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Journal articles on the topic 'At St. Helena'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

CRONK, Q. C. B. "W. J. Burchell and the botany of St Helena." Archives of Natural History 15, no. 1 (February 1988): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1988.15.1.45.

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The unpublished writings of W. J. Burchell concerning the natural history of St Helena (9 MSS at Kew, Oxford and Johannesburg) have been examined as sources for historical ecology. Even though the native vegetation of St Helena had been substantially altered by the time of Burchell's visit (1805–1810), the documents are useful in interpreting subsequent extinction and plant introduction, as well as for understanding the former vegetation. Floristically the most important document is the "Flora Insulae Sanctae Helenae" and a full transcript is provided here.

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2

Cowburn, B., J. Graham, M. Schratzberger, J. Brown, L. Henry, E. Clingham, A. Beard, and P. Nelson. "Rocky reefs of St Helena and the tropical Atlantic: how the lack of coral and an isolated oceanic location drive unique inshore marine ecology." Marine Ecology Progress Series 663 (March 31, 2021): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13633.

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This paper presents the first quantitative assessment of the rocky reef ecology of St Helena, a remote island in the central tropical Atlantic. Monitoring data were used to characterise different habitat types found around St Helena. These findings were compared with 9 other locations in the tropical Atlantic, in different biogeographic, oceanic and reef settings, along with the environmental variables known to limit coral reef formation. St Helena’s rocky and boulder reefs had ~50% cover dominated by turf and other filamentous algae, with lower levels of sessile invertebrates (15%) and macroalgae (4%). Both coral and rocky reef comparison locations also showed a dominance of turf and filamentous algae, with higher levels of macroalgae and sessile invertebrates in areas with higher nutrient concentrations (e.g. south-east continental Brazil). Coral growth in St Helena appeared to be limited by cool average sea temperatures of 22°C, which is near, but not below, accepted lower thresholds for reef formation. The main trophic groups of fish found on rocky reefs in St Helena were comparable to other Atlantic rocky and coral reefs, with a dominance of planktivores, mobile invertivores and roving herbivores, with the major difference in trophic structure being driven by more planktivores in oceanic vs. continental versus locations. St Helena’s narrow rocky coastal strip varied little in terms of reef geomorphology, resulting in high homogeneity around the island. However, endemic fish were numerous, demonstrating that isolation has produced a unique tropical Atlantic marine assemblage.

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3

Wigginton, Martin J. "Bryophytes of St. Helena, South Atlantic Ocean. 7. Cylindrocolea (Jungermanniales, Cephaloziellaceae): C. Sanctae-Helenae M. Wigginton Sp. Nov." Polish Botanical Journal 58, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2013-0012.

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Abstract A new species of Cylindrocolea R. M. Schust. from St. Helena, C. sanctae-helenae M. Wigginton, sp. nov. is described and illustrated. This is the first report of the family Cephaloziellaceae from the island.

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4

BROWN, JUDITH, ANNALEA BEARD, ELIZABETH CLINGHAM, RONALD FRICKE, LEEANN HENRY, and PETER WIRTZ. "The fishes of St Helena Island, central Atlantic Ocean—new records and an annotated check-list." Zootaxa 4543, no. 2 (January 6, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4543.2.1.

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A check-list of the fishes of St Helena Island is presented. The following species are recorded for the first time from St. Helena Island: Rhincodon typus, Mobula tarapacana, Muraena melanotis, Caranx latus, Seriola rivoliana, Balistes capriscus, Lutjanus jocu, Centropyge aurantonotus, Acanthurus coeruleus, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, Tetrapturus pfluegeri, Coelorinchus geronimo, Pentaceros richardsoni, Gephyroberyx darwinii, Brotula cf multibarbata, Poromitra crassiceps, Echiostoma barbatum, Malacosteus niger, Pachystomias microdon. Including these nineteen new records there are 189 fish species currently known from St Helena. Three of them appear to be undescribed. Eight species and two subspecies are currently considered endemic to St. Helena Island.

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5

Maddison, David R., John S. Sproul, and Howard Mendel. "Origin and adaptive radiation of the exceptional and threatened bembidiine beetle fauna of St Helena (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 1155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz150.

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Abstract The central peaks of the isolated island of St Helena (south Atlantic Ocean) are home to an extraordinary set of ground beetles of the tribe Bembidiini, which belong to three endemic genus-group taxa. These beetles are strikingly different in overall body form from the many bembidiines found elsewhere in the world. At least some of the St Helena species are likely to be extinct, and all are threatened by habitat destruction and invasive species. Through next-generation sequencing of historical museum specimens, we examine the phylogenetic relationships of the St Helena fauna. We find that, in spite of their morphological disparities, the endemic bembidiines of St Helena form a clade of genetically similar species, with their sister group being Bembidion alsium from the Indian Ocean island of La Réunion, and the sister group of this pair being the African subgenus Omotaphus. We propose that the St Helena Peaks Bembidion are an adaptive radiation that arose from a single dispersal event to St Helena from a now-extinct African lineage (sister to Omotaphus) and that this extinct lineage also served as the ancestral source of B. alsium. Given that the St Helena Peaks Bembidion are deeply nested in the genus Bembidion, we move the three taxa back in that genus as subgenera and provide a new name (Bembidion shepherdae) for the now-homonymous Bembidion wollastoni.

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6

Müller, Frank. "Contribution to the bryoflora and bryogeography of St. Helena (South Atlantic Ocean)." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 16, no. 1 (December 1, 1999): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.16.1.12.

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Results of an evaluation of a collection of bryophytes made by Mr. T. Karisch on St. Helena, comprizing approx. 70 specimens, are presented. Four species (Bryum sauteri, Lophocolea bidentata, Syrrhopodon gaudichaudii, Trichostomum brachydontium) are reported for the first time for St. Helena. Five taxa endemic to St. Helena (Kurzia nemoides, Radula fulvifolia, Tylimanthus anisodontus, Fissidens helenicus, Sematophyllum plumularium) and Dicranella proscripta, which is elsewhere only known from Ascension, have been found probably for the first time this century. A phytogeographical analysis of the bryoflora of St. Helena is presented. Dicranella condensata Aongstr. is regarded as synonymous with Dicranella proscripta (Hornsch.) Mitt. and Rhaphidorrhynchium plumularium (Mitt.) Broth. with Sematophyllum erythrocaulon (Aongstr.) Jaeg.

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7

Keys, Cathy. "Sharing the waterways: Shark-proof swimming, penal detention and the early history of St Helena Island, Moreton Bay." Queensland Review 27, no. 2 (December 2020): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2020.11.

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AbstractThis research examines the role that fear of sharks has played in the history of St Helena Island Moreton Bay, Queensland through analysis of historical records, newspapers, photographs and literature. The article begins with Aboriginal histories of St Helena Island, colonial settlement of the region and the building of a quarantine station. An exploration of the ways in which settlers’ fear of sharks supported the detention of prisoners in the St Helena Island Penal Establishment follows. The research finds that the warders’ shark-proof swimming enclosure on St Helena Island (1916) records a time when Queensland communities were first seeking to manage the recreational demands of swimmers in the context of a growing public fear of sharks.

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8

Colman, John. "Marine Biology in St. Helena." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 116, no. 2 (August 21, 2009): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1946.tb00123.x.

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9

Jones, Proctor, Ben Weider, and Sten Forschufvud. "Assassination at St. Helena Revisited." Journal of Military History 62, no. 3 (July 1998): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/120445.

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10

Beighton, P., H. S. Myers, S. J. Aldridge, J. Sedgewick, and S. Eickhoff. "St. Helena familial genu valgum." Clinical Genetics 30, no. 4 (April 23, 2008): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1986.tb00612.x.

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11

MacLeod, Colin D., and Emma Bennett. "Pan-tropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) and other cetaceans around St Helena in the tropical south-eastern Atlantic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 1 (February 2007): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407052502.

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The occurrence, distribution and structure of cetacean communities in the tropical South Atlantic beyond the shelf edge are poorly known with little dedicated research occurring within this region. At 15°58′S 005°43′W, the island of St Helena is one of the few areas of land within this region and the only one that lies in the tropical south-eastern Atlantic. As a result, St Helena offers a unique opportunity to study cetaceans within this area using small boats and land-based observations. This paper describes the results of a preliminary, short-term survey of the cetacean community around St Helena in the austral winter of 2003. Pan-tropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) were the most numerous species recorded, followed by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis), a species not previously reported from St Helena. This last species was only recorded occurring in mixed groups with bottlenose dolphins. Pan-tropical spotted and bottlenose dolphins differed in their spatial distribution around St Helena. While pan-tropical spotted dolphins were primarily recorded resting in large groups in the lee of the island during daylight hours, bottlenose dolphins and rough-toothed dolphins were recorded closer to shore and on both the windward and lee sides. Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) were also recorded once during the survey, but interviews with local fishermen suggest that this species regularly occurs in the waters around St Helena in small numbers during the austral winter. The results of this preliminary survey suggest that the cetacean community around St Helena during this survey was relatively simple, consisting of up to three species that are present year-round and one seasonally occurring species in the nearshore waters, with a small number of additional species occurring occasionally in deeper offshore areas.

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12

Donaldson, Ronnie, and Adrian Forssman. "‘Opening up to the World’: An Exploration of Residents’ Opinions on and Perceptions of St Helena Island’s Tourism Development." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, no. 9(6) (December 15, 2020): 944–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-61.

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St Helena Island, often regarded as one of the most remote places on earth, is an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom and generally considered geographically as ‘part’ of Africa. Economically, the island is wholly dependent on British aid. Once important as a stop for trading ships for some 400 years, the island has suffered the same problems faced by many other small island economies: a lack of natural resources, diseconomies of scale, net outmigration, and a dependence on aid and remittances. Tourism has been earmarked as an important sector which has the potential to contribute significantly to the economy of St Helena, especially after the completion of the St Helena Airport. The purpose of this research reported here was to determine the level of tourism development on St Helena since its ‘opening up’ to the world after the first passenger flight touched down in 2017, by applying Butler’s tourism area life cycle model and Doxey’s irridex model. These models provided the framework for qualitatively determining the level of tourism development. An e-survey was conducted among residents about their expectations of tourism development. St Helena has been trapped in the involvement stage for decades while being inhibited by its remoteness and accessibility issues. It is clear from the evidence that some of the island’s tourism characteristics relate to the involvement stage, whereas others are synonymous with the development stage. It is thus reasonable to argued that St Helena currently lies in a flux between the involvement and development stages of the Butler model. The opening of the airport is conceivably the springboard necessary for leaving behind all the impeding features of the involvement stage.

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13

BURNS, FIONA, NEIL MCCULLOCH, TAMÁS SZÉKELY, and MARK BOLTON. "The impact of introduced predators on an island endemic, the St Helena Plover, Charadrius sanctaehelenae." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 2 (May 20, 2013): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000245.

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SummaryWe investigated the impact of introduced predators on the productivity of the St Helena Plover Charadrius sanctaehelenae, a shorebird endemic to the South Atlantic island of St Helena. The nest predator species identified have all been introduced to St Helena in the last 510 years, and all are species that are known to be invasive on other islands. The species responsible for taking the largest proportion of eggs was the domestic cat Felis catus, with rats (Rattus rattus or R. norvegicus) and Common Myna Acridotheres tristis taking smaller proportions. Nest survival varied spatially and was correlated with an index of cat density. No relationship was observed between the number of nesting attempts per pair in a year and predator density. The resulting estimates of productivity were insufficient in some areas to allow stable populations to persist locally. Future work should focus on assessing the population level impacts of current and reduced predator densities to St Helena Plovers, and understanding the influence of resource availability and habitat structure on the densities and impacts of predators.

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14

Hugo, Victor. "w‘Moscow’, ‘Waterloo’, ‘St Helena’ from L'Expiation." Comparative Critical Studies 1, no. 1-2 (June 2004): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2004.1.1-2.197.

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15

McCulloch, Neil. "St Helena Wirebird: the forgotten plover." Bulletin of the African Bird Club 6, no. 2 (September 1999): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.309574.

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16

Chancellor, Gordon Russell. "Charles Darwin's St Helena model notebook." Bulletin of the Natural History Museum (Natural History). Historical Series. 18, no. 2 (November 29, 1990): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.310436.

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17

Collins, Dominique W. "Macrophthalmothrips argus (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): a fungus-feeding thrips newly established on the Atlantic island of St Helena." Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 154, no. 4 (October 26, 2018): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/m00138908.1544.3946.

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Macrophthalmothrips argus (Karny) is here recorded as newly established on the island of St Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. A review of the Thysanoptera fauna of St Helena is also presented. Macrophthalmothrips argus is the twelfth thrips species to be recorded from the island: the eleventh, Sericothrips staphylinus Haliday, was introduced onto the island as a biocontrol agent for the invasive plant Ulex europaeus in 1995, but its current status on the island is uncertain. A species of Aeolothrips present on the island has long been attributed to A. fasciatus (L.), but its specific identity has never been confirmed. Helenothrips tinctus zur Strassen, once regarded as a St Helena endemic species, is indicated to be itself an introduction, from South Africa.

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18

De Grave, Sammy, Judith Brown, Peter Wirtz, and Arthur Anker. "On a collection of caridean shrimps (Decapoda, Caridea) from St. Helena, south-central Atlantic, with further records from Ascension Island." Crustaceana 92, no. 7 (July 26, 2019): 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003909.

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Abstract We report on a recent collection of caridean shrimps from St. Helena in the south-central Atlantic Ocean, raising the total number of species known from the island to 24. Six species are newly recorded for the area, with no endemic species present. Additional three species are recorded from Ascension Island. A close biogeographical connection between the caridean faunas of St. Helena and Ascension Island is evident.

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19

Cronk, Q. C. B. "A new species and hybrid in the St Helena endemic genus Trochetiopsis." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 52, no. 2 (July 1995): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600000962.

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The discovery in historic herbaria of an overlooked extinct endemic from the island of St Helena is reported. The first descriptions of St Helena Ebony, Trochetiopsis melanoxylon (Sterculiaceae), and the specimens associated with them in the herbaria of Oxford University (OXF) and the Natural History Museum, London (BM), do not match living and later-collected material, and instead represent an extinct plant. A new name is therefore needed for living St Helena Ebony: Trochetiopsis ebenus Cronk sp. nov. The hybrid between this species and the related T. erythroxylon is also described here: Trochetiopsis × benjamini Cronk hybr. nov. (Sterculiaceae), and chromosome counts of 2n = 40 are reported for the hybrid and both parents for the first time. The re-assessment of the extinct ebony emphasizes the importance of historic herbarium collections for the study of species extinction.

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20

Musson, R. M. W., and D. N. Holt. "Napoleon's Earthquake: The Seismicity of St. Helena." Seismological Research Letters 72, no. 6 (November 1, 2001): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.6.712.

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21

Cartwright, David E., Philip L. Woodworth, and Richard D. Ray. "Manuel Johnson's tide record at St. Helena." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 8, no. 1 (March 27, 2017): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-8-9-2017.

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Abstract. The astronomer Manuel Johnson, a future President of the Royal Astronomical Society, recorded the ocean tides with his own instrument at St. Helena in 1826–1827, while waiting for an observatory to be built. It is an important record in the history of tidal science, as the only previous measurements at St. Helena had been those made by Nevil Maskelyne in 1761, and there were to be no other systematic measurements until the late 20th century. Johnson's tide gauge, of a curious but unique design, recorded efficiently the height of every tidal high and low water for at least 13 months, in spite of requiring frequent re-setting. These heights compare very reasonably with a modern tidal synthesis based on present-day tide gauge measurements from the same site. Johnson's method of timing is unknown, but his calculations of lunar phases suggest that his tidal measurements were recorded in Local Apparent Time. Unfortunately, the recorded times are found to be seriously and variably lagged by many minutes. Johnson's data have never been fully published, but his manuscripts have been safely archived and are available for inspection at Cambridge University. His data have been converted to computer files as part of this study for the benefit of future researchers.

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22

ZEUNER, F. E. "A SUBFOSSIL GIANT DERMAPTERON FROM ST. HELENA." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 138, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05337.x.

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23

Ashmole, X. P. "THE EXTINCT AVIFAUNA OF ST. HELENA ISLAND." Ibis 103b, no. 3 (June 28, 2008): 390–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1963.tb06762.x.

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24

HARRIS, W. VICTOR. "A NOTE ON TERMITES FROM ST. HELENA." Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General Entomology 28, no. 1-3 (April 2, 2009): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1953.tb00720.x.

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25

Pedgley, D. E. "A rare hail shower in St. Helena." Weather 56, no. 11 (November 2001): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.2001.tb06518.x.

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26

APTROOT, ANDRÉ. "Lichens of St Helena and Ascension Island." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 158, no. 1 (September 2008): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00797.x.

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27

Chaffey, D. J., R. A. Cliff, and B. M. Wilson. "Characterization of the St Helena magma source." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 42, no. 1 (1989): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.16.

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28

ROUX, JACOBUS† P. "The fern genus Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) in Ascension and Saint Helena islands, Atlantic Ocean." Phytotaxa 118, no. 2 (July 29, 2013): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.118.2.3.

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The fern genus Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) in the isolated Atlantic Ocean islands, Ascension and St Helena isreviewed. Three species are known from these islands. Dryopteris ascensionis is endemic to and the only Dryopterisspecies known from Ascension Island. This species now appears to be extinct since has not been recorded since 1975,and was not found during repeated searches in the 1990s. Two Dryopteris species, D. cognata and D. napoleonis, areendemic to St. Helena and are rare on that island. Dryopteris napoleonis is lectotypified.

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29

Gavrilovic, Zaga. "New observations on the miniature of the vision of Saint Gregory of Nazianzus in Paris. GR. 510." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 44 (2007): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0744067g.

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The article deals with the iconography of the illustration of the Second Paschal Homily of St. Gregory of Nazianzus on fol. 285r of the Paris manuscript. It questions the identity of the woman saint represented on the right of St. Paraskeve in the lower register of the scene. Unlike that above St. Paraskeve, the inscription identifying this second woman saint is fragmentary and difficult to read, but it has been widely accepted that she is Saint Helena, mother of the Emperor Constantine the Great. On the basis of two other representations of Helena in the same manuscript and of the style of the inscription accompanying them, as well as taking into account the importance of the theological meaning expounded by St. Gregory in his oration, it is suggested that the second woman saint may be St. Kyriake.

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30

Brady, Tony James. "“Raw, free”, and “almost rude”: educating warders’ children on St Helena Penal Establishment." History of Education Review 45, no. 1 (June 6, 2016): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-03-2014-0021.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the education of children at St Helena Penal Establishment in Queensland and the trials faced by the educators that delivered their formal schooling. The paper will add to the growing research into the prison island and will provide an insight into a unique facet of education in the newly established Australian State of Queensland. Design/methodology/approach – The historical analysis draws on original documents and published works to chronicle the provision of education to the children of warders at the St Helena Penal Establishment. Findings – The establishment of the Department of Public Instruction and the introduction of the State Education Act of 1875 were intended to provide Queensland children from 6 to 12 years of age with free, compulsory, and secular primary education. The full implementation of the Act took until 1900, and in the process, initiatives like St Helena State School No. 12, through issues of administrative control, saw teachers excluded from the Department of Public Instruction in order to include schoolchildren under the auspices of the same department. Research limitations/implications – The research paper is an initial investigation into the subject and limited by the paucity of primary data available on the topic. Originality/value – The case study adds to the growing literature on other aspects of the prison at St Helena, Queensland and adds to knowledge of life on the island. Furthermore, the aspects of control over staff on the island and the requirement for the teachers to double as guards, ready to take up arms in defence of the prison, provides new insights into the obligations placed on some early educators.

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31

Duffey, Eric. "St Helena and Ascension Island: a Natural History." Biological Conservation 103, no. 1 (January 2002): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00132-x.

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32

Lewis, Colin A., Paula J. Reimer, and Ron W. Reimer. "Marine Reservoir Corrections: St. Helena, South Atlantic Ocean." Radiocarbon 50, no. 2 (2008): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200033579.

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We present the first marine reservoir age and δR determination for the island of St. Helena using marine mollusk radiocarbon dates obtained from an historical context of known age. This represents the first marine reservoir age and δR determination in the southern Atlantic Ocean within thousands of kilometers of the island. The depletion of 14C in the shells indicates a rather larger reservoir age for that portion of the surface Atlantic than models indicate. The implication is that upwelling old water along the Namibian coast is transported for a considerable distance, although it is likely to be variable on a decadal timescale. An artilleryman's button, together with other artifacts found in a midden, demonstrate association of the mollusk shells with a narrow historic period of AD 1815-1835.

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33

SCHULENBURG, ALEXANDER HUGO. "PHILIP GOSSE AND THE DISCOVERY OF ST HELENA." Notes and Queries 45, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 476–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/45.4.476.

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34

Cronk, Q. C. B. "The Past and Present Vegetation of St Helena." Journal of Biogeography 16, no. 1 (January 1989): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845310.

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35

Oliver, Bette Wyn. "Napoleon and Doctor Verling on St. Helena (review)." Libraries & the Cultural Record 42, no. 1 (2007): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lac.2007.0015.

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36

Arenberger, Ernst, Annalea M. Beard, and Timm Karisch. "A new Agdistis from St. Helena Island (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 66, no. 2 (December 20, 2016): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.66.2.325-328.

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Agdistis cambriana spec. nov. wird als neue Art beschrieben, Imago und Genitale werden abgebildet.StichwörterSt. Helena, fauna, Pterophoridae, Agdistis cambriana spec. nov.Nomenklatorische Handlungencambriana Arenberger, Karisch & Beard, 2016 (Agdistis), spec. nov.

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37

Collins, Timothy L., Jeremy J. Bruhl, Alexander N. Schmidt-Lebuhn, Ian R. H. Telford, and Rose L. Andrew. "Tracing the origins of hybrids through history: monstrous cultivars and Napoléon Bonaparte’s exiled paper daisies (Asteraceae; Gnaphalieae)." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 197, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boab020.

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Abstract Golden everlasting paper daisies (Xerochrysum, Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) were some of the earliest Australian native plants to be cultivated in Europe. Reputedly a favourite of Napoléon Bonaparte and Empress Joséphine, X. bracteatum is thought to have been introduced to the island of St Helena in the South Atlantic during Napoléon’s exile there. Colourful cultivars were developed in the 1850s, and there is a widely held view that these were produced by crossing Xerochrysum with African or Asian Helichrysum spp. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses and subtribal classification of Gnaphalieae cast doubt on this idea. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we looked for evidence of gene flow between modern cultivars, naturalized paper daisies from St Helena and four Xerochrysum spp. recorded in Europe in the 1800s. There was strong support for gene flow between cultivars and X. macranthum. Paper daisies from St Helena were genotypically congruent with X. bracteatum and showed no indications of ancestry from other species or from the cultivars, consistent with the continuous occurrence of naturalized paper daisies introduced by Joséphine and Napoléon. We also present new evidence for the origin of colourful Xerochrysum cultivars and hybridization of congeners in Europe from Australian collections.

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Tomko, Helena M. "A Good Laugh Is Hard to Find: From Destructive Satire to Sacramental Humor in Evelyn Waugh’s Helena." Christianity & Literature 67, no. 2 (February 18, 2018): 312–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148333117746171.

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Despite Evelyn Waugh’s conviction that Helena (1950) was his greatest work, the novel receives less critical attention than his well-known interwar satires and his postwar hit, Brideshead Revisited (1945). This article argues that the novel accomplishes Waugh’s self-conscious postwar effort to rehouse his satiric impulses in a mode that resists both the “dark” laughter of modernism and the sentimentality risked in mid-century Catholic fiction. With metafictive attention to genre and style, Helena exemplifies what this article terms “sacramental humor.” Waugh’s fictionalized St. Helena embodies the contrast between satire that seeks to correct or destroy and humor that seeks to heal.

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McCULLOCH, NEIL. "Recent decline of the St Helena Wirebird Charadrius sanctaehelenae." Bird Conservation International 19, no. 1 (March 2009): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927090800751x.

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SummaryThe Wirebird Charadrius sanctaehelenae, a plover, is the only surviving bird species endemic to the South Atlantic Island of St Helena. The species is currently dependent on habitats that are wholly anthropogenic or extensively modified by human activity. A census carried out during 2005–2006 showed that the Wirebird has undergone a decline of more than 40% over a five-year period to a total of 235 individuals. The species now qualifies for re-classification as ‘Critically Endangered’. Vegetation surveys support the results of a previous study in suggesting that the decline may be associated with degradation of the Wirebird's favoured grassland habitat due to reduction of livestock numbers. Predation by introduced mammals and birds is also likely to be a factor but this remains unquantified. The Wirebird may face additional threats to its habitat in the future unless potential tourism-related development associated with the proposed construction of an airport on the island is closely regulated.

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Lewis, Colin A., Paula J. Reimer, Ron W. Reimer, and Ian Bruce. "Erratum: Marine Reservoir Corrections: St. Helena, South Atlantic Ocean." Radiocarbon 50, no. 3 (2008): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220005356x.

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41

Jamieson, Alan G. "Book Review: RMS St. Helena and the Atlantic Islands." International Journal of Maritime History 18, no. 2 (December 2006): 527–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387140601800253.

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42

Cross, A. B. "The 1945 St Helena Poliomyelitis Epidemic after 40 Years." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 82, no. 6 (June 1989): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688908200608.

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Twenty-six of the 28 patients known to have been paralysed by poliomyelitis on St Helena over 40 years ago were traced. All had led fulfilled lives. Nine had since died but no deaths were attributable to the disease. The satisfactory outcome of these people's lives was due to a combination of factors. Initially early diagnosis and immediate appropriate treatment minimized contracture formation. Early intensive rehabilitation and return of the patient in an upright and ambulant position to a caring community established the pattern of their future lives. The later lack of surveillance resulted in six of the patients reverting to crawling and only two still using their calipers. In remote and poor areas appliances where possible should be made and maintained locally.

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Wetmore, Alexander. "AN EXTINCT RAIL FROM THE ISLAND OF ST. HELENA." Ibis 103b, no. 3 (June 28, 2008): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1963.tb06760.x.

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Cunningham, J. T. "On the Marine Fishes and Invertebrates of St. Helena." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 80, no. 1 (August 21, 2009): 86–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb01886.x.

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45

Cronk, Q. C. B. "The decline of the St Helena ebony Trochetiopsis melanoxylon." Biological Conservation 35, no. 2 (1986): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(86)90048-0.

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Cronk, Q. C. B. "The decline of the St Helena gumwood Commidendrum robustum." Biological Conservation 35, no. 2 (1986): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(86)90049-2.

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47

Rowlands, Beau W., and Trevor Trueman. "First Atlantic Murphy's Petrel, Pterodoma ultima, at St Helena." Bulletin of the African Bird Club 6, no. 1 (March 1999): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.309564.

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CRONK, Q. C. B. "The history of the endemic flora of St Helena: late Miocene:'Trochetiopsis-like' pollen from St Helena and the origin of Trochetiopsis." New Phytologist 114, no. 1 (January 1990): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00386.x.

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49

Lovemore, Tessa, Hazel Flores, and Tony Charlton. "Rates of Problem Behaviour among Preschoolers Attending Nursery Classes in St. Helena, South Atlantic." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3 (December 1995): 817–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3.817.

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The Preschool Behaviour Checklist was used to assess rates of problem behaviour among 59 preschoolers on St. Helena. The prevalence rate (6.8%) and mean scores obtained are among the lowest found world-wide for similarly aged children.

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Arenberger, Ernst, Annalea M. Beard, Ivar Hasenfuss, and Timm Karisch. "Agdistis marionae sp. n., a new Pterophoridae from St. Helena (Lepidoptera)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 62, no. 2 (December 20, 2012): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.62.2.447-457.

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Agdistis marionae sp. n. wird als neue Art beschrieben. Ihre Imago und Genitalien werden abgebildet. Die Chaetotaxie des Larvalstadiums wird durchgeführt und bildhaft dargestellt.StichwörterTropical Region, Fauna of St. Helena, Pterophoridae, Agdistis marionae sp. n.Nomenklatorische Handlungenmarionae Arenberger, Beard, Hasenfuss & Karisch, 2012 (Agdistis), spec. nov.

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