Relevant bibliographies by topics / Asymmetric risk

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Asymmetric risk'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Asymmetric risk"

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Nussbaum, Maury A., Don B. Chaffin, and George B. Page. "A Biomechanical Investigation of the Asymmetric Multiplier in the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 10 (October 1995): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901036.

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There is growing evidence, from epidemiological and biomechanical sources, that lifting performed in asymmetric postures is a risk factor for the development of a musculoskeletal injury. In the recent update of the NIOSH Lifting Guide, a linear Asymmetric Multiplier was added to account for this type of risk. The present study addresses the form of this Multiplier through analysis of several asymmetric lifting tasks. Both spinal loading and a derived metric of muscle injury risk were calculated as a function of asymmetry angle. The results suggest that there is a non-linear increase in injury risk with respect to asymmetry. Only moderate increases in risk were predicted for asymmetry of 0°–30°, and sharply increasing risk as asymmetry reaches 90°, implying that ergonomic intervention should be concentrated on tasks with the highest asymmetries.
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McGrath, Ryan, Terri L. Blackwell, Kristine E. Ensrud, Brenda M. Vincent, and Peggy M. Cawthon. "The Associations of Handgrip Strength and Leg Extension Power Asymmetry on Incident Recurrent Falls and Fractures in Older Men." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 76, no. 9 (May 12, 2021): e221-e227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glab133.

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Abstract Background Evaluating asymmetries in muscle function could provide important insights for fall risk assessments. We sought to determine the associations of (i) handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry and (ii) leg extension power (LEP) asymmetry on risk of incident recurrent falls and fractures in older men. Method There were 5 730 men with HGS asymmetry data and 5 347 men with LEP asymmetry data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. A handgrip dynamometer measured HGS and a Nottingham Power Rig ascertained LEP. Percent difference in maximal HGS between hands was calculated, and asymmetric HGS was defined as men in the highest quartile of dissimilarity for HGS between hands. The same approach was used to determine asymmetric LEP. Participants self-reported falls every 4 months after the baseline exam, and persons with ≥2 falls in the first year were considered recurrent fallers. Fractures and their dates of occurrence were self-reported and confirmed with radiographic reports. Results Older men in the highest HGS asymmetry quartile had a 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.43) relative risk for incident recurrent falls. Likewise, men in the highest HGS asymmetry quartile had a higher risk for incident fractures: 1.41 (CI: 1.02–1.96) for hip, 1.28 (CI: 1.04–1.58) for major osteoporotic, and 1.24 (CI: 1.06–1.45) for nonspine. There were no significant associations between LEP asymmetry and recurrent falls or fractures. Conclusions Asymmetric HGS could be a novel risk factor for falls and fractures that is more feasible to measure than LEP. Fall risk assessments should consider evaluating muscle function, including HGS asymmetry.
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Hughes, John S., Jing Liu, and Jun Liu. "Information Asymmetry, Diversification, and Cost of Capital." Accounting Review 82, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 705–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2007.82.3.705.

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Recently, there has been considerable interest among accounting researchers in the relation between asymmetric information and cost of capital. A number of empirical studies document associations between risk premiums and proxies for asymmetric information such as earnings quality. However, the theoretical foundation for these studies has yet to be fully established. In this study, we consider the effects of private signals that are informative of both systematic factors and idiosyncratic shocks affecting asset payoffs in a competitive, noisy, rational expectations setting. Taking a large economy limit, we show that (1) risk premiums equal products of betas and factor risk premiums, irrespective of information asymmetries; (2) holding total information constant, greater information asymmetry leads to higher factor risk premiums and, thus, higher costs of capital; and (3) controlling for betas, there is no cross-sectional effect of information asymmetries on cost of capital. These results provide guidance in interpreting the findings of existing empirical work and suggest specifications helpful for future research.
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Lily, Jaratin, Mori Kogid, Dullah Mulok, and Rozilee Asid. "Asymmetric effect of real exchange rate risk on foreign direct investment: Empirical evidence in ASEAN-4." Journal of Research in Emerging Markets 2, no. 3 (June 14, 2020): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30585/jrems.v2i3.512.

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This study investigates the asymmetric effect of exchange rate risk (volatility) on the real foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand (ASEAN-4) using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model. The results revealed the occurrence of a long-run asymmetric cointegration between real FDI inflows and real exchange rate risk in the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, but not in Malaysia. For the Philippines and Singapore, there is evidence of long-run asymmetry whereas short-run asymmetry exists for the case of Thailand. These findings imply that the asymmetric effects prove to be useful in providing essential information to the related parties on how FDI inflows react to exchange rate risks differently. Therefore, policymakers in ASEAN countries should be concerned about the asymmetric effect of the exchange rate volatility to mitigate the stylized effects of exchange rate movements on FDI inflows.
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Lin, Bingxuan, and Chen-Miao Lin. "Asymmetric Information and Corporate Risk Management by Using Foreign Currency Derivatives." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 15, no. 01 (March 2012): 1250004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091511500068.

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We examine how information asymmetry affects a firm's incentive to hedge versus speculate by using foreign currency derivatives. We find a quadratic relation between asymmetric information and a firm's risk management activities. In particular, we find that the firms facing medium level of information asymmetry are more likely to hedge, while firms with very high and low levels of asymmetric information tend to speculate. Moreover, we find that our results hold primary for firms operating in highly competitive industries.
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Kräkel, Matthias. "Risk Taking in Asymmetric Tournaments." German Economic Review 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-6485.2004.00096.x.

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Abstract A tournament is examined in which two agents with different abilities choose efforts as well as risks. According to the previous literature, the more (less) able agent should choose a low (high) risk strategy, because the first one does not want to imperil his favorable position, whereas the last one can only gain by increasing risk. We show that this is not necessarily true. Risk taking affects equilibrium efforts as well as winning probabilities. Depending on both effects diverse equilibria are possible. For example, the low and the high ability agent may both choose high risks or both choose low risks.
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Ghofrani, Masoud, Manijeh Soleimanifar, and Saeed Talebian. "Control of trunk muscles activity while manual material handling symmetrically and asymmetrically, Based on Motor control strategy." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561736.

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[Purpose] Although lifting tasks has been recognized as a primary risk factor in low back pain, the concept of lifting asymmetry is relatively new subject. To address trunk function, biomechanical studies generally measure trunk muscle activity using surface electromyography (EMG). But so far, magnitude and similarity index (SI) obtained from EMG have not been studied as indicators of the motor control during lifting task. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the trunk muscles magnitude and SI during symmetric and asymmetric lifting. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 20 healthy male with no history of lumbar spine disorders participated. Surface electromyography data were recorded from the 7 trunk muscles while the participants performed symmetric and asymmetric lifting and lowering different loads. [Results] According to Multivariate ANOVAs the phase of motion (lifting, lowering) and condition (symmetry, asymmetry) have a significant effect on SI and magnitude (p≤0.05). Load changes have no effect on SI (p=0.969) but have a significant effect on magnitude (p≤0.05). The magnitude and SI value is higher in asymmetrical lifting and lowering compare to symmetrical condition. [Conclusion] The findings reveal the SI value is higher in asymmetric conditions. This means that the amount of muscles co-contracture increased during asymmetrical conditions. Increased muscles co-contracture reinforces the hypothesis of exerting more compression on the spine in asymmetrical movement. Keywords: Asymmetrical lifting, Motor control, Electromyography
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Allen, David, Michael McAleer, and Marcel Scharth. "Asymmetric Realized Volatility Risk." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 7, no. 2 (June 25, 2014): 80–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm7020080.

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Liu, Yanqiong, Zhenghui Li, Yanyan Yao, and Hao Dong. "Asymmetry of Risk Evolution in Crude Oil Market: From the Perspective of Dual Attributes of Oil." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 4063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14134063.

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Investor emotional heterogeneity and oil dual attributes are the key factors that cause the asymmetry of risks in the international crude oil market. This paper uses the monthly data from April 2003 to October 2020 to identify the dynamic characteristics of oil’s commodity attribute and financial attribute, and this paper also analyzes the asymmetric characteristics of risk evolution and risk degree in the international crude oil market under the condition of oil returns heterogeneity. The empirical results show that: first, there is heterogeneity in the influence of oil attributes on the risk evolution and risk degree of the international crude oil market; second, the alternation of oil dual attributes has a significant asymmetric impact on the risk evolution of international crude oil market; third, the sudden change of international crude oil market risk caused by oil attributes is asymmetric under different oil returns trends. Based on the empirical conclusion, this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations.
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Lempérière, Y., C. Deremble, T. T. Nguyen, P. Seager, M. Potters, and J. P. Bouchaud. "Risk premia: asymmetric tail risks and excess returns." Quantitative Finance 17, no. 1 (June 21, 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2016.1183035.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Asymmetric risk"

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Zhu, Dongming 1963. "Asymmetric heavy-tailed distributions : theory and applications to finance and risk management." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102854.

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This thesis focuses on construction, properties and estimation of asymmetric heavy-tailed distributions, as well as on their applications to financial modeling and risk measurement. First of all, we suggest a general procedure to construct a fully asymmetric distribution based on a symmetrically parametric distribution, and establish some natural relationships between the symmetric and asymmetric distributions. Then, three new classes of asymmetric distributions are proposed by using the procedure: the Asymmetric Exponential Power Distributions (AEPD), the Asymmetric Student-t Distributions (ASTD) and the Asymmetric Generalized t Distribution (AGTD). For the first two distributions, we give an interpretation of their parameters and explore basic properties of them, including moments, expected shortfall, characterization by the maximum entropy property, and the stochastic representation. Although neither distribution satisfies the regularity conditions under which the ML estimators have the usual asymptotics, due to a non-differentiable likelihood function, we nonetheless establish asymptotics for the full MLE of the parameters. A closed-form expression for the Fisher information matrix is derived, and Monte Carlo studies are provided. We also illustrate the usefulness of the GARCH-type models with the AEPD and ASTD innovations in the context of predicting downside market risk of financial assets and demonstrate their superiority over skew-normal and skew-Student's t GARCH models. Finally, two new classes of generalized extreme value distributions, which include Jenkinson's GEV (Generalized Extreme Value) distribution (Jenkinson, 1955) as special cases, are proposed by using the maximum entropy principle, and their properties are investigated in detail.
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Wang, Shuye. "Asymmetric lead-lag relation, nonsynchronous trading, time-varying risk premium, and cointegration." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35984.pdf.

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Chu, Ba Manh. "Application of the large deviation technique to optimal portfolio choice and asymmetric financial risk estimation." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415915.

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Gunnestrand, Victor, and Oskar Bäcklin. "Regional riskdelning genom skatter och överföringar : En kvantitativ studie av det svenska skattesystemet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78465.

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Vid en asymmetrisk chock, det vill säga en chock som ger olika utfall över regioner, eller är regionsspecifik, försvåras stabiliseringsåtgärder. Penningpolitiska åtgärder kan inte bedrivas utan att påverka alla regioner och att överlåta stabiliseringsprocessen till enskilda regioner medför även problem. Dock har det visats att det centrala skattesystemet utjämnar disponibel inkomst vid asymmetriska chocker och stabiliserar inkomster mellan regioner. I den här uppsatsen analyserar vi hur det svenska skattesystemet absorberar asymmetriska inkomstchocker sett till utjämning av personlig disponibel inkomst genom skatter och överföringar. Genom att använda paneldata under perioden 2000 till 2018 utför vi en kvantitativ studie baserad på en ekonometrisk modell där vi mäter hur inkomstchocker absorberas av skattesystemet vid en förändring i inkomst på 1 krona. Våra resultat visar att skattesystemet absorberar i genomsnitt 18 procent av den initiala chocken, detta sker främst genom skatter. Fortsättningsvis finns det stora skillnader mellan regioner där absorberingen varierar mellan -15 till 71 procent. Vid jämförelse mot tidigare studier på det svenska systemet tyder resultaten på att riskdelning bör vara lägre, men vi ser en högre grad av inkomstutjämning, vilket kan bero på skillnad i dataspecifikation. Vi ser även att utjämningen sker till större del genom skatter än överföringar jämfört med tidigare undersökningsperiod. Vi undersöker också om skattesystemet har lika utjämningseffekt mellan olika kommungrupper där resultatet visar att detta inte stämmer.
Facing asymmetric shocks i.e. a shock that act differently over regions or a region-specific shock imposes hardship on stabilization policies. Monetary policies cannot be conducted without causing disturbances across regions and assigning the stabilization process to individual regions also implies difficulties. However, the fiscal system has been proven to be a smoothening component facing asymmetrical disturbances stabilizing income across regions. In this thesis we analyze how the Swedish fiscal system absorbs asymmetric income shocks regarding smoothening disposable income via taxes and transfers. Using panel data over the period 2000-2018 we perform a quantitative study based on an econometric model where we measure the amount of an income shock absorbed by the fiscal system due to a 1-krona change in personal income.  Our results show that the fiscal system absorbs on average 18 percent of the initial shock, this is mostly due to the tax effect. However, there is major differences across regions where the amount of shock absorbing varies between -15 to 71 percent. Comparing our results to previous studies on the Swedish system evidence suggests that the amount of risk-sharing should be lower, but we see a higher degree of income smoothening, which might be due to difference in data specification. There is also evidence that income smoothening is more reliant on taxes compared to previous study. We also explore if the fiscal system has an equal smoothening effect across different municipal groups where evidence shows that this is not true.
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Bohman, Peter, and Erik Karlsson. "Leasing Risks and Commercial Real Estate : A Study on the Relationship Between Risk Premium and Leasing Risks." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254721.

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Purpose: The purpose of this thesis paper is to evaluate what the current market practice of real estatevaluation and investment decisions is when it comes to different leasing risks and the risk premium.With regard to some of the ongoing trends within real estate, it is believed that investor preferencesaffect the market practice and the underlying theories of valuation does not fully comply to the currentmarket practice. Method: The implementation of the method is stage wise. At first already existing research andliterature was evaluated and triangulated to find relevant knowledge as basis for the theoreticalframework. Afterwards an analysis was performed to answer whether there is a research gap or not.By analyzing the literature, a research gap as well as potential problems related to leasing risks wasfound. The second phase consisted of a qualitative method where experts in the field were interviewedregarding leasing risk to evaluate whether the problem exist in practice or only in literature.Experts on the topic also helped to develop the questions consequently delivered to the interviewees.The mentioned strategy was done with guidance of our tutor Han-Suck Song at KTH and DanielHolmkvist at CBRE. Interviews: Nine interviews were conducted where experts in the business (consultants and propertyfirms) participated to deliver different perspectives on the research question. All interviews were madein Stockholm and held in Swedish and afterwards translated to English. Results: The results consist of the answers from the interview-part, where the relevant findings weresummarized and pin-pointed with regard to the respective field of business and property segment.The general themes that arose throughout the methods are presented, as well as the extremes in termsof opinions and answers. It was found that there is a clear relationship between the leasing risk and therisk premium for commercial real estate. The relationship depends on several factors such asgeographical location, the different submarkets and finally the segment. A municipal- or corporate bondcannot be fully comparable to a leasing contract but for a 20 year or longer contract where the tenant ispublicly financed, the contract can become an interesting investment alternative due to the currentinterest rate cycle. Finally the leasing contract needs to be more effortless to liquidate in order to becomparable to the bond situation. Scientific relevance: The recent transaction activity on the Swedish real estate market has been ratherdefensive for multiple segments the last twelve months with an exception of community properties.A common understanding is that such objects feature “stable tenants” and are viewed as a safeinvestment by the market. This investment practice raises the awareness of what a stable tenant is, andhow the consultants and property owners’ reason during investments and appraising decisions.This research paper illustrates that a common perception on the subject is that the risk exposurecompletely depends on the specific segments, location or contract length etc. The academic researchexplains the theory behind how to derive the discount rate for an investment decision, however thisstudy has during the literature review proven that several important concepts are left out in the theorypartand thus does not fully cover phenomena’s that investors and appraisers are exposed to duringmarket practice. The most critical part is how to relate leasing risk to the risk premium on the Swedishmarket. Since this study focuses on specifically the Swedish market it is crucial to relate to suitableliterature review for further discussions. On foreign markets, more rigid literature on the subject wasfound.
Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka vad den aktuella marknadspraxisen inomfastighetsvärdering samt investeringsbeslut är gällande olika nivåer av hyresgästrisker och riskpremie. Metod: Genomförandet av undersökningen har gjorts i två steg. I ett första steg har tidigare forskninginom ämnet analyserats för att finna relevant teori samt identifiera eventuella forskningsgap. Efteranalysen konstaterades ett uppenbart informationsgap inom litteraturen relaterat till hyresgästrisker.Den andra fasen bestod av en kvalitativ metod där experter inom området har intervjuats gällandehyresgästrisker, för att utvärdera om problemet finns i praktiken eller endast i teorin. För att konstruerafrågorna fick vi assistans av experter inom ämnet via våra handledare Han-Suck Song, KTH och DanielHolmkvist, CBRE. Intervjuer: Nio intervjuer genomfördes med experter inom ämnet där både konsulter ochfastighetsägare deltog för att presentera olika synvinklar på problemet. Samtliga intervjuer ärgenomförda i Stockholm och på svenska. Intervjuavsnitten har översatts till engelska i efterhand. Resultat: Resultatavsnittet består av de svar som har erhållits från intervjuerna, där relevantaresonemang har summerats och noggrant strukturerats för att koppla marknadsområden till korrektfastighetssegment. Återkommande teman och ämnen har presenterats i resultatavsnittet, så väl somavvikande uppfattningar. Resultatet visar att det finns ett tydligt samband mellan riskpremium ochhyresgästrisker gällande kommersiella fastigheter. Sambandet beror på ett flertal faktorer där läge ochfastighetssegment har störst inverkan på riskpremien. Gällande obligationsmarknaden går det inte attlikställa ett hyresavtal med en obligation under något förhållande. Däremot om avtalet avser enkontraktslängd på 20 år eller längre och en offentligt finansierad hyresgäst så kan kassaflödet bli ettintressant investeringsalternativ till befintliga obligationer på marknaden. Detta beror till stor del pånuvarande ränteläge. Slutligen måste ett hyresavtal bli lättare att omsätta för att kunna jämföras meden alternativ obligation. Vetenskaplig relevans: Transaktionsaktiviteten på den svenska fastighetsmarknaden har varit relativtdefensiv för flertalet segment med undantag för samhällsfastigheter de senaste tolv månaderna. Dengenerella uppfattningen är att samhällsfastigheter avser ”stabila hyresgäster” och därmed ses som enmindre riskfylld investering. Detta medför frågeställningen, vad avses för att klassificera en hyresgästsom stabil, och hur resonerar konsulter samt fastighetsägare vid investerings- och värderingsbeslut?Efter att ha genomfört undersökningen går det att konstatera att en allmän uppfattning bland experterinom området är att hyresgästrisken till största del beror på vilket segment, lokalisering ellerkontraktslängd som avses. Den akademiska litteraturen förklarar hur diskonteringsräntan härleds förinvesteringsbeslut, men denna undersökning visar att den tillgängliga litteraturen antingen utelämnarflera viktiga koncept eller inte tillräckligt belyser fenomen som investerare och värderare möter i sittpraktiska arbete. Det grundläggande avsnittet som svensk litteratur till viss del utelämnar är sambandetmellan risk premium och hyresgästrisk på specifikt den svenska marknaden. Det finns utländsk litteratursom belyser denna typ av frågeställningar, men just för den svenska marknaden är litteraturen till vissdel ej tillräcklig och därmed har ett potentiellt forskningsgap inom området identifieras.
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Ngene, Geoffrey M. "Momentum, Nonlinear Price Discovery and Asymmetric Spillover: Sovereign Credit Risk and Equity Markets of Emerging Countries and." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1469.

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In Chapter 1, I hypothesize that there is a differential response by agents to changes in sovereign credit or default risk in both quiet (low default risk) and turbulent markets (high default risk). These market conditions create two different states of the market (world) or regimes. Investors and policy makers respond differently in the two regimes but the response in the turbulent market condition is amplified as policy makers attempt to smoothen the fluctuations and uncertainty while investors rebalance their portfolios in an attempt to hedge against downside risk of wealth loss. In the two regimes, the short run and long run dynamic relationships between any two cointegrated assets may change. To capture this phenomenon, this study tests for nonlinearities that may characterize the regimes, how cointegration relationships, short term dynamic interaction and price discovery (speed of adjustment to new information between two assets) may change in alternative regimes. To this end, I employ threshold cointegration, threshold vector error correction model (TVECM) asymmetrical return spillover modeling for sovereign credit default swaps (CDS), bonds and equity markets of seventeen emerging markets from four geographical regions. I find that there is non-linear cointegration and momentum in long-run adjustment process in 43/51 spreads analyzed. All countries analyzed have at least 2/6 possible regime specific asymmetric price discovery process. The study also finds evidence in support of asset substitution hypothesis and news-based hypothesis of financial contagions in sovereign CDS, bond and equity markets. The findings have important implications for asset allocation and portfolio rebalancing decisions by investors, policy intervention in financial markets, risk management and regime specific short and/or long term dynamic interactions among assets held in a portfolio as well as nonlinear speed of adjustment to new information. In chapter 2, I hypothesize that financial intermediaries can be categorized into bank-based institutions (BBIs) and market-based institutions (MBIs). MBIs and BBIs are under different regulatory agencies. Traditionally, only BBIs, regulated by the Fed, are used as conduits of transmitting liquidity and monetary policy into real economy and financial markets yet MBIs also play important role in providing liquidity and stability in financial markets. I use two tools of monetary policy (Federal fund rate and monetary aggregate) under two monetary policy regimes to investigate the impact of monetary policy under each regime on the liquidity of MBIs and BBIs. I investigate whether MBIs be used as conduits of transmitting monetary policy and liquidity in the market and if they should, under what economic and financial conditions (Regimes) should they be used. Moreover, what monetary policy tool is more effective for MBIs relative to BBIs under different regimes? Using Threshold vector auto-regressions and regime specific impulse response functions, I find that liquidity of BBIs and MBIs respond differently to different monetary policy tools under different regimes. Moreover, monetary policies are uncertain and vary over time. The Fed cannot continue to ignore MBIs in formulating and implementing monetary policy. Moreover, monetary aggregate policy is more effective when used on MBIs during contractionary monetary policy intervention (economic downturn) while Federal fund rate is more effective when used on BBIs under expansionary monetary policy.
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Petruska, Karin A. "Accounting Conservatism, Cost of Capital, and Fraudulent Financial Reporting." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1214829860.

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Claassen, Roger. "Asymmetric information and alternate premium rating methods in U.S. crop insurance a comparison of high and low risk regions /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7869.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Agricultural and Resource Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Werner, Katarzyna Maria. "Essays on non-expected utility theory and individual decision making under risk." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-nonexpected-utility-theory-and-individual-decision-making-under-risk(e73bd3eb-8031-45f9-b34d-e5e9edb78e03).html.

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This thesis investigates the choices under risk in the framework of non-expected utility theories. One of the key contributions of this thesis is providing an approach that allows for a complete characterisation of Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) preferences without prior knowledge of the reference point. The location of the reference point that separates gains from losses is derived endogenously, thus, without any additional assumptions on the decision maker’s risk behaviour. This is different to the convention used in the literature, according to which, the reference point is preselected. The problem arising from imposing the location of the reference point is that the underlying preference conditions might not be alligned with the predictions made by the model. Consequently, it is difficult to verify such a model or to test it empirically. The present contribution offers a set of normatively and descriptively appealing preference conditions, which enable the elicitation of the reference point from the decision maker’s behaviour. Since these conditions are derived using objective probabilities, they can also be applied to settings such as health or insurance, where the continuity of the utility function is not required. As a result, the obtained representation theorem is not only the most general foundation for CPT currently available, but it also provides further support for the use of CPT as a modelling tool in decision theory and fi…nance. Another contribution that this thesis can be credited with is an application of rank-dependent utility theory (RDU) to the problem of insurance demand in the monopoly market affected by adverse selection. The present approach extends the classical model of Stiglitz (1977) by accounting for an additional component of heterogeneity among consumers, the heterogeneity in risk perception. Speci…fically, consumers employ distinctive probability weighting functions to assess the likelihood of risky events. This aspect of consumers’' behaviour highlights the importance that the probabilistic risk attitudes within the RDU framework, such as optimism and pessimism, have for the choice of insurance contract. The analysis yields a separating equilibrium, with full insurance for a sufficiently pessimistic decision maker. An important implication of this result is that any low-risk individual who sufficiently overestimates his probability of loss will induce the uninformed insurer to o¤er him full coverage, thereby, affecting the high-risk type adversely. This outcome is consistent with the recent empirical puzzle regarding the correlation between ex-post risk and insurance coverage, according to which, agents with low exposure to risk receive a larger amount of compensation. By providing an explanation of this pattern of individual behaviour, the current work demonstrates that theory and practice of insurance demand can be reconciled to a greater extent. The paper also provides a behavioural rationale for policy intervention in the market with RDU agents, where the initial distortions in contracts due to unobservable risks are aggravated by the non-linear weighting of probability of a risky event.
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Giat, Yahel. "Venture capital financing with staged investment, agency conflicts and asymmetric beliefs." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11232005-145909/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Hackman, Steve, Committee Chair ; Tovey, Craig, Committee Member ; Platzman, Loren, Committee Member ; Deng, Shijie, Committee Member ; Subramanian, Ajay, Committee Co-Chair.
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Books on the topic "Asymmetric risk"

1

Geert, Bekaert. Asymmetric volatility and risk in equity markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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Dewit, Gerda. Risky business: Intra-firm trade with foreign commercial risk and asymmetric insurance. Glasgow: University of Glasgow, Department of Economics., 1998.

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Makki, Shiva S. Asymmetric information in the market for yield and revenue insurance products. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2001.

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Greenwald, Bruce C. N. Asymmetric information and the new theory of the firm: Financial constraints and risk behavior. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.

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Pryce, Gwilym B. J. The impact of debt crises on lenders' weighting of risk signals: Asymmetric information in the credit market and bank assessment of risk. Glasgow: University of Glasgow, Centre for Housing Research and Urban Studies, 1996.

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Pryce, Gwilym B. J. The impact of debt crises on lenders' weighting of risk signals: Asymmetric information in the credit market and bank assessment of risk. Glasgow: Centre for Housing Research and Urban Studies, 1997.

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Cho, Young-Hye. Time-varying betas and asymmetric effects of news: Empirical analysis of blue chip stocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Zi chan feng xian xin xi bu dui chen yu gong si rong zi zheng ce: Research on corporate financing under asymmetric information about assets risk. Beijing Shi: Jing ji guan li chu ban she, 2011.

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Pryce, Gwilym. Asymmetric information in the international credit market and bank assessment of country risk: The impact of the debtcrisis and the secondary market on lenders' weighting of signals. [s.l.]: typescript, 1993.

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Shelley, Marjorie K. Gain/loss asymmetry in risky intertemporal choice. [Urbana, Ill.]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Asymmetric risk"

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Reimer, Kristina. "Theoretical Foundations of Credit Risk Fundamentals and Methods of Determining Credit Risk." In Asymmetric Cost Behavior, 39–61. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22822-4_3.

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Reimer, Kristina. "Does Cost Stickiness Affect Credit Risk?" In Asymmetric Cost Behavior, 63–106. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22822-4_4.

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Reimer, Kristina. "Does Cost Stickiness Affect Financial Risk?" In Asymmetric Cost Behavior, 107–27. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22822-4_5.

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Hillier, Brian. "Insurance and Risk Aversion." In The Economics of Asymmetric Information, 77–89. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25485-9_5.

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Watt, Richard. "Asymmetric information: Adverse selection." In The Microeconomics of Risk and Information, 138–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34420-4_6.

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Watt, Richard. "Asymmetric information: Moral hazard." In The Microeconomics of Risk and Information, 173–88. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34420-4_7.

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Ghazali, Mohd Fahmi, and Hooi Hooi Lean. "Asymmetric Volatility of Local Gold Prices in Malaysia." In Econometrics of Risk, 203–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13449-9_14.

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Lee, Sharon X., and Geoffrey J. McLachlan. "Risk Measures Based on Multivariate Skew Normal and Skew t-Mixture Models." In Asymmetric Dependence in Finance, 152–68. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119288992.ch7.

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Eisen, Roland. "Problems of Equilibria in Insurance Markets with Asymmetric Information." In Risk, Information and Insurance, 123–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2183-2_6.

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Autchariyapanitkul, Kittawit, Somsak Chanaim, and Songsak Sriboonchitta. "Quantile Regression Under Asymmetric Laplace Distribution in Capital Asset Pricing Model." In Econometrics of Risk, 219–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13449-9_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Asymmetric risk"

1

Lu, Fuqiang, Hualing Bi, Min Huang, and Xingwei Wang. "Virtual Enterprise risk management under asymmetric information." In 2013 10th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2013.6602655.

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Song Gao and Zhixiong Zhang. "Opportunism and alliance risk factors in asymmetric alliances." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics (SOLI). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2008.4686484.

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Tian, Yu, Dao Huang, and Dong Bo Liu. "Supply Chain Coordination under Asymmetric Risk Aversion Information." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icca.2007.4376492.

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Dowling, Ariel V., Nathan Fenner, and Thomas P. Andriacchi. "Tension Bands Placed on the Thigh and Shank Produce Changes in the Knee Flexion Moment and Gait Asymmetry." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205257.

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Decreased symmetry in walking mechanics is common to many conditions associated with falling, such as muscle weakness, poor balance or flexibility, dizziness or vertigo, confusion, and vision problems [1]. Falls and the risk of falls have a substantial impact on the quality of life with aging. More than one in three adults over 65 years experience falls each year, and in half of these cases the falls are recurrent [2,3]. As patients with asymmetric gait are at a greater risk of falling during activities of daily living such as walking [1], conducting experiments on methods to correct gait asymmetries on this cohort can be potentially dangerous. However, experiments conducted with healthy patients that have an induced gait asymmetry during walking would minimize the risk to the unhealthy population while still allowing the researcher to test a subject with a gait asymmetry.
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Zhang, Yi, António Topa Gomes, Michael Beer, Ingo Neumann, Udo Nackenhorst, and Chul-Woo Kim. "Asymmetric Dependencies among Soil Parameters - The Copula approach." In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Reliability Engineering and Risk Management. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2726-7_ctc304s3mrs01.

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Xin, Wang, Jia Yuanhua, and Ma Xiaofei. "Research on service patent licensing risk under asymmetric information." In EM). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icieem.2009.5344545.

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Xin, Ma. "Game analysis on banking risk supervision under asymmetric information." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services (GSIS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gsis.2009.5408090.

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Guang-ming, Zhang. "Principal-agent model and risk analysis under asymmetric information condition." In 2011 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2011.6069963.

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Liu, Zhe, Lina Yao, Xianzhi Wang, Lei Bai, and Jake An. "Are You A Risk Taker? Adversarial Learning of Asymmetric Cross-Domain Alignment for Risk Tolerance Prediction." In 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn48605.2020.9207111.

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Schmid, Kyrill, Lenz Belzner, Thomy Phan, Thomas Gabor, and Claudia Linnhoff-Popien. "Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning for Bargaining under Risk and Asymmetric Information." In 12th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008913901440151.

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Reports on the topic "Asymmetric risk"

1

Bekaert, Geert, and Guojun Wu. Asymmetric Volatility and Risk in Equity Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6022.

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Aizenman, Joshua. Country Risk, Asymmetric Information and Domestic Policies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1880.

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Busch, Christopher, David Domeij, Fatih Guvenen, and Rocio Madera. Asymmetric Business-Cycle Risk and Social Insurance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24569.

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Greenwald, Bruce, and Joseph Stiglitz. Asymmetric Information and the New Theory of the Firm: Financial Constraints and Risk Behavior. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3359.

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Graham, John, and Campbell Harvey. Expectations of Equity Risk Premia, Volatility and Asymmetry from a Corporate Finance Perspective. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8678.

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Glaeser, Edward, Ginger Zhe Jin, Benjamin Leyden, and Michael Luca. Learning from Deregulation: The Asymmetric Impact of Lockdown and Reopening on Risky Behavior During COVID-19. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27650.

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Idrissa, Rahmane, and Bethany McGann. Mistrust and Imbalance: The Collapse of Intercommunal Relations and the Rise of Armed Community Mobilization on the Niger-Mali Border. RESOLVE Network, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2021.2.

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The border area of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso is a site of endemic violence. The area is punctuated by anti-state attacks, the targeted killing of traditional chiefs, and attacks on markets and other socioeconomic convening locales that otherwise serve as central mechanisms for the preservation of normalized intercommunal interactions. In addition, foreign military interventions and asymmetric insurgent warfare pit multiple state and non-state actors equipped with heavy weaponry against one another, adding another level of insecurity and threat to local communities. Community-based armed groups (CBAGs) of Fulani and Tuareg ethnicity have aligned themselves with outside actors carrying out operations in the region out of choice, coercion, or in some cases both. Building on other research reports in RESOLVE’s Community-Based Armed Groups Series, this report explores local perceptions regarding the nature and impact of the violence in southwestern Niger. The report provides a summary of understanding of ongoing conflict dynamics from the most impacted communities and an insight on the knowledge and attitudes around actors participating in the violence. It hopes to inform efforts to bring an end to the violence and increase understanding of participating actors.
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Demchyna, Bohdan, and Yaroslav Shydlovskyi. Recommendations for Designing Wooden Arches on Metal-toothed Plates. Intellectual Archive, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2021_03_18.

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This paper presents the findings of the pilot studies and recommendations for designing of two-hinged wooden arches. The prototype models of wooden arches with the span of 6mand the rise of 1m were designed. The models had a rectangular cross-section of 180x40mm and a T-section of 180x40mm with a plywood plate with the thickness of 6 mm and the width of 500mm. The main objective of the T-section was to ensure the stability of the arch. Each arch was composed of six segments –boards joined by clamping plates. The bowstring truss including two inclined tie bars enables carrying asymmetric loads and provides in-plane stability of the arch. A methodology for laboratory testing of the prototype models of wooden arches subjected to different types of loads was developed. Two prototypes of wooden arches were tested with rectangular cross-sections and two T-section ones subjected to the loading across the span, and two prototypes subjected to the half-span loading. In total, eight arches were tested. Deflections of arches, cross-section deformations and arch thrust force were recorded. The arches were tested until failure. The results of testing revealed insufficient stability of the arches with rectangular cross-section in the horizontal plane. For the arches with T-section the whole arch rib was damaged, the in-plane stability was ensured by the T-section. The collapsing force of the T-section arch was about 1.3 times greater than the collapsing force of the rectangular section arches.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Tax Transparency for an Effective Tax System. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.070.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the transparency in the tax system and its benefits; e.g. rising revenue, strengthen citizen/state relationship, and rule of law. Improvements in tax transparency can help in strengthening public finances in developing countries that are adversely affected by COVID-19. The current context (i.e. a global pandemic, widespread economic slowdown/recessions, and declining tax revenues) engenders the urgency of improving domestic resource mobilisation (DRM) and the fight against illicit financial flows (IFFs). Even before the advent of COVID-19, developing countries’ tax systems were facing several challenges, including weak tax administrations, low taxpayer morale and “hard-to-tax” sectors. The presence of informational asymmetry (i.e. low tax transparency) between taxpayers and tax authorities generates loopholes for abuse of the tax system. It allows the hiding of wealth abroad with a limited risk of being caught. Cases of such behaviour that are exposed without proper penalty may result in a decline in the morale of citizens and a lower level of voluntary compliance with tax legislation. A number of high-profile tax leaks and scandals have undermined public confidence in the fairness of tax systems and generated a strong demand for effective counteraction and tax transparency. One of the key contributing factors to lower tax revenues in developing countries (that is linked to low tax transparency) is a high level of IFFs. These flows, including international tax evasion and the laundering of corruption proceeds, build a major obstacle to successful DRM efforts. Research has also identified an association between organisational transparency (e.g. transparency by businesses and tax authorities) and stakeholder trust (e.g. between citizens and the state). However, the evidence is mixed as to how transparency in particular influences trust and perceptions of trustworthiness.
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