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Books on the topic 'Asymmetric risk'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Geert, Bekaert. Asymmetric volatility and risk in equity markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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2

Dewit, Gerda. Risky business: Intra-firm trade with foreign commercial risk and asymmetric insurance. Glasgow: University of Glasgow, Department of Economics., 1998.

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3

Makki, Shiva S. Asymmetric information in the market for yield and revenue insurance products. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2001.

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4

Greenwald, Bruce C. N. Asymmetric information and the new theory of the firm: Financial constraints and risk behavior. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.

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5

Pryce, Gwilym B. J. The impact of debt crises on lenders' weighting of risk signals: Asymmetric information in the credit market and bank assessment of risk. Glasgow: University of Glasgow, Centre for Housing Research and Urban Studies, 1996.

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6

Pryce, Gwilym B. J. The impact of debt crises on lenders' weighting of risk signals: Asymmetric information in the credit market and bank assessment of risk. Glasgow: Centre for Housing Research and Urban Studies, 1997.

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7

Cho, Young-Hye. Time-varying betas and asymmetric effects of news: Empirical analysis of blue chip stocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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8

Zi chan feng xian xin xi bu dui chen yu gong si rong zi zheng ce: Research on corporate financing under asymmetric information about assets risk. Beijing Shi: Jing ji guan li chu ban she, 2011.

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9

Pryce, Gwilym. Asymmetric information in the international credit market and bank assessment of country risk: The impact of the debtcrisis and the secondary market on lenders' weighting of signals. [s.l.]: typescript, 1993.

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10

Shelley, Marjorie K. Gain/loss asymmetry in risky intertemporal choice. [Urbana, Ill.]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991.

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11

Graham, John R. Expectations of equity risk premia, volatility and asymmetry from a corporate finance perspective. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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12

Alario, Margarita. Environmental destruction, risk exposure, and social asymmetry: Case studies of the environmental movement's action. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1995.

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13

Pemberton, James. One way versus two way regret: Symmetric and asymmetric information on the outcomes of risky choice. Reading, England: University of Reading, Dept. of Economics, 1995.

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14

Debt maturity, risk, and asymmetric information. Washington, D.C: Federal Reserve Board, 2004.

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15

Rethinking Asymmetric Threats. Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War Co, 2003.

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16

Renic, Neil C. Asymmetric Killing. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851462.001.0001.

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This book offers an engaging and historically informed account of the moral challenge of radically asymmetric violence—warfare conducted by one party in the near-complete absence of physical risk, across the full scope of a conflict zone. What role does physical risk and material threat play in the justifications for killing in war? And crucially, is there a point at which battlefield violence becomes so one-directional as to undermine the moral basis for its use? In order to answers these questions, Asymmetric Killing delves into the morally contested terrain of the warrior ethos and Just War Tradition, locating the historical and contemporary role of reciprocal risk within both. This book also engages two historical episodes of battlefield asymmetry, military sniping and manned aerial bombing. Both modes of violence generated an imbalance of risk between opponents so profound as to call into question their permissibility. These now-resolved controversies will then be contrasted with the UAV-exclusive violence of the United States, robotic killing conducted in the absence of a significant military ground presence in conflict theatres such as Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia. As will be revealed, the radical asymmetry of this latter case is distinct, undermining reciprocal risk at the structural level of war. Beyond its more resolvable tension with the warrior ethos, UAV-exclusive violence represents a fundamental challenge to the very coherence of the moral justifications for killing in war.
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17

Renic, Neil C. Asymmetric Killing: Risk Avoidance, Just War, and the Warrior Ethos. Oxford University Press, 2020.

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18

Asymmetric information in the market for yield and revenue insurance products. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2001.

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19

Reimer, Kristina. Asymmetric Cost Behavior: Implications for the Credit and Financial Risk of a Firm. Springer Gabler, 2018.

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20

Jin, Jiazhen *. The role of risk and asymmetric payoffs in determining the discount on initial public offerings. 1991.

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21

Bobić, Marinko. Why Minor Powers Risk Wars with Major Powers. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529205206.001.0001.

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Major powers have immense resources at their disposal, while minor powers are assumed to avoid wars and power politics due to structural and material constraints. This provokes the question why do some minor powers nonetheless decide to militarily engage their vastly stronger opponents, particularly major powers? Inspired by several theoretical insights, this book proposes a more complex framework of minor powers in interstate asymmetric conflict. It analyses five conditions highlighted by previous studies: domestic crisis, foreign support, window of opportunity, anomalous beliefs, and regime stability. The theoretical framework works well with a mixed-methods approach, a medium-N research design (Qualitative Comparative Analysis), and three case studies: Iraq (1990), Moldova (1992), and Serbia (1999). The book finds that by looking through the lenses of multiple theories, one can observe a more nuanced relationship how different conditions interact in impacting minor powers’ decisions. Ultimately, minor powers militarily engage major powers when facing a more important domestic crisis and when they also believe that they have a window of opportunity or support from another major power in order to constrain major powers’ capability and resolve. Looking at the current conflict in Syria, there are important policy implications given the observation that minor powers do and will continue to challenge major powers in the future.
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22

Pagano, Marco. The Sovereign-Bank Nexus and the Case for European Safe Bonds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815815.003.0008.

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During the Euro debt crisis, banks’ holdings of domestic sovereign debt amplified the transmission of sovereign stress to bank lending and solvency risk in stressed countries. Yet, current proposals to reform European banking regulation of bank sovereign exposures meet with obstacles, some structural—namely, the scarcity and asymmetric provision of safe assets—and others transitional—chiefly the danger that regulatory change may trigger instability in the sovereign debt market. But both types of obstacles can be overcome by introducing a synthetic security resulting from the securitization of Eurozone sovereign debt—European Safe Bonds, or ESBies—and by providing regulatory incentives for banks to replace domestic debt holdings with this security.
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23

Corrales, Javier. Bolivia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190868895.003.0006.

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This chapter looks at Bolivia in the 2000s to illustrate what happens when power asymmetry ends up being significantly lower than expected. The result is a negligible expansion of presidential powers. In addition, this chapter expands on the concept of power asymmetry by adding a different—more structural—type of power asymmetry: ethno-demographic and economic resource differences. When political cleavages follow ethnic or economic divisions, it matters how those assets are distributed. In Bolivia, the Opposition was able to counter the rise of the Incumbent’s power by mobilizing its own ethno-demographic and economic assets. The equal matching between the Incumbent and the Opposition forces nearly led Bolivia to civil war. Conflict was averted with the adoption of a final constitutional draft, which realigned table and at-large asymmetries.
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24

Skin in the game: Hidden asymmetries in daily life. Random House, 2018.

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25

Goshen, Zohar, and Assaf Hamdani. Majority Control and Minority Protection. Edited by Jeffrey N. Gordon and Wolf-Georg Ringe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.013.25.

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This chapter examines legal issues concerning majority control and minority protection in firms with concentrated ownership governance structures, with particular emphasis on the tradeoff between the goals of protecting minority shareholders and allowing controllers to pursue their vision and how corporate law should balance these conflicting goals. Focusing primarily on Delaware corporate law, it suggests that holding a control block allows majority shareholders to pursue their idiosyncratic vision in the manner they see fit, even against minority investors’ objections. Idiosyncratic vision refers to the subjective value that entrepreneurs attach to their business idea or vision, and this chapter considers its role in the value of control. It also discusses the perils of asymmetric information and differences of opinion, as well as the risk of agency costs for minority investors.
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26

Limiting Risk in America's Wars: Airpower, Asymmetrics, and a New Strategic Paradigm. Naval Institute Press, 2017.

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27

Chryssa, Papathanassiou. 16 Financial Market Infrastructures in Stress Scenarios. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198754411.003.0016.

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This chapter examines the crucial role of Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) during a crisis. It addresses the three asymmetries surrounding the rules on FMIs’ defaults and looks at how to improve the legal soundness of crisis prevention and crisis management measures for FMIs. The first asymmetry stems from the fact that different bankruptcy procedures are applied to different systemically important financial market participants, as well as the fact that conflicts of laws arise from the bankruptcy of entities with cross-border operations. The second arises from the expansion of FMI services and relates primarily to two otherwise benign features which central counterparties (CCPs) offer to their members for the products they clear: credit risk mitigation and loss mutualization. The third and final asymmetry stems from the fact that supervisory authorities have been insufficiently attuned to each other’s legitimate interests and have focused resolutely on their own markets.
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28

Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life. Penguin Books, Limited, 2019.

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29

Taleb, Nassim. Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life. Penguin Books, Limited, 2018.

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30

Clark, J. P. Military Operations and the Defense Department. Edited by Derek S. Reveron, Nikolas K. Gvosdev, and John A. Cloud. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190680015.013.20.

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This article examines the U.S. military’s plans for carrying out combined joint operations across multiple theaters and domains in the twenty-first century. It summarizes the most likely strategic and operational approaches available to future adversaries, such as anti-access/area denial (A2/AD), gray zone warfare, and other asymmetric methods. The article also considers the respective challenges posed by the two likely catalysts for military operations: contested norms and persistent disorder. The U.S. military response to this strategic context is still forming, but there are common themes among the services: the recognition that future operations will entail greater risk; the need to disperse forces to survive on a more lethal battlefield; a desire to create networked forces attacking with a combination of physical and nonphysical (cyber and electronic warfare); and a rebalancing of force structure in terms of both weapon sophistication and mission type.
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31

Fiordelisi, Franco, Corrado Meglio, Carlo Palego, Annalissa Richetto, Artem Danko, Maurizio Vallino, Pasqualina Porretta, Lorenzo Bocchi, Carlo Toffano, and Andrea Favretti. Pricing and risk adjusted measures. AIFIRM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa00027.

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The issue of risk-based pricing of credit loans has become crucial for banking companies, in a context characterized by severe restriction of profitability margins also in relation to a level of market interest rates which in the Euro area is at its lowest. historical, now firmly in the negative area. The same European Authorities urge the adoption of adequate and consistent adjusted pricing frameworks with respect to the business model, risk profile and overall risk governance of the bank. The methodological and organizational process for determining the risk-adjusted pricing is further complicated by the ongoing Covid19 pandemic which, through the highly asymmetrical impacts on customer segments and industrial sectors, makes the forward-looking and macroeconomic assessment of the sectors risk even more relevant.
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32

Benkler, Yochai, Robert Faris, and Hal Roberts. The Origins of Asymmetry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.003.0011.

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This chapter examines the origins of asymmetry in the American public sphere by charting the rise of second-wave right-wing media. Taking a political economy approach, this chapter investigates how institutions, politics, culture, and technology combine to explain why Rush Limbaugh, televangelism, and Fox News were able to emerge as mass media when they did, rather than remaining, as first-generation right-wing media after World War II had, small niche players. The chapter also considers how the emergence of the online right-wing media ecosystem followed the offline media ecosystem architecture because of the propaganda feedback loop. It shows that asymmetric polarization precedes the emergence of the internet and that even today the internet is highly unlikely to be the main cause of polarization, by comparison to Fox News and talk radio.
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33

Linnebo, Øystein. In Search of Thin Objects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641314.003.0001.

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Are there objects that are “thin” in the sense that their existence does not make a substantial demand on the world? First, some extant approaches to thin objects are surveyed, associated with mathematical structuralism and Fregean abstraction. The philosophical benefits of thin objects are then explained. Next, the idea of thin objects is clarified by articulating some logical and philosophical constraints that any account must satisfy in order to deliver the promised benefits. Finally, it is argued that these constraints favor an asymmetric conception of abstraction, where abstraction on “old” entities gives rise to “new” objects. This asymmetric conception allows the two sides of an abstraction principle to have different ontological commitments.
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34

Karatasakis, G., and G. D. Athanassopoulos. Cardiomyopathies. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0019.

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Echocardiography is a key diagnostic method in the management of patients with cardiomyopathies.The main echocardiographic findings of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are asymmetric hypertrophy of the septum, increased echogenicity of the myocardium, systolic anterior motion, turbulent left ventricular (LV) outflow tract blood flow, intracavitary gradient of dynamic nature, mid-systolic closure of the aortic valve and mitral regurgitation. The degree of hypertrophy and the magnitude of the obstruction have prognostic meaning. Echocardiography plays a fundamental role not only in diagnostic process, but also in management of patients, prognostic stratification, and evaluation of therapeutic intervention effects.In idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, echocardiography reveals dilation and impaired contraction of the LV or both ventricles. The biplane Simpson’s method incorporates much of the shape of the LV in calculation of volume; currently, three-dimensional echocardiography accurately evaluates LV volumes. Deformation parameters might be used for detection of early ventricular involvement. Stress echocardiography using dobutamine or dipyridamole may contribute to risk stratification, evaluating contractile reserve and left anterior descending flow reserve. LV dyssynchrony assessment is challenging and in patients with biventricular pacing already applied, optimization of atrio-interventricular delays should be done. Specific characteristics of right ventricular dysplasia and isolated LV non-compaction can be recognized, resulting in an increasing frequency of their prevalence. Rare forms of cardiomyopathy related with neuromuscular disorders can be studied at an earlier stage of ventricular involvement.Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathies are characterized by an increase in ventricular stiffness with ensuing diastolic dysfunction and heart failure. A variety of entities may produce this pathological disturbance with amyloidosis being the most prevalent. Storage diseases (Fabry, Gaucher, Hurler) are currently treatable and early detection of ventricular involvement is of paramount importance for successful treatment. Traditional differentiation between constrictive pericarditis (surgically manageable) and the rare cases of restrictive cardiomyopathy should be properly performed.
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35

Baland, Jean-Marie, and Roberta Ziparo. Intra-Household Bargaining in Poor Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829591.003.0004.

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This chapter assesses the relevance of the collective model for the analysis of households in poor countries. As an economic unit, a household creates the possibility of mutual gains for spouses thanks to the possibility of joint consumption of public goods, risk sharing, etc. The collective model assumes that households behave efficiently, in the sense that there is no misallocation or waste of household resources, given the outside options of each spouse. This chapter bridges the theoretical literature describing efficient intra-household behaviour and the development literature that collects empirical regularities pointing toward the existence of strategic decision making among spouses. It examines the key elements of the collective model and discusses its relevance to analysing intra-household behaviour in poor countries. It explores the role that risk and uncertainty, information asymmetries, power imbalances, arranged marriages, strategic investment, gender norms, and extended households play in the attainment of efficiency.
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36

Sassen, Saskia. Cities as One Site for Religion and Violence. Edited by Michael Jerryson, Mark Juergensmeyer, and Margo Kitts. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199759996.013.0032.

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This chapter covers the question of organized religions in the complex global modernity. It explores a range of interactions between the rise of cities as key global spaces for economic, political, and cultural conditions, and the rise of religion as a major force in setting where it was not quite so in the twentieth century, which saw the rise of the secularizing state. The chapter develops the urbanizing of war, as it feeds a particularly acute and violent bridging of cities with religious conflicts, and then takes two specific instances of asymmetric war, one in Mumbai and one in Gaza, to investigate the variable and contradictory elements in this bridging. Religion has emerged as one key organizing and legitimating passion, even as it is often not the cause. The Mumbai attacks had succeeded in drawing a conventional inter-state conflict into the specifics and momentary event that was that attack. Gaza displays the limits of power and the limits of war. The chapter makes visible the territorial conflict driving some of the current religious conflict, even as both sides make use of this long history to justify their actions.
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37

Marouani, Mohamed Ali, Phuong Le Minh, and Michelle Marshalian. Jobs, earnings, and routine-task occupational change in times of revolution: The Tunisian perspective. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/928-0.

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In this paper we investigate the links between wage inequality and the changing nature of jobs in a revolution context. The methodology consists of various decompositions and regressions, including recentred influence function regressions, based on Tunisian labour force surveys from the past 20 years. Tunisia’s labour market during the period of investigation is characterized by a decreasing earnings inequality following the fall of education premia, and an asymmetric wage polarization led by the increase of the lowest wages. After the Revolution, the routine task index increased significantly because of the rise of the share of routine agricultural and service workers. Although evidence shows that the routinization had a role in the evolution of the wage structure, it is not the main driver. Its effect was crowded out by employment and wage policies in the public sector.
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38

Linder, Stefan, Nicolai J. Foss, and Diego Stea. Epistemics at Work. Edited by Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.013.8.

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Agency theory studies the impact of and remedies to asymmetrically distributed information in principal-agent relations. Yet, it does so in a surprisingly binary manner: It assumes the principal to be perfectly knowledgeable of some pieces of information (such as the agent’s risk aversion), while others (such as the agent’s true effort exerted) are considered to be perfectly private information of the agent. Agency theory thus makes highly asymmetrical assumptions about the knowledge of principals and agents, largely neglecting the role of individual differences in the human capacity to read other people’s desires, intentions, knowledge, and beliefs-that is, to have an imperfect theory of someone else’s mind. This study explores the implications of instilling agency theory with a more realistic account of this (bounded) human capacity.
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39

Back, Kerry E. Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.001.0001.

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This book is intended as a textbook for asset pricing theory courses at the Ph.D. or Masters in Quantitative Finance level and as a reference for financial researchers. The first two parts of the book explain portfolio choice and asset pricing theory in single‐period, discrete‐time, and continuous‐time models. For valuation, the focus throughout is on stochastic discount factors and their properties. Traditional factor models, including the CAPM, are related to or derived from stochastic discount factors. A chapter on stochastic calculus provides the needed tools for analyzing continuous‐time models. A chapter on “ex‐plaining puzzles” and the last two parts of the book provide introductions to a number of current topics in asset pricing research, including rare disasters, long‐run risks, external and internal habits, real options, corporate financing options, asymmetric and incomplete information, heterogeneous beliefs, and non‐expected‐utility preferences. Each chapter includes a “Notes and References” section and exercises for students.
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40

Mirowski, Philip, and Edward Nik-Khah. The Standard Narrative and the Bigger Picture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190270056.003.0002.

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Many believe there has been an “information revolution” in economics, but almost no one has taken the effort to explain its timing and content. Information was added as an American Economic Association subject category in 1976; it is therefore almost exclusively a postwar phenomenon. This chapter explores the conventional narratives that are often broached in orthodox economics concerning the rise of information in economics, and discovers that generalist intellectual historians have not much improved upon these urban legends. Epistemic asymmetry between economist and agent is often elided. By contrast, we stress questions touching on the epistemology and ontology of information.
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41

Kalantzakos, Sophia. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670931.003.0006.

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The case of rare earths provides an important window into a new set of international challenges. China, a major power on the rise, maintains its dominance over these crucial strategic materials showing its willingness to use its position to further its political and economic goals. Moreover, the case provides insight into the overall inability of China’s international competitors and rivals to effectively remedy this asymmetry, allowing China to maintain its critical advantage in high tech, renewables and defense applications.As elements, rare earths are enablers. As political instruments, they are increasingly turning into a catalyst in a new era of potentially fraught international relations.
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42

Maiden, Martin. The L-pattern and the U-pattern. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199660216.003.0005.

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The chapter presents the two types of Romance palatalization that have given rise to patterns of allomorphy. These involve principally the first-person singular present indicative and all the forms of the present subjunctive (the L-pattern); and in some cases the third-person plural present (the U-pattern). The diachronic persistence, replication, and ‘repair’ of this morphomic pattern is illustrated. It is argued that the apparent realignment of the alternant just with present subjunctive in Gallo-Romance is itself morphomic, rather than motivated semantically; that the patterns may retain a measure of phonological conditioning in Italo-Romance and Daco-Romance; and that morphomic patterns may involve asymmetrical distributions in paradigms.
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43

Betteridge, Thomas. Vernacular Theology. Edited by James Simpson and Brian Cummings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199212484.013.0011.

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This article explores the problems arising from the asymmetrical status of mysticism across the period between medieval and Renaissance. It begins with James Nayler’s mysticism before proceeding with a discussion of vernacular theology in relation to social and cultural change during the period between Lollardy and the English Civil War. It then considers the failure of mysticism in the context of historiography, the connections between religious literature produced across the period between Lollardy and the English Civil War, and how confessionalization gave rise to Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. It also examines the religious writings of Julian of Norwich and George Herbert before concluding with an assessment of religious reform in Western Europe during the period.
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44

Woodford, Henry J., and James George. Examining the nervous system of an older patient. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0111.

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Ageing is associated with changes in the nervous system, especially the accumulation of neurodegenerative and white matter lesions within the brain. Abnormalities are commonly found when examining older people and some of these are associated with functional impairment and a higher risk of death. In order to reliably interpret examination findings it is important to assess cognition, hearing, vision, and speech first. Clarity of instruction is key. Interpretation of findings must take into account common age-related changes. For example, genuine increased tone should be distinguished from paratonia. Power testing should look for asymmetry within the individual, rather than compare to the strength of the examiner. Parkinsonism should be looked for and gait should be observed. Neurological assessment can incorporate a range of cortical abilities and tests of autonomic function, but the extent of these assessments is likely to be determined by the clinical situation and time available.
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45

Corrales, Javier. Origins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190868895.003.0003.

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This chapter explains the conditions under which constituent assemblies emerge. As others have argued, more than one condition seems necessary, mostly having to do with pressures on the state to address a governance crisis. And yet, new constituent assemblies are more likely to emerge when the Incumbent feels he or she has the power advantage. The chapter makes two points. First, compelling structural conditions (exceptional circumstances) triggered constitutional assemblies in combination with the rise of the Opposition. Second, a strong desire by the Incumbent to seek new powers also triggered constituent assemblies, but only when the Incumbent anticipated a large power. This chapter offers as well a discussion of several cases of aborted constituent assemblies to further illustrate the role of power asymmetry as an explanatory factor.
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46

Koch, Bernhard, ed. Chivalrous Combatants? Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845276595.

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The debate on remote-controlled and so-called autonomous military robotics has also led to new inquiries into the ethos of soldiers. Should soldiers take risks which technological means could easily help them to avoid? Will the deployment of drones and autonomous weapons systems lead to the demise of military virtues? How much technological asymmetry is acceptable in a battle? Is there a need for a new ethos of chivalry among soldiers? In selected papers, this book endeavors to trace the traditional fundamental ideas of chivalry and military virtues, such as courage. It also addresses the question of the ethical significance of such soldierly attributes in conflicts today. With contributions by Nigel Biggar, Torsten Meireis, Alexander Merkl, Jörn Müller, Peter Olsthoorn, Gregory M. Reichberg, Niklas Schörnig and Malcolm Vale.
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47

Grare, Frédéric. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859336.003.0010.

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India’s relationship with the United States remains crucial to its own objectives, but is also ambiguous. The asymmetry of power between the two countries is such that the relationship, if potentially useful, is not necessary for the United States while potentially risky for India. Moreover, the shift of the political centre of gravity of Asia — resulting from the growing rivalry between China and the US — is eroding the foundations of India’s policy in Asia, while prospects for greater economic interaction is limited by India’s slow pace of reforms. The future of India-US relations lies in their capacity to evolve a new quid pro quo in which the US will formulate its expectations in more realistic terms while India would assume a larger share of the burden of Asia’ security.
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48

Callard, Agnes. Self-Creation and Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190639488.003.0007.

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Aspiration, unlike Talbot Brewer’s “dialectical activities,” is a learning process in which someone moves from an inadequate to an adequate grasp of some value. Because we cannot learn what is not there, we can only take ourselves (or others) to aspire when we think there is something there to aspire to. Aspiration is distinct from ambition, in which agents make large-scale changes in the world without coming to learn why they are doing so. If some pursuit—e.g., becoming a gangster—is bereft of value at the endpoint, it cannot be engaged in aspirationally. This gives rise to an asymmetrical theory of moral responsibility for self: we are responsible for our valuational successes to the extent that we arrived at them aspirationally, and we are responsible for our valuational defects to the extent that they are the products of culpable failure to aspire.
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49

Petrova, Svetlana. Introduction to Part I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an overview of the diachronic development of the left periphery in German. It introduces the OV/V2 asymmetry as a basic property of continental West Germanic syntax, as well as the components of the verb-second rule. On this basis, it surveys the rise of verb-second, elaborating on state-of-the-art in the beginning of the attestation, on the relation between V2 and the emergence of complementizers in Germanic, as well as on the role of Germanic sentence particles in the left periphery of the clause. In addition, orders challenging the validity V2 in German—such as verb-first, verb-third, and verb-final orders—are discussed. The chapter also discusses the role of information structure in movement to the left periphery, as well as the emergence of a special class of adverbial connectives, which develop from low adverbs and acquire a special status with respect to the left periphery.
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50

Falkner, Robert. The Anarchical Society and Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779605.003.0012.

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The Anarchical Society is the first major English School text that addresses the rise of global environmentalism. Based on a close reading of Bull’s classic text, this essay applies his pluralist perspective to the international politics of climate change. Bull’s pluralism offers valuable insights into the scope for, and limitations of, international climate action: it identifies the persistent value and interest differences that prevent deep international cooperation; it highlights the centrality of inter-state bargaining; and it stresses the importance of crafting cooperative solutions that reflect the realities of power asymmetry. However, while Bull acknowledges the need to move towards deeper, solidarist, forms of cooperation, his perspective is found to be wanting when it comes to understanding the modalities of such a shift. Bull has little to say on how to construct a solidarist response and how non-state actors might develop new forms of transnational governance beyond the state-centric climate regime.
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