Academic literature on the topic 'Åtal'

Lagen om olaga förföljelse instiftades som ett led i arbetet med att förbättra skyddet för de som utsätts för upprepade trakasserier, så kallad stalkning. Få anmälningar, otydliga brottsrekvisit samt avsaknad av en nedre gräns för brottet uppges som möjliga anledningar till relativt få åtal samt fällande domar sedan lagen kom 2011. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur väl lagen om olaga förföljelse fångar upp stalkning genom att studera vilka omständigheter som leder till fällande dom. Etthundra tingsrättsdomar där den tilltalade blivit åtalad för olaga förföljelse undersöktes med ett kodschema. Domar där den tilltalade blivit dömd för olaga förföljelse har jämförts med domar där den tilltalade istället blivit dömd för något av underbrotten, såsom ofredande eller olaga hot. Resultaten visade att det inte finns några skillnader avseende vilka typer av underbrott eller stalkningsbeteenden som utförts. Skillnad fanns däremot för mängden underbrott och handlingar som utgör stalkningsbeteendet och allvarlighetsgrad av stalkningsbeteende vilka samtliga var högre i den grupp som blivit dömd för olaga förföljelse. Trots dessa skillnader uppvisar den grupp som inte dömts för olaga förföljelse också ett stalkningsbeteende. Detta tyder på att lagen endast fångar upp stalkning av mer allvarlig karaktär.
The stalking law was introduced with the intent to strengthen the protection of victims of repeated harassment, i.e stalking. Statistics show that only a small number of stalking cases lead to prosecution and conviction in Sweden. Few police reports and unclear legal requirements regarding the stalking law were reported to be possible reasons. The aim of this study was to examine how well the stalking law identifies stalking behaviours. The study included 100 verdicts where the perpetrator was prosecuted according to the stalking law. These were examined by using a coding schema. Verdicts where the perpetrator was convicted for stalking were compared with verdicts where the perpetrator was convicted for stalking related offences. The results did not show any differences regarding type of offense or type of stalking behaviours. However differences were found regarding the amount of offences committed, the amount of actions that constitute stalking behaviour and the degree of severity of stalking behaviours, where the group convicted for stalking had a higher rate overall. Despite these differences the group consisting of perpetrators that were not convicted for stalking related offences still exhibited stalking behaviours. This indicates that the stalking law only identifies stalking among those who have severe stalking behaviour.

In Sweden an oral hearing, the trial, is held as the ideal model for the criminal procedure and according to the legality principle reported crimes ought to be investigated and prosecuted. Over time high levels of reported crimes have led to an increase in pressure on the courts and other actors in the criminal process. This pressure has created new ways of dealing with reported crimes in summary procedures and to exceptions from the legality principle. Such changes have given the prosecutor a key role in deciding how cases are dealt with in the criminal process.  The purpose of this thesis is to examine the Swedish public prosecutor’s influence on the choice of cases that are investigated, prosecuted and tried in court during a trial. The study examines the prosecutors’ legal authority and how that authority has changed from the time that the Code of Judicial Procedure came into force in 1948 to the beginning of 2011. A starting point for the examination is that investigating, prosecuting and trying cases in the criminal process should be carried out in a way that is considered to be fair according to societal values, which are embedded in the legal system. Both decisions about which cases will be tried and the procedure involved in how to try them has to be performed in a way that seems to be fair. In the study the values that underlie the criminal process is examined through a model. This model assumes that the criminal process has been created and developed to satisfy different requirements, which can be separated into three main groups: the functions of the criminal process, legal principles and the main objectives of a good administration of justice. The model is used to analyze and discuss the development of the legal rules. The prosecutor’s authority and influence over the process has broadened and the use of summary procedures has served to place the focus on the police investigation instead of the trial. Among the objectives of a good administration of justice Speed and Cost effectiveness are considered to be more important than Security. As long as the Trust in the system is sufficient this development can continue. A conclusion from the study is that there is a need for some actor to prioritize and to do that openly. In the study the issue is raised whether it is time to question the legality principle as the main principle for the Swedish legal system.

Förlagsutgiven med 3 månaders embargo.

Både den största delen sjukfall och den största ökningen av sjukfall utgörs av psykiatriska diagnoser. I denna grupp är anpassningsstörning och reaktion på svår stress, ångestsyndrom samt depression vanligast förekommande. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka faktorer som är av betydelse för återgång tillarbete för personer med dessa diagnoser. Vilka faktorer upplevs ha varit till störst hjälp? Är någon särskilt viktig? Saknades några? För att få djupgående svar som beskriver hur personer med dessa diagnoserupplever olika faktorer har åtta personer inom diagnosgrupperna intervjuats. En tematisk analys har lett fram till ett resultat som visar att socialt stöd är den viktigaste faktorn för återgång till arbete. Det är också den faktor som upplevdes mest bristfällig. Vad gäller vilken faktor som har varit till störst hjälp så syns ett mer varierat resultat, beroende på att insatser inte sett likadana ut för alla respondenter.