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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'At (The English word)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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1

Ladner, Jocelyn B. Neuleib Janice. "Performing the word, transforming the word, writing the word alternative teaching strategies for freshman composition /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3172879.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2004.
Title from title page screen, viewedNovember 17, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Janice Neuleib (chair) , Patricia A. Dunn, Nancy Tolson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-126) and abstract. Also available in print.
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2

Salkinder, Mia Anna. "The poetry of Ruth Miller : the Word and her words." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13936.

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Bibliography: leaves 65-66.
This dissertation analyses a selection of Ruth Miller's poetry collected in Floating Island (1965), Selected Poems (1968) and previously uncollected poems included in the posthumous collection, Ruth Miller: Poems, Prose, Plays (1990) edited by Lionel Abrahams. It extends and argues against the most recent readings of Ruth Miller proposed by Joan Metelerkamp (1991 and 1992). Metelerkamp suggests that previous criticisms of Miller, focusing exclusively on her modernist intent, ignore Miller's role as a woman living in a society dominated by patriarchal authority; an authority that is informed by the Judeo-Christian tradition. This dissertation extends Metelerkamp's observation, showing how the existential crisis that is made manifest in Miller's poetry is generated by both her compliance with and denial of this patriarchal Judeo-Christian meaning-making system. It also registers a changing development in Miller 's poetic trajectory from her earlier to her later poems. Metelerkamp's criticism of Miller's poetry has not recorded this development, allowing for the overall pronouncement that her poetry registers only loss and shows no conscious signs of negotiating the patriarchal system in which she is entrapped. In contrast, the conclusion of this dissertation points to elements in Miller's later poetry that suggest the development of Miller's voice as well as indicating Miller's recognition of her own compliance and desire to break with patriarchal authority.
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3

Rosta, Andrew. "English syntax and word grammar theory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288690.

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4

Collins, Michael Xavier. "Cognitive Perspectives On English Word Order." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343315752.

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5

Wren, Sebastian Andrew. "An examination of the word-frequency effect in word recognition : controlling the confound of word recency /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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6

Tani, Akinobu. "Word pairs in late Middle English prose." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3323/.

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Word Pairs in Late Middle English Prose investigates the use of word pairs (WPs) occurring in various English prose texts in the late Middle English period, i.e. in the fourteenth- and fifteenth-centuries. The research question addressed is a stylistic one: is there a relationship between the use of WPs and the genres of these texts? Characteristics of WPs investigated in the study include (1) the normalized frequency of WPs, (2) the etymological makeup of WPs and (3) repetition of WPs. First, the analysis of WPs in all Chaucer’s prose texts is conducted in comparison with two controls as a preliminary study to examine the different uses of WPs in each prose text and the relationship between these texts in terms of the use of WPs, and to check the validity of the methodology used in the analysis of late medieval English prose. After having ascertained the validity of the methodology, the analyses of WPs follow in a range of other texts with a wider circulation: the Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ, Trevisa’s On the Properties of Things, the Brut or the Chronicles of England, English Wycliffite Sermons, the History of Reynard the Fox, Paris and Vienne, the Works of Sir Thomas Malory, Fortescue’s the Governance of England. Next, the analyses of WPs follow in texts with a more limited audience in mind such as An Anthology of Chancery English, and Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. Through the analysis of the WPs in these texts, the characteristics of WPs in each text are identified. Then characteristics in what are thought to be similar texts are compared. Statistical methods such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis are then applied to the WP data to investigate and demonstrate generic and stylistic relationships. The results of the study point to a contrast between curial style and traditional native style based on speech, the difference between which can be characterized as the abundance or dearth of WPs and the different ratio of Old French (OF)+OF vs. Old English (OE)+OE types of WPs, respectively. Certain characteristics peculiar to individual prose texts are also revealed. Lastly, the reasons for the use of WPs in different texts are considered. This study reveals the complex use of WPs in different texts, and offers a study of the subject which is more nuanced and delicate than has been previously achieved.
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Cox, Cynthia Gail. "Bilingual word detectives transferability of word decoding skills for Spanish/English bilingual students /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1457293.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Nov. 10, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 188-193).
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8

Heung, Lok-yi, and 香樂怡. "Loan word compression in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007573.

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9

Piao, Scott. "Sentence and word alignment between Chinese and English." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/52143/.

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10

Okobi, Anthony O. (Anthony Obiesie) 1976. "Acoustic correlates of word stress in American English." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37963.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-126).
Acoustic parameters that differentiate between primary stress and non-primary full vowels were determined using two-syllable real and novel words and specially constructed novel words with identical syllable compositions. The location of the high focal pitch accent within a declarative carrier phrase was varied using an innovative object naming task that allowed for a natural and spontaneous manipulation of phrase-level accentuation. Results from male native speakers of American English show that when the high focal pitch accent was on the novel word, vowel differences in pitch, intensity prominence, and amplitude of the first harmonic, H1 * (corrected for the effect of the vocal tract filter), accurately distinguished full vowel syllables carrying primary stress vs. non-primary stress. Acoustic parameters that correlated to word stress under all conditions tested were syllable duration, HI*-A3*, as a measurement of spectral tilt, and noise at high frequencies, determined by band-pass filtering the F3 region of the spectrum. Furthermore, the results indicate that word stress cues are augmented when the high focal pitch accent is on the target word.
(cont.) This became apparent after a formula was devised to correct for the masking effect of phrase-level accentuation on the spectral tilt measurement, Hi *-A3*. Perceptual experiments also show that male native speakers of American English utilized differences in syllable duration and spectral tilt, as controlled by the KLSYN88 parameters DU and TL, to assign prominence status to the syllables of a novel word embedded in a carrier phrase. Results from this study suggest that some correlates to word stress are produced in the laryngeal region and are due to vocal fold configuration. The model of word stress that emerges from this study has aspects that differ from other widely accepted models of prosody at the word level. The model can also be applied to improve the prosody of synthesized speech, as well as to improve machine recognition of speech.
by Anthony O. Okobi.
Ph.D.
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11

Kwok, Rosa Kit Wan. "Orthographic and phonological processing in English word learning." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7403/.

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This thesis investigates the process of orthographic and phonological word learning in adults. Speed of reading aloud is used as the main measure, specifically the reduction in naming reaction times (RTs) to short and long novel words through repetition and the convergence of RTs to short and long items. The first study (Chapter 2) fully described this fundamental learning paradigm and it is then used to compare various types of training in different groups of readers in the following chapters. Second, the role of phonology in visual word learning was investigated in Chapter 3. Novel words that received the training of both orthography and phonology (reading aloud condition) was found to be more efficient and effective compared to solely training the phonology of the novel words (hear-and-repeat with and without distractors). Yet, all three experiments in Chapter 3 also showed that the establishment of a phonological representation of a novel word can be sufficient of result in representations in the mental lexicon even without any encounter with the orthographic form of the novel word. Linear mixed effect modelling also found that literacy and phonological awareness made a significant contribution to nonwords naming speed when vocabulary and rapid digit naming were taken into account. Expressive vocabulary was found to be a significant predictor of the change in naming speed across the learning session when the effects of literacy, phonological awareness were controlled. Third, Chapter 4 then involved the repeated presentation of interleaved high-frequency words, low-frequency words and nonwords to native speakers of English in two testing sessions 28 days apart. Theoretical interest lies in the relative effects of length on naming latencies for high-frequency words, low-frequency words and nonwords, the extent to which those latencies (RTs) converge for shorter and longer words and nonwords, and the persistence of training/repetition effects over a 28-day retention interval. Finally, Chapters 5 and 6 try to bring these theories in a more applied context to understand orthographic word learning in adults with dyslexia and in bilingual speakers.
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12

Sheppard, Samantha. "NATIVE SPEAKERS' REALIZATIONS OF WORD-INITIAL FRICATIVE + CONSONANT CLUSTERS IN ENGLISH NON-WORDS." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1448.

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This study examines the role of voiceless and voiced fricatives as the first consonant in word-initial true consonant clusters and adjunct clusters. Specifically, this study sought evidence to determine whether the lack of voiced fricatives, such as /z/ and /v/, in English word-initial true and adjunct clusters is due to an active ban or an accidental gap in the language's phonotactics. This study also looked into whether the voiceless alveolar fricative /s/ is the only fricative that can play the role of adjunct segment in word-initial adjunct clusters, or whether other fricatives, such as the voiced alveolar fricative /z/, or the voiceless and voiced labiodental fricatives /f/ and /v/ could also be adjunct segments in word-initial adjunct clusters. Fourteen native English speakers were asked to pronounce a list of non-words containing word-initial clusters with /s/, /f/, /z/, and /v/ as the first consonant and /r/, /l/, /n/, /k/, and /g/ as the second consonant. The clusters were chosen to represent different voicing statuses and places of articulation for the first consonant in the cluster, in addition to differing sonority distances between the first consonant and the second consonant of the word-initial cluster. The native English speaker productions were recorded and acoustically analyzed in order to determine the exact pronunciations each speaker used for each target cluster. The results were then statistically analyzed to reveal patterns. Results showed that the lack of voiced fricatives as the first consonant in word-initial position of true clusters in English is due to an accidental gap, due to the relatively numerous correct productions of such clusters. The the lack of voiced fricatives as the first consonant in word-initial position of adjunct clusters in English, however, is due to an active ban, due to the difficulty that the native English speakers had in correctly producing such clusters. This study also concluded that while /s/ is the only adjunct segment in English, /f/ could also play that role.
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13

Matchim, Joan Oldford. "The effects of contextual cues and word frequency on word recognition /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487261919113531.

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14

Keating, Geraldine Corriene. "The effects of word characteristics on children's reading." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1987. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/3138/.

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The object of the research reported in this thesis was to investigate the effects of word characteristics on children's reading performance. The experiments investigating word imagery and age of acquisition showed that imagery was a highly significant word characteristic for less skilled readers. There was an age of acquisition effect which was inversely correlated with reading ability. Probabilistic measures of orthographic regularity (such as Initial Bigram Frequency and Versatility and First Order approximation to English) were shown to be significant predictors of reading for good and poor readers and lexical decision performance for average readers. It also appeared that as reading ability improved, word properties such as the Orthographic Neighbour Ratio, which takes into account neighourhood size and frequency affected reading accuracy in the good and average reader in the lexical decision task. Other measures of orthographic regularity-orthographic neighbourhood size and body type were also shown to affect reading accuracy although effects appeared less marked for skilled readers. The regularity effect was seen to be dependent upon hostility and frequency of word neighbours, and the frequency of the target word itself, rather than due to a regularity-irregularity dichotomy.
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15

Smartschan, Carl Ernest. "The effect of bilingual word lists on test scores of ESOL science students." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1989. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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16

Heung, Lok-yi. "Loan word compression in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36846260.

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17

Blekher, Marina. "Word-type effects in the lexical processing of Russian-English and French-English bilinguals." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ59935.pdf.

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18

Hong, Hyo-chang. "Discourse functions of Old English passive word order variation." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1259301.

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The purpose of this study was to determine discourse and functional motivation for passive word order variation as shown in three of the major Early Old English prose texts, Orosius, Pastoral Care, and Ecclesiastical History of the English People. The main variation of Early Old English passive word orders are of three types, which this study showed to be distinct in the extent to which passive subjects represent information structure. This study further shows that, while thematicity functions as a main motivating factor for the use of passives, positional variation of passive verbal elements is also an important determinant of the degrees of information structure of passive main clause subjects.
Department of English
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19

Pitrat, Adrien. "Interlexical effects of word frequency in English-French bilinguals." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ26937.pdf.

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20

Tucker, Benjamin Vardell. "Spoken Word Recognition of the Reduced American English Flap." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194987.

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Phonetic variation as found in various speech styles is a rich area for research on spoken word recognition. Research on spoken word recognition has focused on careful, easily controlled speech styles. This dissertation investigates the processing of the American English Flap. Specifically, it focuses on the effect of reduction on processing. The main question asked in this dissertation is whether listeners adjust their expectations for how segments are realized based on speech style. Even more broadly, how do listeners process or recognize reduced speech? Two specific questions are asked that address individual parts of the broad question. First, how does reduction affect listeners’ recognition of words? Is it more difficult for listeners to recognize words pronounced in reduced forms, or is it perhaps easier for listeners to recognize reduced forms? Second, do listeners adjust their expectations about reduction based on preceding speech style (context)? Four experiments were designed using the auditory lexical decision and crossmodal identity priming tasks. Listeners’ responses to reduced and unreduced flaps (e.g. unreduced [pʌɾl] as opposed to reduced [pʌɾl]) were recorded. The results of this work show that the phonetic variation found in speech styles containing reduction causes differences in processing. Processing of reduced speech is inhibited by weakened acoustic information or mismatch to the underlying phonemic representation in the American English flap. Listeners use information about speech style to process the widely varying acoustic reflections of a segment in connected speech. The implications of these findings for models of spoken word recognition are discussed.
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Pitrat, Adrien (Adrien Pierre Andre) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Interlexical effects of word frequency in English-French bilinguals." Ottawa, 1997.

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22

Précenth, Rasmus. "Word Embeddings and Gender Stereotypes in Swedish and English." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad matematik och statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382835.

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23

Winberg, Dan-Erik. "English Academic Word Knowledge in Tertiary Education in Sweden." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24981.

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The English language has established itself as the academic lingua franca of the world. For example, Swedish universities are mainly using English textbooks in their teaching. For students in tertiary education in Sweden, it is thus necessary to have an academic English vocabulary. This study examines the academic word knowledge of 148 students in different disciplines at a Swedish university. The method used was a vocabulary test. The test design was based on the Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT) and the words were chosen from the Academic Word List (AWL) due to their frequency in academic written texts. There was a rapid decline of the participants' word knowledge the less common the words were according to the AWL. The results indicate that Swedish students’ academic word knowledge in English is generally unsatisfactory, which could make the reading of academic texts troublesome for them.
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Ranbom, Larissa J. "Lexical representation of phonological variation in spoken word recognition." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1425750.

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Chen, Selma Shu-Mei. "The effects of L1 word order and English proficiency on non-English speakers' sentence processing." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720150.

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This study is a partial replication of Davison & Lutz's (1984) experiment. It was designed to test if L1 word order and English proficiency are involved in non-native speakers' sentence processing. This study concentrates on the roles of syntax and pragmatics/semantics in sentence processing. By comparing two corresponding syntactic structures with similar meanings but different forms in context, we can detect the different degrees of the salient property of a certain NP. The perception of the salient NP is related to the definition of the sentence topic, which functions as the link between the sentence and the discourse. The salient NP can be identified by applying our linguistic knowledge, syntactic rules, and our real world knowledge, pragmatic principles,. The choice of syntactic structure is conditioned heavily by pragmatic principles. It is believed that response times correspond to the degrees of salience.Sixty international students participated in the experiment. Stimulus sentences were presented with a computer program and response times were recorded in seconds by the computer automatically. A cloze test was given for the measuring of English proficiency.The data collected were analyzed with SPSS-X. The MANOVA was carried out to compare the differences between VO/OV language types, target sentences (transformed and untransformed ones), five types of syntactic constructions, and the interactions ofword order by target sentences, target sentences by syntactic constructions, and L1 word order by target sentences by syntactic constructions. The response times for English proficiency were used as a post hoc variable. Significance was set at .05.The results revealed that there was a significant difference across five syntactic constructions (p < .05). The other tests were not significant. Two important limitations on this study are problems arising out of randomization parameters in the experiment, and the lack of lower level English proficiency subjects.
Department of English
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Whiteley, Helen Elizabeth. "The activation of multiletter units in visual word recognition." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1993. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20101/.

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Influential accounts of visual word recognition argue that lexical access is entirely mediated via preliminary letter identification processcs(McClelland and Rumelhart, 1981; Seidenberg, 1987). Others advocate a role for visual features characterising the whole word (Haber and Haber, 1981). A third view holds that lexical access is, at least in part, mediated by sublexical units which are recovered by the action of a parsing mechanism operating on identified letter codes through the application of specific rules (e.g., Spoehr and Smith, 1973). Recent work by Alice Healy and her colleagues supports a multi-level view of word recognition incorporating representations not only at the letter and whole word levels, but also at an intermediate level where multiletter units can be activated directly by supraletter features (e.g., Healy and Drewnowski, 1983). The concept of an intermediate level of representation in visual word recognition remains controversial. A priming paradigm was employed to investigate the existence of directly activated multiletter units. Subjects were required to make a discrimination response to test stimuli which could be either targets or foils. Targets were either single-letters or consonant-bigrarns which were present or absent in an immediately preceding word, and foils were either single keyboard characters or a character plus a letter. Experiment I verified an earlier finding that responses to consonant-bigram targets are facilitated when these appear in a prime word, while responses to the constituent letters of those bigrams are not facilitated (Greenberg and Vellutino, 1988). In addition, responses to primed bigrain targets were faster than responses to primed single letter targets. Experiments 2 to 4 revealed that the bigram priming effect occurs only when both primes and targets appear in lower-case type. These observations provide evidence for the existence of directly activated multiletter units. Subsequent experiments supplied converging evidence for the importance of supraletter visual features in the activation of multiletter units and strengthened the view that the multiletter unit effects observed arise at a pre-lexical stage of processing when words are being processed to a level of meaning. Implications for theories of reading are discussed, and related developmental issues are considered.
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Aertsen, H. "Play in Middle English : a contribution to word field theory /." Amsterdam : Free University Press, 1987. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/33043.

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Yeon, Sang-Hee. "Teaching English word-final alveolopalatals to native speakers of Korean." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006465.

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Moore, Daniel Hight. "The perception of english word-final /L/ by brazilian learners." Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/91237.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente.
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T20:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 256325.pdf: 2387514 bytes, checksum: efb37473dcfaa51e1f8e8a9d57ccc035 (MD5)
Very little research exists on Brazilians concerning English word-final /l/ beyond noting that they generally produce [u] (Baptista, 2001) or [w] (Avery & Ehrlich, 1992). Perception of this word-final consonant is also little researched. To attempt to address these gaps in the literature, this study investigated Brazilian ESL students' perception of English word-final /l/ (dark /l/). Two groups of 20 Brazilian learners of English (intermediate and advanced) and one group of native speakers of English participated in the experiment. Three pairs of tests - two Categorial Discrimination Tests, two discrimination tasks, and two identification tests - examined perception of word-final /l/. The first test of each pair assessed word-final contrasts in both Portuguese and English; the second examined English-only contrasts. All results were analyzed by overall error rate, error rate per vowel context and error rate per test. Demographic data and total error rate were explored for correlations. No significant differences were found between the two groups of Brazilian students. Only for the vowel contexts /o/ and /?/ did native speakers perform significantly better than Brazilians. Native and non-native error rates were very low for vowel contexts /a?/ and /e?/ and quite high for /a?/. Há pouca pesquisa com brasileiros a respeito da pronúncia do /l/ final de palavras inglesas, além da observação de que geralmente é produzido como [u] (Baptista, 2001) ou [w] (Avery & Ehrlich, 1992). A percepção dessa consoante também é pouco pesquisada. Para tentar preencher essas lacunas na literatura, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a percepção do /l/ no final de palavras inglesas ("dark /l/") por brasileiros estudantes de inglês como língua estrangeira. Dois grupos de 20 estudantes brasileiros de inglês (dos níveis intermediário e avançado) e um grupo de falantes nativos de inglês participaram neste experimento. Três pares de testes - dois Testes de Discriminação Categórica, dois Testes de Discriminação, e dois Testes de Identificação - aferiram a percepção do /l/ no final de palavras. O primeiro teste de cada par examinou contrastes finais em palavras do português brasileiro e do inglês; o segundo examinou contrastes somente em palavras inglesas. Os resultados foram abalizados por índice de erro global, de erro por vogal, e de erro por teste. Dados demográficos e índice de erro global foram explorados para investigar correlações. Nenhuma diferença significante foi encontrada entre os grupos de brasileiros. O menor índice de erro do resultado dos falantes nativos de inglês foi estatisticamente significativo somente nos contextos de /o/ e /?/. O índice de erro de todos os grupos foi muito baixo nos contextos de /a?/ e /e?/ e muito alto em /a?/.
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Cohen, Shai. "On the semantics of too and only distinctness and subsumption /." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3379949/.

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Ingram, Catherine. "Word and Song: The Paradox of Romanticism." TopSCHOLAR®, 1996. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/805.

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Among the various outcomes of the Romantic period, an interest in the relationship of the arts remains a widely recognized yet rarely examined field of study. Music and literature seemed to develop a particular kinship, yet to identify the exact relationship is as difficult as defining Romanticism itself. In this study, I attempt to do both. In exploring the concept of Romanticism, its paradoxical development from Classicism is examined through the comparison of six great composers and poets of the period. By tracing the similarities and differences in style of Beethoven/Wordsworth, Schumann/Keats, and Brahms/Tennyson, hopefully a clearer understanding of the evolution of Romanticism is achieved. These artists, although creating through different mediums, address the apparent rejection of Neoclassicism, the apex of Romanticism, and the realization of its limitations. The result is the revelation of the paradox of Romanticism. For each artist, the realization of the Romantic spirit presents contrasts. Ultimately, the rejection of Neoclassic thought becomes as important to Romanticism as its dependence on Neoclassic form. These six artists achieved success not only because of their talents but also because of their acknowledgement of this fact. In this study, I trace their development through the rise and fall of Romanticism as more than instances of shared techniques or borrowed texts; the similarities in thought, poetic vision, and style shared by these artists are explored as well. The paradox of Romanticism is revealed through the interrelationship of poetry and music.
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Wen, Yun. "Behavioural and electrophysiological investigations of Chinese translation activation during English word recognition in Chinese-English bilinguals." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43208/.

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Bilinguals have the unique ability to translate words between their languages. Although translation is a seemingly deliberate and conscious process, recent research has shown that first language (L1) translation equivalents can be automatically and quickly activated during second language (L2) word reading. Automatic translation activation strongly supports the idea of non-selective lexical access. This thesis investigates L1 (Chinese) translation activation during L2 (English) word reading in Chinese-English bilinguals, mainly through using the hidden translation repetition paradigm. In a series of behavioural and electrophysiological experiments using carefully selected stimuli, English words were subliminally or visibly presented to Chinese-English bilinguals in an attempt to seek the source of automatic translation activation (phonology: segment and/or tone, and/or orthography) and to explore to what extent translation activation is automatic. In contrast to previous studies, the behavioural investigations revealed that automatic translation only occurs for target words, which were visible to bilinguals, but not for the invisible masked primes. In addition, in the electrophysiological study, the event-related brain potentials and event-related brain oscillations provided evidence for the dominant role of Chinese segmental (consonants and vowels) activation during English word reading. Possible interpretations for these new findings are provided. Theoretical and methodological implications of the present thesis are also discussed.
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Vo, Phuong Vi. "A Comparison of Picture to Word Training and Word to Word Training on Native English Speaking College Students’ Acquisition of Italian Vocabulary." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407810/.

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The current study assessed the effects of two teaching stimulus presentations, i.e. picture to word and word to word, used to teach second language vocabulary to college students. It also evaluated the emergence of untaught relations when picture to word and word to word were used separately as a teaching strategy. The findings showed picture to word training resulted in more untaught relations. Several aspects such time allotted for online quizzes, experimental and teaching arrangements and vocabulary complexity were suggested for future research.
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Tse, Ping-ping. "Homophone effects in Cantonese-English bilinguals." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203840.

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35

Glutz, von Blotzheim-Maier Barbara. "Angst und Schreckangst im Neuenglischen /." Bern : Francke, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34897649v.

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36

Rothman, Jenny. "Word Associations : Investigating Links between Words in the Mental Lexicon of Second Language Learners of English." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Teacher Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-1004.

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37

TOYAMA, Katsuhiko, Kazuhiro IMAI, and Yasuhiro OGAWA. "APPLICATION OF WORD ALIGNMENT FOR SUPPORTING ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF JAPANESE STATUTES." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10410.

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38

Holmberg, Anders. "Word order and syntactic features in the Scandinavian languages and English /." Stockholm : Dept. of General Linguistics, University of Stockholm, 1986. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/33078.

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39

DeVito, Angela Ann. "Gendered speech in Old English narrative poetry: A comprehensive word list." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280305.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to create a word list of male and female speech in those Old English narrative poems which contain dialogue, to use as a reference in determining what, if any, differences existed between the way male Anglo-Saxon poets constructed speech for their male and female characters. Using a specifically designed computer program and an on-line text of the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, I electronically tagged those lines assigned to male characters, and then those assigned to female speakers, to generate two separate word lists. I eliminated all immortal speech (God, angels, demons), and all proper nouns as not germane to a study of male and female speech patterns. After I created the raw word lists, I parsed each individual word, and placed it under the appropriate headword. I further classified nouns, adjectives and pronouns according to case and number, and verbs according to person, number, tense and mood. In addition to the word lists, the dissertation includes a critical introduction, and a brief analysis of differences between male and female speech patterns in selected poems.
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40

Vougiouklis, Penelope Kambakis. "The accuracy and confidence of Greek learners guessing English word meanings." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334662.

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41

Bushong, Robert W. II. "The academic word list reorganized for Spanish-speaking English language learners." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4660.

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Published in TESOL Quarterly a decade ago, the Academic Word List (AWL) (Coxhead, 2000) has become increasingly influential in the field of TESOL. With more than 82% of the AWL comprised of words of Latin and Greek, much of this important list logically consists of English-Spanish cognates because Spanish originated from Latin. In order to serve Spanish-speaking English language learners (SSELLs) better, their teachers need to know which AWL words are cognates. Using published sources and linguistic analysis of the 570 items in the AWL, the research in this thesis has resulted in a newly reorganized AWL divided into four categories that are more useful for our Spanish-speaking English language learners as well as their instructors, curriculum designers, and materials writers: English-Spanish true cognates, partial cognates, false cognates, and non-cognates.
ID: 029050607; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-116).
M.A.
Masters
Department of Modern Languages and Literatures
Arts and Humanities
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Polley, Kaylene Barrett. "Accuracy of English Speakers Administering Word Recognition Score Tests in Mandarin." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2224.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of English-speakers in determining the word recognition score of native Taiwan Mandarin-speakers. Digitally recorded Mandarin word lists were presented to 10 native Mandarin-speakers from Taiwan (five male, five female), from whom oral and written responses were collected. Oral responses were scored by 30 native English-speakers, 15 of which had no experience with Mandarin and 15 with two to three years of college-level Mandarin courses or equivalent knowledge of Mandarin. The judges who had experience with Mandarin were able to score the WRS tests with 97% accuracy (with scores ranging from 10% below to 4% above the actual score of the test). The judges without experience with Mandarin scored the WRS tests with 88.8% accuracy (with scores ranging from 34% below to 26% above the actual score of the test). An analysis of variance found that there was a significant difference between a judge's knowledge of Mandarin and his or her ability to accurately score the oral responses. An inspection of the performance of the judges in respect to the five different Mandarin tones indicated that there are some tone combinations that are more difficult to score correctly than others. While it is apparent that tone combination may play a role in the ability to accurately score WRS words in Mandarin, the implications of this for a clinical setting are uncertain because words with these tone combinations were not heard often. Tone perception training for the judges or simply making clinicians aware of this difficulty in tone identification may be of benefit in overcoming this obstacle.
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Maby, Mark. "An investigation of L2 English learners' knowledge of polysemous word senses." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/99799/.

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Polysemy is a challenge for L2 learners because it confounds the mapping of form to meaning. We can therefore consider learners' capacity to manage polysemous words as an indication of their L2 lexical and conceptual knowledge. To investigate what factors affect L2 learners' knowledge of polysemous meanings, a test was created in which Arabic learners of English judged whether various meanings of polysemous words were used acceptably in sentence-length contexts. Analysis of the results revealed that two key factors determined learner responses. First, learners were more likely to respond that a polysemous sense was acceptable if it was more frequently used in English. Second, learners were more likely to judge a polysemous sense as acceptable if was semantically closer to the core sense, such as when head is used in the test item, “I went to sleep early to have a clear head for the exam,” in contrast to this less closely related use, “The president sat at the head of the table.” Semantic similarity was further addressed through distractor items that were unacceptable to native English speakers but logically related to the core sense, such as this use of head, “I thought she was upset because she had a sad head,” in contrast to the illogical use, “Come through into the dining head.” Again, L2 learners generally judged the distractor items as more acceptable if the usage of the polysemous word was semantically related to the core sense. Further analysis revealed that learners with high scores on a receptive vocabulary size test were more likely to correctly reject distractor items; however, there was little indication that L1 form-meaning mappings affected perceptions of L2 polysemy. The implications of these findings for theories of lexical processing, and for the teaching of polysemous words in the classroom, are considered.
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Davies, Peredur Glyn Cwyfan. "Identifying word-order convergence in the speech of Welsh-English bilinguals." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/identifying-wordorder-convergence-in-the-speech-of-welshenglish-bilinguals(200be10a-4e1f-4b0f-ae56-f707bfce8556).html.

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This thesis presents a study of the speech of Welsh-English bilinguals to determine the extent and manner of the structural influence of English on Welsh, specifically the phenomenon of convergence, which is described as the increase in frequency of use of a construction (e.g. word order) in one language due to the prevalence of that construction in another language with which its speakers are in contact. I take two approaches to measure convergence, using Welsh-English conversational data which were specially collected for a 40 hour corpus. First, I adapt the Matrix Language Frame model (Myers-Scotton 2002), usable to identify the language from which clause morphosyntax is sourced, to identify convergence. I propose the concept of a dichotomous Matrix Language, which is where there is conflicting evidence for which language provides clause structure. In testing the model on speech from six speakers, I find that, with few exceptions, Welsh is the source of the structure in the majority of clauses analysed. I Interpret this to show that word-order convergence in these data is limited insofar as using the Matrix Language Frame model indicates. Second, I analyse the speech of 28 bilinguals for evidence of the deletion of the initial auxiliary verb in periphrastic constructions involving an auxiliary form of bod 'be' and a 2nd person singular pronominal subject ti. Auxiliary deletion (AD) in such clauses results in a clause-initial subject, which I compare to English SVO word-order. I find that AD in such contexts is very common in these data, and is also found in clauses with a different subject. Analysis of age variation in the data indicates that AD in Welsh has become more common in recent years. I propose that an increase to subject-initial clauses in Welsh may be a change in progress, which I interpret to be in part due to convergence to English.
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O'Reilly, Anna. "Word reading and picture naming : phonological encoding in English language production." Thesis, University of East London, 2013. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3962/.

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In Roelofs' (2004) form preparation study examining processes involved in both word reading and picture naming, he concluded that phonological encoding mechanisms might be shared for the two tasks. Importantly, in his earlier form preparation research Roelofs (1999) argued that phonemic features are not involved during phonological encoding and indeed, most current models of general language production such as Word-form Encoding by Activation and VERification (WEAVER, e.g., Roelofs, 1997a) account for the role of phonemic features once the phonological encoding process has been completed. However, whilst Kinoshita's (2000) re-interpretation of the locus of the masked onset priming effect (MOPE) implies an encoding process for word reading that is similar to that incorporated into WEAVER (e.g., Roelofs, 1997a) and by extension to picture naming, Lukatela, Eaton and Turvey‟s (2001) results suggest that features may well be involved in the word reading processes. The main purpose of the research undertaken within this thesis was to evaluate phonological encoding for both word reading and picture naming to assess the validity of Roelofs' (2004) claims. This was conducted with the employment of the masked priming paradigm as well as the masked sandwich priming paradigm and by the manipulation of phonemic feature overlap in both the initial and end/coda segment position of primes and monosyllabic targets. From the cumulative results of this research, the notion that encoding mechanisms might be shared between these two tasks could not be ruled out. Importantly, phonemic feature effects were consistently observed across both word reading (with lexical primes) and picture naming. Controversially, these particular findings suggest that conventional thinking is misguided to ignore the role of phonemic features during the phonological encoding process.
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46

Sampson, Salena. "Noun Phrase Word Order Variation in Old English Verse and Prose." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1285048799.

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47

Väyrynen, P. (Pertti). "Perspectives on the utility of linguistic knowledge in English word prediction." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951427850X.

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Abstract The problem addressed in the present thesis is the utility of linguistic knowledge in one domain of language technology, word prediction. An important characteristic of any practical language technology application is its level of performance, and it is therefore essential to be able to measure this quantitatively. The main questions in the present thesis are the following: (1) how can a significant improvement in performance be obtained in practical language technology products, and (2) what is the cost of improved performance in terms of the sources of linguistic knowledge that should be incorporated in them? On a more general level, the major findings suggest that the practical utility of linguistic knowledge in language technology should generally be evaluated from at least three larger perspectives: (1) language, (2) technology, and (3) the user of the application. From these three perspectives, a variety of constraints can be identified which either increase or decrease the usefulness of linguistic knowledge in practical language technology applications. A statistical state-of-the-art word prediction system was developed and tested in the empirical part of this work, and testing the performance of a few prediction methods that utilise sources of linguistic knowledge showed that they can perform just as well as some existing state-of-the-art statistical prediction methods. When the syllable-initial characters of the words to be predicted were used, for example, the expected length of the search key in a running text with a prediction list of ten tokens was only 1.59 characters, while the use of information on the parts of speech of the word tokens to be predicted in a system with five lists representing five parts of speech resulted only in a three percent improvement in performance. One of the practical implications of these results for the field of language technology is that a significant improvement in the performance of a word prediction system may be achieved only incrementally. The simultaneous use of several techniques may in turn dilute the real-time operation of the prediction system, so that it is unable to suggest candidate words quickly enough for the user. It can also affect some performance aspects such as the average percentage of keystrokes/characters saved
Abstrakti Tässä työssä tutkittiin lingvistisen tiedon hyödyllisyyttä kieliteknologian yhdellä sovellusalueella eli sanan ennakointia englannin kielessä. Sovellus pyrkii ennakoimaan sanan, jota käyttäjä kirjoittaa parhaillaan tai aikoo kirjoittaa seuraavaksi. Nämä sovellukset ovat hyödyllisiä esim. pienissä päätelaitteissa, joissa tekstin tuottaminen on hankalaa. Eräs kieliteknologiasovellusten tärkeimmistä ominaisuuksista on niiden tehokas toiminta ja suorituskyky, jonka tulisi olla kvantitatiivisesti mitattavissa. Oleellisin tutkimuskysymys on näin ollen: (1) miten käytännön kieliteknologiasovellusten suorituskykyä voidaan parantaa merkittävästi lingvistisen tiedon avulla ja (2) mitä tämä vaatii käytännössä? Yleisellä tasolla tutkimuksen tärkeimmät tulokset ovat seuraavat: lingvistisen tiedon käytännön hyödyllisyyttä pitäisi arvioida ainakin kolmesta näkökulmasta, jotka ovat: (1) kielen näkökulma, (2) teknologian näkökulma ja (3) sovelluksen käyttäjän näkökulma. Näiden kolmen näkökulman avulla voidaan määrittää joukko tekijöitä, jotka joko lisäävät tai vähentävät lingvistisen tiedon hyödyllisyyttä käytännön kieliteknologiasovelluksissa. Työn empiirisessä osassa kehitettiin tilastollinen sananennakointisovellus englannin kieleen hyödyntäen parhaiten toimivia ennakointitekniikoita yhdessä ja samassa järjestelmässä. Kehitetyssä järjestelmässä suorituskyky vastaa täysin aiempien järjestelmien suorituskykyä. Työssä testattiin myös joitakin uusia, lingvististä tietoa hyödyntäviä ennakointitekniikoita, joiden suorituskyky vastasi tiettyjen tilastollisten ennakointimenetelmien suorituskykyä. Tutkimuksen tuloksista voidaan päätellä muun muassa, että sananennakointisovellusten suorituskykyä voidaan parantaa merkittävästi lingvistisen tiedon avulla vain käyttämällä samanaikaisesti useita lingvistisen tiedon lähteitä. Tämä taas saattaa hidastaa sovelluksen reaaliaikaista toimintaa ja vaikuttaa sovelluksen suorituskykyyn silloin kun se mitataan näppäinsäästönä merkkisäästön asemesta
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48

Cunnings, Ian. "English word formation : morphological constraints and their time-course during processing." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486733.

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The plurals-inside-compounds effect has been one of the most widely studied morphological phenomena in the psycholinguistics literature. Research has shown that there is both a restriction against regular but not irregular plurals inside compounds (*rats eater versus mice eater), and a general preference for non-heads to be singular (?mice eater versus mouse eater). The general preference for singular non-heads has been derived from a semantic constraint against non-heads marked for plural number semantics (Haskell, MacDonald & Seidenberg 2003),whereas the avoidance of regular plurals results from a morphological constraint against concatenative regular plural inflections (Gordon 1985, Kiparsky 1982, Pinker 1999). However, a restricted range of exceptions to the morphological constraint (buildings inspector) are in fact possible, but only when licensed by particular semantic properties (Alegre & Gordon 1999). Whether these constraints also apply to word formation by derivational suffixation is not known (*ratsless versus ?miceless versus ~ouseless), and the time-course of these constraints during online processing has not previously been examined.
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Pik-ha, Chan. "An investigation into the perception (and production) of English word-initial consonants by native speakers of Cantonese." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21161082.

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50

Enarsson, Anna. "New Blends in the English Language." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-674.

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Titel: New Blends in the English Language

Författare: Anna Enarsson

Antal sidor: 29

Abstract: The aim of this essay was to identify new blends that have entered the English language. Firstly six different word-formation processes, including blending, was described. Those were compounding, clipping, backformation, acronyming, derivation and blending. The investigation was done by using a list of blends from Wikipedia. The words were looked up in the Longman dictionary of 2005 and in a dictionary online. A google search and a corpus investigation were also conducted. The investigation suggested that most of the blends were made by clipping and the second most common form was clipping and overlapping. Blends with only overlapping was unusual and accounted for only three percent. The investigation also suggested that the most common way to create blends by clipping was to use the first part of the first word and the last part of the second word. The blends were not only investigated according to their structure but also according to the domains they occur in. This part of the investigation suggested that the blends were most frequent in the technical domain, but also in the domain of society

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