Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Atenolol'
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Foppa, Talize. "Desenvolvimento e estudo de solução pediátrica contendo atenolol." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88459.
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Hipertensão é a doença cardiovascular com maior prevalência no mundo. Existe ampla evidência que tenha início na infância. A seleção da terapia apropriada depende da causa da doença e da idade da criança. Muitos fatores afetam a escolha de um anti-hipertensivo quando da otimização do tratamento em crianças. Entre eles estão o diagnóstico, a severidade da doença, as complicações, as doenças paralelas, a utilização de outros fármacos e a formulação do medicamento. O manejo da hipertensão em crianças inclui o uso de bloqueadores, inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina, bloqueadores de canais de cálcio e diuréticos. A maioria dos fármacos prescritos para crianças não possui forma farmacêutica apropriada pra este fim. A falta extensiva de dados sobre o uso dos antihipertensivos pediátricos aponta para estudos que incluem somente fármacos com algum potencial perigoso descrito na literatura. O atenolol é um fármaco pertencente à classe dos ß bloqueadores. Esta classe de fármacos vem sendo utilizada na pediatria, mesmo estando disponível no mercado somente em apresentações para adultos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar uma formulação de atenolol em veículo xarope destinado à utilização em ambiente hospitalar. Realizou-se a caracterização da matéria prima. Foi desenvolvida formulação líquida de atenolol utilizando o xarope como veículo. Realizou-se o controle de qualidade da água, seguido das análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas do xarope contendo o fármaco. Estudo da estabilidade do atenolol frente ao calor foi desenvolvido. Padronizou-se o método para doseamento do fármaco em plasma de ratos, assim como a avaliação da eficácia nos animais pela diminuição da freqüência cardíaca. Realizou-se estudo clínico em pacientes internados no Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão, com a avaliação da evolução do quadro clínico das crianças. Os resultados farmacocinéticos obtidos experimentalmente em ratos mostraram diferenças significativas do fármaco em veículos distintos, e a inclusão deste medicamento na rotina do Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão resultou na melhora dos parâmetros clínicos e controle da sintomatologia das patologias apresentadas pelos pacientes. Hipertension is the cardiovascular illness with most prevalence in the world. Ample evidence exists that has beginning in infancy. The election of the appropriate therapy depends on the cause of the illness and child'age. Many factors affect the choice of an antihypertensive when of the otimization of the treatment in children. Between them they are the diagnosis, the severity, the complications, the illnesses parallel and the use of other drugs. The hipertension treatment in children includes the use of ß blockers, inhibitors of the converting enzyme of the angiotensine, blockers of calcium canals and diuretcs. The majority of the drugs prescribed for children are not available in suitable dosage forms. The extensive lack of data on the use of pediatrics antihypertensives points with respect to studies that only include drugs with some described dangerous potential in literature. Atenolol is a pertaining drug to the class of ß blokckers. This drugs comes being used in the pediatrics, exactly being available in the market only in presentations for adults. The objective of this work was to develop and to evaluate a formularization of atenolol in syrup must destined to the use in hospital environment. It was analysed the characterization of the raw material. Atenolol liquid was developed using the syrup vehicle. The quality control of the water was developed, followed of the analyses microbiological, chemistries and of the syrup contend the drug. Study of the stability of atenolol front to the temperature. Analytical methodology for assay of the drug in mouse's plasma was standardized, as well as the evaluation of the effectiveness in the animals for the reduction of the cardiac frequency. Clinical study in patients interned in the Hospital Joana de Gusmão was studied with the evolution of the clinical of the children. The pharmacokinetics results in rats had experimentally shown significant differences of the same drug with distinct vehicles and the inclusion of this medicine in the Hospital Joana de Gusmão routine in such a way showed improvement of the patients in the clinical parameters, as in the sintomatology of the presented patology.
Waterman, Mari. "Pharmacodynamic evaluation of beta-blockade associated with atenolol in healthy dogs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97339.
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Blazy, Pierre. "Evaluation quantitative de la cardioprotection par un betabloquant (atenolol) lors de l'angioplastie transluminale endocoronaire." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU31021.
Full textNewkirk, Alicia. "A Comparison of Content and Quality of Atenolol and Captopril Manufactured in Mexico and the United States." The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624764.
Full textObjectives: To determine whether the quantity of active ingredient and content uniformity of atenolol and captopril manufactured in Mexico are comparable with those manufactured in the United States. Methods: An adapted United States Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary (USP-NF) guideline was utilized for a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay to quantify the active ingredient of each medication. The US products were considered to contain 100% of the active ingredient, with acceptable variance range of 90-110%. Atenolol 50 milligrams (mg) and captopril 50 mg tablets, manufactured from either Mexico or US, were tested in this comparative study. Results: Quantification of active ingredient in Mexican captopril 50 mg tablets were within the acceptable range of the USP-NF guidelines at 94.2%. The content uniformity was also within the acceptable range of the USP-NF guidelines at 99.0%. The quantity of active ingredient in the Mexican atenolol 50 mg tablets, as well as content uniformity, was also within the acceptable range of the USP-NF guidelines at 110.0% and 95.0%, respectively. Implications: The results of this study showed that captopril and atenolol manufactured in Mexico were comparable to those manufactured in the US with no significant differences regarding amount of active ingredient and content uniformity.
Gil, Ana Cecilia Montes. "Avaliação farmacologica do aspirinato de atenolol como droga antiplaquetaria e anti-hipertensiva." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309492.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: No presente trabalho, foram avaliados os efeitos farmacológicos do Aspirinato de atenolol (AA T) uma potencial pró-droga mútua resultado da combinação química entre ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) e atenolo!. As propriedades do AA T como droga antitrombótica foram avaliadas na inibição da agregação plaquetária estimulada in vitro e na inibição da produção de tromboxano estimulada ex-vivo em sangue de animais tratados. Por outro lado, o AA T foi avaliado como droga anti-hipertensiva no modelo de hipertensão induzida pela inibição crônica da síntese de NO em ratos, e seus efeitos como antagonista dos adrenoceptores 13 foram avaliados na resposta cronotrópica ao isoproterenol em átrios isolados. Foi determinada a estabilidade metabólica em diferentes frações subcelulares hepáticas, plasma e soluções tampão de diferente pH, assim como seu perfil farmacocinético após administração endovenosa. Também foram avaliadas as propriedades ulcerogênicas gástricas e o potencial mutag'ênico através do Teste de Ames. Os resultados mostraram na avaliação do efeito antiplaquetário, que o AA T não inibiu a agregação plaquetária induzida pelo ácido araquidônico em nenhuma das concentrações testadas e apesar d~ ini~ir significativamente a produção de tromboxano estimulada ex-vivo em rat6s e na maior dose testada em camundongos, este efeito inibitório foi menor quando comparado com o AAS. O acoplamento com AAS, na molécula de AAT, suprimiu os efeitos do atenolol como antagonista dos adrenoceptores 13. Igualmente, o AA T não reduziu a freqüência cardíaca e pressão arterial após tratamento oral crônico de ratos hipertensos, estes resultados indicaram que não houve liberação de atenolol desde a molécula de AA T. Na avaliação da estabilidade metabólica e farmacocinética, observamos que o AA T seguiu uma rápida e completa hidrólise no grupo orto-acetila, gerando salicilato de atenolol (SA T), este produto foi formado quando o AA T foi submetido à hidrólise plasmática (T% 7,6 min) e aquosa (T% 56,5; 24,9 e 6,4 nos pH 2,5; 7,4 e 9.4 respectivamente) metabolização hepática e também após administração endovenosa em cães. o salicilato de atenolol formado a partir do AA T nas frações subcelulares hepáticas foi metabolizado apenas na fração microssomal gerando dois metabólitos hidroxilados em posições diferentes na molécula, a formação destes metabólitos foi dependente do tempo e paralela à cinética de desaparecimento do SAT. Após administração endovenosa, concentrações de AA T não foram detectadas em plasma. Atenolol e ácido salicílico (AS), foram liberados a partir da molécula de SAT (após clivagem da ligação éster benzoato) em concentrações significativamente menores às concentrações obtidas nos grupos tratados com AAS ou atenoloL A ASC0-24h calculada para o AS no grupo tratado com AA T correspondeu ao 0,71% da área calculada para o grupo que recebeu AAS. Similarmente, a ASC0-24h do atenolol no grupo tratado com AA T correspondeu a 1,44% da área calculada para ~ grupo tratado com atenolol. O AA T e seu principal metabólito SA T, não apresentaram propriedades mutagênicas, obtendo-se resultados negativos no Teste de Ames. O AA T produziu lesões na mucosa gástrica significativamente menores às observadas com o AAS após administração oral aguda e crônica durante 4 semanas. Devido às relevantes diferenças obtidas entre o AA T, AAS ou atenolol na caracterização farmacológica e farmacocinética, concluímos que o AA T não atua como pró-droga mútua de AAS e atenolol, e modificações futuras na molécula devem ser consideradas com a finalidade de desenvolver aspirinatos cardioativos com potencial efeito farmacológico
: In this study, we evaluated the pharmacologica/ effects of Atenolol Aspirinate (A TA) a potential mutual prodrug that resulted of the chemical combination between Acetyl Salicylic Acid (ASA) and atenolo!. The properties of ATA as anthithrombotic drug were evaluated on the inhibition of in vitro stimulated platelet aggregation and on the inhibiton of ex-vivo stimulated thromboxane production in blood from treated animais. Additionally, A TA was evaluated as an antihypertensive drug on the hypertension induced by chronic inhibition of NO in rats, its effects as antagonist of f3 adrenoceptors were evaluated in the chronotropic response to isoproterenol in isolated atria. The metabolic stability was determined in different hepatic subcellular fractions, plasma and buffer solutions as well as its pharmacokinetic profile after intravenous administration. The gastric ulcerogenic properties and mutagenic potencial, using the Ames test, were toa evaluated. In the evaluation of the antiplatelet effect, our results showed that ATA had no effect on arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation. Although it inhibited significantly the ex-vivo stimulated thromboxane production in rats and in the highest tested dose in mice, ATA showed lower inhibitory effect than ASA. The coupling with ASA, in the ATA mOlecule, abolished the atenolol effects as antagonist of f3 adrenoceptors. In the sa~e"way, ATA had no effect reducing the heart rate and blood pressure after chropic oral treatment of hypertensive rats, these results showed that atenolol was not liberated from ATA molecule. In the evaluation of the metabolic stability and pharmacokinetics, we observed that ATA followed a rapid and complete hydrolysis at the o-acetyl group, generating atenolol salicylate (A T8), this product was formed when ATA was submitted to plasma hydro/ysis (T% 7;6 min) and aqueous hydrolysis (T% 56,5; 24,9 and 6,4 at pH 2,5; 7,4 and 9.4 respectively), hepatic metabolization and after intravenous administration to dogs. ATA was biotransformed to A TS in ali hepatic subcellular fractions, then A TS was metabolized only in the microsomal fraction generating two hydroxylated metabolites, whose formation was time dependent and parallel to the kinetics of A TS consumption. After intravenous administration, concentrations of A TS instead ATA were found in plasma dog samples, SA and atenolol were originated from cleavage of A TS molecule at the benzoate ester linkage, generating concentration levels to a lesser extent than levels found after treatment with an equimolar dose of the drugs ',nóiviõua
Doutorado
Doutor em Farmacologia
Haro, Nathalia Krummenauer. "Remoção dos fármacos atenolol, paracetamol e ampicilina por adsorção em carvão ativado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172254.
Full textDrugs are essential for preservation of human and animal health as well as for disease prevention. However, its high consumption associated with incorrect disposal and inefficient treatment of water and effluents can cause great damage to the environment such as bacterial resistance, for example. The objective of this work was to study the removal of ampicillin (AMP), atenolol (ATN) and paracetamol (PAR), drugs of three different classes, in aqueous solutions by adsorption technique in granular activated carbon (GAC). Adsorption experiments were carried out in batch evaluating the effect of parameters pH, contact time and concentration of solid adsorbent. The kinetic behavior of the adsorption of drugs in granular activated carbon was evaluated through the pseudofirst order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models. Furthermore, equilibrium isotherms for these systems were made at different temperatures (15, 25 and 35 ° C) and analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips models. The adsorption process was also evaluated through thermodynamic tests. The fixed bed column adsorption was evaluated by experimental planning for drugs and the effects of mass of the adsorbent bed (0.5 to 1.5 g) and feed rate (10 - 15 ml min-1) were studied Also, in order to evaluate the behavior of the drugs when in mixture, adsorption tests were carried out in batch and in fixed bed column for the mixture of ampicillin and paracetamol. The best results found in the batch adsorption tests were: pH 6 and concentration of adsorbent solid of 10 g L-1 for the three drugs. The most suitable adsorption time was 90 minutes for ATN and 120 min for AMP and PAR. Under these conditions it was possible to obtain removals of 90%, 94% and 96% for ampicillin, atenolol and paracetamol respectively. The kinetic model that best described the adsorption process was the pseudo-first order for the ampicillin and paracetamol drugs and pseudo-second order for atenolol. The isotherms obtained for the drugs indicated that the adsorption process is of endothermic nature, that is, the adsorption is favored with the increase in temperature. For the AMP, the best isotherm adjustment was obtained by the Langmuir model at temperatures of 15 °C and 25 °C and by the Sips model at temperature of 35 °C. For the ATN, the best fit was obtained by the Freundlich model and, for PAR, the Sips model at the three temperatures studied. The thermodynamic tests indicated that the adsorption process of the drugs was favorable and spontaneous and confirmed the endothermic nature of the process Regarding the results obtained in adsorption in fixed bed column, it was observed that rupture and saturation times increase with the increase of the mass of solid present in the bed and decrease with the increase of flow. The adsorbent mass had a negative effect on the used bed fraction and was significant in the adsorption process of the three drugs. The feed flow was only significant in the adsorption in fixed bed of the AMP and had positive effect in the used bed fraction. The highest volumes of treated effluent were obtained with the largest mass of solid used (1,5 g) and with the lowest feed rate tested (10 mL min-1). In multicomponent adsorption in batch, it was found that there is competition between the drugs by the active sites of GAC available for adsorption. The results obtained in the adsorption isotherms tests showed that the behavior of the drugs in mixture is the same as when compared individually. The models that best fit the experimental data were the same ones obtained in the monocomponent tests, Langmuir for AMP and Sips for PAR. Similarly as for the monocomponent column experiments, the multicomponent tests showed that the break and saturation times are larger for the PAR. However, these values are lower than in individual adsorption indicating that there was competition between the drugs for the sites of the adsorbent. The results indicate that adsorption is a viable alternative for the removal of drugs, thus contributing to the advancement of research related to the treatment of effluents contaminated by these pollutants.
Leite, Fátima da Silva. "Avaliação da disposição cinética do atenolol em pacientes coronarianos submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio. Influência da circulação extracorpórea sobre as concentrações plasmáticas do atenolol no intra-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-08022009-174706/.
Full textPatients submitted to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery frequently are using beta-blockers agents for the control of angina pectoris, and continue the treatment after the surgery to reduce the mortality and cardiovascular events. However, the technique of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), used in most cardiac surgeries with cardioplegia, causes important changes in the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of many drugs and may also alter their therapeutic effects. Atenolol is a hydrophilic beta-blocker characterized by incomplete absorption, a relatively small volume of distribution and a renal function-dependent elimination. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CPB on the plasma concentrations of atenolol during the intra-operative period of cardiac surgery, as well as, to compare the pharmacokinetics of atenolol in the pre and post-operative periods of revascularization with CPB, in patients with coronary insufficiency. In addition, it was investigated the variability of plasma atenolol concentrations before the cardiac surgery. In the first part of the study, it was investigated 19 coronary patients, under chronic therapy with atenolol and submitted to cardiac surgery performed with and without CPB. At the second part, it was evaluated the pre and post-operative periods from 7 patients submitted to the CABG surgery with CPB, who were chronically treated with atenolol in a multiple regimen. All enrolled patients presented normal or slightly reduced renal function as a result of age and underlying disease. A serial blood samples collection was required for monitoring of plasma atenolol concentrations at the intra-operative period and also for pharmacokinetic study at the pre and post-CABG. The quantification of plasma atenolol was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and consisted of a relatively rapid, simple and low-cost analytical procedure. Only 200 µL of plasma was used for each chromatographic analysis. Validation of this analytical method showed high linearity, adequate sensitivity and selectivity, high recovery, good accuracy and precision, in addition to stability and a guarantee of robustness. It was concluded that the CPB changes plasma atenolol concentrations in the intra-operative period, since a marked decrease in plasma atenolol concentrations was observed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery without CPB. Thus, despite the lower decline in plasma levels observed in patients submitted to CPB, atenolol can be used safely, due to the low accumulation of the drug administrated at multiple dose regimens. In addition, pharmacokinetics of atenolol remained unaltered when pre and post-operative periods were compared; although it was observed a tendency of normalization of volume of distribution and plasma clearance of atenolol after the revascularization. Moreover, the lack of correlation between biological half-life and apparent volume of distribution suggests that, in both periods, plasma atenolol concentration only depends on its plasma clearance. Finally, it was verified a small inter-patient variability of atenolol in the dose regimens used for the control of coronary insufficiency.
Martins, Maria Lucia. "Estudo de bioequivalencia de duas formulações de comprimidos de atenolol em voluntarios sadios." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310680.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foram comparadas as biodisponibilidades de duas formulações de comprimidos de atcnolol: Atcnol, comprimidos 50 mg, (Laboratório Wellcomc ICI; formulação de referência) versus Angipress, comprimidos 50 mg (Laboratório Biosintética; formulação teste), em dezoito voluntários sadios do sexo masculino. O protocolo clínico constava de dois períodos randômicos, com intervalo de quatorze dias entre as doses, aprovado pelo comitê de ética do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP. Os voluntários, após uma triagem, foram hospitalizados às 23 horas ao dia anterior do estudo clínico sob jejum e, às 7 horas do dia seguinte, iniciou-se o ensaio clínico. Os voluntários receberam uma única dose de atenolol de cada formulação. As amostras de sangue foram obtidas imediatamente antes e a intervalos regulares, até 24 horas após a administração da droga. A concentração plasmática de atenolol foi determinada por HPLC com detecção fluorin1étrica. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos obtidos de cada formulação de atenolol foram: área sobre a curva da concentração plasmática em função do tempo de O até 24 h (AUC[O-24), concentração máxima alcançada (Cmax) e o tempo empregado para ser a1cançada (tmax), meia vida de eliminação {tll2), constante de eliminação terminal de primeira ordem (ke) e a área sobre a curva extrapolada ao infInito (AUC[o-oo).Todos os parâmetros farmacocinéticos foram analisados por métodos estatísticos paramétricos e não-paramétricos. As duas formulações de comprimidos de atenolol não apresentaram diferenças estatísticamente significantes em biodisponibilidade. Com base nos resultados obtidos e de acordo com os requerimentos estipulados pela EU e a FDA (EUA) as duas formulações foram consideradas bioequivalentes, com referência tanto à velocidade quanto ao grau de absorção
Abstract: The bioavailability of two atcnolol tablct rormulations: Angipress (rrom Laboratórios Biosintética, SP, Brazil), and Atenol (fram Wellcome ICI Laboratory, SP, Brazil) were compared in eighteen healthy male volunteers who received a single dose of 50 I mg 01' cach [ormulation, in. an open randomizcd two pcriod crossover fashion with a fourteen day washout interval between doses. Plasma samples were obtained over a 24 h interval and atenolol concentrations were determined by HPLC with tluorimetric detection. From thc plasma atenolol conccntration vs time curves, AUqO.24) (area under the concentration vs time curves fram O to 24 h), Cnax (maximum achieved concentration), tmax (time to achieve Cnax), ty, (terminal fIrst arder c1imination half-life), ke (terminal fIrst arder eliminati?n constant) and AUC (arca under thc' concentration vs time curves extrapolated to I infinity) wcre obtained. All thesc variables wcre analysed using both parametric and non parametric statistics. The two atenolol tablct bránds did not show statistically signwcant dilTerences in bioavailability as assessed by analyses 01' AUC[O.24), AUC, Cmax, trnax, t'h, and kc valucs. Bascd on thcse results and on thc Unitcd Statcs Food and Drug Administqllion (FDA) and the European Union requerimcnts, we conc1udc that both formulations are bioequivalent
Mestrado
Farmacologia
Mestre em Ciências
Prado, Anelise Weich do. "OTIMIZAÇÃO DA AVALIAÇÃO DA MATÉRIA PRIMA E COMPRIMIDOS DE ATENOLOL: APLICAÇÃO EM PRODUÇÃO, CONTROLE E REGISTRO DE MEDICAMENTO GENÉRICO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5992.
Full textO atenolol é um betabloqueador seletivo que age preferencialmente sobre os receptores adrenérgicos beta-1 do coração, utilizado no controle da hipertensão arterial, angina pectoris, arritmias cardíacas e no tratamento do infarto do miocárdio. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de otimizar as metodologias descritas para a avaliação do fármaco e comprimidos de atenolol, através do desenvolvimento e validação de métodos simples e mais acessíveis para avaliação de comprimidos e matéria prima de atenolol. Procura, também, destacar as características ideais para o fármaco na fase de pré-formulação e desenvolvimento da forma farmacêutica. Neste contexto, foram desenvolvidas e validadas metodologias por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e espectrofotometria no ultravioleta para quantificação de atenolol em comprimidos. Foram também aplicadas técnicas de caracterização da matéria prima para classificação da mesma na fase de pré-formulação. O método desenvolvido por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência apresenta vantagens sobre o método farmacopeico por estabelecer uma análise sem utilização de reagente de pareamento iônico, heptanossulfonato, por ser mais rápido e simples. Ambos os métodos quantitativos desenvolvidos apresentaram-se lineares, específicos, exatos, precisos, robustos, e equivalentes entre si. Para o estudo de dissolução realizado com as formulações farmacêuticas de atenolol, após a análise de eficiência de dissolução, não se observou variação significativa entre as curvas de dissolução obtidas através dos métodos desenvolvidos e da metodologia farmacopeica. A análise da matériaprima de atenolol permitiu sua caracterização, garantindo um emprego adequado na fabricação da forma farmacêutica. As análises comparativas entre o medicamento teste e o medicamento referência permitem afirmar que as duas formulações são semelhantes e com mesmo desempenho in vitro, isto é, são equivalentes farmacêuticos. Os métodos descritos são úteis em análise de controle de qualidade rotineira de formulações farmacêuticas de atenolol e a análise comparativa entre os métodos propostos e a metodologia oficial, demonstrou não haver diferença estatisticamente significativa, caracterizando a equivalência dos mesmos.
Elias, Gracieli Prado [UNESP]. "Efeito da hipertensão e do atenolol sobre a atividade salivar e a microdureza dental: estudo experimental em filhotes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104235.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade das glândulas salivares, a mineralização dental e a participação da metaloproteinase de matriz (MMP-9) nesta mineralização em filhotes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR) tratadas ou não com atenolol. Ratas SHR e normotensas Wistar foram tratadas com atenolol (100mg/Kg/dia, via oral) durante os períodos de prenhez e lactação. Os grupos controle receberam o mesmo volume de água sem atenolol. O fluxo salivar, induzido por nitrato de pilocarpina, a concentração de proteínas (método de Lowry), a atividade da amilase (método cinético a 405 nm), o peso das glândulas salivares (parótidas, submandibulares e sublinguais), a microdureza do esmalte e da dentina de incisivos e molares e a expressão da MMP-9 (imonuperoxidase) no tecido dental foram comparados entre filhotes de ratas SHR e Wistar tratadas ou não com atenolol. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste estatístico mais adequado, paramétrico (ANOVA ou test t de Student’s) ou não paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis), sendo consideradas significativas as diferenças quando p<0,05. Filhotes SHR apresentaram menor fluxo salivar e concentração de proteínas do que filhotes Wistar, mas a atividade da amilase não foi diferente entre os grupos. O peso das glândulas salivares foi semelhante entre filhotes SHR e Wistar...
The objective of the present study was analyzed the salivary activity, the dental mineralization and the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) on this mineralization, in pups (30 days) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated, or not treated, with atenolol. Female SHR and normotensive Wistar rats were treated during pregnancy and lactation periods with Atenolol 100mg/Kg/day by oral administration. For the control group, the animals received the same water volume without the drug. The salivary flow rate (stimulated by pilocarpine injection), the protein concentration (Lowry method), salivary amylase activity (kinetic method at 405 nm), the weight of salivary glands (parotid, submandibular and sublingual), the enamel and dentin microhardness of incisors and molars teeth and the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B) localization (imunoperoxidase) in dental tissue were compared between SHR and Wistar pups of female rats treated or not with atenolol. The results were analyzed by parametric (ANOVA or Student s tests) or non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis) tests (p<0,05). The salivary flow rate and salivary protein concentration were reduced in SHR pups. There was no alteration in amylase activity between groups. The salivary glands weight was not different between SHR and Wistar pups either. Decreased enamel and dentin microhardness were observed in incisors and molar teeth of SHR pups. No alterations in MMP-9 positive staining were observed in predentin and odontoblasts of both groups, however the density of stained ameloblasts cells and external enamel surface were higher in incisors teeth of SHR pups. Atenolol-treated SHR and Wistar rats pups showed decrease in submandibular gland weight, in saliva s flow rate and protein concentration, but no alteration in amylase activity. Atenolol increased enamel and dentin microhardness of incisors teeth of SHR and...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Cursino, Natalia Manrique [UNESP]. "Avaliação do efeito do atenolol no processo de reparo alveolar em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95469.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A hipertensao arterial representa um fator de risco sistemico e condicao desfavoravel para tratamentos dentarios, especialmente aqueles que necessitam de reparacao ossea. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o reparo alveolar em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) e o efeito do atenolol sobre este processo. Wistar e SHR tratados ou nao com 100mg/kg/dia (atenolol), foram submetidos a extracao do dente incisivo superior direito e sacrificados aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 42 dias apos a cirurgia. As hemi-maxilas foram removidas e as imagens radiograficas foram realizadas. A analise radiografica foi obtida por meio do sistema digital Digora. Analises histologicas, histomorfometricas e reacoes imunoistoquimicas foram feitas em cortes histologicos de 5ƒÊm de espessura, os quais foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina ou submetidos a imunomarcacao para RANK, RANKL, OPG e proteinas MMP-9. A analise histologica foi realizada por microscopia optica e a analise histomorfometrica pelo software RGB / Leica Qwin Color. Os resultados densitometricos e histomorfometricos foram analisados pela Anova two-way. Na analise imunoistoquimica, utilizando um microscopio optico, foram atribuidos scores as imagens. Os resultados foram analisados pelos testes estatisticos Kruskal-Wallis e Mann Whitney. As diferencas entre os resultados foram consideradas significativas quando p<0,05. Reducao da densidade mineral ossea (DMO), menor porcentagem de osso e menor espessura do trabeculado osseo foram observadas nos periodos finais do reparo alveolar em SHR. Aumento da imunomarcacao para RANKL, RANK e MMP-9 foi observado em 28 dias apos a cirurgia no alveolo em SHR. Consistente efeito do atenolol foi observado no reparo alveolar de ratos hipertensos. O atenolol aumentou a DMO observada na maioria dos periodos analisados e aumentou a espessura do trabeculado...
Hypertension represents a systemic risk factor and unfavorable condition for dental treatments, especially treatments that require bone healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alveolar wound healing in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the atenolol effect on this process. Normotensive Wistar rats and SHR, untreated or treated with atenolol (100mg/kg/day), were submitted to the extraction of the upper right incisive tooth and sacrificed at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days after surgery. The hemi-jaws were extracted and the radiographic images were obtained. Radiographic analysis was performed by using the digital system Digora. Histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical reactions were done in histological sections, 5 μm thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin or subjected to immunolabeling to RANK, RANKL, OPG and MMP-9 proteins. Histological analysis was performed by light microscopy and histomorphometric analysis by Leica Qwin Color/RGB software. The densitometric and histomorphometric results were also analyzed by two-way ANOVA. In immunohistochemical analysis, using an optical microscopy, scores were assigned to the images. Results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney statistical tests. Differences between results were considered significant when p <0.05. Reduced bone mineral density (BMD), lower bone percentage and less thickness of trabecular bone was observed in the final periods of alveolar bone healing in SHR. Increased RANKL, RANK and MMP-9 immunolabeling were observed at 28 days after surgery in SHR alveolus. Consistent atenolol effect was observed on alveolar bone healing of hypertensive rats. Atenolol increased the BMD observed in most of the periods analyzed and increased trabecular bone thickness at 28 and 42 days in SHR alveolus. Increased OPG immunolabeling... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Cursino, Natalia Manrique. "Avaliação do efeito do atenolol no processo de reparo alveolar em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) /." Araçatuba, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95469.
Full textAbstract: Hypertension represents a systemic risk factor and unfavorable condition for dental treatments, especially treatments that require bone healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alveolar wound healing in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the atenolol effect on this process. Normotensive Wistar rats and SHR, untreated or treated with atenolol (100mg/kg/day), were submitted to the extraction of the upper right incisive tooth and sacrificed at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days after surgery. The hemi-jaws were extracted and the radiographic images were obtained. Radiographic analysis was performed by using the digital system Digora. Histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical reactions were done in histological sections, 5 μm thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin or subjected to immunolabeling to RANK, RANKL, OPG and MMP-9 proteins. Histological analysis was performed by light microscopy and histomorphometric analysis by Leica Qwin Color/RGB software. The densitometric and histomorphometric results were also analyzed by two-way ANOVA. In immunohistochemical analysis, using an optical microscopy, scores were assigned to the images. Results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney statistical tests. Differences between results were considered significant when p <0.05. Reduced bone mineral density (BMD), lower bone percentage and less thickness of trabecular bone was observed in the final periods of alveolar bone healing in SHR. Increased RANKL, RANK and MMP-9 immunolabeling were observed at 28 days after surgery in SHR alveolus. Consistent atenolol effect was observed on alveolar bone healing of hypertensive rats. Atenolol increased the BMD observed in most of the periods analyzed and increased trabecular bone thickness at 28 and 42 days in SHR alveolus. Increased OPG immunolabeling... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Cristina Antoniali Silva
Coorientador: Roberta Okamoto
Banca: Raquel Fernanda Gerlach
Banca: Sandra Helena Penha de Oliveira
Mestre
Tobias, Kátia Regina Coimbra [UNESP]. "Imunomarcação para TRAP em tecido de reparação óssea de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) tratados com Atenolol." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149825.
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Introdução: A hipertensão arterial tem sido um dos maiores problemas de saúde no mundo, com grandes alterações para as doenças cardiovasculares e renais. O tecido ósseo tem função importante no suporte, proteção e locomoção e está sob o controle de fatores sistêmicos como hormônios e fatores locais, entre eles os fatores de crescimento e citocinas. A Fosfatase Ácida Tartarato Resistente (TRAP) é uma enzima que faz parte da família das fosfatases ácidas e apresenta localização intracelular; mais especificamente dentro do compartimento lisossomal de osteoclasto, macrófagos e células dendríticas, tem sido utilizada como um marcador histoquímico da atividade osteoclástica. Objetivos: Avaliar a expressão da proteína TRAP em alvéolos dentários de ratos hipertensos (SHR) e normotensos tratados ou não com atenolol. Métodos: Neste estudo foram utilizados 4 grupos de ratos sendo: 1) W (wistar sem tratamento), 2) WT (wistar tratado com atenolol), 3) S (SHR sem tratamento) e 4) ST (SHR tratado com atenolol), submetidos a exodontia do incisivo superior direito, com eutanásia no 7º, 14º, 21 e 28º dia pós-operatório. A análise dos mecanismos biológicos envolvidos no processo de reparo alveolar foi obtida pela análise da expressão de proteínas TRAP por meio da técnica de imunoistoquímica. Os resultados foram analisados pela média e erro padrão da média e aplicado o teste paramétrico ANOVA, com pos-test de Tukey para avaliar os períodos dentro de cada grupo e entre os grupos, sendo consideradas as diferenças significativas quando p<0,05. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a marcação TRAP aumenta em alvéolo dentais de ratos Wistar durante todos os períodos pós – operatórios. A marcação TRAP aumenta apenas ao 14o nos dias de reparação alveolar em alvéolo dental de SHR não tratados. O atenolol não altera o processo de reparo alveolar em ratos Wistar, porém o atenolol promoveu a redução da marcação de TRAP em SHR ao 14º dia. Conclusão: A hipertensão aumenta a expressão da proteína TRAP no 14o dia pós-cirúrgico de reparação alveolar e o atenolol promove redução da marcação aumentada de TRAP ao 14º dia pós-cirúrgico em alvéolos de SHR.
Introduction: Arterial hypertension has been one of the world’s biggest health problems, with considerable alterations for cardiovascular and renal diseases. The bone tissue has an important role in support, protection and locomotion and is controlled by systemic factors like hormones and local factors, such as growth factors and cytokines. The Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) is an enzyme that belongs to the Acid Phosphatases family and has an intracellular location, more specifically inside the lysosomal compartment of osteoclasts, macrophages and dendritic cells. It has been used as a histochemical marker of the osteoclast activity. Objectives: Evaluate TRAP protein’s expression in the dental alveoli of normotensive and hypertensive rats (SHR) treated or not treated with Atenolol. Methods: In this study, four groups of rats were used: 1) W (with no treatment), 2) WT (wistar treated with Atenolol), 3) S (SHR without treatment) and 4) ST (SHR treated with Atenolol), all of which underwent exodontia of the upper right incisor with euthanasia on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after the operation. The analysis of the biological mechanisms involved in the process of alveolar repair was obtained by the expression of TRAP proteins in the alveolar process through an immunohistochemistry technique. The results were analyzed through the average and its standard error. The parametric test ANOVA was applied with Tukey’s post-test were applied to evaluate the periods within each group and between the groups, considering the significant differences when p< 0,05. Results: The results demonstrated that TRAP staining increases in the dental alveoli of Wistar rats during all the post-surgical periods. TRAP staining increases only on the 14th day of alveolar recovery in the dental alveoli of non-treated SHR. Atenolol does not change the process of alveolar repair in Wistar rats, but Atenolol promoted the reduction of TRAP staining among SHR on the 14th day. Conclusion: Hypertension increases the expression of TRAP proteins on the 14th alveolar recovery postsurgical day and Atenolol promotes the reduction of the increased TRAP staining on the 14th postsurgical day in SHR’s alveoli.
Tobias, Kátia Regina Coimbra. "Imunomarcação para TRAP em tecido de reparação óssea de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) tratados com Atenolol /." Araçatuba, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149825.
Full textBanca: Sandra Maria Herondina Coelho Avila
Banca: Marcelle Danelon
Banca: Jackeline Gallo do Amaral
Banca: Natalia Manrique Cursino
Resumo: A hipertensão arterial tem sido um dos maiores problemas de saúde no mundo, com grandes alterações para as doenças cardiovasculares e renais. O tecido ósseo tem função importante no suporte, proteção e locomoção e está sob o controle de fatores sistêmicos como hormônios e fatores locais, entre eles os fatores de crescimento e citocinas. A Fosfatase Ácida Tartarato Resistente (TRAP) é uma enzima que faz parte da família das fosfatases ácidas e apresenta localização intracelular; mais especificamente dentro do compartimento lisossomal de osteoclasto, macrófagos e células dendríticas, tem sido utilizada como um marcador histoquímico da atividade osteoclástica. Objetivos: Avaliar a expressão da proteína TRAP em alvéolos dentários de ratos hipertensos (SHR) e normotensos tratados ou não com atenolol. Métodos: Neste estudo foram utilizados 4 grupos de ratos sendo: 1) W (wistar sem tratamento), 2) WT (wistar tratado com atenolol), 3) S (SHR sem tratamento) e 4) ST (SHR tratado com atenolol), submetidos a exodontia do incisivo superior direito, com eutanásia no 7º, 14º, 21 e 28º dia pós-operatório. A análise dos mecanismos biológicos envolvidos no processo de reparo alveolar foi obtida pela análise da expressão de proteínas TRAP por meio da técnica de imunoistoquímica. Os resultados foram analisados pela média e erro padrão da média e aplicado o teste paramétrico ANOVA, com pos-test de Tukey para avaliar os períodos dentro de cada grupo e entre os grupos, sendo considerad... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Arterial hypertension has been one of the world's biggest health problems, with considerable alt erations for cardiovascular and renal diseases. The bone tissue has an important role in support, protection and locomotion and is controlled by systemic factors like hormones and local factors, such as growth factors and cytokines. The Tartrate - resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) is an enzyme that belongs to the Acid Phosphatases family and has an intracellular location, more specifically inside the lysosomal compartment of osteoclasts, macrophages and dendritic cells. It has been used as a histochemical mar ker of the osteoclast activity. Objectives: Evaluate TRAP protein's expression in the dental alveoli of normotensive and hypertensive rats (SHR) treated or not treated with Atenolol. Methods: In this study, four groups of rats were used: 1) W (with no trea tment ), 2) WT (wistar treated with Atenolol), 3) S ( SHR without treatment) and 4) ST (SHR treated with Atenolol), all of which underwent exodontia of the upper right incisor with euthanasia on the 7 th, 14 th, 21 st and 28 th day after the operation. The analy sis of the biological mechanisms involved in the process of alveolar repair wa s obtained by the expression of TRAP proteins in the alveolar process through an immunohistochemistry technique. The results were analyzed through the average and its standard er ror. The parametric test ANOVA was applied with Tukey's post - test were applied to evaluate the periods within each group and between the groups, considering the significant differences when p< 0,05. Results: The results demonstrated that TRAP staining incr eases in the dental alveoli of Wistar rats during all the post - surgical periods. TRAP staining increases only on the 14 th day of alveolar recovery in the dental alveoli of non - treated SHR. Atenolol does not change the process (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Gomides, Ricardo Saraceni. "Resposta da pressão intra-arterial durante o exercício resistido de diferentes intensidades em hipertensos tratados com atenolol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-15062009-132658/.
Full textDynamic resistance exercise is recommended in association to aerobic exercise for hypertensive patients. Blood pressure increase during this kind of exercise is mainly due to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance, however, an increase in cardiac output might also be involved. This blood pressure increase seems to be exacerbated in non-medicated hypertensives. Nevertheless, most of the hypertensives are taking medications, and some of them are receiving -blockers, which decreases cardiac output by the inhibition of sympathetic-induced increase on heart rate and cardiac contractility. Thus, -blockers might decrease blood pressure rise during resistance exercise which, to our knowledge, has not been studied yet. Hence, the aim of this study was to verify the effects of the selective -blocker atenolol on blood pressure increase during dynamic resistance exercise of different intensities. Ten essential hypertensives with systolic/diastolic blood pressures under placebo condition maintained among 140 and 160/90 and 105 mmHg were recruited. These volunteers were studied after 6 weeks of placebo and atenolol treatment, and they were blinded for the medication used. In each phase, the volunteers executed, in a random order, 3 protocols of knee extension exercise until fatigue: a) 1 set at 100% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM); b) 3 sets at 40% of 1RM; c) 3 sets at 80% of 1RM. Before, during and after the exercises, intra-arterial radial blood pressure was measured. Data were compared by paired student t-test and by two-way ANOVA for repeated measures. Newman-Keuls post-hoc test was applied when necessary. P≤0.05 was considered as significant. Atenolol decreased the absolute value achieved by systolic blood pressure during the exercise performed at the 3 intensities (maximum values: 100% = 186±4 vs. 215±7, 80%= 224±7 vs. 247±9 e 40% = 223±7 vs. 252±16, mmHg, P≤0.05). Moreover, atenolol also reduced systolic blood pressure increase in the first set of exercise at the 3 intensities (100% = +38±5 vs. +54±9; 80% = +68±11 vs. +84±13 e 40% = +69±7 vs. +84±14, mmHg, P≤0.05). In regard to diastolic blood pressure, atenolol decreased its absolute values and its increase during exercise performed at 100% of 1RM (126±6 vs. 145±6 e +41±6 vs. +52±6, mmHg, P≤0.05), but it did not change diastolic blood pressure at the other exercise intensities. In Conclusion, atenolol therapy was effective in reducing both, systolic blood pressure absolute values and increase during resistance exercise of different intensities in hypertensive subjects; given them some cardiovascular protection. This result enhances the belief that cardiac output increase is important for blood pressure enhancement during this kind of exercise
Amorim, Pedro Henrique Oliveira. "Caracterização térmica e estudo de polimorfismo de fármacos antihipertensivos da classe dos β-bloqueadores: nadolol e atenolol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-25072012-090752/.
Full textTwo β-blocker antihypertensives nadolol ((2R, 3S)-5-[2-hidroxy-3-(terc-butilamine)-propoxy]tetralin-2,3-diol) and atenolol ((R,S)-2-[4-[2-hidroxy-3-(1-isopropylamine)-propoxy]phenyl]acetamide) were submitted to thermal analysis in order to characterize their decomposition mechanisms and the first was also subject of a polymorphism investigations. After melting at 129,6 °C (ΔHfus = 157,3 J g-1; ΔSfus = 1,18 J °C-1 g-1), the decomposition of nadolol took place in a single step beetwen 183,7-404,7 °C, with release of terc-butyl amine and several fragments of the molecule. Kinetic studies based on the isoconvertional method reveled an activation energy Ea = 101,4 ± 0,1 kJ mol-1 and a pre-exponential factor log A = 8,53 ± 0,02 min-1. In atenolol case the melting was detected at 153,1 °C (ΔHfus = 142,5 J g-1; ΔSfus = 0,92 J °C-1 g-1), followed by decomposition in a single step between 191,8-900,0 °C, in which a dimmer is formed after release of ammonia and the isopropylamines in the edges of the molecules. Then ammonia, isporpyl alcohol, carbonic gas and water were released. Kinetic studies by the isoconvertional method showed activation energy Ea = 102 ± 3 kJ mol-1 and exponential pre-factor log A = 9,2 ± 0,3 min-1 for the solid state thermal decomposition reaction. Polymorphism studies for nadolol revealed that at least two enantiomeric forms of the compound can be isolated in, by varying the solvent and the temperature of crystallization.
Silva, Andréa Cristina Martini da [UNESP]. "Estudo termoanalítico e caracterização no estado sólido dos anti-hipertensivos: atenolol, besilato de anlodipino e maleato de enalapril." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99724.
Full textNeste trabalho foi realizado o estudo do comportamento térmico e a caracterização de formas cristalinas dos anti-hipertensivos atenolol, besilato de anlodipino e meleato de enalapril. A caracterização dos compostos foi realizada através do emprego das técnicas de termogravimetria e calorimetria exploratória diferencial simultânea (TG-DSC), termogravimetria acoplada à espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (TG-FTIR), espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIE) e difratometria de raios X pelo método do pó. A técnica TG-DSC forneceu informações sobre a estabilidade térmica, etapas de decomposição e interações entre o fármaco e o solvente utilizado na obtenção de cristais. As curvas TG-DSC demonstraram que o atenolol possui maior estabilidade e o maleato de enalapril menor estabilidade térmica. No caso das recritalizações, as curvas demonstraram que o atenolol e o maleato de enalapril, ambos em suas formas padrão, apresentaram maior estabilidade térmica quando comparados com seus produtos de recristalização e o besilato de anlodipino quando recistalizado em metanol com tetrahidrofurano (50% v/v), obteve um ganho na estabilidade térmica se comparado com o mesmo na forma padrão. Através da análise das bandas de absorção nos espectros de FTIR e da análise da posição dos picos dos difratogramas de raios X, foi possível verificar que não houve indícios de polimorfismo, exceto pela formação de um solvatomorfo do besilato de anlodipino quando recristalizado em metanol. Os resultados obtidos pelo acoplamento das técnicas de termogravimetria e espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier permitiram analisar os compostos voláteis liberados durante a degradação térmica dos fármacos padrões
In this work, it was done a study or the thermal behaviour and the characterization of the crystaline forms of the anthypertensives: atenolol, amlodipine besylate and enalapril maleate. The characterization of the compounds was done by using the simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), thermogravimetry coupled with the infrared spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffractrometry. The techique Tg-DSC gave information about the thermal stabilization, decomposition process and interaction between the drug and the solvent, used to obtain crystals. The TG-DSC curves showed that the atenolol has a higher thermal stability and the enalapril maleate, less thermal stability. In the re-cristallization case, the curves showed that the atenolol and the enalapril maleate, both in their standard forms, presented bigger thermal stability, compared to their recrystallization products and the amlopidine besylate, when recrystallized in methanol with tetrahydrofuran (50% v/v) obtained a gain in its thermal stability when compared to itself in the standard form. Through the absorption bands discplacement in the FTIR spectra and of the analysis of the intensity and position of the X-ray powder diffraction peaks, it was possible to verify that there weren't any evidences of polymorphism. The obtained results by the couplind of the techniques of thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy permitted to defect of the possible valatile compounds released during the thermal degradation of the drugs standards
Silva, Andréa Cristina Martini da. "Estudo termoanalítico e caracterização no estado sólido dos anti-hipertensivos : atenolol, besilato de anlodipino e maleato de enalapril /." Bauru, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99724.
Full textBanca: Massao Ionashiro
Banca: Alexandre de Oliveira Legendre
Resumo: Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo do comportamento térmico e a caracterização de formas cristalinas dos anti-hipertensivos atenolol, besilato de anlodipino e meleato de enalapril. A caracterização dos compostos foi realizada através do emprego das técnicas de termogravimetria e calorimetria exploratória diferencial simultânea (TG-DSC), termogravimetria acoplada à espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (TG-FTIR), espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIE) e difratometria de raios X pelo método do pó. A técnica TG-DSC forneceu informações sobre a estabilidade térmica, etapas de decomposição e interações entre o fármaco e o solvente utilizado na obtenção de cristais. As curvas TG-DSC demonstraram que o atenolol possui maior estabilidade e o maleato de enalapril menor estabilidade térmica. No caso das recritalizações, as curvas demonstraram que o atenolol e o maleato de enalapril, ambos em suas formas padrão, apresentaram maior estabilidade térmica quando comparados com seus produtos de recristalização e o besilato de anlodipino quando recistalizado em metanol com tetrahidrofurano (50% v/v), obteve um ganho na estabilidade térmica se comparado com o mesmo na forma padrão. Através da análise das bandas de absorção nos espectros de FTIR e da análise da posição dos picos dos difratogramas de raios X, foi possível verificar que não houve indícios de polimorfismo, exceto pela formação de um solvatomorfo do besilato de anlodipino quando recristalizado em metanol. Os resultados obtidos pelo acoplamento das técnicas de termogravimetria e espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier permitiram analisar os compostos voláteis liberados durante a degradação térmica dos fármacos padrões
Abstract: In this work, it was done a study or the thermal behaviour and the characterization of the crystaline forms of the anthypertensives: atenolol, amlodipine besylate and enalapril maleate. The characterization of the compounds was done by using the simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), thermogravimetry coupled with the infrared spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffractrometry. The techique Tg-DSC gave information about the thermal stabilization, decomposition process and interaction between the drug and the solvent, used to obtain crystals. The TG-DSC curves showed that the atenolol has a higher thermal stability and the enalapril maleate, less thermal stability. In the re-cristallization case, the curves showed that the atenolol and the enalapril maleate, both in their standard forms, presented bigger thermal stability, compared to their recrystallization products and the amlopidine besylate, when recrystallized in methanol with tetrahydrofuran (50% v/v) obtained a gain in its thermal stability when compared to itself in the standard form. Through the absorption bands discplacement in the FTIR spectra and of the analysis of the intensity and position of the X-ray powder diffraction peaks, it was possible to verify that there weren't any evidences of polymorphism. The obtained results by the couplind of the techniques of thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy permitted to defect of the possible valatile compounds released during the thermal degradation of the drugs standards
Mestre
Elias, Gracieli Prado. "Efeito da hipertensão e do atenolol sobre a atividade salivar e a microdureza dental : estudo experimental em filhotes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR) /." Araçatuba, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104235.
Full textBanca: Maria Luiza Nunes Mamede Rosa
Banca: Robson Frederico Cunha
Banca: Isabela Almeida Pordeus
Banca: Ronaldo Célio Mariano
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade das glândulas salivares, a mineralização dental e a participação da metaloproteinase de matriz (MMP-9) nesta mineralização em filhotes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR) tratadas ou não com atenolol. Ratas SHR e normotensas Wistar foram tratadas com atenolol (100mg/Kg/dia, via oral) durante os períodos de prenhez e lactação. Os grupos controle receberam o mesmo volume de água sem atenolol. O fluxo salivar, induzido por nitrato de pilocarpina, a concentração de proteínas (método de Lowry), a atividade da amilase (método cinético a 405 nm), o peso das glândulas salivares (parótidas, submandibulares e sublinguais), a microdureza do esmalte e da dentina de incisivos e molares e a expressão da MMP-9 (imonuperoxidase) no tecido dental foram comparados entre filhotes de ratas SHR e Wistar tratadas ou não com atenolol. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste estatístico mais adequado, paramétrico (ANOVA ou test t de Student's) ou não paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis), sendo consideradas significativas as diferenças quando p<0,05. Filhotes SHR apresentaram menor fluxo salivar e concentração de proteínas do que filhotes Wistar, mas a atividade da amilase não foi diferente entre os grupos. O peso das glândulas salivares foi semelhante entre filhotes SHR e Wistar...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of the present study was analyzed the salivary activity, the dental mineralization and the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) on this mineralization, in pups (30 days) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated, or not treated, with atenolol. Female SHR and normotensive Wistar rats were treated during pregnancy and lactation periods with Atenolol 100mg/Kg/day by oral administration. For the control group, the animals received the same water volume without the drug. The salivary flow rate (stimulated by pilocarpine injection), the protein concentration (Lowry method), salivary amylase activity (kinetic method at 405 nm), the weight of salivary glands (parotid, submandibular and sublingual), the enamel and dentin microhardness of incisors and molars teeth and the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B) localization (imunoperoxidase) in dental tissue were compared between SHR and Wistar pups of female rats treated or not with atenolol. The results were analyzed by parametric (ANOVA or Students tests) or non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis) tests (p<0,05). The salivary flow rate and salivary protein concentration were reduced in SHR pups. There was no alteration in amylase activity between groups. The salivary glands weight was not different between SHR and Wistar pups either. Decreased enamel and dentin microhardness were observed in incisors and molar teeth of SHR pups. No alterations in MMP-9 positive staining were observed in predentin and odontoblasts of both groups, however the density of stained ameloblasts cells and external enamel surface were higher in incisors teeth of SHR pups. Atenolol-treated SHR and Wistar rats pups showed decrease in submandibular gland weight, in salivas flow rate and protein concentration, but no alteration in amylase activity. Atenolol increased enamel and dentin microhardness of incisors teeth of SHR and...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Doutor
Rossitto, Lopez Josie Jovita. "Beta-adrenergic Blockade Via Atenolol and Its Effects on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Renal Morphology in the Developing Chicken Gallus Gallus Domesticus." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc177248/.
Full textKingsbury, Martyn Pearce. "An investigation of the cardiovascular effects of the chronic administration of atenolol and nitrendipine given alone and in combination." Thesis, University of Bath, 1989. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235428.
Full textBenedix, Gisela. "Das zirkadiane Verhalten der Herzfrequenz und des Blutdruckes unter dem Betarezeptorenblocker Nebivolol ein intraindividueller Vergleich mit Atenolol, Bisoprolol und Metoprolol /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/183/index.html.
Full textKent, Agnieszka Magdalena. "Effects of Atenolol, Ivabradine and Pimobendan on Left Atrial and Left Atrial Appendage Function: An Echocardiographic Study in Healthy Cats." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306770389.
Full textPinto, José Manuel Romão Vieira. "Avaliação da eficiência de remoção do contaminante de origem farmacêutica atenolol pela planta phragmites australis em leitos construídos de macrófitas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19742.
Full textBertucci, Daniela Vendrame [UNESP]. "Estudo sobre o efeito do atenolol na mineralização de dentes e ossos de filhotes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR) e normotensas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95467.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O tratamento da hipertensão durante a gravidez visa diminuir os riscos maternos e fetais. Entre os diferentes tipos de anti-hipertensivos que podem ser utilizados durante este período, estão os antagonistas dos receptores β-adrenérgicos. O atenolol é um antagonista seletivo de receptores 1-adrenérgicos que atravessa a barreira placentária e é excretado no leite materno chegando com facilidade ao feto de mães tratadas e aos recém-nascidos amamentados. Embora vários estudos em humanos e animais tenham avaliado os efeitos tóxicos do atenolol no período pré-natal (alterações placentárias, retardo de crescimento intra-uterino, diminuição do peso fetal) e pós-natal (diminuição do ganho de peso), pouca atenção foi direcionada aos efeitos do atenolol sobre os tecidos mineralizados, quando administrado durante a organogênese e o período pós-natal. Estudos clínicos e experimentais têm sugerido a participação do sistema nervoso autônomo simpático (SNS) no metabolismo ósseo e no crescimento dental. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se o tratamento com atenolol de ratas hipertensas (SHR) e normotensas (Wistar) durante a prenhez e lactação altera a formação dental e óssea dos filhotes. Filhotes de ratas Wistar e SHR não tratadas e tratadas com Atenolol (100mg/kg,v.o) foram sacrificados aos 30 dias de vida e as análises da densidade mineral óssea (DMO), comprimento e largura e de microdureza foram feitas nos dentes incisivos inferiores, crista óssea alveolar, fêmur, tíbia e 4a vértebra lombar (L4). As imagens digitais foram obtidas em placas ópticas, lidas em escaner a laser e analisadas no programa de computador Digora. As medidas do comprimento e largura foram feitas nas mesmas imagens utilizadas para a análise da DMO, com uso do mesmo programa de computador. A leitura da microdureza do esmalte foi realizada em microdurômetro HMV-2 Shimadzu...
Treatment of hypertension during pregnancy aims at reducing the risks for mother and foetus. Among the different types of antihypertensive drugs that may be used during this period are the β-adrenergic antagonists. Atenolol is a selective antagonist towards 1-adrenergic receptors, which crosses the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk coming easily to the fetus of treated mothers and breastfed newborns. Although several studies in humans and animals have evaluated the toxic effects of atenolol in prenatal (placental changes, intrauterine growth-retardation, decreased fetal weight) and postnatal (decreased weight gain) periods, little attention has been directed to the effects of atenolol on mineralized tissues, when administered during organogenesis and postnatal period. Clinical studies with humans and experimental studies with animals have suggested the involvement of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system (SNS) in bone metabolism and in dental growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether treatment of hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive ones (Wistar) during pregnancy and lactation with atenolol alters bone and dental formation of puppies. Offspring of female Wistar and SHR rats untreated and treated with Atenolol (100 mg / kg, per day) were sacrificed at 30 days and the analyses of bone mineral density (BMD), length and width, and microhardness were made in their lower incisor teeth, alveolar bone crest, femur, tibia and 4th lumbar vertebra (L4). Digital images were obtained with optical plates read in a laser scanner and manipulated in software Digora. The measurements of length and width were performed in the same images obtained for the analysis of BMD, and with the same software. The reading of the enamel microhardness was performed with Shimadzu HMV-2000 microhardness meter. The results were expressed as mean SEM and compared between the groups... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Bertucci, Daniela Vendrame. "Estudo sobre o efeito do atenolol na mineralização de dentes e ossos de filhotes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR) e normotensas /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95467.
Full textBanca: Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
Banca: Carlos Ferreira dos Santos
Resumo: O tratamento da hipertensão durante a gravidez visa diminuir os riscos maternos e fetais. Entre os diferentes tipos de anti-hipertensivos que podem ser utilizados durante este período, estão os antagonistas dos receptores β-adrenérgicos. O atenolol é um antagonista seletivo de receptores 1-adrenérgicos que atravessa a barreira placentária e é excretado no leite materno chegando com facilidade ao feto de mães tratadas e aos recém-nascidos amamentados. Embora vários estudos em humanos e animais tenham avaliado os efeitos tóxicos do atenolol no período pré-natal (alterações placentárias, retardo de crescimento intra-uterino, diminuição do peso fetal) e pós-natal (diminuição do ganho de peso), pouca atenção foi direcionada aos efeitos do atenolol sobre os tecidos mineralizados, quando administrado durante a organogênese e o período pós-natal. Estudos clínicos e experimentais têm sugerido a participação do sistema nervoso autônomo simpático (SNS) no metabolismo ósseo e no crescimento dental. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se o tratamento com atenolol de ratas hipertensas (SHR) e normotensas (Wistar) durante a prenhez e lactação altera a formação dental e óssea dos filhotes. Filhotes de ratas Wistar e SHR não tratadas e tratadas com Atenolol (100mg/kg,v.o) foram sacrificados aos 30 dias de vida e as análises da densidade mineral óssea (DMO), comprimento e largura e de microdureza foram feitas nos dentes incisivos inferiores, crista óssea alveolar, fêmur, tíbia e 4a vértebra lombar (L4). As imagens digitais foram obtidas em placas ópticas, lidas em escaner a laser e analisadas no programa de computador Digora. As medidas do comprimento e largura foram feitas nas mesmas imagens utilizadas para a análise da DMO, com uso do mesmo programa de computador. A leitura da microdureza do esmalte foi realizada em microdurômetro HMV-2 Shimadzu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Treatment of hypertension during pregnancy aims at reducing the risks for mother and foetus. Among the different types of antihypertensive drugs that may be used during this period are the β-adrenergic antagonists. Atenolol is a selective antagonist towards 1-adrenergic receptors, which crosses the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk coming easily to the fetus of treated mothers and breastfed newborns. Although several studies in humans and animals have evaluated the toxic effects of atenolol in prenatal (placental changes, intrauterine growth-retardation, decreased fetal weight) and postnatal (decreased weight gain) periods, little attention has been directed to the effects of atenolol on mineralized tissues, when administered during organogenesis and postnatal period. Clinical studies with humans and experimental studies with animals have suggested the involvement of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system (SNS) in bone metabolism and in dental growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether treatment of hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive ones (Wistar) during pregnancy and lactation with atenolol alters bone and dental formation of puppies. Offspring of female Wistar and SHR rats untreated and treated with Atenolol (100 mg / kg, per day) were sacrificed at 30 days and the analyses of bone mineral density (BMD), length and width, and microhardness were made in their lower incisor teeth, alveolar bone crest, femur, tibia and 4th lumbar vertebra (L4). Digital images were obtained with optical plates read in a laser scanner and manipulated in software Digora. The measurements of length and width were performed in the same images obtained for the analysis of BMD, and with the same software. The reading of the enamel microhardness was performed with Shimadzu HMV-2000 microhardness meter. The results were expressed as mean SEM and compared between the groups... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Freitas, Miller Nunes de. "Desenvolvimento, caracterização e avaliação de um sistema osmótico do tipo bicamada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-27022009-170513/.
Full textThe push pull osmotic release tablets are bilayer core reservoir systems surrounded by semi permeable membrane and with one delivery hole where the drug is released through, following zero order release kinetics. This system has many advantages and two of them are the controlled drug release and independence of physiologically factors allowing many therapeutic applications to new one and known one drugs. This exclusive work proposed the development, characterization and evaluation of atenolol push pull osmotic system that is very important to antihypertensive treatment. After analytical standardization and validation activities, the pre-formulation studies using calorimetric and infra red spectroscopy techniques, manufacturing, semi permeable membrane characterization and finally osmotic tablets performance evaluation were performed. Batches about 4 kg each one were manufactured and tablets average weight, by-layer proportionality and suitable punches were chosen. Thus the osmotic tablets obtained by bi-layer press were physical and chemical evaluated (average weight, hardness, friability, and thickness). After that the tablets were submitted to a coating process with semi permeable membrane and the uptake water profile (Swelling) was observed to characterize the membrane permeability. The semi permeable membrane was submitted also to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption and mercury porosimetry techniques in order to characterize the porous average diameter and distribution. To produce the delivery hole in the drug layer semi permeable membrane the sufficient laser radiation amount was studied and determined. So the perforated osmotic tablets were submitted to in vitro drug release studies to evaluate the influence of hole diameter, hole number, coating thickness, medium hydrodynamic and temperature stress responsible for drug release modifications. Finally the controlled delivery and the zero order drug release kinetics were achieved successfully from osmotic tablets developed and produced in the third bath. This third bath was the result of the factors comprehension and the optimization of the early ones.
Wurtinger, Gabriel [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung des Einflusses körperlicher Belastung auf die Plasmakonzentration endogener Substanzen gesunder Hunde unter der Behandlung mit Bisoprolol, Atenolol oder Benazepril / Gabriel Wurtinger." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068534001/34.
Full textPacca, Sandra Regina Machado de Campos. "Efeitos do atenolol e propranolol na hipertensão e nas alterações morfologicas miocardicas induzidas pela inibição da sintese de oxido nitrico em ratos." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308941.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T15:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pacca_SandraReginaMachadodeCampos_M.pdf: 12752864 bytes, checksum: 1c939232594dee6b0c5f6b349340c5d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Resumo: o óxido nítrico é um importante modulador do tônus vascular. A inibição prolongadade sua síntese, por meio de compostos análogos à L-arginina,tais como o N°O-nitro-L-argininameti! éster (L-NAME),constitui um modelo de hipertensão arterial acompanhado de isquemia miocárdicaem ratos. Neste trabalho, investigou-se, em ratos, o efeito de dois antagonistas dos receptores 13-adrenérgicos, o atenolol (antagonista seletivo 131)e o propranolol (antagonista não seletivo 13),na hipertensão e nas lesões miocárdicas induzidas pela administração crônica (8 semanas) de L-NAME.Para tanto os animais foram divididos em 6 grupos experimentais, (n =15 cada) : 1) Controle (animais que receberam ração e água de torneira); 2) L-NAME(animaisque receberam apenas L-NAMEna dose de 20 mg/rato/dia); 3) L-NAME+ propranolol (animais que receberam L-NAMEe propranolol, nas doses de 20 e 30 mg/rato/dia, respectivamente; 4) L-NA-ME+ atenolol (animais que receberam L-NAMEe atenolol, nas doses de 20 e 30 mg/rato/dia, respectivamente; 5) Propranolol (animais que receberam somente o propranololna dose de 30 mg/rato/dia), e 6) Atenolol( animaisque receberam apenas o atenololna dose de 30 mg/rato/dia). A pressão arterial caudal foi medida semanalmente e observou-se que nos animais tratados com L-NAME, houve uma elevação da pressão arterial tempo-dependente. Os pesos corpóreos foram também avaliados semanalmente e os animais do grupo tratado com L-NAME, tiveram um ganho de peso menor em relação aos outros grupos experimentais. Ao final do estudo, os animais foram sacrificados e os corações removidos para avaliação dos pesos cardíacos e posterior análise histológica qualitativa do miocárdio. No coração dos animais tratados com L-NAME, a área média dos cardiomiócitos aumentou e também foram observadas áreas de lesões com magnitudes diferentes entre os animais...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The effects of the f3-blockers propranolol and atenolol were investigated on arterial hypertension, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and ventricular ischaemic lesions in response to long-term administration of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NCO-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in rats. Male Wistar rats received L-NAME (20 mg/rat per day) in the drinking water for 8 weeks. Propranolol (30 mg/rat per day) and atenolol (30 mg/rat per day) were also given in the drinking water concomitantly to L-NAME. Treatment with L-NAME caused a time-dependent increase in tail-cuff pressure, whereas untreated rats remained normotensive during the whole study period. Propranolol or atenolol markedly attenuated L-NAME-inducedhypertension. When given alone, propranolol and atenolol had no significant effect on tail-cuff pressure. A significant increase in the mean crosssectional area of cardiomyocytes (Acel)of left ventricles was observed in LNAME- treated rats, and this was partly attenuated by either propranolol o atenolol...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
Sartori, Elen Julciléia Romão. "Determinação voltamétrica de analitos de interesse farmacêutico utilizando um eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6110.
Full textFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
The development of electroanalytical procedures for acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), propranolol (PROP), atenolol and sildenafil (Viagra®) in pharmaceutical formulations using a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode, square wave and differential pulse voltammetric techniques are described. ASA was directly determined in a 0.01 mol L-1 H2SO4 solution without the need of a previous alkaline hydrolysis step with the BDD electrode and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The analytical curve was linear in the ASA concentration range 2.5 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-4 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10-6 mol L-1. Then, the analytical determination of PROP was carried out in a 0.1 mol L-1 H2SO4 solution using a cathodically pre-treated BDD electrode employing SWV. The analytical curve was linear in the PROP concentration range 2.0 × 10-7 to 9.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 1.8 × 10-7 mol L-1. The determination of atenolol was accomplished in 0.5 mol L-1 NaNO3 (pHcond 1.1 adjusted with concentrated HNO3) on a cathodically pre-treated BDD electrode employing SWV. The analytical curve was linear in the atenolol concentration range from 2.0 × 10-6 to 4.1 × 10-5 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 9.3 × 10-7 mol L-1. Finally, a procedure for the determination of sildenafil in 0.1 mol L-1 H2SO4 on a cathodically pre-treated BDD electrode employing differential pulse voltammetry was developed. The analytical curve was linear in the sildenafil concentration range 7.3 × 10-7 to 7.3 × 10-6 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 4.8 × 10-7 mol L-1.
Neste trabalho, descreve-se o desenvolvimento de procedimentos eletroanalíticos para a determinação de ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS), propranolol (PROP), atenolol e sildenafila (Viagra®) em formulações farmacêuticas utilizando um eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro (BDD) e as técnicas voltamétricas de onda quadrada e pulso diferencial. O AAS foi determinado diretamente em H2SO4 0,01 mol L-1, sem a necessidade da etapa de hidrólise alcalina, com um eletrodo de BDD e voltametria de onda quadrada (SWV). A curva analítica foi linear no intervalo de concentração de AAS de 2,5 × 10-6 a 1,0 × 10-4 mol L-1, com limite de detecção de 2,0 × 10-6 mol L-1. Na sequência, a determinação do propranolol foi realizada em H2SO4 0,1 mol L-1 sobre o eletrodo de BDD pré-tratado catodicamente empregando a SWV. A curva analítica foi linear no intervalo de concentração de propranolol de 2,0 × 10-7 a 9,0 × 10-6 mol L-1, com limite de detecção de 1,8 × 10-7 mol L-1. Ademais, a determinação do atenolol foi realizada em NaNO3 0,5 mol L-1 (pHcond 1,1 ajustado com HNO3 concentrado) sobre o eletrodo de BDD pré-tratado catodicamente empregando a SWV. A curva analítica foi linear no intervalo de concentração de atenolol de 2,0 × 10-6 a 4,1 × 10-5 mol L-1, com limite de detecção de 9,3 × 10-7 mol L-1. Finalmente, foi desenvolvido um procedimento para a determinação do sildenafila em H2SO4 0,1 mol L-1 sobre o eletrodo de BDD prétratado catodicamente empregando a voltametria de pulso diferencial. A curva analítica foi linear no intervalo de concentração de sildenafila de 7,3 × 10-7 a 7,3 × 10-6 mol L-1, com limite de detecção de 4,8 × 10-7 mol L-1.
Ji, Yuefei. "Photochemical and photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPS) in aqueous solution : a case study of atenolol and 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058226.
Full textSelvey, Christine Enid. "Comparative effects of calcium channel antagonism and beta-1 selective blockade on exercise performance in physically active hypertensive patients." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26736.
Full textAndreo, Vagner Caetano. "Estudo dos efeitos da injeção intravascular de drogas vasoconstrictoras, presentes nas soluções anestésicas locais, sobre a pressão arterial de ratos normotensos, hipertensos renais um-rim, um clip (1R-1C) e 1R-1C tratados com atenolol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25142/tde-01062011-093936/.
Full textThe present study was designed to analyze and compare the effects of some vasoconstrictors, injected by intravenous route in the doses of 80, 160, 320, 640 and 1280 ng (epinephrine) or 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 IU (felypressin) upon the arterial pressure of normotensive, 1K-1C hypertensive and 1K-1C rats treated with atenolol. Male Wistar rats weighting 150g were anesthetized with a mixture of equal proportion of ketamine and xylazine by intraperitonial injection (1mL/kg) and 1K1C hypertension was surgically induced by means of partial constriction of the main left renal artery with a silver clip with a 0.25-mm gap. The right kidney was surgically removed. Fourteen days after surgical procedures arterial pressure (AP) was indirectly measured (tail cuff method) to monitor the development of hypertension. Only 1K1C rats with AP more than 150mm Hg were included in the protocol and received by gavage (1mL/d), for the next 14 days, atenolol (90 mg/kg/day). The treatments were carried out always between 8 and 9 AM. Four weeks after the surgical procedure all rats were anesthetized again with the same mixture and a catheter (PE50) was inserted into the left carotid artery and right jugular vein, respectively to obtain a AP register and to inject drugs. The arterial catheter was then connect to the transducer and to computer register system (PowerLab®) using a Chart 5 Pro® software. The AP and heart rate (HR) registered in the first five minutes were considered basal values. The following parameters were registered: minimal hypotensive response, maximal hypertensive response, mean HR and response lenght (duration), in all animals groups, to every injected dose of epinephrine and felypressin. The data were analyzed by two ways repeated measures ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak or Mann-Whitney test, when appropriated. The significance level was 5%. Epinephrine, but not felypressin, presents some hypotensive action with the lowest doses. However, both of them present hypertensive responses of same magnitudes in all groups, with non-significant reduced responses noted in the 1K-1C atenolol group. The HR was significantly lowered by felypressin in the normotensive and 1K-1C atenolol group; this vasoconstrictor agent produced elevated HR in hypertensive rats only with the greatest doses. Epinephrine caused dose-dependent increases in HR in normotensive and 1K-1C without modifying the HR of 1K-1C atenolol treated rats. The felypressin response length were significantly longer than that produced by epinephrine in all groups (p<0,01), indicating a prolonged vasoconstrictor effect. Our results suggest that felypressin has equipotent pressure responses when compared with epinephrine, showing greater extent of action. Considering the administration route, the doses used in this study and the concentration in local anesthetics cartridges, we suggest that felypressin was safe enough to be one of the vasoconstrictors of choice in hypertensive subjects and in those who received atenolol as a medication to lower their pressure.
Hallberg, Pär. "Pharmacogenomics of Antihypertensive Treatment & Clinical Pharmacological Studies of Digoxin Treatment." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5782.
Full textCosta, Irilda de Oliveira. "Estudo de bioequivalência de duas formulações de atenololem voluntários sadios de ambos os sexos e genotipagem dospolimorfismos dos genes eca e cyp2d6*4." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUDB-8CTMX7.
Full textVários foram os fatores envolvidos na adoção de políticas de medicamentos que culminassem com o acesso da população aos mesmos. Sendo assim, com a aplicação da Lei n° 9.787 de 10 de fevereiro de 1999, iniciaram-se os estudos de bioequivalência, que referem-se basicamente à comparação das principais medidas farmacocinéticas observadas no experimento, relativas aos produtos aserem testados. Por outro lado, a farmacogenética estuda as diferençasgenéticas dos indivíduos na biotransformação das drogas. Os polimorfismos genéticos contribuem para a formação de diferentes perfis genotípicos que constituem a base para variações individuais e suscetibilidade aos fármacos. Nesse contexto, foi realizada a validação de método bioanalítico por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (CL-EM/EM) com extração líquido-líquido para o atenolol e foi realizada a genotipagem dos polimorfos dos genes Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina(ECA) e metabolizador com atividade enzimática reduzida de CYP2D6(CYP2D6*4) nos voluntários participantes do estudo de bioequivalência e foram determinadas as respectivas freqüências genotípicas e alélicas. A metodologia bioanalítica validada de acordo com normas do FDA e ANVISA demonstrou-se adequada à avaliação das formulações de atenolol (teste e referência), sendo os medicamentos bioequivalentes. Nos resultados obtidos para os polimorfismos, pode-se concluir que existe diferença entre o medicamento teste e referência, mas essa não comprometeu o resultado da bioequivalência entre as duas formulações.
Wang, Sheng-Fa, and 王盛發. "N-nitroso-atenolol formation and toxic in hypertension patients serum under long term therapy with atenolol." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11145068862838711906.
Full text中山醫學院
生物化學研究所
88
Abstract Atenolol (ANL), a drug for cardiovascular disease, will react with sodium nitrite under acid condition (pH3.5) for 4 hours at 50℃. The product is NO-atenolol (NO-ANL). In this study, Wistar rats were administrated with NO-ANL or ANL by gastric intubation for 4 months. The results showed that the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in animals treated with NO-ANL for two months was significant higher than that of ANL-treated ones. After 4 months of treatment, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) also showed significant difference between two groups. Histological examination revealed that NO-ANL administrations resulted in an increase of lymphocytes in a time-dependent manner. For the cellular toxicity assay, primary-cultured liver cells were treated with NO-ANL (5.0 mM) or ANL (5.0 mM) for 20 hours. The levels of both AST and ALT were found to be significantly higher in the NO-ANL group than the ANL group. On the other hand, the survival rate of former (40.9%) is lower than the latter (60.1%). To observe the DNA damage in single cell caused by the drugs, comet assay was performed to measure the migration of DNA fragments of human cell line clone 9. The results showed that the mean migration distance of NO-ANL treated cells was 4.46±1.99 mm, significantly (p<0.01) longer than the ANL-treated ones (3.25±2.36 mm). This observation indicates that the DNA damage caused by NO-ANL is much severe, forming less condensed comets with longer tailings. Furthermore, NO-ANL was detected by HPLC in 5 out of 29 patients who have been receiving long-term treatment of ANL. For those with detectable NO-ANL also have higher concentration of NO. In summary, NO-ANL, the product of ANL and nitrite, could affect the rat liver function and cause the enzyme indices increases, decrease the survival rate of liver cells and damage cellular DNA in an extent that was more rigorous than ANL. Most importantly, NO-ANL was detectable in the circulation of ANL-treated patients.
林友慈. "Preparation of Potential Prodrugs for Atenolol." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69886871373739030004.
Full text台北醫學大學
藥學研究所
83
Atenolol is well known as a cardioselective β-receptor antagonist and it has clearly demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of hypertension, angina, arrhythmia and myocardial infarction. Among all the blocking agents, it was found that atenolol is more hydrophilic than the others. The low oral bioavailibility of atenolol(50%)is dued to the polar nature of this drug. The aim of this study is to take the advantages of the concept of bioreversible prodrug to syntheze more lipophilic atenolol derivatives and thus the oral bioavailiaility will be enchanced. In order to prepare the ester derivatives of atenolol on the hydroxyl group selectively, the amino function was first protected by formation of an ion-pair with trichloroacetic acid in nonpolar slovent. A series of ester derivatives of atenolol were prepared by incorporating substituents such as acetyl, propionyl, butyryl and benzoyl (1-4) into the β-hydroxy by acyl anhydride or acyl chloride, N-acyl(5,6)and N,O-diacyl (7,8)derivatives were also prepared.On the other hand,the preparation of 2,2-dimethyloxazolidine(9)and 2-phenyloxazolidine(10)derivatives were accomplished by reaction of atenolol with acetone and benzaldehyde respectively 5,6. The oxazolidone derivative (11)was prepared by ethyl chloroformate and triethylamine with atenolol.7. The stability of atenolo prodrugs were evaluated in various pH phosphate buffer solutions by HPLC. All O-acylatenoloesters (1-4) produced N-acylated at pH≦7 by imtramolecular N→O acyl migration whereas in alkaline solutions they underwent simultaneous hydrolysis to atenolo and N-acyl derivatives. The half-lives of degradation of the estersranged from 18 min for compound 1 to 32 min for compound 4 in PH 4 buffer solution. 8,9 In contrast to the esters, all the oxazolidine derivatives of atenolol (9,10) were hydrolyzed to atenolol in buffer solutions. The half-lives of the oxazolidines were about 66 min. 10,11 However, amide compounds 5-8 and oxazolidone compound 11 were found that there is no significant change in any PH conditions. Furthermore, the lipophilicity of the compounds prepared were evaluated in a n-octanol/PH7.4 phosphate buffer system. The partition coefficient of the compounds prepared were 9-68 times more lipophilic than that of atenolol. The enhancement in lipophilicity may be desirable in situations where delivery problem for atenolol are due to its low lipophilicity. The lipophilic atenololo prodrugs may also be useful for design of transdermal delivery preparation.
Castro, Ricardo António Esteves de. "Antagonistas adrenérgicos selectivos beta 1: estrutura do atenolol." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/552.
Full textO atenolol, (4 – [2 – hidroxi – 3 – [(1 – metiletil) amino] propoxi] – benzenoacetamida), é um bloqueador adrenérgico selectivo beta 1 que tem sido utilizado no tratamento da hipertensão, angina de peito e arritmia cardíaca. Apesar de ser um dos fármacos mais vendidas em todo o mundo, existem poucos dados sobre a sua estrutura no estádo sólido. No presente trabalho, o atenolol foi estudado por calorimetria de varrimento diferencial (DSC), termomicroscopia (PLTM), difracção de raios-X, espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e cromatografia líquida de elevada eficiência – espectrometria de massa sequencial (HPLC-MS/MS). Os resultados de DSC revelaram que este composto não é estável a temperaturas próximas do ponto de fusão. Por este motivo, as amostras de atenolol foram mantidas a temperaturas constantes (10ºC antes e depois da temperatura de fusão) durante um certo período de tempo. Os resultados obtidos por FTIR e HPLC-MS/MS mostraram que o atenolol é instável no estado líquido, sendo o grupo amida a parte mais vulnerável da molécula. A velocidade de degradação do atenolol no estado líquido foi determinada através dos dados de HPLC e a identificação do principal produto de degradação realizada por MS/MS. A informação recolhida por estes métodos permitiu estabelecer as condições experimentais para o estudo do atenolol por DSC. O (R,S)-atenolol, selado em cápsulas sob ambiente de azoto, foi estudado por DSC à velocidade de varrimento de 50 ºC/min. As curvas de fusão do (R,S)-atenolol foram decompostas em curvas simples por método de ajuste de curvas. O conjunto de valores de Tpeak obtidos foram distribuídos por clusters, identificando-se cada grupo com uma forma estrutural diferente. Os cristais de (R,S)-atenolol e S-atenolol, obtidos por evaporação lenta de uma solução aquosa de etanol, foram analisados por difracção de raios-X de. O (R,S)-atenolol cristaliza no grupo espacial centrosimétrico C2/c e o S-atenolol no grupo não centrosimétrico C2. Nas células unitárias do (R,S)-atenolol e S-atenolol existem uma e duas moléculas independentes respectivamente. No entanto, devido à desordem, foram identificadas duas conformações moleculares diferentes no (R,S)-atenolol e três no S-atenolol. As conformações presentes no estado sólido para a forma racémica e enantiomérica foram optimizadas ao nível HF/6-31G*, calculando-se as frequências vibracionais com o mesmo nível de teoria. Os espectros calculados foram utilizados para caracterizar as diferenças entre os confórmeros de atenolol. A comparação dos espectros experimentais do (R,S)-atenolol e do S-atenolol com os espectros calculados, conjuntamente com os resultados da deuteração e do efeito da temperatura, permitiu identificar as bandas correspondentes aos grupos funcionais envolvidos em ligações de hidrogénio.
Atenolol, 4 – [2' – hydroxy – 3' – [(1 – methylethyl) amino] propoxy] – benzeneacetamide, is a b1-adrenergic blocker that has been used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia. As one of the best-selling drug it became focus of active research but important properties are still waiting further research. In the present paper the drug was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light thermomicroscopy (PLTM), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The study of atenolol by DSC showed that this compound is not stable at a temperature around its melting point. For this reason atenolol specimens were maintained at temperatures 10ºC below and above the melting point for a certain time. After being submitted to the thermal treatment, the samples were analysed by FTIR and HPLC-MS/MS. The results show that atenolol is unstable in the liquid state, with the amide group being the vulnerable site of the molecule. The rate of degradation of the liquid atenolol was determined from the HPLC data and the degradation products identified by HPLC-MS/MS. These results allowed us to establish the experimental conditions to run DSC curves. DSC fusion curves of (R,S)-atenolol, sealed under nitrogen atmosphere, were studied at a scanning rate of 50ºC/min. The curves were decomposed into single components curves by a peak-fitting method. The set of values obtained for Tpeak are distributed in clusters, each one identifying different structural forms. X-ray diffraction analysis of (R,S)- and S-atenolol crystalline forms, obtained from slow evaporation of an ethanol:water solution, was performed. (R,S)-atenolol crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group C2/c and S-atenolol crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric space group C2. There is one symmetry independent molecule in (R,S)-atenolol crystals and two symmetry independent molecules in S-atenolol. However, due to disorder, two different molecular conformations were identified in the (R,S)-atenolol and three different conformations were isolated in S-atenolol. The conformations of the racemic and enantiomeric atenolol present in the crystal lattice were optimized at the HF/6-31G* level of theory and the vibrational frequencies were determined at the same level of theory. The calculated infrared spectra were used to characterize the differences between the atenolol conformers. Spectra of the (R,S)-atenolol and S-atenolol solid forms were recorded and the bands correspondent to the functional groups were identified with the help of the calculated spectra, fitting analysis, temperature effect and H/D isotopic exchange.
祁崇溥. "Determination of Doping Agents - Atenolol by Gas Chromatographhy/FID." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31617496218495382221.
Full text國立體育學院
運動科學研究所
85
A gas chromatography with flammable ionization detector method was developed for the quantitative analysis of atenolol in urine. The linearity calibration range was 10-125ug/ml (r=0.994). The recoveries were generally greater than 84% in this study. The intraday and interday's coefficient of variations were 2.02 and 3.8, respectively.
Pires, Ana Isabel Ventura Fernandes. "Adsorção de atenolol em carvão activado, nanofibras e nanotubos de carbono." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/58845.
Full textPires, Ana Isabel Ventura Fernandes. "Adsorção de atenolol em carvão activado, nanofibras e nanotubos de carbono." Dissertação, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/58845.
Full textLüdtke, Susanne [Verfasser]. "Auswirkung von Valsartan und Atenolol auf die Produktion von Adipokinen / von Susanne Lüdtke." 2007. http://d-nb.info/988447452/34.
Full textLee, Ping-Ying, and 李秉穎. "Distinct Effects of Atenolol and Carvedilol on Aortic Endothelial Gap Junctions in Hypertensive Rat." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21539308742104947056.
Full text臺北醫學大學
醫學研究所
92
Gap junctions have been known to play a major role in the maintenance of integrity of endothelium and coordination of vasomotor responses between adjacent vascular cells. Our previous work found that aortic endothelial gap junctions are down-regulated in hypertensive rats. Whether such a down-regulation is altered by hypotensive drugs remains unknown. Atenolol and carvedilol, two β-blockers with differential intrinsic properties, are reported to have distinct potential to correct endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. We aim to clarify whether such a diverse effect in restoration of endothelial function involves the regulation of gap junctions. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old) were made hypertensive by adding L-NAME (0.4 g/L) in the drinking water for 8 weeks. In the last week of L-NAME giving, the animals were equally divided into 3 groups. Groups 1 and 2 received either atenolol (100 mg/kg/day) or carvedilol (50 mg/kg/day), respectively. Group 3 did not take any hypotensive drugs. Another 10 age-matched rats receiving neither L-NAME nor hypotensive drugs were designated as Group 4. At the end of experiments, the expression of aortic endothelial connexin37 (Cx37), Cx40, and Cx43 was examined by en face immunoconfocal microscopy. The results showed that tail-cuff pressure in both Groups 1 and 2 is significantly reduced, compared to Group 3 (both p <0.01); but higher, compared to Group 4 (both p <0.01). Gap junctions, as previous reported, are less abundant in Group 3, compared to Group 4 (Total gap-junctional area: Cx37, 59% and Cx43, 35% reduction; both p <0.001). The reduction is attenuated after treatment with atenolol (Group 1 vs Group 3: Cx37, 105% and Cx43, 30% increment; both p<0.01). Treatment with carvedilol leads to a more expression of both connexins (Group 2 vs Group 3: Cx37, 155% and Cx43, 61% increment; both p<0.001), to a level more abundant than Group 1 (for each of Cx37 and Cx43; both p<0.05) and equivalent to that of Group 4 (for each of Cx37 and Cx43; both p>0.8). Cx40, on the contrary, remains stationary between each of the groups. In summary, down-regulation of aortic endothelial gap junctions in hypertensive rats induced by L-NAME is partially recovered by a short-term treatment of atenolol but fully recovered by carvedilol even though the level of blood pressure is not lowered down to a normal level; this suggests that in hypertension state the normalization of endothelial connexins by hypotensive drugs may happen when blood pressure is not rigorously controlled. In addition, the differential regulation of endothelial connexins by different drugs suggests that intrinsic properties other than pressure-lowering effects of hypotensive drugs affect the expression of endothelial gap junctions. These novel findings inspire us to a reconsideration of hypotensive medicines in restoration of endothelial function beyond the simple lowering effect of blood pressure.
Pesant, Stéphanie. "Protection des organes cibles dans l'hypertension à l'aide d'un antagoniste des récepteurs AT1 (losartan) versus un beta-bloqueur (atenolol)." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15494.
Full textValdés, María Eugenia. "Evaluación de compuestos de origen farmacéutico en la cuenca del Río Suquía, efectos tóxicos sobre la ictiofauna." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/16976.
Full textLos contaminantes emergentes de origen farmacéutico han sido objeto de estudio de manera creciente en las últimas dos décadas, principalmente debido a su amplia distribución en los ecosistemas acuáticos y a la capacidad de ejercer efectos en la biota e incluso en la salud humana. En esta Tesis Doctoral se evaluó la presencia y distribución de fármacos y compuestos relacionados en agua y peces del Río Suquía (Córdoba, Argentina), junto al estudio de los efectos de dos fármacos (carbamazepina y atenolol) sobre estos peces, incluyendo biomarcadores de exposición y de efecto. En una primera instancia, fue necesario optimizar una metodología de análisis para 15 fármacos y esteroides en muestras de agua superficial. Esta optimización se logró mediante un paso de limpieza y pre-concentración por extracción en fase sólida (SPE), seguida de separación-detección por cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia, acoplada a espectrometría de masas de alta resolución (HPLC-HRMS, analizador cuadrupolo-tiempo de vuelo). Para el estudio en peces, fue necesario optimizar un método de extracción para carbamazepina y atenolol en pez completo. Este último método se realizó por homogeneización, extracción asistida por ultrasonido, limpieza y pre-concentración de los extractos por SPE. Un método similar de extracción fue aplicado para el análisis del contenido de ambos fármacos y sus metabolitos en distintos órganos de pez (branquias, intestino, hígado, cerebro y músculo). Finalmente, para el análisis de fármacos en peces capturados a campo (sitios contaminados), se utilizó una metodología basada en literatura (Huerta et al., 2013), logrando menores límites de detección mediante la utilización de extracción líquida a presión (ASE), limpieza por cromatografía de permeación en gel (GPC), seguido de separación-detección por cromatografía líquida de ultra eficacia y espectrometría de masas en tándem (UPLC-MS/MS, analizador de triple cuadrupolo). Para verificar la presencia de fármacos y productos relacionados en aguas superficiales de la cuenca del Río Suquía, se llevaron a cabo cuatro campañas de monitoreo. Se definieron seis sitios de muestreo: un sitio de referencia, en el Río Yuspe (cuenca alta), y cinco sitios en la cuenca media y baja del Río Suquía. Los muestreos se realizaron tanto en temporada húmeda como seca, durante el período 2011-2012, para contemplar cambios temporales y espaciales en la cuenca. No se detectaron compuestos de origen farmacéutico en agua superficial (fase disuelta) aguas arriba de la Ciudad de Córdoba. Sin embargo, si se determinó la presencia de fármacos y esteroides aguas abajo de la Estación Depuradora de Aguas Residuales de Córdoba (EDAR)-Bajo Grande, hasta la localidad de Río Primero (70 km aguas abajo de la EDAR), tanto en temporada húmeda como seca. Se detectaron 6 fármacos (atenolol, diclofenac, carbamazepina, oxcarbazepina, ciprofloxacina, enalapril) y 2 esteroides naturales (estrona y dihidrotestosterona) disueltos en el agua. El rango de concentración encontrado varió entre 2 y 481 ng/L. Los contaminantes más frecuentemente detectados fueron atenolol (ATE), diclofenac y carbamazepina (CBZ). También se detectaron 20 fármacos de uso humano y veterinario (psiquiátricos, β-bloqueantes, analgésicos/antiinflamatorios, anticoagulante, diurético, broncodilatador y antiparasitario), en peces (Gambusia affinis y Jenynsia multidentata) recolectados aguas abajo de la EDAR. El rango de concentración hallado en estos peces varió entre 0,4 y 41 ng fármaco/g peso húmedo de pez. Los factores de bioacumulación para ATE, diclofenac y CBZ en los peces estudiados oscilaron entre 12 y 208 L/kg. La temporada seca, que presenta un menor caudal del río, fue la época que mostró mayor concentración de fármacos en el Suquía, tanto en agua como en peces. En bioensayos de laboratorio, se evaluó la bioconcentración (biomarcador de exposición) de CBZ y ATE en peces. Los factores de bioconcentración en G. affinis (pez completo), fueron cercanos a 1 L/kg para CBZ, y menores a 1 L/kg para ATE, luego de 96 h de exposición. Asimismo, se evaluó la bioconcentración de CBZ y dos de sus metabolitos (carbamazepina-10, 11-epóxido y 2-hidroxicarbamazepina) en órganos de J. multidentata, luego de 48 h de exposición. Los factores de bioconcentración de CBZ en distintos órganos de este pez oscilaron entre 5-9 L/kg, siendo cerebro e hígado los órganos que mostraron mayor acumulación del fármaco y los metabolitos estudiados. Como biomarcadores de efecto, frente a la exposición a CBZ y ATE, se evaluaron cambios en el sistema enzimático antioxidante (actividad de las enzimas catalasa, glutatión reductasa y glutatión peroxidasa), de detoxificación (actividad de glutatión S-transferasa), cambios en la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa (neurotransmisión colinérgica), y en la actividad natatoria de J. multidentata. La exposición a CBZ indujo cambios en el sistema antioxidante y de detoxificación de este pez, principalmente en intestino, sumado a activación de acetilcolinesterasa (cerebro, músculo e hígado). Las respuestas de estos biomarcadores de efecto fueron variables según la concentración de CBZ y el tiempo de exposición. El comportamiento natatorio, por el contrario, no mostro un patrón claro de dosis-respuesta. Por otro lado, la exposición de J. multidentata a ATE no produjo cambios significativos en el sistema antioxidante ni de detoxificación. Sin embargo, la exposición a ATE indujo inhibición de acetilcolinesterasa, aumento de la actividad natatoria y del comportamiento exploratorio. De acuerdo a nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer informe de cambios en el comportamiento y en la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa en peces (in vivo) causados por ATE. Asimismo es el primer informe de metabolitos de CBZ en órganos de pez.
Fil: Valdés, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina.
Fil: Wunderlin, Daniel Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentina.
Fil: Bistoni, María de los Angeles. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.
Fil: Bistoni, María de los Ángeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina.
Fil: Toselli, Beatriz Margarita. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Físicoquímica; Argentina.
Fil: Toselli, Beatriz Margarita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba; Argentina.
Fil: Martin, Sandra Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentina.
Fil: Martin, Sandra Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba; Argentina.
Fil: Venturino, Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue; Argentina.
Benedix, Gisela [Verfasser]. "Das zirkadiane Verhalten der Herzfrequenz und des Blutdruckes unter dem Betarezeptorenblocker Nebivolol : ein intraindividueller Vergleich mit Atenolol, Bisoprolol und Metoprolol / vorgelegt von Gisela Benedix." 2002. http://d-nb.info/965228185/34.
Full textAlarcón, Ramírez Liliana Paola. "Estudio de la interacción entre los grupos fosfato del ácido desoxirribonucleico y fármacos modelo que poseen grupos básicos." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/15644.
Full textEl trabajo desarrollado en esta tesis doctoral aborda la caracterización in vitro de la interacción iónica entre los grupos fosfato del Ácido Desoxirribonucleico (ADN), tomado como modelo de ácido nucleico (AN), con las especies protonadas de un grupo seleccionado de fármacos (F) con grupos básicos, a través de la determinación de constantes de afinidad, la reversibilidad de la interacción y el efecto sobre la estructura secundaria de la macromolécula. Comprendió la caracterización en dispersión acuosa de la sal sódica del ADN de esperma de salmón (comercial (ADN-Na) y de referencia (ADN-NaR)), la forma ácida (HADN) y de los complejos ADN-F con Atenolol (At), lidocaína (Li), timolol (Ti), bencidamina (Be) y propranolol (Pr). F con diferentes propiedades básicas, lipofílicas-hidrofílicas y solubilidad. El estudio de las constantes de afinidad (Kpi), a través de la determinación de especies en el equilibrio demostró que, una alta proporción de F se encuentra acomplejado con el ADN por condensación iónica [R-FH+], exhibiendo Kpi del orden de 106. A su vez, el acomplejamiento produce una progresiva disminución del potencial electrocinético negativo con el aumento en la proporción del F acomplejante, lo que es consistente con la formación de los [R-FH+]. Los F fueron liberados lentamente desde los sistemas ADN-F en celdas bicompartimentales, mediante una cinética difusional análoga a la informada con otros polielectrolitos (PE) ácidos, demostrando que los complejos se comportan como reservorios de los F, de manera consistente con el alto grado de condensación iónica. Utilizando dicroísmo circular se observó un comportamiento diferenciado del efecto de la interacción sobre la estructura secundaria del ADN. Esta no se modificó por el acomplejamiento con At, Li y Ti, pero fue significativamente alterada por F más lipofílicos como Be y Pr, revelando modificaciones en la estructura secundaria del ADN de carácter reversible, excepto con el Pr. La caracterización in vitro de las interacciones ADN-F desarrollada en esta tesis, proporciona una base físico-química con proyecciones en varios campos de interés farmacoterapéutico, tales como la identificación in vivo del efecto de las interacciones descriptas sobre la funcionalidad de los AN, la utilización de ADN como portador de F y la transfección intracelular de AN
Alarcón Ramírez, Liliana Paola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas; Argentina.
Manzo, Rubén Hilario. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina.
Panzetta de Dutari, Graciela. María Del Valle Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina.
Longhi, Marcela Raquel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina.
Pino, Gustavo Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Fisicoquímica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba; Argentina.
Cukierman, Ana Lea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Tecnología de alimentos y Procesos Químicos; Argentina.
Battistini, Franco David. "Desarrollo de complejos polielectrolito-Fármaco y su utilización en el diseño de sistemas de liberación modificada." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/17105.
Full textEl trabajo realizado en esta tesis doctoral está enmarcado en el área de tecnología farmacéutica. Comprende la preparación y evaluación químico-farmacéutica y biofarmacéutica de sistemas portadores de fármacos, constituidos por el bio polielectrolito Hialuronano (Hi) neutralizado con fármacos que poseen grupos básicos, para su aplicación en el diseño de sistemas portadores. En una primera etapa se caracterizaron las propiedades de los complejos iónicos del Hi con los fármacos modelo Atenolol, Propranolol y Lidocaína utilizando la sal sódica comercial y la forma ácida del biopolímero. Los complejos en dispersión acuosa fueron caracterizados mediante la determinación del pH, conductividad, potencial electrocinético y reología. Exhibieron constantes de formación (Kpi) con valores entre 104 y 106. La cinética de liberación de los fármacos en celdas bicompartimentales demostró que los complejos se comportan como reservorios del mismo modulando su liberación en presencia de fluidos biológicos simulados. Los complejos en estado sólido fueron caracterizados por FT-IR y difracción de rayos X de polvos. Se presentan como sólidos amorfos estables que son fácilmente redispersables. Sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos, se abordó una segunda etapa en la cual fueron seleccionados fármacos susceptibles de formar complejos iónicos con Hialuronano y que pudieran contribuir a aumentar y/o ampliar sus propiedades terapéuticas. El grupo abarcó: Doxorrubicina (Dx), Verapamilo (Vr), Timolol (TM) y Bencidamina (Be). El complejo Hi-Dx ensayado en cultivos de células neoplásicas, que sobreexpresan los receptores CD44, exhibió una eficacia 3 veces mayor en relación a Dx de referencia. Además el complejo ternario Hi-Dx-Vr ocasionó una mayor internalización de Dx a nivel intracelular respecto al complejo binario. La evaluación de los complejos Hi-TM en el tratamiento de la hipertensión ocular en conejos permitió describir los mecanismos por los cuales se aumenta la eficacia (inicio, intensidad y duración de la acción farmacológica) en relación a formulaciones convencionales. Se obtuvo una formulación sólida estéril del complejo iónico Hi-Be cuya eficacia anti- inflamatoria en equinos está siendo evaluada en la Universidad de Tandil. La experiencia acumulada sobre el Hi como polielectrolito portador permite contribuir a la plataforma tecnológica que sustenta su utilización en el diseño de sistemas portadores de fármacos.
Fil: Battistini, Franco David. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina.
Fil: Manzo, Rubén Hilario. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas; Argentina.
Fil: Manzo, Rubén Hilario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina
Fil: Olivera, María Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas; Argentina.
Fil: Olivera, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina.
Fil: Strumia, Miriam Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Orgánica; Argentina.
Fil: Strumia, Miriam Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos; Argentina.
Fil: Ferreyra, Nancy Fabiana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Fisicoquímica; Argentina.
Fil: Ferreyra, Nancy Fabiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba; Argentina.
Fil: Raba, Julio. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Argentina
BARTOŇ, Jiří. "Účinnost technologie ČOV České Budějovice pro eliminaci farmak." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-156490.
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