional connectivity MRI to investigate the left-right asymmetries of the functional networks associated with primary motor cortex (M1) and SMA-proper using a “seed”-based correlation analysis in 30 healthy right-handed subjects. We showed that left M1 was more connected with areas involved in the motor system than right M1, and that right SMA-proper had more functional connections than its left counterpart. Our results are in agreement with a leftward asymmetry for M1 connectivity, whereas there is a rightward asymmetry of the SMA-proper connectivity.
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Stauskis, Vytautas J., and Marius Mickaitis. "VIBRATION ATTENUATION AT ASYMMETRIC CROSS‐FORM JOINTS OF BUILDINGS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2005.9636342.
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The aim of the work is to estimate sound energy transmission through asymmetrical cross‐junctions in buildings. Several kinds of these joints have been investigated. Theoretical calculation model to obtain transmission loss was developed and a system of equations established. The equations were solved and expressions were obtained for predicting transmission loss. Using this procedure for different structural connections, the simplified calculation formulas were received for different cases of asymmetrical cross‐joint. The influence of geometrical parameters and material properties were determined for the sound energy attenuation in the joints of buildings. The obtained results may be applied for evaluation of influence flanking noise transmission through different asymmetric cross‐junctions in buildings.
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Putnam, Mary Colvin, Megan S. Steven, Karl W. Doron, Adam C. Riggall, and Michael S. Gazzaniga. "Cortical Projection Topography of the Human Splenium: Hemispheric Asymmetry and Individual Differences." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 8 (August 2010): 1662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21290.
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The corpus callosum is the largest white matter pathway in the human brain. The most posterior portion, known as the splenium, is critical for interhemispheric communication between visual areas. The current study employed diffusion tensor imaging to delineate the complete cortical projection topography of the human splenium. Homotopic and heterotopic connections were revealed between the splenium and the posterior visual areas, including the occipital and the posterior parietal cortices. In nearly one third of participants, there were homotopic connections between the primary visual cortices, suggesting interindividual differences in splenial connectivity. There were also more instances of connections with the right hemisphere, indicating a hemispheric asymmetry in interhemispheric connectivity within the splenium. Combined, these findings demonstrate unique aspects of human interhemispheric connectivity and provide anatomical bases for hemispheric asymmetries in visual processing and a long-described hemispheric asymmetry in speed of interhemispheric communication for visual information.
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Zhang, Li-Yang, Li-Ping Lu, and Si-Si Feng. "A two-dimensional mixed-valence CuII/CuIcoordination polymer constructed from 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 72, no. 8 (July 22, 2016): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205322961601161x.
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Coordination polymers are a thriving class of functional solid-state materials and there have been noticeable efforts and progress toward designing periodic functional structures with desired geometrical attributes and chemical properties for targeted applications. Self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands is one of the most efficient and widely utilized methods for the construction of CPs under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions. 2-(Pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (HPIDC2−) has been proven to be an excellent multidentate ligand due to its multiple deprotonation and coordination modes. Crystals of poly[aquabis[μ3-5-carboxy-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylato-κ5N1,O5:N3,O4:N2]copper(II)dicopper(I)], [CuIICuI2(C10H5N3O4)2(H2O)]n, (I), were obtained from 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (H3PIDC) and copper(II) chloride under hydrothermal conditions. The asymmetric unit consists of one independent CuIIion, two CuIions, two HPIDC2−ligands and one coordinated water molecule. The CuIIcentre displays a square-pyramidal geometry (CuN2O3), with twoN,O-chelating HPIDC2−ligands occupying the basal plane in atransgeometry and one O atom from a coordinated water molecule in the axial position. The CuIatoms adopt three-coordinated Y-shaped coordinations. In each [CuN2O] unit, deprotonated HPIDC2−acts as anN,O-chelating ligand, and a symmetry-equivalent HPIDC2−ligand acts as an N-atom donorviathe pyridine group. The HPIDC2−ligands in the polymer serve as T-shaped 3-connectors and adopt a μ3-κ2N,O:κ2N′,O′:κN′′-coordination mode, linking one CuIIand two CuIcations. The Cu cations are arranged in one-dimensional –Cu1–Cu2–Cu3– chains along the [001] direction. Further crosslinking of these chains by HPIDC2−ligands along thebaxis in a –Cu2–HPIDC2−–Cu3–HPIDC2−–Cu1– sequence results in a two-dimensional polymer in the (100) plane. The resulting (2,3)-connected net has a (123)2(12)3topology. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the phase purity for (I), and susceptibilty measurements indicated a very weak ferromagnetic behaviour. A thermogravimetric analysis shows the loss of the apical aqua ligand before decomposition of the title compound.
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Nie, Yimin, Jean-Marc Fellous, and Masami Tatsuno. "Influence of External Inputs and Asymmetry of Connections on Information-Geometric Measures Involving Up to Ten Neuronal Interactions." Neural Computation 26, no. 10 (October 2014): 2247–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00633.
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The investigation of neural interactions is crucial for understanding information processing in the brain. Recently an analysis method based on information geometry (IG) has gained increased attention, and the property of the pairwise IG measure has been studied extensively in relation to the two-neuron interaction. However, little is known about the property of IG measures involving more neuronal interactions. In this study, we systematically investigated the influence of external inputs and the asymmetry of connections on the IG measures in cases ranging from 1-neuron to 10-neuron interactions. First, the analytical relationship between the IG measures and external inputs was derived for a network of 10 neurons with uniform connections. Our results confirmed that the single and pairwise IG measures were good estimators of the mean background input and of the sum of the connection weights, respectively. For the IG measures involving 3 to 10 neuronal interactions, we found that the influence of external inputs was highly nonlinear. Second, by computer simulation, we extended our analytical results to asymmetric connections. For a network of 10 neurons, the simulation showed that the behavior of the IG measures in relation to external inputs was similar to the analytical solution obtained for a uniformly connected network. When the network size was increased to 1000 neurons, the influence of external inputs almost disappeared. This result suggests that all IG measures from 1-neuron to 10-neuron interactions are robust against the influence of external inputs. In addition, we investigated how the strength of asymmetry influenced the IG measures. Computer simulation of a 1000-neuron network showed that all the IG measures were robust against the modulation of the asymmetry of connections. Our results provide further support for an information-geometric approach and will provide useful insights when these IG measures are applied to real experimental spike data.
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Bjørk, MH, and T. Sand. "Quantitative EEG Power and Asymmetry Increase 36 h Before a Migraine Attack." Cephalalgia 28, no. 9 (September 2008): 960–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01638.x.
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The aim was to estimate ictal, pre- and postictal brain function changes in migraine in a blinded paired quantitative EEG (QEEG) study. EEG recordings ( n = 119) from 40 migraineurs were retrospectively classified as ictal, interictal, preictal or postictal. δ, θ, α and β power, and hemispheric asymmetry in frontocentral, temporal and occipitoparietal regions were calculated from artefact-free EEG. Power and power asymmetry were calculated for two time-windows, 36 and 72 h before/after the attack, and compared with the interictal values. Frontocentral δ power increased ( P = 0.03), whereas frontocentral θ and α power tended to increase ( P < 0.09) within 36 h before the next attack compared with the interictal period. Occipitoparietal (α and θ) and temporal (α) power were more asymmetric before the attack compared with the interictal baseline ( P < 0.04). Ictal posterior a power increased slightly ( P = 0.01). Postictal power and power asymmetry were not significantly different from interictal baseline. EEG activity seems to change shortly before the attack. This suggests that migraineurs are most susceptible to attack when anterior QEEG δ power and posterior α and θ asymmetry values are high. Changed activity patterns in cholinergic brainstem or basal forebrain nuclei and thalamo-cortical connections before the migraine attack are hypothesized.
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Reggia, James A., Sharon Goodall, and Yuri Shkuro. "Computational Studies of Lateralization of Phoneme Sequence Generation." Neural Computation 10, no. 5 (July 1, 1998): 1277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976698300017458.
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The mechanisms underlying cerebral lateralization of language are poorly understood. Asymmetries in the size of hemispheric regions and other factors have been suggested as possible underlying causal factors, and the corpus callosum (interhemispheric connections) has also been postulated to play a role. To examine these issues, we created a neural model consisting of paired cerebral hemispheric regions interacting via the corpus callosum. The model was trained to generate the correct sequence of phonemes for 50 monosyllabic words (simulated reading aloud) under a variety of assumptions about hemispheric asymmetries and callosal effects. After training, the ability of the full model and each hemisphere acting alone to perform this task was measured. Lateralization occurred readily toward the side having larger size, higher excitability, or higher learning-rate parameter. Lateralization appeared most readily and intensely with strongly inhibitory callosal connections, supporting past arguments that the effective functionality of the corpus callosum is inhibitory. Many of the results are interpretable as the outcome of a “race to learn” between the model's two hemispheric regions, leading to the concept that asymmetric hemispheric plasticity is a critical common causative factor in lateralization. To our knowledge, this is the first computational model to demonstrate spontaneous lateralization of function, and it suggests that such models can be useful for understanding the mechanisms of cerebral lateralization.
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Bocovich, Cecylia, and Ian Goldberg. "Secure asymmetry and deployability for decoy routing systems." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2018, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2018-0020.
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Abstract Censorship circumvention is often characterized as a cat-and-mouse game between a nation-state censor and the developers of censorship resistance systems. Decoy routing systems offer a solution to censor- ship resistance that has the potential to tilt this race in the favour of the censorship resistor by using real connections to unblocked, overt sites to deliver censored content to users. This is achieved by employing the help of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) or Autonomous Systems (ASes) that own routers in the middle of the net- work. However, the deployment of decoy routers has yet to reach fruition. Obstacles to deployment such as the heavy requirements on routers that deploy decoy router relay stations, and the impact on the quality of service for customers that pass through these routers have deterred potential participants from deploying existing systems. Furthermore, connections from clients to overt sites often follow different paths in the upstream and downstream direction, making some existing designs impractical. Although decoy routing systems that lessen the burden on participating routers and accommodate asymmetric flows have been proposed, these arguably more deployable systems suffer from security vulnerabilities that put their users at risk of discovery or make them prone to censorship or denial of service attacks. In this paper, we propose a technique for supporting route asymmetry in previously symmetric decoy routing systems. The resulting asymmetric solution is more secure than previous asymmetric proposals and provides an option for tiered deployment, allowing more cautious ASes to deploy a lightweight, non-blocking relay station that aids in defending against routing-capable adversaries. We also provide an experimental evaluation of relay station performance on off-the-shelf hardware and additional security improvements to recently proposed systems.
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Chen, Kevin S. "Optimal Population Coding for Dynamic Input by Nonequilibrium Networks." Entropy 24, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24050598.
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The efficient coding hypothesis states that neural response should maximize its information about the external input. Theoretical studies focus on optimal response in single neuron and population code in networks with weak pairwise interactions. However, more biological settings with asymmetric connectivity and the encoding for dynamical stimuli have not been well-characterized. Here, we study the collective response in a kinetic Ising model that encodes the dynamic input. We apply gradient-based method and mean-field approximation to reconstruct networks given the neural code that encodes dynamic input patterns. We measure network asymmetry, decoding performance, and entropy production from networks that generate optimal population code. We analyze how stimulus correlation, time scale, and reliability of the network affect optimal encoding networks. Specifically, we find network dynamics altered by statistics of the dynamic input, identify stimulus encoding strategies, and show optimal effective temperature in the asymmetric networks. We further discuss how this approach connects to the Bayesian framework and continuous recurrent neural networks. Together, these results bridge concepts of nonequilibrium physics with the analyses of dynamics and coding in networks.
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Chen, Kevin S. "Optimal Population Coding for Dynamic Input by Nonequilibrium Networks." Entropy 24, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24050598.
Full textAbstract:
The efficient coding hypothesis states that neural response should maximize its information about the external input. Theoretical studies focus on optimal response in single neuron and population code in networks with weak pairwise interactions. However, more biological settings with asymmetric connectivity and the encoding for dynamical stimuli have not been well-characterized. Here, we study the collective response in a kinetic Ising model that encodes the dynamic input. We apply gradient-based method and mean-field approximation to reconstruct networks given the neural code that encodes dynamic input patterns. We measure network asymmetry, decoding performance, and entropy production from networks that generate optimal population code. We analyze how stimulus correlation, time scale, and reliability of the network affect optimal encoding networks. Specifically, we find network dynamics altered by statistics of the dynamic input, identify stimulus encoding strategies, and show optimal effective temperature in the asymmetric networks. We further discuss how this approach connects to the Bayesian framework and continuous recurrent neural networks. Together, these results bridge concepts of nonequilibrium physics with the analyses of dynamics and coding in networks.
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Chen, Kevin S. "Optimal Population Coding for Dynamic Input by Nonequilibrium Networks." Entropy 24, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24050598.
Full textAbstract:
The efficient coding hypothesis states that neural response should maximize its information about the external input. Theoretical studies focus on optimal response in single neuron and population code in networks with weak pairwise interactions. However, more biological settings with asymmetric connectivity and the encoding for dynamical stimuli have not been well-characterized. Here, we study the collective response in a kinetic Ising model that encodes the dynamic input. We apply gradient-based method and mean-field approximation to reconstruct networks given the neural code that encodes dynamic input patterns. We measure network asymmetry, decoding performance, and entropy production from networks that generate optimal population code. We analyze how stimulus correlation, time scale, and reliability of the network affect optimal encoding networks. Specifically, we find network dynamics altered by statistics of the dynamic input, identify stimulus encoding strategies, and show optimal effective temperature in the asymmetric networks. We further discuss how this approach connects to the Bayesian framework and continuous recurrent neural networks. Together, these results bridge concepts of nonequilibrium physics with the analyses of dynamics and coding in networks.
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Hsiao, Janet H., Ben Cipollini, and Garrison W. Cottrell. "Hemispheric Asymmetry in Perception: A Differential Encoding Account." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 7 (July 2013): 998–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00377.
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Hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of local and global features has been argued to originate from differences in frequency filtering in the two hemispheres, with little neurophysiological support. Here we test the hypothesis that this asymmetry takes place at an encoding stage beyond the sensory level, due to asymmetries in anatomical connections within each hemisphere. We use two simple encoding networks with differential connection structures as models of differential encoding in the two hemispheres based on a hypothesized generalization of neuroanatomical evidence from the auditory modality to the visual modality: The connection structure between columns is more distal in the language areas of the left hemisphere and more local in the homotopic regions in the right hemisphere. We show that both processing differences and differential frequency filtering can arise naturally in this neurocomputational model with neuroanatomically inspired differences in connection structures within the two model hemispheres, suggesting that hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of local and global features may be due to hemispheric asymmetry in connection structure rather than in frequency tuning.
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Aparecida Fernandes, Lidiane, Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva, Lucas Savassi Figueiredo, Juliana Otoni Parma, Tércio Apolinário-Souza, and Guilherme Menezes Lage. "Modulation of motor cortices on manual asymmetries." Kinesiology 54, no. 1 (2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.54.1.2.
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Differences between hands in motor performance are associated with differences in the interaction of inhibitory connections of homologous parts of the cerebral hemispheres. Modulation of these inhibitory connections in the right and left primary motor cortex (M1) may alter manual performance asymmetries. To investigate this assumption, eleven right-handed male university students performed a discrete aiming task in a digitizing tablet under three experimental conditions: dominant M1 inhibition, non-dominant M1 inhibition, and sham. The Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation technique was used to increase or decrease participants’ M1 excitability. We used a within-subject design, in which we counterbalanced the order of conditions and the order of the starting hand among participants. The performance-dependent variables were: reaction time, movement time, and radial error, while kinematic variables were: peak velocity, relative time to peak velocity, and number of discontinuities in acceleration in the final homing phase. Results showed changes in asymmetry related to reaction time, movement time, and relative time to peak velocity. The interaction between M1 modulation and hemispheric specialization produced specific changes in these variables. Taken together, these findings revealed that modulation of the dominant and non-dominant M1 affects manual performance asymmetries.
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Gelenbe, Erol, and Zarina Kazhmaganbetova. "Cognitive Packet Network for Bilateral Asymmetric Connections." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 10, no. 3 (August 2014): 1717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2014.2321740.
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Woodward, Sheryl L., Weiyi Zhang, Balagangadhar G. Bathula, Gagan Choudhury, Rakesh K. Sinha, Mark D. Feuer, John Strand, and Angela L. Chiu. "Asymmetric Optical Connections for Improved Network Efficiency." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 5, no. 11 (October 22, 2013): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.5.001195.
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Wagatsuma, Hiroaki, and Yoko Yamaguchi. "Cognitive Map Formation Through Sequence Encoding by Theta Phase Precession." Neural Computation 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 2665–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0899766042321742.
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The rodent hippocampus has been thought to represent the spatial environment as a cognitive map. The associative connections in the hippocampus imply that a neural entity represents the map as a geometrical network of hippocampal cells in terms of a chart. According to recent experimental observations, the cells fire successively relative to the theta oscillation of the local field potential, called theta phase precession, when the animal is running. This observation suggests the learning of temporal sequences with asymmetric connections in the hippocampus, but it also gives rather inconsistent implications on the formation of the chart that should consist of symmetric connections for space coding. In this study, we hypothesize that the chart is generated with theta phase coding through the integration of asymmetric connections. Our computer experiments use a hippocampal network model to demonstrate that a geometrical network is formed through running experiences in a few minutes. Asymmetric connections are found to remain and distribute heterogeneously in the network. The obtained network exhibits the spatial localization of activities at each instance as the chart does and their propagation that represents behavioral motions with multidirectional properties. We conclude that theta phase precession and the Hebbian rule with a time delay can provide the neural principles for learning the cognitive map.
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Dayawansa, Samantha, Stacey Ruch, and Ralph Norgren. "Parabrachial-hypothalamic interactions are required for normal conditioned taste aversions." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 306, no. 3 (February 1, 2014): R190—R200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00333.2013.
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Rats with bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the parabrachial nuclei (PBN) fail to acquire a conditioned taste aversion (CTA), yet they retain the ability to express a CTA learned prior to incurring the damage. Rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) also have CTA learning deficits. The PBN have reciprocal neural connections with the LH. This suggests that these CTA deficits may be functionally related. Electrolytic lesions damage fibers of passage, as well as intrinsic neurons. Thus, these LH lesions might also interrupt reciprocal connections between the PBN and other ventral forebrain areas, such as the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. To distinguish the source of the LH-lesion deficit, we tested for CTA first after bilateral excitotoxic lesions of LH and subsequently with a second set of animals that had asymmetric excitotoxic PBN and LH lesions. The rats with bilateral excitotoxic LH lesions showed deficits when acquiring a postlesion CTA. The asymmetrical PBN-LH lesions not only slowed acquisition of a CTA but also sped up extinction. This implies that interaction between the two structures, at minimum, facilitates CTA learning and may have a role in its consolidation.
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Fogt, Ryan L., Julie M. Jones, and James Renwick. "Seasonal Zonal Asymmetries in the Southern Annular Mode and Their Impact on Regional Temperature Anomalies." Journal of Climate 25, no. 18 (April 6, 2012): 6253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00474.1.
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Abstract The Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM) is the dominant mode of climate variability in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere. Representing variations in pressure and the corresponding changes to the circumpolar zonal flow, it is typically thought of as an “annular” or ringlike structure. However, on seasonal time scales the zonal symmetry observed in the SAM in monthly or annual mean data is much less marked. This study further examines the seasonal changes in the SAM structure and explores temperature signals across the Southern Hemisphere that are strongly tied to the asymmetric SAM structure. The SAM asymmetries are most marked in the Pacific sector and in austral winter and spring, related to changes in the jet entrance and exit regions poleward of 30°S. Depending on the season, the asymmetric SAM structure explains over 25% of the variance in the overall SAM structure and has strong connections with ENSO or zonal wavenumber 3. In austral summer and autumn the SAM has been becoming more zonally symmetric, especially after 1980, perhaps tied to changes in anthropogenic forcing. Across the Pacific sector, including the Antarctic Peninsula, temperature variations are strongly tied to the asymmetric SAM structure, while temperatures across East Antarctica are more strongly tied to the zonally symmetric SAM structure. The results suggest that studies examining the climate impacts of the SAM across the Southern Hemisphere need to consider the seasonal variations in the SAM structure as well as varying impacts between its positive and negative polarity to adequately describe the underlying relationships.
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Turesson, Hjalmar K., Olga E. Rodríguez-Sierra, and Denis Pare. "Intrinsic connections in the anterior part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 10 (May 15, 2013): 2438–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00004.2013.
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Intrinsic connections in the anterior portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST-A) were studied using patch recordings and ultraviolet (UV) glutamate uncaging (GU) in vitro. UV light was delivered at small BNST-A sites in a grid-like pattern while evoked responses were monitored in different BNST-A regions. Three sectors were distinguished in the BNST-A using fiber bundles readily identifiable in transilluminated slices: the anterior commissure, dividing the BNST-A into dorsal and ventral (BNST-AV) regions, and the intra-BNST component of the stria terminalis, subdividing the dorsal portion into medial (BNST-AM) and lateral (BNST-AL) regions. Overall, GU elicited GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) more frequently than excitatory postsynaptic potentials. The incidence of intraregional connections was higher than interregional links. With respect to the latter, asymmetric connections were seen between different parts of the BNST-A. Indeed, while reciprocal connections were found between the BNST-AL and BNST-AM, BNST-AL to BNST-AM connections were more frequent than in the opposite direction. Similarly, while GU in the BNST-AM or BNST-AL often elicited IPSPs in BNST-AV cells, the opposite was rarely seen. Within the BNST-AM, connections were polarized, with dorsal GU sites eliciting IPSPs in more ventrally located cells more frequently than the opposite. This trend was not seen in other regions of the BNST. Consistent with this, most BNST-AM cells had dorsally directed dendrites and ventrally ramified axons, whereas this morphological polarization was not seen in other parts of the BNST-A. Overall, our results reveal a hitherto unsuspected level of asymmetry in the connections within and between different BNST-A regions, implying a degree of interdependence in their activity.
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Woodward, Sheryl L., Weiyi Zhang, Balagangadhar G. Bathula, Gagan Choudhury, Rakesh K. Sinha, Mark D. Feuer, John Strand, and Angela L. Chiu. "Asymmetric Optical Connections for Improved Network Efficiency: Erratum." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 5, no. 12 (November 27, 2013): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.5.001468.
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Lin, Jinping, Kangmin Wu, Shan Yang, and Qianqian Liu. "The Asymmetric Pattern of Population Mobility during the Spring Festival in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Complex Network Analysis: An Empirical Analysis of “Tencent Migration” Big Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090582.
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Population mobility patterns are an important reflection of the future distribution of migrant populations and the evolution trends of urbanization patterns. However, although research based on statistical data can reveal the pattern of population flow, it also shows a time lag. Most of the population flow network research based on location services data has failed to fully discuss the symmetry of directional outflows and inflows in the same place and the two-way symmetrical connections between places. This paper creatively proposes and constructs the concept and analysis framework of population flow asymmetry. We used the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as a typical case and the results of our analysis reveal the temporal and spatial asymmetry of the population flow using complex network analysis methods based on the Spring Festival (SF) population migration big data. We found that the timing asymmetry manifested in such a way that the closer it was to the festival, the greater the scale and intensity of the population movement. This is a feature of the lack of scale and regional differences within China. The spatial asymmetry was manifested in three aspects, network, node, and link, and the core cities with administrative and economic hierarchical advantages dominated the asymmetric pattern of regional population mobility. In addition, distance and administrative boundaries are factors that cannot be ignored in population movements, and they were implicated in the degree of asymmetry by distance enhancement and administrative boundary blocking. The conclusions of this study can not only provide policy decision-making guidelines for population management and resource allocation in the YRD, but they can also provide a reference value for achieving the goal of regional, high-quality, integrated development. Future research will further the discussion and management of socio-economic attributes in order to develop a more detailed and microscopic understanding of the mechanisms of population mobility patterns.
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Qiao, Wei, Shouyi Han, Kaikai Diao, and Xiaodong Sun. "Optimization Design and Control of Six-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor with Decoupling Winding Connections." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 8801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178801.
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In this paper, a design optimization method is proposed to reduce the current asymmetric and consequent torque ripple for a six-phase Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM). First, the inconsistent current phenomenon of the investigated SRM is introduced, and the relationship between the magnetic distribution and the phase currents is investigated by magnetic circuit analysis. Then, for the reduction in computational cost, a surrogate model is utilized to establish the response surface model between the optimization objectives and variables. Furthermore, multiobjective optimization is performed based on structural design optimization and asymmetric control, and the best design solution is selected for the drive system. Compared with the traditional symmetric control, it can be found that the proposed asymmetric control can mitigate the inconsistent phase currents and reduce the torque ripple. Finally, a prototype motor is manufactured and tested. Both the simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness and the reasonability of the analysis and the optimization.
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Chanchi Golondrino, Jose Christian, Gregory Anthony MacRae, James Geoffrey Chase, Geoffrey William Rodgers, Anthony Kwabena Gyekye Abu, and George Charles Clifton. "Asymmetrical friction connections post-heating behaviour." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 149 (October 2018): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.07.018.
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Marlin, S., R. Douglas, and M. Cynader. "Position-specific adaptation in complex cell receptive fields of the cat striate cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 69, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 2209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.2209.
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1. Responses of complex cells in cat striate cortex were studied with flashed light slit stimuli. The responses to slits flashed in different positions in the receptive field were assessed quantitatively before and after periods of prolonged stimulation of one small region of the receptive field. This type of prolonged stimulation resulted in reduced responsivity over a limited zone within the complex cell receptive field. 2. The adaptation-induced responsivity decrement was generally observed in both the ON and OFF response profiles but could also be restricted to one or the other. In general, the magnitude of the response decrements was greatest in the ON response profiles. The adaptation-induced response decrement did not necessarily spread throughout the receptive field but was restricted to a small region surrounding the adapted receptive field position (RFP). Adaptation spread equally widely across the ON and OFF response profiles despite the smaller adaptation effects in the OFF profile. 3. The adaptation effects from repeated stimulation at a single RFP did not spread symmetrically across the receptive field, and a given cell's preferred direction of motion indicated the direction of the asymmetric spread of the adaptation. RFPs that would be stimulated by a light slit originating at the point of adaptation and moving in the preferred direction (preferred side) showed greater adaptation-induced response decrements than did RFPs that would be stimulated by a light slit moving in the opposite direction from the point of adaptation (nonpreferred side). There was significant enhancement of responses at some RFPs on the non-preferred side of the point of adaptation. This asymmetric spread of adaptation could be caused by adaptation of inhibitory connections that contribute to complex cell direction selectivity. 4. The asymmetry of adaptation was significantly different for the ON and OFF response profiles. The asymmetric spread of adaptation for the ON response profile was similar to that observed previously in simple cells with greater decrements in the preferred direction side of the point of adaptation. However, the OFF response profiles showed less directional asymmetry in the spread of adaptation and showed greater decrements at RFPs in the nonpreferred direction side of the point of adaptation. 5. The similarity between the spread of adaptation in simple and complex cells suggests that the adaptation in these cells is occurring through a common mechanism. The directional asymmetry of the spread of adaptation is likely due to a local postsynaptic mechanism of adaptation rather than presynaptic transmitter depletion.
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Wang, Bin, Qionghui Zhan, Ting Yan, Sumaira Imtiaz, Jie Xiang, Yan Niu, Miaomiao Liu, Gongshu Wang, Rui Cao, and Dandan Li. "Hemisphere and Gender Differences in the Rich-Club Organization of Structural Networks." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 11 (February 27, 2019): 4889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz027.
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AbstractStructural and functional differences in brain hemispheric asymmetry have been well documented between female and male adults. However, potential differences in the connectivity patterns of the rich-club organization of hemispheric structural networks in females and males remain to be determined. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging was used to construct hemispheric structural networks in healthy subjects, and graph theoretical analysis approaches were applied to quantify hemisphere and gender differences in rich-club organization. The results showed that rich-club organization was consistently observed in both hemispheres of female and male adults. Moreover, a reduced level of connectivity was found in the left hemisphere. Notably, rightward asymmetries were mainly observed in feeder and local connections among one hub region and peripheral regions, many of which are implicated in visual processing and spatial attention functions. Additionally, significant gender differences were revealed in the rich-club, feeder, and local connections in rich-club organization. These gender-related hub and peripheral regions are involved in emotional, sensory, and cognitive control functions. The topological changes in rich-club organization provide novel insight into the hemisphere and gender effects on white matter connections and underlie a potential network mechanism of hemisphere- and gender-based differences in visual processing, spatial attention and cognitive control.
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Rodgers, Geoffrey W., Robin Herve, Gregory A. MacRae, Jose Chanchi Golondrino, and J. Geoffrey Chase. "Dynamic Friction Coefficient and Performance of Asymmetric Friction Connections." Structures 14 (June 2018): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2017.09.003.
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