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Williams, Michael, David Beukelman, and Cara Ullman. "AAC Text Messaging." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 21, no. 2 (June 2012): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac21.2.56.
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Abstract Text messaging is becoming an increasing popular social networking strategy. More than 80% of American adults have cell phones, three-quarters of them send and receive text messages. People who rely on AAC are also finding texting an efficient, asynchronous way to communicate. In this report, Michael Williams discusses his use of texting. We also introduce core vocabulary resources for AAC texting.
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ZHAO, Ge-ke, and Bing-guo CHANG. "Design of service-oriented asynchronous messaging middleware." Journal of Computer Applications 29, no. 8 (October 9, 2009): 2312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2009.02312.
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Parastatidis, S., S. Woodman, J. Webber, D. Kuo, and P. Greenfield. "Asynchronous messaging between Web services using SSDL." IEEE Internet Computing 10, no. 1 (January 2006): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mic.2006.3.
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Steitz, Bryan D., Kim M. Unertl, and Mia A. Levy. "An Analysis of Electronic Health Record Work to Manage Asynchronous Clinical Messages among Breast Cancer Care Teams." Applied Clinical Informatics 12, no. 04 (August 2021): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735257.
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Abstract Objective Asynchronous messaging is an integral aspect of communication in clinical settings, but imposes additional work and potentially leads to inefficiency. The goal of this study was to describe the time spent using the electronic health record (EHR) to manage asynchronous communication to support breast cancer care coordination. Methods We analyzed 3 years of audit logs and secure messaging logs from the EHR for care team members involved in breast cancer care at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. To evaluate trends in EHR use, we combined log data into sequences of events that occurred within 15 minutes of any other event by the same employee about the same patient. Results Our cohort of 9,761 patients were the subject of 430,857 message threads by 7,194 employees over a 3-year period. Breast cancer care team members performed messaging actions in 37.5% of all EHR sessions, averaging 29.8 (standard deviation [SD] = 23.5) messaging sessions per day. Messaging sessions lasted an average of 1.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.24) minutes longer than nonmessaging sessions. On days when the cancer providers did not otherwise have clinical responsibilities, they still performed messaging actions in an average of 15 (SD = 11.9) sessions per day. Conclusion At our institution, clinical messaging occurred in 35% of all EHR sessions. Clinical messaging, sometimes viewed as a supporting task of clinical work, is important to delivering and coordinating care across roles. Measuring the electronic work of asynchronous communication among care team members affords the opportunity to systematically identify opportunities to improve employee workload.
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Chen, Kaiming, Jiageng Chen, and Jixin Zhang. "Anonymous Asynchronous Ratchet Tree Protocol for Group Messaging." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041058.
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Signal is the first application that applies the double ratchet for its end-to-end encryption protocol. The core of the double ratchet protocol is then applied in WhatsApp, the most popular messaging application around the world. Asynchronous Ratchet Tree (ART) is extended from ratchet and Diffie-Hellman tree. It is the first group protocol that applies Forward Secrecy (FS) with Post-Compromised Security (PCS). However, it does not consider protecting the privacy of user identity. Therefore, it makes sense to provide anonymous features in the conditions of FS and PCS. In this paper, the concepts of Internal Group Anonymity (IGA) and External Group Anonymity (EGA) are formalized. On the basis of IGA and EGA, we develop the “Anonymous Asynchronous Ratchet Tree (AART)” to realize anonymity while preserving FS and PCS. Then, we prove that our AART meets the requirements of IGA and EGA as well as FS and PCS. Finally, the performance and related issues of AART are discussed.
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Nakao, Taro, Kazutoshi Takano, and Shigetoshi Yokoyama. "An asynchronous messaging platform for context-aware service development." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 90, no. 12 (2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.20403.
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Fatoohi, Rod, Nihar Gokhale, and Suja Viswesan. "iJob: an Internet-based job execution environment using asynchronous messaging." Information and Software Technology 47, no. 8 (June 2005): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2004.10.007.
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P. Ahuja, Sanjay, and Naveen Mupparaju. "Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Distributed Messaging Using Message Oriented Middleware." Computer and Information Science 7, no. 4 (August 19, 2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v7n4p9.
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Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) is an enabling technology for modern event-driven applications that are typically based on publish/subscribe communication (Eugster, 2003). Enterprises typically contain hundreds of applications operating in environments with diverse databases and operating systems. Integration of these applications is required to coordinate the business process. Unfortunately, this is no easy task. Enterprise Integration, according to the authors in (Brosey et al, 2001), "aims to connect and combines people, processes, systems, and technologies to ensure that the right people and the right processes have the right information and the right resources at the right time”. Communication between different applications can be achieved by using synchronous and asynchronous communication tools. In synchronous communication, both parties involved must be online (for example, a telephone call), whereas in asynchronous communication, only one member needs to be online (email). Middleware is software that helps two applications communicate with one another. Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) and Object Request Brokers (ORB) are two types of synchronous middleware—when they send a request they must wait for an immediate reply. This can decrease an application’s performance when there is no need for synchronous communication. Even though asynchronous distributed messaging using message oriented middleware is widely used in industry, there is not enough work done in evaluating the performance of various open source Message oriented middleware. The objective of this work was to benchmark and evaluate three different open source MOM’s performance in publish/subscribe and point-to-point domains, and provide a functional comparison and qualitative study from developers perspective.
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Fritsch, Joerg, and Coral Walker. "CMQ - A lightweight, asynchronous high-performance messaging queue for the cloud." Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications 1, no. 1 (2012): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2192-113x-1-20.
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Kock, Ned, and Robert Mcqueen. "A Field Study of the Effects of Asynchronous Groupware Support on Process Improvement Groups." Journal of Information Technology 12, no. 4 (December 1997): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629701200402.
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Process improvement (PI) groups have been among the main change instruments of widely adopted and publicized organizational development approaches such as total quality management and business process re-engineering. Asynchronous groupware tools, such as electronic messaging systems, have found widespread use in organizations yet very little field research exists on how PI groups are affected by such tools. We try to fill this gap with a field study of the effects of asynchronous groupware support on seven PI groups in two New Zealand organizations. Our study indicates that, while not having perceived negative effects on group effectiveness, asynchronous groupware support was perceived as increasing process adoption, hierarchy suppression, departmental heterogeneity and contribution length and decreasing discussion duration, cost and interaction in PI groups. We argue that, based on these findings, the use of asynchronous groupware tools is likely to be beneficial in PI projects, particularly where a large number of PI groups proposing incremental process changes is conducted.
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Jo, Hyeong, Tae Son, Seol Jeong, and Soon Kang. "Proximity-Based Asynchronous Messaging Platform for Location-Based Internet of Things Service." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 5, no. 7 (July 14, 2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5070116.
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Soro, Alessandro, Margot Brereton, and Paul Roe. "The Messaging Kettle: It’s IoTea time." Aarhus Series on Human Centered Computing 1, no. 1 (October 5, 2015): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aahcc.v1i1.21323.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>It’s time to consider people in designing the Internet of Things (IoT). We demonstrate a working prototype of a Messaging Kettle. It is designed to facilitate asynchronous communication and enable a sense of presence between adult children and their older parents living remotely from them through the familiar comfort routine of boiling the kettle to make a cup of tea. Our goal is to offer a human centred critique of the Internet of Things, which has largely been conceived without consideration of the people who will use the things, and rather has traditionally moved from a technology oriented perspective. In the case of smart homes this approach has produced a wide array of projects focused on monitoring the habits of the elderly, recognizing anomalies and alerting the caregivers. In contrast we propose to focus on engagement and reciprocity, building on the rituals associated with habitually used and cherished objects. We conclude by revisiting the technology-oriented framework for the Internet of Things to include our observations on people’s perspectives on smart communicating objects. </span></p></div></div></div>
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Gao, Zhenyu, Jian Cao, Wei Wang, Huayun Zhang, and Zengrong Xu. "Online-Semisupervised Neural Anomaly Detector to Identify MQTT-Based Attacks in Real Time." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (September 13, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4587862.
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Industry 4.0 focuses on continuous interconnection services, allowing for the continuous and uninterrupted exchange of signals or information between related parties. The application of messaging protocols for transferring data to remote locations must meet specific specifications such as asynchronous communication, compact messaging, operating in conditions of unstable connection of the transmission line of data, limited network bandwidth operation, support multilevel Quality of Service (QoS), and easy integration of new devices. The Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol is used in software applications that require asynchronous communication. It is a light and simplified protocol based on publish-subscribe messaging and is placed functionally over the TCP/IP protocol. It is designed to minimize the required communication bandwidth and system requirements increasing reliability and probability of successful message transmission, making it ideal for use in Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication or networks where bandwidth is limited, delays are long, coverage is not reliable, and energy consumption should be as low as possible. Despite the fact that the advantage that MQTT offers its way of operating does not provide a serious level of security in how to achieve its interconnection, as it does not require protocol dependence on one intermediate third entity, the interface is dependent on each application. This paper presents an innovative real-time anomaly detection system to detect MQTT-based attacks in cyber-physical systems. This is an online-semisupervised learning neural system based on a small number of sampled patterns that identify crowd anomalies in the MQTT protocol related to specialized attacks to undermine cyber-physical systems.
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Grebelsky-Lichtman, Tsfira, Ziv Adato, and Shira Traeger. "Extending Impression Management Theory: The Need for Privacy vs. the Need to Express Information on Instant Messaging Apps." Studies in Media and Communication 8, no. 1 (May 13, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v8i1.4853.
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Impression management (IM) is a central assertion in interpersonal communication. There is increasing interest in exploring IM in new media. However, studies exploring IM in popular instant-messaging apps are lacking. Our main aims in the present study are to fill this gap and extend IM theory toward an innovative theoretical and analytical framework of computer-mediated communication (CMC). This study analyzed the popular instant-messaging app WhatsApp, the largest app for social chatting that has users all over the world.We utilized a multi-variant design of quantitative and qualitative analysis, and conducted content analysis of WhatsApp profiles (n=546); an online survey of WhatsApp users (n=600); and in-depth interpersonal interviews (n=30). The findings demonstrate the structure, motivations, and communication functions of CMC IM. The proposed framework provides composite theoretical explanations, of psychological and sociological perspectives, for the IM’s conflicting motivations: the need for privacy and the need to express information. Moreover, this study delineates the effect of gender and marital status on IM through instant-messaging app. The theoretical and analytical framework develops an impression construct that both reduces and increases information, which activates synchronous and asynchronous features of instant-messaging apps, which affects interpersonal communication.
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Shaw, Philip. "Spelling, accent and identity in computer-mediated communication." English Today 24, no. 2 (June 2008): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078408000199.
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ABSTRACTAn analysis of home page spellings in relation to the accents they evoke. One of the most obvious developments connected with modern electronic communication is the opening up of an area of publicly visible language from what Sebba (2003a) calls the partially regulated zone of spelling. This zone appears in such synchronous media as instant messaging, chatrooms and ICQ (‘I seek you’) and asynchronous ones including SMS text messages, blogs, email and homepages.
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Hagedorn, Philip A., Amit Singh, Brooke Luo, Christopher Bonafide, and Jeffrey M. Simmons. "Secure Text Messaging in Healthcare: Latent Threats and Opportunities to Improve Patient Safety." Journal of Hospital Medicine 15, no. 6 (September 18, 2019): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12788/3305.
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Over the past two decades, physicians and nurses practicing in hospital settings have faced an onslaught of challenges in communication, an area frequently cited as critical to providing safe and effective care to patients.1-3 Communication needs have increased significantly as hospitalized patients have become more acute, complex, and technology-dependent, requiring larger healthcare teams comprising subspecialists across multiple disciplines spread across increasingly larger inpatient facilities.4 During this same period, the evolution of mobile phones has led to dramatic shifts in personal communication patterns, with asynchronous text messaging replacing verbal communication.5-7
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Jhala, Meenakshi, and Rahul Menon. "Examining the impact of an asynchronous communication platform versus existing communication methods: an observational study." BMJ Innovations 7, no. 1 (October 6, 2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2019-000409.
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BackgroundHealthcare systems revolve around intricate relations between humans and technology. System efficiency depends on information exchange that occur on synchronous and asynchronous platforms. Traditional synchronous methods of communication may pose risks to workflow integrity and contribute to inefficient service delivery and medical care.AimTo compare synchronous methods of communication to Medic Bleep, an instant messaging asynchronous platform, and observe its impact on clinical workflow, quality of work life and associations with patient safety outcomes and hospital core operations.MethodsCohorts of healthcare professionals were followed using the Time Motion Study methodology over a 2-week period, using both the asynchronous platform and the synchronous methods like the non-cardiac pager. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted to identify staff attitudes towards both platforms.ResultsA statistically significant figure (p<0.01) of 20.1 minutes’ reduction in average task completion was seen with asynchronous communication, saving 58.8% of time when compared with traditional synchronous methods. In subcategory analysis for staff: doctors, nurses and midwifery categories, a p value of <0.0495 and <0.01 were observed; a mean time reduction with statistical significance was also seen in specific task efficiencies of ‘To-Take-Out (TTO), patient review, discharge & patient transfer and escalation of care & procedure’. The platform was favoured with an average Likert value of 8.7; 67% found it easy to implement.ConclusionThe asynchronous platform improved clinical communication compared with synchronous methods, contributing to efficiencies in workflow and may positively affect patient care.
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Unger, Nik, and Ian Goldberg. "Improved Strongly Deniable Authenticated Key Exchanges for Secure Messaging." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2018, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 21–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2018-0003.
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AbstractA deniable authenticated key exchange (DAKE) protocol establishes a secure channel without producing cryptographic evidence of communication. A DAKE offersstrong deniabilityif transcripts provide no evidence even if long-term key material is compromised (offline deniability) and no outsider can obtain evidence even when interactively colluding with an insider (online deniability). Unfortunately, existing strongly deniable DAKEs have not been adopted by secure messaging tools due to security and deployability weaknesses.In this work, we propose three new strongly deniable key exchange protocols—DAKEZ, ZDH, and XZDH—that are designed to be used in modern secure messaging applications while eliminating the weaknesses of previous approaches. DAKEZ offers strong deniability in synchronous network environments, while ZDH and XZDH can be used to construct asynchronous secure messaging systems with offline and partial online deniability. DAKEZ and XZDH provide forward secrecy against active adversaries, and all three protocols can provide forward secrecy against future quantum adversaries while remaining classically secure if attacks against quantum-resistant cryptosystems are found.We seek to reduce barriers to adoption by describing our protocols from a practitioner’s perspective, including complete algebraic specifications, cryptographic primitive recommendations, and prototype implementations. We evaluate concrete instantiations of our DAKEs and show that they are the most efficient strongly deniable schemes; with all of our classical security guarantees, our exchanges require only 1 ms of CPU time on a typical desktop computer and at most 464 bytes of data transmission. Our constructions are nearly as efficient as key exchanges with weaker deniability, such as the ones used by the popular OTR and Signal protocols.
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Malgaroli, Matteo, Thomas Derrick Hull, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, and Patricia Resick. "Message Delivery for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Longitudinal Observational Study of Symptom Trajectories." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): e15587. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15587.
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Background Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) face symptoms that can hinder access to treatment, such as avoidance and guilt. Telemedicine offers a technological solution to increase access to mental health care and overcome barriers to treatment. Although an increasing body of literature focused on synchronous telehealth (eg, live video), no studies have examined the delivery of PTSD treatment via two-way multimedia messages (ie, texting or messaging). Objective The aim of this study was to conduct a longitudinal observation of treatment for PTSD delivered using two-way asynchronous messaging. We also sought to identify individual and treatment characteristics that could predict the observed outcome differences. Methods Outpatients diagnosed with PTSD (N=475) received interventions from licensed therapists, which were delivered via messaging once or more than once per day, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. PTSD symptoms were assessed every 3 weeks using the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Trajectories of PTSD symptoms were identified using growth mixture modeling (GMM). Using logistic regression, the demographic, treatment, and messaging characteristics of patient groups that improved were compared with the characteristics of patient groups that did not improve. Results The GMM identified 4 trajectories of PTSD symptoms: moderate improvement (197/475, 41.4%), high symptoms (197/475, 41.4%), chronic symptoms (61/475, 12.9%), and acute improvement (20/475, 4.3%). Patients with a clinically significant reduction in PTSD symptoms (231/475, 48.6%) were more likely to communicate via video (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.05; P=.03), have a higher working alliance with their therapist (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05; P=.02), and be at their first treatment experience (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.18-3.54; P=.01). Treatment adherence was associated with greater therapeutic alliance (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.10; P<.001), education (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.13-4.03; P=.02), and more patient-generated messages per week (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.13; P<.001). Conclusions Multimedia message delivery for PTSD treatment showed symptom-reduction rates similar to traditional forms of treatment delivery, suggesting further study of messaging as a treatment medium. Most patients completed an 8-week course, reflecting the acceptability of messaging interventions. Delivering treatment via two-way messaging offers increased opportunities for widespread access to mental health care.
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Sadasivam, Rajani Shankar, Ariana Kamberi, Kathryn DeLaughter, Barrett Phillips, Jessica H. Williams, Sarah L. Cutrona, Midge N. Ray, Gregg H. Gilbert, and Thomas K. Houston. "Secure Asynchronous Communication Between Smokers and Tobacco Treatment Specialists: Secondary Analysis of a Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention in the QUIT-PRIMO and National Dental PBRN Networks." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): e13289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13289.
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Background Within a web-assisted tobacco intervention, we provided a function for smokers to asynchronously communicate with a trained tobacco treatment specialist (TTS). Previous studies have not attempted to isolate the effect of asynchronous counseling on smoking cessation. Objective This study aimed to conduct a semiquantitative analysis of TTS-smoker communication and evaluate its association with smoking cessation. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data on secure asynchronous communication between trained TTSs and a cohort of smokers during a 6-month period. Smokers were able to select their preferred TTS and message them using a secure web-based form. To evaluate whether the TTS used evidence-based practices, we coded messages using the Motivational Interviewing Self-Evaluation Checklist and Smoking Cessation Counseling (SCC) Scale. We assessed the content of messages initiated by the smokers by creating topical content codes. At 6 months, we assessed the association between smoking cessation and the amount of TTS use and created a multivariable model adjusting for demographic characteristics and smoking characteristics at baseline. Results Of the 725 smokers offered asynchronous counseling support, 33.8% (245/725) messaged the TTS at least once. A total of 1082 messages (TTSs: 565; smokers 517) were exchanged between the smokers and TTSs. The majority of motivational interviewing codes were those that supported client strengths (280/517, 54.1%) and promoted engagement (280/517, 54.1%). SCC code analysis showed that the TTS provided assistance to smokers if they were willing to quit (247/517, 47.8%) and helped smokers prepare to quit (206/517, 39.8%) and anticipate barriers (197/517, 38.1%). The majority of smokers’ messages discussed motivations to quit (234/565, 41.4%) and current and past treatments (talking about their previous use of nicotine replacement therapy and medications; 201/565, 35.6%). The majority of TTS messages used behavioral strategies (233/517, 45.1%), offered advice on treatments (189/517, 36.5%), and highlighted motivations to quit (171/517, 33.1%). There was no association between the amount of TTS use and cessation. In the multivariable model, after adjusting for gender, age, race, education, readiness at baseline, number of cigarettes smoked per day at baseline, and the selected TTS, smokers messaging the TTS one or two times had a smoking cessation odds ratio (OR) of 0.8 (95% CI 0.4-1.4), and those that messaged the TTS more than two times had a smoking cessation OR of 1.0 (95% CI 0.4-2.3). Conclusions Our study demonstrated the feasibility of using asynchronous counseling to deliver evidence-based counseling. Low participant engagement or a lack of power could be potential explanations for the nonassociation with smoking cessation. Future trials should explore approaches to increase participant engagement and test asynchronous counseling in combination with other approaches for improving the rates of smoking cessation.
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Stamenova, Vess, Payal Agarwal, Leah Kelley, Jamie Fujioka, Megan Nguyen, Michelle Phung, Ivy Wong, Nike Onabajo, R. Sacha Bhatia, and Onil Bhattacharyya. "Uptake and patient and provider communication modality preferences of virtual visits in primary care: a retrospective cohort study in Canada." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e037064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037064.
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ObjectivesTo evaluate the uptake of a platform for virtual visits in primary care, examine patient and physician preferences for virtual communication methods and report on characteristics of visits and patients experience of care.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingPrimary care practices within five regions in Ontario, Canada after 18 months of access to virtual care services.Participants326 primary care providers and 14 291 registered patients.InterventionsProviders used a platform that allowed them to connect with their patients through synchronous (audio/video) and/or asynchronous (secure messaging) communication.Main outcome measuresUser-level data from the platforms including patient demographics, practice characteristics, communication modality used, visit characteristics and patients’ satisfaction.ResultsAmong the participants, 44% of registered patients and 60% of registered providers used the platform at least once. Among patient users, 51% completed at least one virtual visit. The majority of virtual visits (94%) involved secure messaging. The most common patient requests were for medication prescriptions (24%) and follow-up from previous appointment (22%). The most common provider request was to follow-up on test results (59%). Providers indicated that 81% of virtual visits required no follow-up for that issue and 99% of patients reported that they would use virtual care services again.ConclusionsWhile there are a growing number of primary care video visit services, our study found that both patients and providers in rostered practices prefer secure messaging over video. Despite fears that virtual visits would be overused by patients, when patients connected with their own primary care provider, many virtual visits appeared to replace in-person visits, and patients did not overwhelm physicians with requests. This approach may improve access and continuity in primary care.
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Miskovic, Vanja, and Djordje Babic. "Pervasive Personal Healthcare Service Designed as Mobile Social Network." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 10, no. 4 (October 25, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v10i4.5913.
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A global phenomenon of population ageing and an increasing number of patients with chronic diseases place substantial additional pressure on healthcare systems. A possible solution for this problem is a new emerging sort of pervasive personal healthcare service that is focused on the patient and allows the patient to be actively involved in his or her own health care. In this paper, we propose the architecture of the pervasive personal healthcare service which is based on the existing technologies available to almost everyone. Along with the conventional request-response synchronous communication, the proposed system features asynchronous communication based on publish-subscribe-notify model. In order to perform asynchronous communication, a web application server is integrated with the Google Cloud Messaging service. The communication between mobile device and servers is carried out through the available Wi-Fi or mobile networks, whereas Bluetooth protocol is conventional for Body Sensor Networks consisting of wearable sensor devices. We also present a mobile application which has been developed with use-case driven approach for both patients and medical personnel. The introduced application has a form of a nonintrusive customized mobile social network. We explain usage scenarios that clarify the required functions and present conclusions based on the system test.
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Sharykin, Raman E., and Alexander N. Kourbatski. "A model of distributed objectbased stochastic hybrid systems." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Mathematics and Informatics, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6508-2019-2-52-61.
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This article offers a mathematical model for distributed objectoriented stochastic hybrid systems (DOBSHS). DOBSHS are composite objects communicating with other objects through the exchange of messages through an asynchronous medium such as a network. An important component of the model is the probabilistic nature of the DOBSHS, in which the state of the system is described by stochastic differential equations with instantaneous probabilistic state changes when certain conditions are met. Also probabilistic is the nature of the messaging environment, in which the model of message delivery time is a random variable. Such problems are often encountered in practice in various areas and issues of formal modeling and verification of their properties are very important. The article presents a mathematical model of DOBSHS and proved that it has a Markov property.
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Oya, Makoto, and Taku Okuno. "A Middleware Framework for Loose Robot Communication over the Internet." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 17, no. 1 (February 20, 2005): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2005.p0011.
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Paralleling with the expansion of robot technology to social activities such as home use, community work, and entertainment, robot communication technology must expand from closed networks to the Internet. Unlike closed networks, robot communication over the Internet must be based on loose process coupling between robots. Web Services technology fits this requirement, but requires middleware supporting Web Services for robot communication to implement robot application software in this environment. Most existing middleware does not fully conform to this requirement because it mainly targets enterprise systems rather than robot applications. We propose a middleware framework for loose robot communication over Web Services based on OpenSOAP, an open-source middleware for Web Services. The framework realizes several essential features for loose robot communication, including bidirectional communication, a new concept called task service, asynchronous messaging, and task forwarding. The results of this study, while based on OpenSOAP, are applicable to other middleware technologies.
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Semeniuta, Oleksandr, and Petter Falkman. "Event-driven industrial robot control architecture for the Adept V+ platform." PeerJ Computer Science 5 (July 29, 2019): e207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.207.
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Modern industrial robotic systems are highly interconnected. They operate in a distributed environment and communicate with sensors, computer vision systems, mechatronic devices, and computational components. On the fundamental level, communication and coordination between all parties in such distributed system are characterized by discrete event behavior. The latter is largely attributed to the specifics of communication over the network, which, in terms, facilitates asynchronous programming and explicit event handling. In addition, on the conceptual level, events are an important building block for realizing reactivity and coordination. Event-driven architecture has manifested its effectiveness for building loosely-coupled systems based on publish-subscribe middleware, either general-purpose or robotic-oriented. Despite all the advances in middleware, industrial robots remain difficult to program in context of distributed systems, to a large extent due to the limitation of the native robot platforms. This paper proposes an architecture for flexible event-based control of industrial robots based on the Adept V+ platform. The architecture is based on the robot controller providing a TCP/IP server and a collection of robot skills, and a high-level control module deployed to a dedicated computing device. The control module possesses bidirectional communication with the robot controller and publish/subscribe messaging with external systems. It is programmed in asynchronous style using pyadept, a Python library based on Python coroutines, AsyncIO event loop and ZeroMQ middleware. The proposed solution facilitates integration of Adept robots into distributed environments and building more flexible robotic solutions with event-based logic.
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Calvaresi, Davide, Jean-Paul Calbimonte, Enrico Siboni, Stefan Eggenschwiler, Gaetano Manzo, Roger Hilfiker, and Michael Schumacher. "EREBOTS: Privacy-Compliant Agent-Based Platform for Multi-Scenario Personalized Health-Assistant Chatbots." Electronics 10, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060666.
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Context. Asynchronous messaging is increasingly used to support human–machine interactions, generally implemented through chatbots. Such virtual entities assist the users in activities of different kinds (e.g., work, leisure, and health-related) and are becoming ingrained into humans’ habits due to factors including (i) the availability of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, (ii) the increasingly engaging nature of chatbot interactions, (iii) the release of dedicated APIs from messaging platforms, and (iv) increasingly complex AI-based mechanisms to power the bots’ behaviors. Nevertheless, most of the modern chatbots rely on state machines (implementing conversational rules) and one-fits-all approaches, neglecting personalization, data-stream privacy management, multi-topic management/interconnection, and multimodal interactions. Objective. This work addresses the challenges above through an agent-based framework for chatbot development named EREBOTS. Methods. The foundations of the framework are based on the implementation of (i) multi-front-end connectors and interfaces (i.e., Telegram, dedicated App, and web interface), (ii) enabling the configuration of multi-scenario behaviors (i.e., preventive physical conditioning, smoking cessation, and support for breast-cancer survivors), (iii) online learning, (iv) personalized conversations and recommendations (i.e., mood boost, anti-craving persuasion, and balance-preserving physical exercises), and (v) responsive multi-device monitoring interface (i.e., doctor and admin). Results. EREBOTS has been tested in the context of physical balance preservation in social confinement times (due to the ongoing pandemic). Thirteen individuals characterized by diverse age, gender, and country distribution have actively participated in the experimentation, reporting advancements in the physical balance and overall satisfaction of the interaction and exercises’ variety they have been proposed.
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Schneier, Joel, and Peter Kudenov. "Texting in motion: Keystroke logging and observing synchronous mobile discourse." Mobile Media & Communication 6, no. 3 (December 8, 2017): 309–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050157917738806.
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This study explores the efficacy of keystroke logging as a method to qualitatively investigate the synchronous processes of discursive interaction through mobile devices as individuals go about their everyday lives. Heeding cautions from Boase (2013) concerning software variability across mobile technologies, as well as challenges from Ørmen and Thorhauge (2015) to use log data for qualitative research, our study offers one such methodological roadmap for observing—from the software side—the complex entanglements of humans and mobile technologies as they engage in mediated discourse. Our study draws upon keystroke analysis from the tradition of writing process research (Leijten & van Waes, 2013; Wengelin, 2006), as well as posthumanist methodologies for observing cybernetic interactions (Giddings, 2014), and extends Farman’s (2012) argument that asynchronous forms of mobile communication, such as text messaging, are performatively synchronous, since interlocutors are pulled toward embodied copresence via the mediated space. In doing so, we present a preliminary study of methods for directly observing how discursive processes manifest in-the-moment as a complex flow between human, machinic, and spatial components in a network assemblage.
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Baird, Derek E., and Mercedes Fisher. "Neomillennial User Experience Design Strategies: Utilizing Social Networking Media to Support “Always on” Learning Styles." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 34, no. 1 (September 2005): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/6wmw-47l0-m81q-12g1.
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Raised in the “always on” world of interactive media, the Internet, and digital messaging technologies, today's student has different expectations and learning styles than previous generations. This net-centric generation values their ability to use the Web to create a self-paced, customized, on-demand learning path that includes multiple forms of interactive, social, and self-publishing media tools. First, we investigate the formation of a burgeoning digital pedagogy that roots itself in current adult and social learning theories, while integrating social networking, user experience design strategies, and other emerging technologies into the curriculum to support student learning. Next, we explore how current and emerging social networking media (such as Weblogs, iPod, RSS/XML, podcasting/audioblogs, wiki, Flickr, and other self-publishing media) can support neomillennial learning styles, facilitate the formation of learning communities, foster student engagement and reflection, and enhance the overall user experience for students in synchronous and asynchronous learning environments. The data included in this article are intended as directional means to help instructors and course designers identify social networking resources and other emerging technologies that will enhance the delivery of instruction while meeting the needs of today's neomillennial learning styles.
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Sekhar Yarrabothu, Ravi, Sivaji Satrasupali, and Lakshmi Gutha. "Performance Analysis of 5G Waveform – Bi-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing under Real Fading Condition Simulations." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (September 22, 2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20039.
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4G LTE communication system uses OFDM and for resource allocation control channels like PRACH is used. Around 6% bandwidth is getting used for this PRACH procedure and due to OFDM requirement of strict synchronization, short messaging become tedious and cause power wastage due to the control traffic for every message. The main challenge for 5G communications is to handle the transmission of extremely asynchronous data and control traffic in one go. Existing OFDM based systems have the drawback of very sensitive to the time and frequency offsets and in turn results in synchronization errors. To overcome this challenge, it has been adopted a new waveform based on Bi-orthogonal Frequency Division multiplexing (BFDM) which supports the Internet of Things (IoT) sporadic traffic. In this paper, BFDM principles, behaviour of BFDM under various channel conditions, Matlab simulation results pertaining to the performance of BFDM against the existing OFDM are discussed. The simulation results shows that the Symbol Error Rate of the BFDM system is less than the OFDM under time varying fading conditions such as Extended Pedestrian A (EPA), Extended Vehicular A (EVA), Extended Typical Urban(ETU) models.
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Yakovchenko, Vera, Timothy P. Hogan, Thomas K. Houston, Lorilei Richardson, Jessica Lipschitz, Beth Ann Petrakis, Chris Gillespie, and D. Keith McInnes. "Automated Text Messaging With Patients in Department of Veterans Affairs Specialty Clinics: Cluster Randomized Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 8 (August 4, 2019): e14750. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14750.
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Background Acceptability of mobile phone text messaging as a means of asynchronous communication between health care systems and patients is growing. The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has adopted an automated texting system (aTS) for national rollout. The aTS allows providers to develop clinical texting protocols to promote patient self-management and allows clinical teams to monitor patient progress between in-person visits. Texting-supported hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment has not been previously tested. Objective Guided by the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM), we developed an aTS HCV protocol and conducted a mixed methods, hybrid type 2 effectiveness implementation study comparing two programs supporting implementation of the aTS HCV protocol for medication adherence in patients with HCV. Methods Seven VA HCV specialty clinics were randomized to usual aTS implementation versus an augmented implementation facilitation program. Implementation process measures included facilitation metrics, usability, and usefulness. Implementation outcomes included provider and patient use of the aTS HCV protocol, and effectiveness outcomes included medication adherence, health perceptions and behaviors, and sustained virologic response (SVR). Results Across the seven randomized clinics, there were 293 facilitation events using a core set of nine implementation strategies (157 events in augmented implementation facilitation, 136 events in usual implementation). Providers found the aTS appropriate with high potential for scale-up but not without difficulties in startup, patient selection and recruitment, and clinic workflow integration. Patients largely found the aTS easy to use and helpful; however, low perceived need for self-management support contributed to high declination. Reach and use was modest with 197 patients approached, 71 (36%) enrolled, 50 (25%) authenticated, and 32 (16%) using the aTS. In augmented implementation facilitation clinics, more patients actively used the aTS HCV protocol compared with usual clinic patients (20% vs 12%). Patients who texted reported lower distress about failing HCV treatment (13/15, 87%, vs 8/15, 53%; P=.05) and better adherence to HCV medication (11/15, 73%, reporting excellent adherence vs 6/15, 40%; P=.06), although SVR did not differ by group. Conclusions The aTS is a promising intervention for improving patient self-management; however, augmented approaches to implementation may be needed to support clinician buy-in and patient engagement. Considering the behavioral, social, organizational, and technical scale-up challenges that we documented, successful and sustained implementation of the aTS may require implementation strategies that operate at the clinic, provider, and patient levels. Trial Registration Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03898349; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03898349
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Chen, Chi-Hua, and Kuen-Rong Lo. "Applications of Internet of Things." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7090334.
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This editorial introduces the special issue entitled “Applications of Internet of Things”, of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. Topics covered in this issue include three main parts: (I) intelligent transportation systems (ITS), (II) location-based services (LBS), and (III) sensing techniques and applications. Three papers on ITS are as follows: (1) “Vehicle positioning and speed estimation based on cellular network signals for urban roads,” by Lai and Kuo; (2) “A method for traffic congestion clustering judgment based on grey relational analysis,” by Zhang et al.; and (3) “Smartphone-based pedestrian’s avoidance behavior recognition towards opportunistic road anomaly detection,” by Ishikawa and Fujinami. Three papers on LBS are as follows: (1) “A high-efficiency method of mobile positioning based on commercial vehicle operation data,” by Chen et al.; (2) “Efficient location privacy-preserving k-anonymity method based on the credible chain,” by Wang et al.; and (3) “Proximity-based asynchronous messaging platform for location-based Internet of things service,” by gon Jo et al. Two papers on sensing techniques and applications are as follows: (1) “Detection of electronic anklet wearers’ groupings throughout telematics monitoring,” by Machado et al.; and (2) “Camera coverage estimation based on multistage grid subdivision,” by Wang et al.
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Meredith, David, Stephen Crouch, Gerson Galang, Ming Jiang, Hung Nguyen, and Peter Turner. "Towards a scalable, open-standards service for brokering cross-protocol data transfers across multiple sources and sinks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1926 (September 13, 2010): 4115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0148.
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Data Transfer Service (DTS) is an open-source project that is developing a document-centric message model for describing a bulk data transfer activity, with an accompanying set of loosely coupled and platform-independent components for brokering the transfer of data between a wide range of (potentially incompatible) storage resources as scheduled, fault-tolerant batch jobs. The architecture scales from small embedded deployments on a single computer to large distributed deployments through an expandable ‘worker-node pool’ controlled through message-orientated middleware. Data access and transfer efficiency are maximized through the strategic placement of worker nodes at or between particular data sources/sinks. The design is inherently asynchronous, and, when third-party transfer is not available, it side-steps the bandwidth, concurrency and scalability limitations associated with buffering bytes directly through intermediary client applications. It aims to address geographical–topological deployment concerns by allowing service hosting to be either centralized (as part of a shared service) or confined to a single institution or domain. Established design patterns and open-source components are coupled with a proposal for a document-centric and open-standards-based messaging protocol. As part of the development of the message protocol, a bulk data copy activity document is proposed for the first time.
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Mellor, Xochitl, Matthew J. Buczek, J. Todd Lawrence, Theodore J. Ganley, Alexander J. Adams, and Apurva S. Shah. "DELIVERY OF COMMON KNEE PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME INSTRUMENTS BY AUTOMATED MOBILE PHONE TEXT MESSAGING IN PEDIATRIC SPORTS MEDICINE." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 3_suppl (March 1, 2019): 2325967119S0004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00040.
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Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments measure a patient’s health status in a variety of domains, including physical, mental and social well-being. The delivery of such instruments has become an integral part of healthcare, commonly employed to assess treatment efficacy and outcomes in sports medicine. With the proliferation of mobile phones, administration of PROs across patient-friendly platforms (e.g. apps, text messaging) may increase completion rates, particularly among younger patients. The purpose of this study was to validate the collection of common knee PROs with text messaging in sports medicine, by correlating text messaging responses with traditional paper delivery in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Patients presenting to a hospital-based pediatric orthopaedic sports medicine clinic with a knee injury were enrolled in this prospective investigation. Patients were excluded if they were undergoing a same-day office procedure, underwent surgery within the previous 90 days, and/or had no access to a mobile phone. Paper versions of the Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form and the Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (Pedi-Fab Scale) questionnaires were completed during the patients’ initial clinic visit. Over the next 72 hours, the patients subsequently completed the mobile phone portion of the study outside of the clinic (Figure 1), which included text message delivery of the Pedi-IKDC and Pedi-Fab Scale, assigned in a random order. Correlations between paper and text message delivery of the two PROs were assessed. Secondary analyses were conducted to examine overall completion time and associations between patient demographics and text compliance. Results: Of the 91 patients (Age M=16.0 ±2.0 years; 48% female) initially enrolled in the study, 55 (60.4%) completed the text Pedi-Fab Scale, 48 (52.7%) completed the text Pedi-IKDC, and 39 (42.9%) completed both PROs. Among the evaluable sample, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the paper and mobile phone delivery of the Pedi-Fabs was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-0.97). The ICC between the paper and mobile phone delivery of the Pedi-IKDC was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93-0.98). Average Pedi-Fab scores on paper (M=12.7) and mobile phone (M=12.3) were not significantly different (p=0.52). Similarly, average Pedi-IKDC scores on paper (M=68.8) and mobile phone (M=67.7) were not significantly different (p=0.41). A Bland-Altman plot and linear regression revealed there was no proportional bias between the mean and difference for the Pedi-Fab scores (p=0.55) and Pedi-IKDC scores (p=0.56). The average completion time for the text delivered Pedi-Fab and Pedi-IKDC were 102±224 minutes and 159±155 minutes, respectively. For Pedi-Fab, there were no patient demographics that were significantly associated with text completion. However, high school students (p=0.025), female sex (p=0.036), and race (p=0.002), were significantly associated with the text completion of Pedi-IKDC. In addition, order of the delivery of the questionnaires and paper scores were not associated with text completion for either survey. Conclusion: Text message delivery using mobile phones permits valid assessment of Pedi-IKDC and Pedi-Fabs scores in this prospective observational study. Questionnaire delivery by automated text messaging allows asynchronous response and may increase compliance among high school students while also reducing the labor cost of collecting PROs.
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Schober, Michael F. "The future of face-to-face interviewing." Quality Assurance in Education 26, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qae-06-2017-0033.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the likelihood that face-to-face (FTF) interviewing will continue to be the “gold standard” survey interviewing method, to which all other modes are compared, in an era in which daily communicative habits for many now involve selecting among many alternative modes. Design/methodology/approach After outlining what is known about the purported benefits and drawbacks of FTF interviewing, the paper reviews recent findings that raise questions about whether FTF interviewing still produces the highest rates of participation, best data quality and greatest respondent satisfaction. Findings Results of several studies suggest that at least for some respondents, asynchronous interviewing modes that reduce the interviewer’s social presence and allow respondents to participate while they are mobile or multitasking (in particular, text messaging) may well lead to higher quality data and greater respondent satisfaction. Practical implications To the extent that these findings generalize, the implication is that FTF interviewing will continue to be needed for at least some respondents, but multiple trends suggest that it is likely to be one mode among many, and that the assumption that it is always needed or that it always leads to the highest quality data no longer holds. Originality/value Exploring when and how FTF interviewing will continue to be needed is particularly important given FTF’s financial and social costs, in an era of budgetary challenges and new questioning about which data sources are essential and lead to trustworthy information.
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Zhou, Wei. "Fuzzy rules based efficient event-driven simulation of blockchain-based applications." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 8101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189633.
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Decentralized application (DAPP), replacing traditional business logic and data access layer with block chain, is a new form of Internet service. Testing DAPP requires large-scale distributed systems. Performing experiments in a real system is costly and difficult. This article carefully analyses the process of block generation and synchronization and explains the reasons for the low efficiency of block chain system simulation. We incorporate fuzzy rule based model for enhancing the logging system in blockchain. Rules based on fuzzy are utilized inside system of fuzzy logic to obtain outcome on basis of input variables. The data of Ethereum and Bitcoin proves that the block generation interval conforms to the exponential distribution, and the real PoW calculation can be replaced with random numbers. Both block verification and network propagation processes have latency, which can be simulated with asynchronous messaging. Based on the above analysis, this article proposes a high-performance simulation method based on event-driven model, which is suitable for describing the communication and synchronization behave our of block chain networks. The method can effectively describe the block generation, the synchronization process between nodes, and supports different equity proof forms. Using this method, the performance of the PoW systemis tested. Under the ecs.c6.xlargeinstance,the simulation running speed reaches 782 times of actual system. Further experiments show that this method can be efficiently used in larger-scale networks and is an effective tool for DAPP developing and testing.
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Ratanjee-Vanmali, Husmita, De Wet Swanepoel, and Ariane Laplante-Lévesque. "Patient Uptake, Experience, and Satisfaction Using Web-Based and Face-to-Face Hearing Health Services: Process Evaluation Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): e15875. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15875.
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Background Globally, access to hearing health care is a growing concern with 900 million people estimated to suffer from disabling hearing loss by 2050. Hearing loss is one of the most common chronic health conditions, yet access to hearing health care is limited. Incorporating Web-based (voice calling, messaging, or emailing) service delivery into current treatment pathways could improve access and allow for better scalability of services. Current electronic health studies in audiology have focused on technical feasibility, sensitivity, and specificity of diagnostic hearing testing and not on patient satisfaction, experiences, and sustainable models along the entire patient journey. Objective This study aimed to investigate a hybrid (Web-based and face-to-face) hearing health service in terms of uptake, experience, and satisfaction in adult patients with hearing loss. Methods A nonprofit hearing research clinic using online and face-to-face services was implemented in Durban, South Africa, using online recruitment from the clinic’s Facebook page and Google AdWords, which directed persons to an online Web-based hearing screening test. Web-based and face-to-face care pathways included assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation. To evaluate the service, an online survey comprising (1) a validated satisfaction measurement tool (Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction), (2) a process evaluation of all the 5 steps completed, and (3) personal preferences of communication methods used vs methods preferred was conducted, which was sent to 46 patients who used clinic services. Results Of the patients invited, 67% (31/46) completed the survey with mean age 66 years, (SD 16). Almost all patients, 92% (30/31) reported that the online screening test assisted them in seeking hearing health care. Approximately 60% (18/31) of the patients accessed the online hearing screening test from an Android device. Patients stayed in contact with the audiologist mostly through WhatsApp instant messaging (27/31, 87%), and most patients (25/31, 81%) preferred to use this method of communication. The patients continuing with hearing health care were significantly older and had significantly poorer speech recognition abilities compared with the patients who discontinued seeking hearing health care. A statistically significant positive result (P=.007) was found between age and the number of appointments per patient. Around 61% (19/31) of patients previously completed diagnostic testing at other practices, with 95% (18/19) rating the services at the hybrid clinic as better. The net promoter score was 87, indicating that patients were highly likely to recommend the hybrid clinic to friends and family. Conclusions This study applied Web-based and face-to-face components into a hybrid clinic and measured an overall positive experience with high patient satisfaction through a process evaluation. The findings support the potential of a hybrid clinic with synchronous and asynchronous modes of communication to be a scalable hearing health care model, addressing the needs of adults with hearing loss globally.
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Mohammad Aslam, Mohammad Shariq, and Atef Odeh AbuSa’aleek. "Synchronous Mobile-Mediated Communication: An Analysis of Discourse Functions and the Nature of Negotiations." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 510 (October 10, 2019): 1419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.510.1419.1427.
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Negotiating meaning and form has an important role in the development of a language. At the same time, written and audio output may also vary, which can lead to the generation of a variety of discourse functions and materialize in teaching methodologies and academic content used in the language teaching process. Since technology is increasingly becoming an indispensable and integral educational tool across the world, Saudi Arabia being no exception, language teachers are encouraged to integrate new technologies into their teaching methodology and practice to ensure they meet learners’ needs. WhatsApp Messenger, as a messaging and Voice over IP (VoIP) service that allows users to, among others, send text and voice messages and make voice and video calls, is investigated as a real-time language learning in this research. The current paper was conceived out of the researcher’s consistent observation of the positive impact of synchronous audio and written mobile-mediated communication tools, in particular WhatsApp, and the nature of negotiating meaning and form on the development of English as a foreign language for ESL and EFL learners. There has been previous similar research on WhatsApp as an educational tool but, in these studies, the language outcomes have largely been neglected. By analyzing audio and text negotiations and interactions conducted over WhatsApp, and comparing them with equivalent asynchronous computer-based exchanges, this study aims to investigate different types of discourse functions that are used in the negotiation of meaning via synchronous mobile-mediated communication. On a micro level, we compare Synchronous Audio Mobile-Mediated Communication (SAMMC) and Synchronous Written Mobile-Mediated Communication (SWMMC) modes of interaction, when applying discourse functions, to determine which mode offers a greater range of innovative language output. The language output of forty undergraduate EFL learners was studied over a five-week period and it was concluded that SAMMC outperformed SWMMC in terms of the scope of meaning and form.
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LeLaurin, Jennifer H., Avi H. Lamba, Nathaniel D. Eliazar-Macke, Magda K. Schmitzberger, I. Magaly Freytes, Stuti Dang, W. Bruce Vogel, et al. "Postdischarge Intervention for Stroke Caregivers: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): e21799. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21799.
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Background The majority of stroke survivors return to their homes and need assistance from family caregivers to perform activities of daily living. These increased demands coupled with the lack of preparedness for their new roles lead to a high risk for caregivers developing depressive symptoms and other negative outcomes. Follow-up home support and problem-solving interventions with caregivers are crucial for maintaining stroke survivors in their homes. Problem-solving interventions are effective but are underused in practice because they require large amounts of staff time to implement and are difficult for caregivers logistically. Objective The aim of this study is to test a problem-solving intervention for stroke caregivers that can be delivered over the telephone during the patient’s transitional care period (time when the stroke survivor is discharged to home) followed by 8 asynchronous online sessions. Methods The design is a two-arm parallel randomized clinical trial with repeated measures. We will enroll 240 caregivers from eight Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers. Participants randomized into the intervention arm receive a modified problem-solving intervention that uses telephone and web-based support and training with interactive modules, fact sheets, and tools on the previously developed and nationally available Resources and Education for Stroke Caregivers’ Understanding and Empowerment Caregiver website. In the usual care group, no changes are made in the information, discharge planning, or care the patients who have had a stroke normally receive, and caregivers have access to existing VA resources (eg, caregiver support line, self-help materials). The primary outcome is a change in caregiver depressive symptoms at 11 and 19 weeks after baseline data collection. Secondary outcomes include changes in stroke caregivers’ burden, knowledge, positive aspects of caregiving, self-efficacy, perceived stress, health-related quality of life, and satisfaction with care and changes in stroke survivors’ functional abilities and health care use. The team will also determine the budgetary impact, facilitators, barriers, and best practices for implementing the intervention. Throughout all phases of the study, we will collaborate with members of an advisory panel. Results Study enrollment began in June 2015 and is ongoing. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2021. Conclusions This is the first known study to test a transitional care and messaging center intervention combined with technology to decrease caregiver depressive symptoms and to improve the recovery of stroke survivors. If successful, findings will support an evidence-based model that can be transported into clinical practice to improve the quality of caregiving post stroke. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01600131; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01600131 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/21799
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Fujioka, Jamie Keiko, Suman Budhwani, Tyla Thomas-Jacques, Kristina De Vera, Priyanka Challa, Kaitlin Fuller, Sophie Hogeveen, et al. "Challenges and Strategies for Promoting Health Equity in Virtual Care: Protocol for a Scoping Review of Reviews." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): e22847. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22847.
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Background The rapid virtualization of health services during the COVID-19 pandemic has drawn increasing attention to the impact of virtual care technologies on health equity. In some circumstances, virtual care initiatives have been shown to increase health disparities, as individuals from underserved communities are less likely to benefit from such initiatives. Objective The purpose of this paper is to describe a protocol for a scoping review of reviews that aims to map review-level evidence that describes challenges and strategies for promoting effective engagement with virtual care technologies among underserved communities. Methods Our methodology was adapted from seminal scoping review guidelines provided by Arksey and O’Malley, Levac at al, Colquhoun et al, and the Joanna Briggs Institute. Our search strategy was developed for the following databases: MEDLINE (on Ovid), EMBASE (on Ovid), CINAHL (on EBSCO), Scopus, and Epistemonikos. Supplementary searches will include the use of Google Scholar and reference tracking. Each citation will be independently screened by 2 researchers at the title and abstract level, and full-text screening will be performed in accordance with our eligibility criteria. The eligibility criteria focused on the inclusion of methods-driven reviews (ie, systematic reviews, scoping reviews, meta-analyses, realist reviews, and critical interpretative syntheses) to enhance rigor and quality. Other inclusion criteria included a focus on virtual care services that facilitate bidirectional patient-provider communication (ie, video, telephone, and asynchronous messaging visits) for underserved populations (ie, those who experience social disadvantage due to race, age, income, and other factors related to the social determinants of health). Results This scoping review of reviews will provide a broad overview of identified challenges associated with the accessibility of virtual health care services among underserved communities. In addition, strategies for improving the access to, uptake of, and engagement with virtual care technologies among underserved communities will be identified. The knowledge synthesized from this review will aid in developing and implementing virtual services that acknowledge the unique needs of populations who experience barriers to care and disproportionately worse health outcomes. The results will also inform gaps in current research. Conclusions The rapid shift toward virtual health services has highlighted the urgent need to critically examine the intersection of virtual care and health equity. Although technology-driven innovations in health care generally aim to improve access, quality, and health outcomes, it is also possible for these innovations to produce intervention-generated inequities. Assessing current review-level evidence on the key challenges and strategies for improving the application of virtual care in underserved communities is imperative for ensuring that virtual care benefits all populations. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/22847
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Dalal, Anuj K., Jeffrey Schnipper, Anthony Massaro, John Hanna, Eli Mlaver, Kelly McNally, Diana Stade, Constance Morrison, and David W. Bates. "A web-based and mobile patient-centered ‘‘microblog’’ messaging platform to improve care team communication in acute care." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 24, e1 (August 18, 2016): e178-e184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw110.
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Communication in acute care settings is fragmented and occurs asynchronously via a variety of electronic modalities. Providers are often not on the same page with regard to the plan of care. We designed and developed a secure, patient-centered “microblog” messaging platform that identifies care team members by synchronizing with the electronic health record, and directs providers to a single forum where they can communicate about the plan of care. The system was used for 35% of patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit over a 6-month period. Major themes in messages included care coordination (49%), clinical summarization (29%), and care team collaboration (27%). Message transparency and persistence were seen as useful features by 83% and 62% of respondents, respectively. Availability of alternative messaging tools and variable use by non-unit providers were seen as main barriers to adoption by 83% and 62% of respondents, respectively. This approach has much potential to improve communication across settings once barriers are addressed.
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Russ, Alissa L., Michelle A. Jahn, Himalaya Patel, Brian W. Porter, Khoa A. Nguyen, Alan J. Zillich, Amy Linsky, and Steven R. Simon. "Formative Usability Evaluation of a Novel Tool for Medication Reconciliation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601634.
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To decrease medication errors, a common cause of injury to patients, we developed a novel electronic tool to facilitate asynchronous communication between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients for medication reconciliation. However, it was unknown whether the tool adequately supported HCPs’ usability needs. Our objective was to conduct an iterative usability evaluation of the tool with physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, in preparation for a randomized controlled trial. We hypothesized that we would identify design weaknesses that could be addressed via interface modifications prior to the trial. We completed a mixed-method, formative usability evaluation with 20 HCPs in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Services Research and Development, Human-Computer Interaction and Simulation Laboratory located within a major medical center. The tool in this study is formally known as the Secure Messaging for Medication Reconciliation Tool (SMMRT). The evaluation consisted of four sequential steps: 1) phase I usability testing to assess the baseline tool along with small, iterative design changes throughout testing; 2) heuristic evaluation; 3) implement major design changes that incorporate findings from previous steps; and 4) phase II usability testing to assess the implemented design changes and further refine the tool. This presentation focuses on steps 1 and 4 related to usability testing. During testing, HCPs worked through a real case consisting of a patient discharged from the hospital within the past 30 days who had at least 5 outpatient medications. We collected data on efficiency, usability errors, and participants’ satisfaction, along with participants’ ability to detect and address three distinct types of medication errors via the tool. For the latter, we inserted three safety probes into the simulation: 1) a missing medication (i.e., omission); 2) an extraneous medication (i.e., commission); and 3) an inaccurate dose (i.e., dose discrepancy). Data were analyzed descriptively, rather than via statistical comparisons, due to the formative and iterative nature of this research. There was no indication of efficiency gains during iterative prototyping and testing. Highlights of usability errors included confusion about medication entry fields; incorrect assumptions regarding medication list accuracy; inadequate medication information sorting and organization; and premature closure. Additionally, HCPs described usability errors that might occur in clinical practice. For example, medication images on the tool may not match what is dispensed to patients. HCPs also expressed concern that medication updates made via the tool may not be consistently updated in the electronic health record. In terms of satisfaction, HCPs’ ratings tended to increase as design modifications were implemented. After phase II usability testing, their overall satisfaction was favorable. Finally, for each of the three safety probes, 50% or fewer of HCPs identified the associated medication error. This research illustrates the importance of usability evaluations as a precursor to randomized trials of health information technology. Our multi-step approach to usability testing, with heuristic evaluation at the midpoint, may inform the design of other usability evaluations. While efficiency gains were not realized, user satisfaction improved. The inclusion of safety probes was especially valuable, since probes allowed us to assess error detection rates. There may be opportunities for human factors professionals to expand the sophistication and types of probes used in future healthcare research. Future studies are needed to develop more advanced design approaches that facilitate healthcare professionals’ detection of medication errors.
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Taskiran, Ayse. "Telecollaboration: Fostering Foreign Language Learning at a Distance." European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning 22, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eurodl-2019-0012.
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AbstractToday, language learners can be linked with students in other countries to form international partnerships, which is often called telecollaboration. Some common goals of telecollaboration include cultural awareness, development of foreign language skills and intercultural communicative competence. This study intends to gain insights about the learners’ experience following a 5-week telecollaboration activity between 100 English as a foreign language (EFL) students from Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics in China and Anadolu University in Turkey. The participation in the project was on voluntary basis for Turkish students. The telecollaboration activity included three different stages in which learners from both countries were expected to be able to communicate using different channels (text messaging, voice calls, video calls, emailing) synchronously and asynchronously, to analyse and compare their own and their peers’ culture to build understanding of each other’s identities and to collaborate together to produce a cultural piece of work. At the end of the activity Turkish EFL students were invited to answer a questionnaire that aimed to gain insights about their experience related to telecollaboration activity. Results revealed that the participants mostly enjoyed the activity. They also believed the activity contributed to their language learning process, motivation and intercultural communicative competence.
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Koschel, Arne, Irina Astrova, Marc Schaaf, Volker Ahlers, Stella Gatziu Grivas, and Ahto Kalja. "Asynchronous Messaging for OSGi." Journal of Computing and Information Technology 20, no. 3 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.2498/cit.1002091.
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Dubey, Varsha. "Android Device to Device Messaging using Google Cloud Messaging (GCM)." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 1, no. 1 (August 23, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v1i1.6.
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Android is an operating system for smartphones, tablets and now will be used for Personal Computers also. It includes a touch screen user interface, widgets, camera, network data monitoring and all the other features that enable a cell phone to be called a smartphone. Basically, Multi-Purpose chat application allows users to send asynchronous messages, and enable sharing image files with other peers on the JXTA world using JXME. Instant messaging has become so ubiquitous, an entire generation of internet users is probably unaware there was ever life without it. The use of instant messaging nowadays is more than the calling function itself. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a methodology to provide instant Messaging Service over the Google Cloud Messaging which is addressed to android based smartphone and tablet users connected over intranet via Wi-Fi. The proposed method is based on sending/receiving messages in intranet through intranet server via Wi-Fi connection without the need of taking any service from mobile service provider .
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Wei, Jianghong, Xiaofeng Chen, Jianfeng Ma, Xuexian Hu, and Kui Ren. "Communication-Efficient and Fine-Grained Forward-Secure Asynchronous Messaging." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2021, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3084692.
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Hernández-Lara, Ana Beatriz, Alexandre Perera-Lluna, and Enric Serradell-López. "Game learning analytics of instant messaging and online discussion forums in higher education." Education + Training ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-11-2020-0334.
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PurposeWith the growth of digital education, students increasingly interact in a variety of ways. The potential effects of these interactions on their learning process are not fully understood and the outcomes may depend on the tool used. This study explores the communication patterns and learning effectiveness developed by students using two basic synchronous and asynchronous communication tools in e-learning environments, specifically business simulation games.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a quasi-experiment research with 478 online business students, 267 of whom used online discussion forums and 211 interacted via an instant messaging app. The application of learning analytics and text mining on natural language processing allows us to explore the student communication patterns with each of tools and their effectiveness in terms of learning.FindingsThe results confirm the complementarity of the communication tools, asynchronous tools being especially the suitable for task-related communication and synchronous ones for speeding up and facilitating student social interactions.Originality/valueThe main value of this research lies in the use of data analytics and text mining to access and analyse the content of student interactions to assess the learning process in greater depth, comparing synchronous and asynchronous learning modes, considering that little is known about the impact of online synchronous interaction or instant messaging, and even less about the different features, content and performance that emerge when these two learner interaction modalities are compared.
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Kirolos, Sandy, Lynsey Sutcliffe, Maria Giatsi Clausen, Carolyn Abernethy, Shanthi Shanmugalingam, Nicole Bauwens, Judith Orme, Kirsty Thomson, Rosemary Grattan, and Neil Patel. "Asynchronous video messaging promotes family involvement and mitigates separation in neonatal care." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition, September 14, 2020, fetalneonatal—2020–319353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-319353.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the parent and staff experience of a secure video messaging service as a component of neonatal care.DesignMulticentre evaluation incorporating quantitative and qualitative items.SettingLevel II and level III UK neonatal units.PopulationFamilies of neonatal inpatients and neonatal staff.InterventionUse of a secure, cloud-based asynchronous video messaging service to send short messages from neonatal staff to families. Evaluation undertaken July–November 2019.Main outcome measuresParental experience, including anxiety, involvement in care, relationships between parents and staff, and breastmilk expression.ResultsIn pre-implementation surveys (n=41), families reported high levels of stress and anxiety and were receptive to use of the service. In post-implementation surveys (n=42), 88% perceived a benefit of the service on their neonatal experience. Families rated a positive impact of the service on anxiety, sleep, family involvement and relationships with staff. Qualitative responses indicated enhanced emotional closeness, increased involvement in care and a positive effect on breastmilk expression. Seventy-seven post-implementation staff surveys were also collected. Staff rated the service as easy to use, with minimal impact on workload. Seventy-one percent (n=55) felt the service had a positive impact on relationships with families. Staff identified the need to manage parental expectations in relation to the number of videos that could be sent.ConclusionsAsynchronous video messaging improves parental experience, emotional closeness to their baby and builds supportive relationships between families and staff. Asynchronous video supports models of family integrated care and can mitigate family separation, which could be particularly relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Castelle, Michael. "Middleware’s Message: the Financial Technics of Codata." Philosophy & Technology, December 9, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13347-019-00379-2.
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AbstractIn this paper, I will argue for the relevance of certain distinctive features of messaging systems, namely those in which data (a) can be sent and received asynchronously, (b) can be sent to multiple simultaneous recipients and (c) is received as a “potentially infinite” flow of unpredictable events. I will describe the social technology of the stock ticker, a telegraphic device introduced at the New York Stock Exchange in the 1860s, with reference to early twentieth century philosophers of synchronous experience (Bergson), simultaneous sign interpretations (Mead and Peirce), and flows of discrete events (Bachelard). Then, I will show how the ticker’s data flows developed into the 1990s-era technologies of message queues and message brokers, which distinguished themselves through their asynchronous implementation of ticker-like message feeds sent between otherwise incompatible computers and terminals. These latter systems’ characteristic “publish/subscribe” communication pattern was one in which conceptually centralized (if logically distributed) flows of messages would be “published,” and for which “subscribers” would be spontaneously notified when events of interest occurred. This paradigm—common to the so-called “message-oriented middleware” systems of the late 1990s—would re-emerge in different asynchronous distributed system contexts over the following decades, from “push media” to Twitter to the Internet of Things.
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Murphy, Elizabeth, and Justyna Ciszewska-Carr. "Instructors' experiences of web based synchronous communication using two way audio and direct messaging." Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 23, no. 1 (March 22, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1274.
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<span>This paper reports on an exploratory case study designed to gain insight into instructors' experiences with web based synchronous communication using two way audio and direct messaging. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight instructors who used </span><em>Elluminate Live</em><span> in their web based, asynchronous courses in Education, Nursing, and Social Work at a Canadian university during the Winter 2004-05. We grouped the findings into two categories. The first category relates to use of text based communication or direct messaging (DM). We subdivided this category as follows: trouble shooting versus teaching; and public versus private conversations. The second category relates to use of voice based communication or audio conferencing (two way audio) subdivided into four sub-categories as follows: talkers versus listeners; patience versus prompting; whole group versus breakout groups; and two way versus one way communication. Use of text based messaging and two way audio raised issues of the need to divide one's attention and to promote student-student interaction. Implications for research and practice are presented.</span>
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Kadirire, James. "Instant Messaging for Creating Interactive and Collaborative m-Learning Environments." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v8i2.344.
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'Instant Messaging' (IM) and 'Presence,' which is essentially the ability of being able to detect if other users are logged in on the network and send them messages in real time, has become one of the most popular applications of the Internet, causing people to want to stay connected to the Internet for inordinate amounts of time, a phenomena that also fosters a sense of "online community," that perhaps no other application has done previously (Alvestrand, 2002). This research looks at the use of mobile devices to send instant messages that can carry much more information than the short message service (SMS) messages, but would be free to use, notwithstanding the price of getting online. We present a prototype IM system that can be used as a viable means of communicating and learning in higher education establishments. There is some evidence to show that learning using mobile devices reduces the formality of the learning experience, and helps engage reluctant learners and raise their self-confidence. In order for the learning process to be successful in online distance learning, unlike in the traditional face-to-face learning, attention must be paid to developing the participants' sense of community within their particular group. Instant messaging – or IM – is a natural medium for online community building and asynchronous/ synchronous peer discussions.