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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ATG systems'

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Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Loiola, Rodrigo Azevedo. "Venoconstrição induzida por angiotensina II em ratos normotensos e hipertensos: estudo de mecanismos de ação, localização e expressão de receptores AT1 e AT2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-28012008-103638/.

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Neste estudo, avaliamos e caracterizamos o efeito de Ang II em leito venular mesentérico (LVM) e anéis de veia porta (AVP) de wistar e SHR. A reatividade vascular para Ang II foi estudada na presença e ausência de diferentes antagonistas para elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos na venoconstrição induzida por Ang II. Nossos resultados sugerem que a Ang II induz venoconstrição através da ativação de receptores AT1 e AT2 em Wistar e receptor AT1 em SHR. Essa venoconstrição parece ser contrabalanceada pelo receptor B2 em ambas as espécies. NO contribue para este efeito em wistar e metabólitos da COX em SHR. Há redução da venoconstrição induzida por Ang II em AVP de SHR que pode estar relacionado a redução da expressão protéica de receptores AT2. Esses resultados indicam diferentes mecanismos de regulação do tônus venoso de ratos wistar e SHR em resposta a Ang II que podem ter relevância no controle do retorno venoso e débito cardíaco. In this study we have evaluated and characterized the effect of Ang II in the isolated perfused mesenteric venular bed (MVB) and portal vein rings (PVR) of SHR and wistar rats. Vascular reactivity to Ang II was studied in the absence and presence of different antagonists to elucidate the mechanisms involved in Ang II-induced venoconstriction. Our results suggest that Ang II induces venoconstriction by activation of AT1 and AT2 receptors in wistar and AT1 receptor in SHR. These venoconstriction seems to be counterbalanced by B2 receptor in both species. NO might contribute to this effect in wistar and COX metabolites in SHR. There is a decrease in Ang II induced venoconstriction in PVR of SHR that might be related to the decrease of protein expression of AT2 receptor. These results indicate different mechanisms of regulation of venous tonus of the SHR and wistar rats induced by Ang II that can be relevant in the control of the venous return and cardiac output.

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Varnado, Frank. "The effects on weapon systems' producibility of suspending system development after Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD)." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/40020.

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Gabriele, Lilian Gobbo de Freitas Bueno. "Avaliação dos eixos ECA / ANG II / AT1 e ECA-2 / ANG (1-7) / MAS em fibroblastos de gengiva e ligamento periodontal humanos estimulados por IL-1&#x3B2 e sua contribuição na produção e regulação de citocinas e quimiocinas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25149/tde-07112016-104708/.

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O Sistema renina-angiotensina (SRA) tem sido relatado como um importante modulador de processos inflamatórios e imunológicos, incluindo a doença periodontal (DP). Estudos sugerem neste sistema um eixo alternativo (ECA-2 /ANG(1-7) /MAS) que atuaria como um contra-regulador de efeitos mediados pelo clássico eixo (ECA /ANGII /AT1). Sabe-se que bactérias periodontopatogênicas, como a Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), possuem componentes bioativos de membrana (ex. lipopolissacarídeos-LPS) capazes de induzir uma forte resposta imune no hospedeiro devido à liberação de citocinas nas células, entre elas Interleucina (IL)- 1β. Neste contexto, fibroblastos são as células mais abundantes nos tecidos periodontais e possuem em sua superfície celular receptores necessários para o reconhecimento da invasão bacteriana, ativando cascatas intracelulares, que levam à produção de citocinas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se os eixos ECA/ ANGII/ AT1 e ECA-2/ ANG(1-7)/ MAS contribuem para a produção e/ ou regulação de citocinas inflamatórias (CI) por fibroblastos de gengiva humana (HGF) e ligamento periodontal humano (HPLF) estimulados por IL-1β. Após o pré-tratamento com Losartan e Ang (1-7) ou silenciamento mediado por RNA de interferência (RNAi) de AT1, HGF e HPLF foram estimulados por IL-1β por 3 horas (RNAm) ou 24 horas (proteína). Expressão de RNAm para AT1, MAS, ECA, ECA-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGF-β, CXCL12, RANK-L e OPG foram avaliados por RT-qPCR e das proteínas IL-6, IL-8, ECA e ECA-2 por ELISA. Foi realizado também Western Blot para detecção de AT1 e ECA nos extratos celulares e dosagem de nitrito no sobrenadante das culturas. Ambos os subtipos de fibroblastos mostraram aumento da expressão de RNAm para AT1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α e OPG, quando estimulados por IL-1β. No entanto, apenas em HPLF foi observado aumento para MAS, ECA e TGF-β. Losartan e Ang (1-7) não modularam o transcrito, a secreção de CI e nem a produção de nitrito no sobrenadante das culturas, tanto em HGF como em HPLF. O silenciamento do receptor AT1 reduziu a secreção de IL-6 e IL-8 induzida por IL-1β em cultura de HGF e HPLF e aumentou a expressão gênica de OPG somente em HGF. Estes resultados sugerem que o silenciamento de AT1, mas não o bloqueio farmacológico deste receptor pelo antagonista Losartan, em HGF e HPLF, pode controlar a produção de IL-6 e IL-8, que por sua vez contribuem para a patogênese periodontal. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been reported as an important modulator of inflammatory and immune responses, including periodontal disease (PD). Studies suggest an alternative axis as part of this system (ACE-2 / ANG (1-7) / MAS) that would act as counter-regulatory to the classical axis (ECA / ANGII / AT1). It is known that periodontal bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) have bioactive components in their membrane (such as lipopolysaccharide-LPS) capable of inducing a strong immune response in the host due to the release of cytokines in cells, including interleukin (IL) - 1β. In this regard, fibroblasts are the most abundant cells in periodontal tissues and receptors needed for the recognition of bacterial invasion by activating intracellular cascades that lead to cytokine production. The aim of this study was to determine whether the axes ACE / ANGII / AT1 and ACE-2 / ANG (1-7) / MAS contribute to the production and / or regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IC) by fibroblasts of human gingiva (HGF) and human periodontal ligament (HPLF) stimulated IL-1β. After pre-treatment with Losartan, Ang (1-7) or silencing mediated by RNA interference (RNAi) of AT1, HGF and HPLF were stimulated by IL-1β for 3 hours (RNAm) or 24 hours (protein). Expression mRNA for AT1, MAS, ACE, ACE-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGF-β, CXCL12, RANK-L and OPG was assessed by RT- qPCR and proteins IL-6, IL-8, ACE and ACE-2 by ELISA. Western Blot for the detection of AT1 and ECA and dosage of nitrite was also performed. Experiments stimulated by IL-1β showed a positive control for gene expression AT1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and OPG in HGF and HPLF and MAS, ACE and TGF-β only HPLF. Losartan and Ang (1-7) did not modulate the transcription and secretion of IC and no nitrite production in the culture supernatant of HGF and HPLF. The silencing AT1 reduced IL-6 secretion and IL-8 induced by IL- β in cultured HGF and HPLF and increased OPG gene expression only HGF. These results suggest that silencing AT1, but not pharmacological blockade of this receptor by Losartan in HPLF and HGF, can control the production of IL-6 and IL-8, which in turn contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

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Baptista, Rafaela de Fátima Ferreira [UNESP]. "Vias de sinalização endotelial α2, AT1, e AT2 sobre a reatividade da aorta de ratos após consumo de etanol e exposição ao estresse, isoladamente e em associação". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123759.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:33:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000830123.pdf: 3340415 bytes, checksum: 6ff6732f5faa2204891e545e0e18bd75 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Introdução: o estresse e o consumo de etanol são importantes fatores de risco cardiovascular. Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos da exposição ao estresse e do consumo de etanol, isoladamente e em associação sobre a pressão arterial e a reatividade da aorta torácica in vitro. Métodos: ratos Wistar machos adultos (8- 10 por grupo) foram separados em grupos: controle, etanol (20% de etanol na água de beber por 6 semanas), estresse (contenção 1h/dia 5 dias/semana durante 6 semanas) e etanol/estresse (ambos procedimentos em associação). A pressão arterial sistólica caudal (PAS), a concentração plasmática de corticosterona e a capacidade antioxidante do plasma foram avaliadas. Curvas concentração-efeito à noradrenalina na ausência ou presença de ioimbina (bloqueador-α2), L-NAME (inibidor da sintase do óxido nítrico), ou indometacina (inibidor da ciclooxigenase); à fenilefrina; e à angiotensina II na ausência e presença de losartan (bloqueador-AT1), PD123-319 (bloqueador-AT2), L-NAME, ou indometacina foram obtidas em anéis de aortas intactas e desnudadas de endotélio. Concentração efetiva 50% (CE50) e resposta máxima (RM) foram comparadas entre os grupos utilizando MANOVA/Tukey. P < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: a exposição ao estresse, isoladamente e em associação ao consumo de etanol aumentou a PAS. Estresse ou estresse em associação aumentou as RM à noradrenalina em aortas intactas. Esta hiperreatividade foi abolida pela remoção do endotélio e pela presença de indometacina ou ioimbina, mas não foi alterada pela presença de L-NAME. Por sua vez, o consumo de etanol isoladamente não alterou a reatividade à noradrenalina. As respostas à fenilefrina em aortas com e sem endotélio e à noradrenalina em aortas sem endotélio permaneceram inalteradas independentemente do protocolo. Etanol e estresse, isoladamente e em associação, não alteraram a reatividade da aorta ... Introduction: stress and ethanol consumption are important cardiovascular risk factors. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of stress exposure and ethanol consumption, alone and in association on blood pressure and thoracic aorta reactivity in vitro. Methods: Wistar adult male rats (8-10 per group) were separated into groups: control, ethanol (20% ethanol in their drinking water for 6 weeks), stress (restraint 1h/day 5 days/week for 6 weeks) ethanol/stress (both procedures in association). Caudal systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma corticosterone and plasma antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Concentrationeffect curves to noradrenaline in the absence or presence of yohimbine (α2- blocker), L-NAME (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) or indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor); phenylephrine; and angiotensin II in the absence and presence of losartan (AT1-blocker), PD123-319 (AT2-blocker), L-NAME or indomethacin were obtained from the intact and denuded-endothelium aortas. 50% effective concentration (EC50) and maximum response (MR) were compared between groups using MANOVA/Tukey. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: exposure to stress, alone and in association with ethanol consumption increased SBP. Stress and stress in association increased the MR to noradrenaline in intact aortas. This hyperreactivity was abolished by both removal of the endothelium and the presence of indomethacin or yohimbine, but was not changed by the presence of L-NAME. In turn, the consumption of ethanol alone did not alter the reactivity to noradrenaline. Responses to phenylephrine in aortas with and without endothelium and to noradrenaline in aortas without endothelium remained unchanged regardless of protocol. Ethanol and stress, alone and in association, did not alter the reactivity of intact aorta to angiotensin II. PD123-319 decreased MR to angiotensin II in intact rat aortas of ethanol and ethanol/stress groups compared to the ...

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Baptista, Rafaela de Fátima Ferreira. "Vias de sinalização endotelial α2, AT1, e AT2 sobre a reatividade da aorta de ratos após consumo de etanol e exposição ao estresse, isoladamente e em associação /". Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123759.

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Orientador: Sandra Cordellini Coorientador: Agnaldo Bruno Chies Banca: Luiz Borges Bispo da Silva Banca: Carlos Alan Cândido Dias Júnior Banca: Patrícia de Souza Rossignoli Banca: Andreia Fresneda Gaspar Resumo: Introdução: o estresse e o consumo de etanol são importantes fatores de risco cardiovascular. Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos da exposição ao estresse e do consumo de etanol, isoladamente e em associação sobre a pressão arterial e a reatividade da aorta torácica in vitro. Métodos: ratos Wistar machos adultos (8- 10 por grupo) foram separados em grupos: controle, etanol (20% de etanol na água de beber por 6 semanas), estresse (contenção 1h/dia 5 dias/semana durante 6 semanas) e etanol/estresse (ambos procedimentos em associação). A pressão arterial sistólica caudal (PAS), a concentração plasmática de corticosterona e a capacidade antioxidante do plasma foram avaliadas. Curvas concentração-efeito à noradrenalina na ausência ou presença de ioimbina (bloqueador-α2), L-NAME (inibidor da sintase do óxido nítrico), ou indometacina (inibidor da ciclooxigenase); à fenilefrina; e à angiotensina II na ausência e presença de losartan (bloqueador-AT1), PD123-319 (bloqueador-AT2), L-NAME, ou indometacina foram obtidas em anéis de aortas intactas e desnudadas de endotélio. Concentração efetiva 50% (CE50) e resposta máxima (RM) foram comparadas entre os grupos utilizando MANOVA/Tukey. P < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: a exposição ao estresse, isoladamente e em associação ao consumo de etanol aumentou a PAS. Estresse ou estresse em associação aumentou as RM à noradrenalina em aortas intactas. Esta hiperreatividade foi abolida pela remoção do endotélio e pela presença de indometacina ou ioimbina, mas não foi alterada pela presença de L-NAME. Por sua vez, o consumo de etanol isoladamente não alterou a reatividade à noradrenalina. As respostas à fenilefrina em aortas com e sem endotélio e à noradrenalina em aortas sem endotélio permaneceram inalteradas independentemente do protocolo. Etanol e estresse, isoladamente e em associação, não alteraram a reatividade da aorta ... Abstract: Introduction: stress and ethanol consumption are important cardiovascular risk factors. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of stress exposure and ethanol consumption, alone and in association on blood pressure and thoracic aorta reactivity in vitro. Methods: Wistar adult male rats (8-10 per group) were separated into groups: control, ethanol (20% ethanol in their drinking water for 6 weeks), stress (restraint 1h/day 5 days/week for 6 weeks) ethanol/stress (both procedures in association). Caudal systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma corticosterone and plasma antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Concentrationeffect curves to noradrenaline in the absence or presence of yohimbine (α2- blocker), L-NAME (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) or indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor); phenylephrine; and angiotensin II in the absence and presence of losartan (AT1-blocker), PD123-319 (AT2-blocker), L-NAME or indomethacin were obtained from the intact and denuded-endothelium aortas. 50% effective concentration (EC50) and maximum response (MR) were compared between groups using MANOVA/Tukey. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: exposure to stress, alone and in association with ethanol consumption increased SBP. Stress and stress in association increased the MR to noradrenaline in intact aortas. This hyperreactivity was abolished by both removal of the endothelium and the presence of indomethacin or yohimbine, but was not changed by the presence of L-NAME. In turn, the consumption of ethanol alone did not alter the reactivity to noradrenaline. Responses to phenylephrine in aortas with and without endothelium and to noradrenaline in aortas without endothelium remained unchanged regardless of protocol. Ethanol and stress, alone and in association, did not alter the reactivity of intact aorta to angiotensin II. PD123-319 decreased MR to angiotensin II in intact rat aortas of ethanol and ethanol/stress groups compared to the ... Doutor

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Júnior, Sebastião Donato Silva. "Efeitos sequências do treinamento aeróbio sobre o conteúdo de Ang I, Ang II e Ang (1-7) em diferentes segmentos arteriais de ratos SHR e WKY." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-20102011-113555/.

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A hiperatividade do Sistema Renina Angiotensina (SRA) está intimamente relacionada a hipertensão. Avaliamos os efeitos sequênciais do treinamento aeróbio e sedentarismo sobre a pressão arterial média (PAM), frequência cardíaca (FC) e o SRA vascular em ratos SHR e WKY. Ao início dos protocolos SHR vs WKY apresentaram elevada PAM e FC. Ang II era superior em SHR vs WKY nas artérias renais, femorais e carótidas. O conteúdo de Ang (1-7) em SHR vs WKY era inferior nas renais, superior nas femorais e nas carótidas. O treinamento promoveu já na primeira semana redução de Ang II nas renais e aorta de SHR e WKY, femorais e carótidas de SHR; redução de Ang (1-7) nas renais, carótidas e aorta de SHR e WKY, e femoral de SHR. Redução da PAM foi observada apenas nos SHR a partir da 8ª semana de treinamento, por outro lado SHR e WKY apresentaram bradicardia de repouso na 2ª e 8ª semanas respectivamente. Em linhas gerais o treinamento promoveu imediata, progressiva e mantida redução da Ang II e Ang (1-7) vascular, favorecendo a redução da PAM nos SHR e da FC em ambos os grupos. Hyperactivity of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) is closely related to hypertension. We evaluated the effects of aerobic training and sedentarism on blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR) and vascular RAS in SHR and WKY. At the beginning of protocols SHR vs. WKY showed high MAP and HR. Ang II was higher in SHR vs. WKY renal, femoral and carotid arteries. The contents of Ang (1-7) in SHR vs. WKY was lower in renal than in the femoral and carotid arteries. The training caused a reduction in the first week of Ang II in renal artery and aorta of SHR and WKY, femoral and carotid arteries SHR. And reduction of Ang (1-7) in renal artery, carotid and aorta of SHR and WKY, with reduction only in SHR femoral artery. Reduction of MAP was observed only in SHR from 8 weeks of training, on the other hand SHR and WKY had resting bradycardia at 2 and 8 weeks respectively. In general the training caused immediate, sustained and progressive reduction of Ang II and Ang (1-7) vascular, favoring the reduction in MAP in SHR.

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Metsch, Bram [Verfasser]. "Algebraic Multigrid (AMG) for Saddle Point Systems / Bram Metsch." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045276421/34.

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Dong, Wenfang. "ATC constraints and modelling in global ATM environment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5637.

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The United Kingdom’s Civil Aviation Authority published the national aviation forecast in 2008. The forecast predicts that domestic traffic will increase by 3.5% per year, and that international traffic will grow, on average, by 4.5% during 2010-2020. Based on this prediction, the traffic density will increase dramatically in the future, and airspace will be more and more congested. Usually, there are two potential solutions to deal with this situation: improving the ability of air traffic flow management is one solution; reducing the separation minimum of aircraft is another solution. However, this thesis focuses on the second solution, based on constraints of communication, navigation and surveillance systems (CNS). Cont?d.

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Brown, Glenn, and n/a. "Remote Intelligent Air Traffic Control Systems for Non-Controlled Airports." Griffith University. School of Engineering, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040225.084516.

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Non-controlled airports are literally that - uncontrolled. Safe separation is achieved by pilot vigilance. The consensus of reports on incidences at noncontrolled airports generally conclude that pilots cannot rely entirely on vision to avoid collision and attempts should be made to obtain all available traffic information to enable a directed traffic search. Ideally, a system is required which has the ability to provide advice to all parties to ensure separation minima is maintained. Provision of a such a system would remove a measure of pressure from the pilot to allow that person to devote their attention to their prime responsibility of flying the aircraft. To this end, research on use of intelligent remote advisory systems for non-controlled airports was undertaken with emphasis on those systems which could minimize human resources and associated recurring costs, to provide a measure of repeatability and to provide an acceptable level of safety. A rule based system was developed and evaluated. The evaluation showed that use of a rule based system as the basis of an intelligent remote air traffic control system for non-controlled airports is a viable proposition. In test scenarios, collision hazards were identified and evasion tactics generated. For a full operational system, the application of the rules and definition of the aircraft circuit area may need refining; however, the results are certainly encouraging.

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Brown, Glenn. "Remote Intelligent Air Traffic Control Systems for Non-Controlled Airports." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367276.

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Non-controlled airports are literally that - uncontrolled. Safe separation is achieved by pilot vigilance. The consensus of reports on incidences at noncontrolled airports generally conclude that pilots cannot rely entirely on vision to avoid collision and attempts should be made to obtain all available traffic information to enable a directed traffic search. Ideally, a system is required which has the ability to provide advice to all parties to ensure separation minima is maintained. Provision of a such a system would remove a measure of pressure from the pilot to allow that person to devote their attention to their prime responsibility of flying the aircraft To this end, research on use of intelligent remote advisory systems for non-controlled airports was undertaken with emphasis on those systems which could minimize human resources and associated recurring costs, to provide a measure of repeatability and to provide an acceptable level of safety. A rule based system was developed and evaluated. The evaluation showed that use of a rule based system as the basis of an intelligent remote air traffic control system for non-controlled airports is a viable proposition. In test scenarios, collision hazards were identified and evasion tactics generated. For a full operational system, the application of the rules and definition of the aircraft circuit area may need refining; however, the results are certainly encouraging. Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Full Text

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Hovstam, Anton, and Nils Brante. "Effektivisering av interna transporter : En kvalitativ fallstudie på ATA Timber AB, Moheda." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105329.

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Logistics is a cornerstone of society and a requirement for industries. The performance in logistics and transports within industries reflects on how the world economy looks today. Distributing materials inefficiently can be costly and is therefore a parameter that cannot be ignored. One problem with reaching efficiency in internal transports is knowing which KPIs are relevant, how these KPIs should be measured and how a possible improvement should be implemented. A case study has been conducted at ATA Timber in Moheda as they have identified deficiencies in their internal transports. The transport vehicle the study focuses on are counterbalanced trucks. The deficiencies consist of a low degree of utilization and long transport distances, which in the long run contribute to unnecessarily high traffic at the facility in Moheda. One solution to reduce the long transport distances was to implement a truck whose sole purpose was to drive the longest route repetitively and see how it affected the regular traffic in mileage and utilization rate. Testing of the truck resulted in a lower mileage but also a reduced utilization rate. To ensure an efficient internal transport at ATA Timber's facility in Moheda, a template was produced that forms the basis for a structured approach to further improvements within internal transports. Logistik är en grundpelare för samhället och ett krav för funktionella industrier. Utveckling av logistik och transport sker kontinuerligt och resultatet av detta speglar en stor del av hur världsekonomin ser ut idag. Att distribuera material ineffektivt kan bli kostsamt och är därför en parameter som inte kan bortses ifrån. En del av problematiken i att effektivisera interna transporter är att veta vilka nyckeltal som är relevanta, hur dessa nyckeltal ska mätas och hur en eventuell förbättring ska implementeras. En fallstudie har utförts på ATA Timber i Moheda då de har identifierat brister inom dess interna transport. Den interna transporten som studien syftar till är motviktstruckar. Bristerna utgörs av låg utnyttjandegrad och långa transportsträckor som i förlängningen bidrar till en onödigt hög trafik på anläggningen i Moheda. En lösning på att minska de långa transportsträckorna var att implementera en truck vars enda syfte var att köra en dedikerad rutt repetitivt och se hur denna förbättring påverkade den ordinarie trafiken i körsträcka och utnyttjandegrad. Testning av trucken resulterade i en mindre körsträcka men även en minskad utnyttjandegrad. För att säkerställa en mer effektiv interntransport på ATA Timbers anläggning i Moheda skapades en metod som ligger till grund för ett strukturerat arbetssätt i vidare förbättringar av den interna transporten.

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Clees, Tanja [Verfasser]. "AMG Strategies for PDE Systems with Applications in Industrial Semiconductor Simulation / Tanja Clees." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1186575522/34.

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Rundqvist, Elena. "Automatic safety and speed enforcement systems. An economic study." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14922.

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There is a debate in Sweden if the Automatic Safety and speed enforcement systems (SSS) in Sweden are profitable or not. Cost benefit analysis (CBA) is an excellent tool for determining the economy of traffic safety measures. The parameters of the CBA in this work include: tire wear, fuel consumption, environmental pollution, saved lives and injuries, reduced material damage, time for disputing tickets, time in traffic lines due to accidents, longer time due to lower speed and collected fines and maintained cost for the SSS. The sensitivity analysis shows that the SSS system appears to be profitable and the greatest uncertainty arises from the calculation of saved lives. Each SSS will on average generate a profit of approximately 250,000 SEK annually.

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NABESHIMA, TOSHITAKA, AKIHIRO MOURI, TAKENAO KOSEKI, et al. "A PERMISSION SYSTEM FOR CARBAPENEM USE REDUCED INCIDENCE OF DRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIA AND COST OF ANTIMICROBIALS AT A GENERAL HOSPITAL IN JAPAN." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16026.

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Sofroniou, Chrysostomos. "Roslagsbanan: A capacity comparison between the current ATC system and the implementation of a CBTC system." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302518.

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Communications-based train control (CBTC) aims to improve headways in the railway systems while maintaining or even improving safety. By means of the CBTC systems, the exact position of a train is known more accurately than the traditional signalling systems. It is a continuous, automatic train control system utilizing high-resolution train location determination, independent from track circuits. The system makes use of the telecommunications between the train and track equipment for the traffic management and infrastructure control. Roslagsbanan is a narrow gauge urban railway system that connects Stockholm with the northern suburbs of the city and despite its age and limited capacity, it is one of the most used railways in Sweden. From the beginning, the entire track consisted of single-tracks where the trains had to wait for each other on special meeting tracks. Αn expansion plan is now underway and the authorities are building approximately 22 km of double-track where the trains will be able to meet. All work along the Roslagsbanan aims to increase capacity, safety and accessibility. With more double-tracks and an updated signal system, the risk of traffic disruptions will be reduced and it is possible to have more frequent traffic in the future. This master’s thesis investigates a CBTC implementation in Roslagsbanan according to the current expansion plan and comparisons are conducted between the current capacity of the ATC system. A simulation model is developed that calculates the train’s safe braking curve and safe braking distance and two case studies are examined. The first one: Calculation of the capacity of the train routes and examination a capacity increase by a minimum 20% during rush hour, taking into consideration the current expansion plan in double-tracks. The second one: Calculation of the capacity of the train routes considering double-tracks the entire route. In this way, differences could be seen between the traffic density with single and double-tracks. Several insights were gained during the realization of this project and as well as timetables have been created to visualize the findings of this thesis. The timetable’s regularity time is decreased to a significant degree and more frequent traffic can be accommodated. Furthermore, the capacity is definitely affected by the track/infrastructure design however, it is questionable whether this increase in capacity outweighs the economic factor of expanding the entire route to double-tracks. Kommunikationsbaserad tågkontroll (CBTC) syftar till att förbättra framsteg i järnvägssystemen samtidigt som säkerheten bibehålls eller till och med förbättras. Med hjälp av CBTC-systemen är ett tågs exakta position känd mer exakt än de traditionella signalsystemen. Det är ett kontinuerligt, automatiskt tågkontrollsystem som använder högupplöst tåglägesbestämning, oberoende av spårledning. Systemet använder telekommunikation mellan tåg och spårutrustning för trafikledning och infrastrukturkontroll. Roslagsbanan är ett smalspårigt stadsjärnvägssystem som förbinder Stockholm med stadens norra förorter och trots sin ålder och begränsade kapacitet är det en av de mest använda järnvägarna i Sverige. Från början bestod hela spåret av enkelspår där tågen fick vänta på varandra på speciella mötesstationer. Ett utvecklingsprogram pågår nu och myndigheterna bygger cirka 22 km dubbelspår där tågen kommer att kunna mötas. Allt arbete längs Roslagsbanan syftar till att öka kapacitet, säkerhet och tillgänglighet. Med fler dubbelspår och ett uppdaterat signalsystem minskar risken för trafikstörningar och det är möjligt att ha mer frekvent trafik i framtiden. Detta examensarbete undersöker ett CBTC-genomförande i Roslagsbanan enligt den nuvarande expansionsplanen och jämförelser görs med ATC-systemets nuvarande kapacitet. En simuleringsmodell har utvecklats som beräknar tågets säkra bromskurva och säkra bromssträcka och två fallstudier undersöks. Den första: Beräkning av tåglinjernas kapacitet och undersökning av en kapacitetsökning med minst 20% under rusningstid med hänsyn till den nuvarande expansionsplanen i dubbelspår. Den andra: Beräkning av tåglinjernas kapacitet med tanke på dubbelspår hela rutten. På detta sätt kunde skillnader ses mellan trafiktätheten med enkel- och dubbelspår. Flera insikter gjordes under genomförandet av detta projekt och tidtabeller har skapats för att visualisera resultaten av denna avhandling. Tiden mellan tågen minskas i betydande grad och mer frekvent trafik kan tillgodoses. Dessutom påverkas kapaciteten definitivt av ban-/infrastrukturutformningen, men det är tveksamt om denna kapacitetsökning uppväger den ekonomiska faktorn att utöka hela rutten till dubbelspår.

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Klabunde, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Die Entsprechenserklärung nach § 161 AktG im System des aktienrechtlichen Beschlussmängelrechts / Sebastian Klabunde." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080459839/34.

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Srinivasan, Ganesh Parasuram. "Efficient Production Testing of High-Performance RF Modules and Systems using Low-Cost ATE." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14113.

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The proliferation of wireless communication devices in the recent past has increased the pressure on semiconductor manufacturers to produce quality radio frequency (RF) modules and systems at a low cost. This entails reducing their test cost as well, since the cost of testing modern RF devices can be up to 40% of their manufacturing cost. The high test cost of these devices can be mainly attributed to (a) the expensive nature of the RF automated test equipment (ATE) used to perform wafer-level and fully packaged RF functionality tests, (b) limited test point access for the application and capture of test signals, (c) the long test development and application times, and (d) the lack of diagnostic tools to evaluate and improve the performance of loadboards and test resources in high-volume tests. In this thesis, a framework for the efficient production testing of high-performance RF modules and systems using low-cost ATE is presented. This framework uses low-speed, low-resolution test resources to generate reliable tests for complex RF systems. Also, the test resources will be evaluated and improved ahead of high-volume tests to improve test yield and throughput. The components of the proposed framework are: (1) Genetic ATPG for reliable test stimulus generation using low-resolution test resources: A genetic algorithm (GA) based automatic test pattern generator (ATPG) to optimize the alternate test stimulus for reliable testing of complex RF systems using low-resolution, low-cost test resources. These test resources may be on-chip or off-chip. (2) Concurrent voltage/current alternate test methodology: A testing framework for efficiently testing the high-frequency specifications of RF systems using low-frequency spectral and/or transient current signatures. Suitable on-chip and/or off-chip design-for-test (DfT) resources are used to enable the source and capture operations at lower frequencies. (3) Loadboard checker: A checker tool to accurately characterize/diagnose the DfT resources on the RF loadboards used to enable test of RF devices/systems using low-cost ATE. (4) Advanced test signal processing algorithms: The performance of the low-cost ATE resources, in terms of their linearity/resolution, will be evaluated and improved to enable the accurate capture of the test response signals.

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Ahmadi, Sara. "Role of Circulating Angiotensin II in Activation of Aldosterone production in the Central Nervous System." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20087.

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Elevated circulating Ang II activates neurons in the forebrain cardiovascular regulatory areas to cause sympatho-excitation and hypertension. We hypothesized that circulating Ang II causes neuronal activation in the SFO and thereby activates efferent pathways to the PVN, and chronically causes activation of aldosterone production in magnocellular neurons in PVN and SON, which amplifies neuronal activation in the PVN and central sympatho-excitatory pathways. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of neuronal activation in forebrain nuclei by circulating Ang II and to elucidate where in the hypothalamus Ang II may stimulate aldosterone biosynthesis. Dose related effects of circulating Ang II on BP were first assessed. Wistar rats instrumented with telemetry probes were infused subcutaneously with Ang II 150 and 500 ng/kg/min for 14 days. The subcutaneous infusion of Ang II at 150 ng/kg/min increased blood pressure gradually up to 20 mmHg and at 500 ng/kg/min up to 60 mmHg. Ang II at 500 ng/kg/min increased plasma Ang II by 4-fold. To assess effects of circulating Ang II on CNS pathways, Wistar rats were implanted subcutaneously with minipumps infusing 150 and 500 ng/kg/min Ang II for 1, 4 and 14 days. Three patterns of neuronal activation were observed by sc infusion of Ang II. The SFO was activated during the first day and remained activated for 4 days, but at 14 days showed diminished activation. MnPO did not show significant activation during the first day but, after several days the activation was high and then less by 14 days. Parvocellular PVN (pPVN), magnocellular PVN (mPVN) and SON showed an initial activation that increased over time. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of an aldosterone synthase inhibitor or a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker attenuated the increase in Fra expression in PVN but not SON, and prevented the decrease in SFO after 14 days infusion of Ang II. A significant increase in mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), a rate limiting enzyme in aldosterone production was found in glia cells of PVN and SFO assessed by rt-PCR after 3 days subcutaneous infusion of Ang II at 500 ng/kg/min. Total expression of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) mRNA was increased in SFO, MnPO, SON and PVN after 3 days of infusion of Ang II. After 14 days no significant changes were observed in the expression of StAR or CYP11B2 mRNA. In comparison, in adrenal StAR mRNA expression increased after 3 days but no longer after 14 days. In contrast, CYP11B2 mRNA expression in adrenal increased after both 3 and 14 days of infusion. These findings may support our hypothesis that chronic elevation of circulating Ang II increases neuronal activity in CVOs, presumably leading to activation of the PVN and SON to induce an increase in aldosterone production in magnocelular PVN and SON. In the second phase activation of CVOs appears to diminish, but an aldosterone-dependent amplifying mechanisms, causes sustained activation of the PVN and thereby hypertension.

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Cooper, Andrea Claire. "The renin angiotensin system in the human placenta throughout gestation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312204.

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Sprafke, Susanne [Verfasser]. "Diskriminierungsschutz durch Kontrahierungszwang. Vertragsabschlusspflicht aus § 21 AGG im System der Kontrahierungspflichten / Susanne Sprafke." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1056947756/34.

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Blakeley, Hillary Joy Keele N. Bradley. "Functional roles of arg-vasopressin and oxytocin on cellular excitability in neurons of the rat lateral amygdala." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5127.

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Dirickson, Yuri Maximilian Rottner. "Metodologia de análise de impacto em segurança crítica da automação das tarefas do controlador de tráfego aéreo da torre de controle de aeródromo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-29082016-135810/.

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Com o crescimento contínuo na utilização da aviação como meio de transporte de pessoas e carga, o sistema de gerenciamento de tráfego aéreo (ATM) está no limite de sua capacidade. Para lidar com esse problema, a Organização de Aviação Civil Internacional (OACI), junto com diversos países membros, desenvolveu um novo conceito de ATM chamado CNS/ATM, composto de uma série de melhorias tecnológicas para melhorar a capacidade e desempenho do sistema, onde muitas dessas melhorias são automatizações de tarefas de operadores humanos, pilotos e controladores de tráfego aéreo (ATCo). Com o tempo percebeu-se que apenas avanços tecnológicos não seriam o suficiente, que era necessário uma integração maior entre todos os sistemas ATM, que garantisse uma interoperabilidade entre os sistemas. Portanto, o conceito CNS/ATM evoluiu para o conceito ATM Global, onde o planejamento de modernização se dará de forma integrada e global, incluindo muitas das melhorias previstas no conceito CNS/ATM. Essa mudança de paradigma faz surgir diversas questões de como essas mudanças impactarão no atual sistema, do ponto de vista econômico, ambiental, desempenho e segurança. Para entender os perigos envolvidos na execução dessas novas tarefas, utilizam-se diversas técnicas e modelos clássicas como a Análise de Árvores de Falhas (FTA) ou a Análise de Árvore de Erros (ETA). Essas técnicas tradicionais consideram que acidentes são causados por uma sequência de eventos de falha, todos com uma relação de causa e efeito. Essa suposição não é considerada mais suficiente para entender como acidentes acontecem nos sistemas mais atuais, onde cada vez mais eles se tornam mais complexos e mais dependentes da interação com softwares. Para lidar com essa dificuldade foram criados alguns modelos para entender acidentes utilizando a teoria de sistemas, como exemplo o Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Proccesses (STAMP). Diversos estudo mostram que esses modelos ou métodos são capazes de representar problemas na estrutura de controle que as técnicas mais tradicionais não conseguem, inclusive incluindo fatores organizacionais na sua representação. Considerando todos esses fatos, este trabalho de investigação científica propõe uma metodologia de análise de impacto em segurança crítica da automação das tarefas dos ATCo de uma torre de comando de aeródromo (TWR). A metodologia consiste na modelagem dos perigos e acidentes envolvidas nas tarefas do ATCo da TWR utilizando o modelo sistêmico STAMP) depois na análise subsequente dos cenários antes da automação e depois da automação utilizando a técnica Systems-Theoretic Proccess Analysis (STPA), criada a partir do STAMP, para levantar os fatores causais de perigos e seus requisitos de segurança em cada cenário, de forma a ser possível obter uma comparação do que foi modificado com a automação proposta das tarefas. Para validar a metodologia, foi analisada uma tarefa do ATCo da TWR como exemplo. Espera-se obter com a metodologia proposta uma forma mais objetiva e sistêmica de obter o possível impacto em termos de segurança crítica da automação de uma tarefa específica, sendo possível então determinar qual a melhor forma de se pensar essa automação no contexto do ATCo, podendo assim contribuir para a modernização segura do sistema ATM. With the increasing growth of aviation as mode of transportation for people and cargo, the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system is on its limits. In order to cope with that, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), together with country members, developed a new ATM concept called CNS/ATM, bearing several technological improvements with the objective of enhancing capacity and performance of the system, where many of these improvements are automated tasks of human operators, pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCo). In time, it was seen that technological improvements were not enough it was necessary a greater integration between all ATM systems, which would guarantee an interoperability between them. Therefore, the CNS/ATM concept evolved to a Global ATM concept, in which the modernization plan would occur globally and integrated, including many of the improvements of the CNS/ATM concept. This paradigm shift raised several questions on how these changes would affect in the actual system from an economic, environmental, performance and safety points of view. To understand the hazards of the new tasks, several traditional techniques and models are used, like Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Error Tree Analysis (ETA). These traditional techniques see accidents because of a chain of failure events, all with an effect-cause relation. This assumption is no longer considered enough in order to understand how accidents occur in actual systems, which became more complexes and more software dependents. To cope with this difficulty, other models were created to understand accidents using systems theory, for example the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP). Several studies show that these models or methods are capable of finding more problems in control structure that the traditional techniques, including organizational factors. Considering all the facts, this scientific investigation propose a methodology for analysis of the impact on safety for the automation of ATCo from Control Tower (TWR) tasks. This methodology consists in modeling the accidents and hazards of the TWR ATCo tasks using STAMP. Then the Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) technique, created for STAMP, is used to gather all causal factors for hazards and its safety requirements in each scenario, in order to compare what changed with the automation of tasks. The objective of proposed methodology is to obtain a systemic and objective way of finding the possible impact on safety from the automation of a specific task, enabling the possibility of determining the best way of designing the automation in the context of ATCo, contributing to the safe modernization of ATM system.

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O'Sullivan, C. "Investigating whether the Johns Hopkins ACG case-mix system explains variation in UK general practice." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1335909/.

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This thesis describes the first large-scale studies in the United Kingdom to adjust for diagnostic-based morbidity when examining variation in home visits, specialist referrals and prescribing patterns in general practice. The Johns Hopkins ACG Case-Mix System was used since each patient’s overall morbidity is a better predictor of health service resource use than individual diseases. A literature review showed large variations in resource use measures such as consultations, referrals and prescribing practice patterns in general practice both in the UK and elsewhere and highlighted inappropriate use of statistical methodology that has the potential to produce misleading and erroneous conclusions. The review presents a strong argument for adjusting for diagnostic based morbidity when comparing variation in general practice outcomes in the UK. Multilevel models were used to take account of clustering within general practices and partition variation in general practice outcomes into between and within practice variation. Statistical measures for appropriately dealing with the challenging methodological issues were explored with the aim of producing results that could be more easily communicated to policy makers, clinicians, and other healthcare professionals. The datasets used contained detailed patient demographic, social class and diagnostic information from the Morbidity Statistics in General Practice Survey and the General Practice Research Database. This research shows that a combination of measures is required to quantify the effect of model covariates on variability between practices. Morbidity explains a small proportion of total variation between general practices for the home visit and referral outcomes but substantially more for the prescribing outcome compared to age and sex. Most of the variation was within rather than between practices.

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Williams, Robert Francis. "The theory, design, development and evaluation of the MarkIT automated essay grading system." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1870.

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The research presented in this exegesis relates to the design, development and testing of a new Automated Essay Grading (AEG) system. AEG systems make use of Information Technology (IT) to grade essays. The major objective for AEG system developers is to build systems that grade as well as, or exceed the accuracy of, human graders.This research discusses the main theories that currently underpin existing systems. It then discusses a new theoretical concept, the Normalised Word Vector (NWV), which has been developed and tested during this research. This exegesis also synthesises into a cohesive discourse seven of the author’s papers on the NWV and related issues published during the period 2002 to 2007. The papers can be grouped into three themes as follows: the theory of NWV and related matters, the development of the system, and the testing of the system.Thirteen existing AEG systems have been identified in this research. Each system has its own set of unique features; some focus on grading for essay writing style, others for essay content, and others attempt to consider both aspects in assigning a score to an essay. The type and amount of feedback on an essay also varies amongst the systems; some provide feedback on essay mechanics and others provide feedback on missing content. The MarkIT system described in this exegesis primarily grades for essay content, with a secondary focus on style. It has the unique feature, which distinguishes it from the other systems, of providing interactive visual feedback on essay content. This enables the teacher and student to discuss how the essay can be improved to obtain a higher grade.In brief, the theory of the NWV is as follows. The words in an essay are ‘normalised’ to their root concepts in a thesaurus. The number of times these concepts occur in the essay (the counts) are then used to build the coordinates of the vector in the vector space induced by all the concepts in the thesaurus. This adaptation of the theory used for many years in the document retrieval industry enables very fast comparison of essay content, and enables MarkIT to grade in real time.In essence the system works by mathematically modelling, using multiple linear regression, the grading criteria used by human graders for a given essay. These criteria are extracted from a set of training essays, and include items such as the number of words, the number of nouns, the number of verbs, the number of adjectives, and the number of adverbs. The model is then used to grade the essays not previously graded by humans. It does this by measuring the predictor factors in the ungraded essays, and then applying the multiple regression equation. The cosine of the angle between the NWV for a student essay and the NWV for a model answer is often one of the significant predictor variables.The system has been tested with 390 Year 10 high school essays, of about 400 words in length, on the topic of ‘The School Leaving Age’. The correlation of grades amongst the human graders was 0.81, and the system scores matched this correlation of the human graders.

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Reckhouse, William. "Optimisation of short term conflict alert safety related systems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3154.

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Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA) is an automated warning system designed to alert air traffic controllers to possible loss of separation between aircraft. STCA systems are complex, with many parameters that must be adjusted to achieve best performance. Current procedure is to manually ‘tune’ the governing parameters in order to finely balance the trade-off between wanted alerts and nuisance alerts. We present an incremental approach to automatically optimising STCA systems, using a simple evolutionary algorithm. By dividing the parameter space into regional subsets, we investigate methods of reducing the number of evaluations required to generate the Pareto optimal Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Multi-archive techniques are devised and are shown to cut the necessary number of iterations by half. A method of estimating the fitness of recombined regional parameter subsets without actual evaluation on the STCA system is presented, however, convergence is shown to be severely stunted when relatively weak sources of noise are present. We describe a method of aggressively perturbing parameters outside of their known ‘safe’ ranges when complex inhibitory interactions are present that prevent an exhaustive search of permitted values. The scheme prevents the optimiser from repeating ‘mistakes’ and unnecessarily wasting evaluations. Results show that a more complete picture of the Pareto-optimal ROC curve may be obtained without increasing the number of necessary iterations. Efficacy of the new methods is discussed, with suggestions for improving efficiency. Sources of parameter interdependence and noise are explored and where possible mitigating techniques and procedures suggested. Classifier performance on training and test data is investigated and potential solutions for reducing overfitting are evaluated on a toy problem. We comment on potential uses of the ROC in characterising STCA performance, for comparison to other systems and airspaces. Many industrial systems are structured in a similar way to STCA, we hope that techniques presented will be applicable to other highly parametrised, expensive problem domains.

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Switzer, Earl R., and Amy D. Fleishans. "Progress in Global Air Traffic Management (GATM) Avionics System Test at the Air Force Flight Test Center." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606465.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada This paper presents a progress report on Global Air Traffic Management (GATM) avionic system test activities at the Air Force Flight Test Center. In many parts of the world today the continuing growth of commercial air traffic is running up against limits brought on by overuse of aviation resources. Air corridors in Europe and on transoceanic air routes are operating at maximum capacity. Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs) are working these challenges on two levels—near-term incremental improvements and long-term visionary changes. Each country has a CAA; ours being the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Near-term solutions focus on better utilization of resources such as air space and frequency spectrum and improved performance of air traffic control facilities. Long-term visionary changes, such as free flight, could fundamentally change the current civil aviation business process model. CAA policies and standards are driving near-term improvements and migration toward long-term objectives. This initiative is referred as Communication Navigation Surveillance/Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM). Implementation of the U.S. military’s vision, Global Reach/Global Power, requires the ability to rapidly deploy armed forces to major regional conflicts anywhere in the world, and to sustain these forces for as long as it takes to resolve these conflicts. To achieve this goal and accomplish rapid deployments while at the same time minimizing costs, the Air Force has adopted a solution that makes extensive use of CNS/ATM. The Air Force calls its initiative Global Air Traffic Management (GATM). Air Force aircraft equipped with GATM avionics will be able to use CNS/ATM capabilities such as reduced vertical separation minimum (RVSM), 8.33 kHz data links, automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast (ADS-B), and global communication networks. These capabilities make possible improved flight safety, lower fuel costs, and quicker turn times. The Air Force Flight Test Center supports the GATM initiative by providing Air Traffic Control (ATC) Communications Test Facilities and Avionic System Test (ACTFAST) capabilities to support aircraft modification programs.

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Kurylovych, Oleksandr Yuriyovich. "Flight information service in Ukraine." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/41877.

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Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 21.01.2020 р. №008/од "Про перевірку кваліфікаційних робіт на академічний плагіат 2019-2020р.р. навчальному році" . Керівник проекту: доцент, Луппо Олександр Євгенійович Flight information region (FIR) is a specified region of airspace in which a flight information service and an alerting service are provided. It is the largest regular division of airspace in use in the world today. Flight information regions established throughout all territory of the country. That why it is very important to provide flight information service in the best way. Flight information service is a form of air traffic service that is available to any aircraft within a flight information region (FIR), as agreed internationally by ICAO. It is defined as information pertinent to the safe and efficient conduct of flight, and includes information on other potentially conflicting traffic, possibly derived from radar, but stopping short of providing positive separation from that traffic. Flight information service does not relieve the pilot from any responsibility. Pilot is definitively responsible for the safe execution of flight. This service has a lot of potential FIR risks and issue topics are how air traffic controllers and systems maintain standard aircraft separation during transitions/handovers between adjacent FIRs or FIR sectors. Another is unanticipated flight path changes for weather-related rerouting/flight level changes, emergencies, diversions, etc. Other potential issues are the risks in ATC management of dynamic airspace boundaries, airspace reconfigurations, and integrating legacy technologies The number of flights in FIRs is growing up and it means that quantity of work also increases. FIC needs to have controllers with the best professional qualities. Training process must be improved for such purposes. That is why I decided to show this problem and propose development paths.

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MAAREK, ALAIN. "Utilisation du systeme informatique atb plus dans le laboratoire de parasito-mycologie de l'hopital de la timone." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20910.

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Barauna, Valerio Garrone. "ECA e receptor AT1 participam da mecanotransdução de sinais hemodinâmicos independentemente da angiotensina II." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-10032010-115936/.

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No sistema cardiovascular, modificações de pressão e shear stress devido ao fluxo sanguíneo influenciam a morfologia e a patofisiologia dos vasos sanguíneos e do coração. Neste trabalho, estudamos o papel de duas moléculas transmembrânicas do Sistema Renina-Angiotensina: a Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina (ECA) e o Receptor de Angiotensina do tipo I (AT1) como mecanosensoras e mecanotransdutoras dessas forças físicas. A ECA foi por muito tempo conhecida somente por sua ação em converter Angiotensina I em Angiotensina II e por inativar a Bradicinina. Recentemente foi demonstrado que a ECA, além dos efeitos enzimáticos já conhecidos, pode ter sua cauda citoplasmática fosforilada e desencadear vias de sinalização intracelular. Observamos que o shear stress, mas não o estiramento, induziu a diminuição da fosforilação da porção citoplasmática da ECA após 5 minutos de estímulo e se mantém até 18 horas. Demonstramos também que a porção extracelular da ECA tem papel fundamental como mecanosensora e que a via intracelular da JNK participa da mecanotransdução em resposta ao shear stress. Além disto, demonstramos que a diminuição da fosforilação da ECA está associada na diminuição da sua expressão pelo shear stress. O receptor AT1 é a principal molécula efetora das ações da angiotensina II. Recentemente foi demonstrado que esse receptor pode também ser ativado por forças físicas, estiramento celular, independentemente da presença da angiotensina II. No presente estudo, observamos que o receptor AT1 é ativado pelo shear stress e que o Candesartan, mas não o Losartan, é capaz de impedir esta resposta. A via intracelular ativada é dependente de proteína-G e da entrada de cálcio do meio extracelular. Interessantemente, a pré-exposicao dos receptores ao shear stress diminuem a responsividade dos receptores ao peptídeo Angiotensina II porém a Angiotensina II não é capaz de inibir a ativação pelo shear stress.. Em conjunto, demonstramos novos mecanismos de ação da ECA e do AT1 que são duas importantes moléculas do sistema renina angiotensina. A modulação destes componentes por estímulos mecânicos traz novas possibilidades de intervenções farmacologicas sobre esse sistema bem como o melhor entendimento da participação dessas moléculas na fisiopatologia cardiovascular. Hemodynamic forces such as pressure and shear stress modulate the patophysiolgy of the cardiovascular system. In this study, we investigated two transmembranic key molecules of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as mechanosensors and mechanotransducers of physical forces: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and Angiotensin II type 1 Receptor (AT1). ACE is an enzyme that converts angiotensin I in angiotensin II. Recently, it was demonstrated that ACE cytoplasmic tail can be phosphorylated by ACE inhibitors and elicited intracellular cell signaling. Here, we observed that shear stress, but not stretch, decreased ACE cytoplasmic phosphorylation after 5 minutes and maintained up to 18 hours. ACE extracellular portion act as mechanosensor and JNK pathway participate in the mechanotransduction activation. In addition, we also demonstrate that decrease in ACE phosphorylation is involved in ACE expression downregulation by shear stress. AT1 receptor is the main effector molecule of angiotensin II cellular responses. It has recently been shown that AT1 receptor can directly be activated by mechanical stretch stress through an angiotensin-II-independent mechanism. In the present study, we observed that shear stress also activates AT1 receptor which is blocked by Candesartan, but not by Losartan. The intracellular pathway activated by shear stress involves both G-protein and extracellular calcium. Interestingly, preconditioning of AT1 receptor by shear stress impairs its responsiveness to angiotensin II while the pretreatment with angiotensin II still allow AT1 responsiveness to shear stress. Altogether, we demonstrated that ACE and AT1 receptor activates intracellular signal in response to mechanical force. This new concept for the RAS, the modulation of these molecules by mechanical forces gives new insigh into the discovery for pharmacological interventions to the RAS

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Al-Ghamdi, Saleh Hashbool. "Human performance in air traffic control system and its impact on safety : an analytical study based on the ATC system in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582619.

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Antoun, Rawad. "Characterization of [11C]Methyl-Losartan as a Novel Radiotracer for PET Imaging of the AT1 Receptor." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19806.

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The Angiotensin II Type 1 (AT1) receptor is the main receptor responsible for the effects of the renin-angiotensin system, and its expression pattern is altered in several diseases. [11C]Methyl-Losartan has been developed based on the clinically used AT1 receptor antagonist Losartan. The aim of this work is to characterize the pharmacokinetics, repeatability and reliability of measurements, binding specificity and selectivity of [11C]Methyl-Losartan in rats using in vivo small animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, ex vivo biodistribution and in vitro autoradiography methods. Also, we aim to measure the presence of metabolites in the kidney and plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. We have demonstrated in vivo that [11C]Methyl-Losartan is taken up in the AT1 receptor-rich kidneys and that it is displaceable by selective AT1 receptor antagonists. Using ex vivo biodistribution, we have confirmed these results and demonstrated that [11C]Methyl-Losartan binds selectively to the AT1 receptor over the AT2, Mas and β-adrenergic receptors. In vitro autoradiography results confirmed these renal binding selectivity studies. [11C]Methyl-Losartan was also shown to have one and two C-11 labeled metabolites in the plasma and kidneys, respectively. In conclusion, [11C]Methyl-Losartan is a promising agent for studying the AT1 receptor in rat models with normal and altered AT1 receptor expression using small animal PET imaging.

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Noal, Lúcio Cantarelli. "Sequenciamento de tarefas em sistemas de pintura balizado por heurísticas do tipo ATC (Apparent Tardiness Cost)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/116650.

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A sobrevivência das organizações em cenários altamente competitivos tem exigido a melhoria da eficiência, flexibilidade e qualidade dos sistemas de produção (DE RON, 1998). Neste âmbito, a programação de tarefas assume grande responsabilidade ao suportar o planejamento e controle da manufatura, garantindo que estes processos estejam alinhados com os objetivos estratégicos das organizações. Esta dissertação aborda a programação de tarefas em sistemas de pintura com tempos de setup dependentes da sequência do processamento. No primeiro artigo é proposta uma sistemática para liberação do tamanho de lote que minimiza a soma dos custos de setup e pintura. Na sequência, os lotes liberados são sequenciados utilizando as regras Apparent Tardiness Cost (ATC) e Apparent Tardiness Cost with Setups (ATCS). Quando aplicado em processo de pintura, o ganho de eficiência da instalação medido através do Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) foi de 32,84%. O segundo artigo propõe uma modificação na regra ATCS através da inclusão de um parâmetro relativo à qualidade de execução do procedimento de pintura. Tal parâmetro é justificado pelo impacto decorrente de falhas no processo de pintura, gerando atrasos de entrega. Esta nova heurística, quando aplicada no mesmo processo de pintura, elevou o OEE em 2,74%, a precisão de entrega em 2,11% e o percentual de embalagens completas ao final do processo de pintura em 8%. The competitive industrial scenarios required companies to improve efficiency, flexibility and quality of production systems (RON, 1998). In this context, job scheduling is deemed important to support planning and control of manufacturing systems. This dissertation addresses the scheduling problem in painting systems where setups depend on the job sequence. The first paper proposes an approach to release batches aimed at minimizing the sum of setup and painting costs. The released lots are scheduled using the Apparent Tardiness Cost (ATC) and Apparent Tardiness Cost with Setups (ATCS) rules. When applied to a painting process, the proposed approach increased efficiency measured by the Overall Equipment Effectiveness 32.84%. The second article proposes a modification to the ATCS rule by including a quality related parameter. This parameter is tailored to reduce delivery delays due to quality problems. This new heuristic, when applied to the same painting process, increased the OEE 2.74%, the delivery accuracy 2.11% and the percentage of completed packages at the end of the painting process 8%.

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Krauss, Petra. "Moderne IT-Systeme als Wettbewerbsfaktor für Versicherungsunternehmen mit Fallstudie zur Einführung der Software lifestream bei der WWK Lebensversicherung a.G." Karlsruhe VVW, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001390911/04.

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Lukavská, Dana. "Analýza celních režimů v EU se zaměřením na režim tranzitu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5345.

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The thesis responds to the changes in customs procedures which Czech companies had to face after the Czech republic was joined to the customs territory of the EU. The first part of the thesis provides the basic characteristic of individual customs procedures and it is focused on the area of customs operations. The following sections concentrate on the issue of "transit" customs procedure. The scope of the thesis is a general approach of the realisation of international transport in transit. It demonstrates the most important changes which were caused by the membership of the Czech Republic in the EU. The thesis emhasizes Community transit, Common transit betweeen the Community and the EFTA countries and the carriage of goods based on the customs documents TIR a ATA. Due to its importance for facilitating international trade a special attention is given to the TIR customs transit system.

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Johansson, Regina. "Får tågförare tillräcklig trafikinformation via ATC-systemet? : En explorativ intervjustudie och utvärdering av dagens tågförarsystem på Kustpilen, Linköping-Kalmar." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56782.

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ATC (Automatic Train Control; automatisk tågkontroll) är ett säkerhetssystem som automatiskt bromsar ner ett tåg om föraren skulle missa en hastighetsnedsättning eller en stoppsignal. Systemet ger även föraren information om när det är dags att exempelvis sänka hastigheten. Detta genom tonstötar och blinkande siffror på ATC-panelen. Många förare anser dock att det saknas väsentlig information i gränssnittet till ATC-panelen, visar rapporter från Banverket (Kecklund, 2001). Eftersom information som skulle hjälpa föraren att planera körningen framåt i tiden saknas, och föraren därmed ofta väntar på indikationer från systemet, ”kör på pipet”, kan olyckor ske där ATC-övervakningen saknas eller gått ur funktion. Det kan bero på att förare som är vana att ”köra på pipet”, vid situationer där ATC saknas, ingriper för sent eller inte alls eftersom de väntar på indikationer från ATC-systemet. Studier visar även att uppgifter som inte kräver särskilt mycket av människans kognitiva resurser kan ge en ”mental underbelastning” vilket i sin tur kan leda till för låg uppmärksamhetskapacitet och sämre prestation.Denna studie undersöker hur förarna anser att ATC-systemet fungerar idag, samt hur det bör utvecklas och förbättras. Syftet med studien har varit att belysa tågförarnas åsikter om ATC-systemet. Att ta reda på vilken information de får genom systemet idag och vilken information de skulle önska. Hur informationen ska presenteras har också varit en viktig fråga. Ett syfte har också varit att undersöka hur förares olika körstilar och attityder gällande ansvarsfördelning mellan förare och system samvarierar med deras åsikter om systemet.Resultaten av studien ger möjlighet till att eventuellt kunna utveckla ATC-systemet för att bättre passa förarens sätt att arbeta. En sådan utveckling skulle även kunna ge föraren ett mindre automatiserat arbete vilket kan minska risken för försämrad prestation till följd av låg uppmärksamhetskapacitet.I studien genomfördes två inledande observationer för att få en inblick i förarens arbete och informationsmiljö. Efter detta delades frågeformulär ut till alla förare, inom det företag som kontaktats, för att fånga upp olika körstilar och attityder gällande ansvarsfördelning. Ostrukturerade intervjuer hölls med sex förare. Formulären och intervjudokumentationerna analyserades sedan för att göra det möjligt att besvara frågeställningarna.Studien har visat att förarna tycker att informationen de får från ATC-systemet är knapphändig och att de skulle önska tillgång till information som gör det möjligt att planera körningen framåt i tiden, så som exempelvis information om flera hastighetsbesked och signalbilder på rad och avståndet fram till dessa, samt information om var andra tåg befinner sig och avstånd till dessa. Studien har även visat att alla förare har ett externt LOC (Locus of control) och att alla har en körstil där man kör på pipet och inväntar indikeringar från ATC-systemet innan man agerar, vilket skulle kunna innebära att de reagerar sämre vid avsaknad av ATC-övervakning.

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Sepulveda, Maria Alicia Carrillo. "Participação do receptor AT2 da angiotensina II no relaxamento vascular promovido pelo hormônio tiroideano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42131/tde-25032010-142756/.

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A vasodilatação promovida pela triiodotironina (T3) ocorre por sua ação direta sobre o relaxamento das células musculares lisas vasculares (CMLV), porém os mecanismos envolvidos são desconhecidos. Neste estudo mostramos que o T3 rapidamente relaxa as CMLV através da geração de óxido nítrico (NO), via óxido nítrico sintase neuronal e induzível (nNOS e iNOS), efeitos mediados pela sinalização PI3K/Akt. Ensaios funcionais em aortas sem endotélio, incubados com T3, mostraram menor resposta contrátil a Fenilefrina (FE), efeito este revertido pelo L-NAME, inibidor da NOS. Aortas de ratos hipertiroideos apresentaram aumento do receptor de Angiotensina II (AngII) do tipo 2 (AT2), acompanhado de diminuição de proteínas contráteis. In vitro o T3 diminui estas proteínas contráteis via AT2. Aortas sem endotélio dos ratos hipertiroideos apresentaram menor reatividade a AngII e maior relaxamento ao nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS), efeitos estes mediados via AT2. Por fim, observamos que o T3 é capaz de induzir produção de NO nas CMLV via PI3K/Akt, a qual é ativada pelo AT2 3,3\',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) has been shown to induce vasodilation by its direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). However, the mechanism by which T3 causes VSMC relaxation is still unknown. Here, we have shown that T3 causes rapid relaxation of VSMC via increased NO production from inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We further showed that these effects were mediated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Vascular reactivity studies showed that endothelium-denuded aortas treated with T3 had a decreased response to phenylephrine which was reserved by L-NAME, NOS inhibitors. Aortas from hyperthyroid rats showed an upregulation of AT2 accompanied by decreased of contractile proteins. In vitro we observed that T3 decreases contractile proteins via AT2. Furthermore, endothelium-denuded aortas from hyperthyroid rats showed a decreased response to angiotensinII and augmented relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) via AT2 participation. Our data also suggests that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in T3-induced NO production in VSMC via AT2.

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Brown, Gordon Douglas. "The analysis of an enzyme (Ce1A) and a gene system (abg) involved in the utilization of lignocellulose in the rumen." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9244.

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Bibliography: leaves 150-183. As lignocellulose represents an abundant renewable resource, research is in progress to obtain a better understanding of the natural mechanisms whereby this resource is utilised. Of particular interest is the degradation of forage in the rumen and one research goal is to ultimately increase animal productivity through an improvement in lignocellulose utilisation. However, although the mechanisms behind lignocellulose utilisation are reasonably well understood, relatively little is known about the mechanisms which occur in the rumen. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to gain more insight into the mechanisms of lignocellulose utilisation which occur in the rumen. Initially this research was focused on the poorly characterised exo-acting cellulases from rumen bacteria. Preliminary enzymology studies on one cellulase from Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1, previously isolated in this laboratory, indicated that an exo-acting cellodextrinase, CelA, had been isolated. In this report, the enzyme was purified and biochemically characterised and was shown to be an exo-acting cellodextrinase.

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Biset, Thierry. "Blocage des récepteurs AT1 de l'angiotensine II par le losartan (DUP 753) : effets sur la motricité et la trophicité de la paroi artérielle." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P206.

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Hultquist, Marcus. "Ilska & gång : En studie om ilska i gångstilar." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19842.

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Detta arbete har studerat vilka egenskaper i en gångstil som var viktiga för att förmedla ilska. Egenskaperna hög hastighet, framåtlutande överkropp och knutna händer utvärderades för att se hur viktiga de var för känslouttrycket. Resultaten pekade på att hastigheten och händerna inte hade en påtaglig effekt på hur ilskeuttrycket uppfattades. Däremot hade egenskapen framåtlutande överkropp en betydlig skillnad i hur ilska uppfattades i en gångstil. När karaktären hade rak rygg var det betydligt färre deltagare som tyckte att animationen uppfattades som arg. Studien lämnar även utrymme för ytterligare forskning där man exempelvis utvärderar ytterligare ilskeuttryck och effekten av uttrycken i kombination.

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Halstead, Holly. "ARG-MATEE Automated Pipeline for Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance in WGS Data Collected from Pig Farms and Surrounding Communities." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414587.

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As part of recognizing the interconnected nature of different sectors in relation to health, AMR (antimicrobial resistance) has emerged as an issue of high global importance. E. coli isolates were taken from pig farms in Thailand, which serves as a point of interest in the study of ARGs (antimicrobial resistance genes) in emerging economies. The fecal samples were collected from pigs, humans who came in contact with the pigs, and humans who did not have contact with pigs to be analyzed for ARGS, virulence genes, and plasmids. Data was analyzed with an automated pipeline in the form of ARG-MATEE, the Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Multi-Analysis Tool for Enteric E. coli, a tool designed in this study to be used here and in future investigations. ARG-MATEE regulates and records internal software versions in a produced report which also includes data tables for all non phylogeny results in Boyce–Codd normal form and data visualizations for plasmids, ARGs, virulence genes, and phylogeny. Through the use of ARG-MATEE, the iss virulence gene was seen to be significantly different between testing groups as it is present in only human testing groups, suggesting the loss of function of the iss gene in pigs, showing host specialization.

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Stark, David. "Investigations of Modern-Day Head Injuries: Safety Provided by Youth Football Helmets and Risk Posed by Unmanned Aircraft Systems." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555260793383847.

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Dopona, Ellen Priscila Brito. "Hipertrofia miocárdica induzida por consumo elevado de sal é prevenida por agonista de receptor AT2 da angiotensina II." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-26032018-134034/.

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O alto consumo de sódio é o principal fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardíacas. A sobrecarga de sal na dieta aumenta o conteúdo de angiotensina II no coração. Muitos estudos tem avaliado o papel da angiotensina II no desenvolvimento da hipertrofia e fibrose cardíaca. A angiotensina II age através de dois receptores: o receptor de angiotensina II tipo 1 (AT1) e o receptor de angiotensina tipo 2 (AT2). Embora muitos estudos têm elucidado o papel do receptor AT1 e sobrecarga de sal na dieta no desenvolvimento da hipertrofia, os estudos envolvendo o receptor AT2 ainda são controversos. Com o objetivo de entender melhor o papel do AT2 em modelos de sobrecarga de sal na dieta no desenvolvimento da hipertrofia cardíaca, ratos Wistars machos foram alimentados com uma dieta normal ou hipersódica desde o desmame até a décima oitava semana de idade. Ambos os grupos foram subdivididos em dois subgrupos. A partir da sétima semana de idade cada um dos subgrupos recebeu o tratamento com composto 21 (3mg/kg por dia, n=16), um agonista do AT2. Peso corporal, pressão arterial caudal, consumo de ração, ingestão hídrica, volume urinário, hematócrito, massas ventriculares, diâmetro transverso do cardiomiócito, porcentagem de fibrose intersticial, expressão gênica e proteica dos componentes do sistema renina-angiotensina foram avaliados. O C21 preveniu o desenvolvimento da hipertrofia e fibrose cardíaca em ratos alimentados com dieta hipersódica. O C21 preveniu o incremento da pressão arterial dos ratos alimentados com dieta hipersódica High salt intake is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Dietary salt overload was found to increase cardiac angiotensin II content. Many studies have evaluated the role of angiotensin II on the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Angiotensin II acts through two main receptors: angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors. Though there are many studies pointing to the effects of the AT1 and high salt diet, the role of AT2 and its effects in dietary salt overload model is still not elucidated. Aiming to better understand the role of AT2 receptor in models of salt overload on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, male Wistar rats were fed normal or high salt diet from weaning up to 18 weeks of age. Both groups were divided into two subgroups. Starting at 7 weeks of age they were treated or not with compound 21 (3mg/kg per day, n=16), an AT2 receptor agonist. Body weight, blood pressure, food intake, water intake, urine volume, plasma and urinary sodium and potassium, cardiomyocyte transverse diameter, percentage of cardiac fibrosis, gene and protein expression of renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, AT1 and AT2 were measured. Compound 21 prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats that received high salt diet. Compound 21 also reduced the increased blood pressure, prevented the lower weight gain in animals fed with high salt diet

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Santos, Jos? Medeiros dos. "Em dire??o a uma representa??o para equa??es alg?bricas :uma l?gica equacional local." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2001. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18000.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseMS.pdf: 1057927 bytes, checksum: 2fb0b885cdff7c8f9e8f9d1d07d2627f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-07-17 The intervalar arithmetic well-known as arithmetic of Moore, doesn't possess the same properties of the real numbers, and for this reason, it is confronted with a problem of operative nature, when we want to solve intervalar equations as extension of real equations by the usual equality and of the intervalar arithmetic, for this not to possess the inverse addictive, as well as, the property of the distributivity of the multiplication for the sum doesn t be valid for any triplet of intervals. The lack of those properties disables the use of equacional logic, so much for the resolution of an intervalar equation using the same, as for a representation of a real equation, and still, for the algebraic verification of properties of a computational system, whose data are real numbers represented by intervals. However, with the notion of order of information and of approach on intervals, introduced by Aci?ly[6] in 1991, the idea of an intervalar equation appears to represent a real equation satisfactorily, since the terms of the intervalar equation carry the information about the solution of the real equation. In 1999, Santiago proposed the notion of simple equality and, later on, local equality for intervals [8] and [33]. Based on that idea, this dissertation extends Santiago's local groups for local algebras, following the idea of Σ-algebras according to (Hennessy[31], 1988) and (Santiago[7], 1995). One of the contributions of this dissertation, is the theorem 5.1.3.2 that it guarantees that, when deducing a local Σ-equation E t t in the proposed system SDedLoc(E), the interpretations of t and t' will be locally the same in any local Σ-algebra that satisfies the group of fixed equations local E, whenever t and t have meaning in A. This assures to a kind of safety between the local equacional logic and the local algebras A aritm?tica intervalar conhecida como aritm?tica de Moore, n?o possui as mesmas propriedades dos n?meros reais, e por este motivo, defrontase com um problema de natureza operat?ria, quando se deseja resolver equa??es intervalares como extens?o de equa??es reais atrav?s da igualdade usual e da aritm?tica intervalar, por esta n?o possuir o inverso aditivo, como tamb?m, a propriedade da distributividade da multiplica??o pela soma n?o ser v?lida para qualquer terno de intervalos. A falta dessas propriedades impossibilita a utiliza??o da l?gica equacional, tanto para a resolu??o de uma equa??o intervalar usando a mesma, como para uma representa??o de uma equa??o real, e ainda, para a verifica??o alg?brica de propriedades de um sistema computacional, cujos dados sejam n?meros reais representados atrav?s de intervalos. Entretanto, com a no??o de ordem de informa??o e de aproxima??o sobre intervalos, introduzida por Aci?ly[6] em 1991, surge a id?ia de uma equa??o intervalar representar satisfatoriamente uma equa??o real, j? que os termos da equa??o intervalar carregam a informa??o sobre a solu??o da equa??o real. Em 1999, Santiago prop?s a no??o de igualdade simples e, posteriormente, igualdade local para intervalos [8] e [33]. Baseado nessa id?ia, esta disserta??o estende os conjuntos locais de Santiago para ?lgebras locais, seguindo a id?ia de Σ-?lgebras contidas em (Hennessy[31], 1988) e (Santiago[7], 1995). Uma das contribui??es desta disserta??o ? o teorema 5.1.3.2 que garante que, ao se deduzir uma Σ-equa??o local ⊢ E t t no sistema SDedLoc(E) proposto, as interpreta??es de t e t ser?o localmente iguais em qualquer Σ-?lgebra local que satisfa?a o conjunto de equa??es locais E fixado, sempre que t e t tiverem significado em A. Isto garante um tipo de seguran?a entre a l?gica equacional local e as ?lgebras locais

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Yang, Zhe. "Functional Characterization of the Arginine Transaminase Pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/29.

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Arginine utilization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa with multiple catabolic pathways represents one of the best examples of metabolic versatility of this organism. To identify genes of this complex arginine network, we employed DNA microarray to analyze the transcriptional profiles of this organism in response to L-arginine. While most genes in arginine uptake, regulation and metabolism have been identified as members of the ArgR regulon in our previous study, eighteen putative transcriptional units of 38 genes including the two known genes of the arginine dehydrogenase (ADH) pathway, kauB and gbuA, were found inducible by exogenous L-arginine but independent of ArgR. The potential physiological functions of those candidate genes in L-arginine utilization were studied by growth phenotype analysis in knockout mutants. The insertion mutation of aruH encoding an L-arginine:pyruvate transaminase abolished the capability to grow on L-arginine of an aruF mutant devoid of a functional arginine succinyltransferase (AST) pathway, the major route of arginine utilization. The aruH gene was cloned and over-expressed in E. coli. Taking L-arginine and pyruvate as the substrates, the reaction products of recombinant enzyme were identified by MS and HPLC as 2-ketoarginine and L-alanine. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the data revealed a series of parallel lines characteristic of ping-pong kinetics mechanism, and the apparent Km and catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) were 1.6 ± 0.1 mM and 24.1 mM-1 s-1 for pyruvate and 13.9 ± 0.8 mM and 2.8 mM-1 s-1 for L-arginine. Recombinant AruH showed an optimal pH at 9.0 and substrate specificity with an order of preference being Arg > Lys > Met > Leu > Orn > Gln. These data led us to propose the arginine transaminase (ATA) pathway that removes the α-amino group of L-arginine via transamination instead of oxidative deamination by dehydrogenase or oxidase as originally proposed. In the same genetic locus, we also identified a two-component system, AruRS, for the regulation of arginine-responsive induction of the ATA pathway. Our latest DNA microarray experiments under D-arginine conditions also revealed PA3863 as the candidate gene encoding D-arginine dehydrogenase which might lead to the recognition of a wider network of arginine metabolism than we previously recognized.

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Satam, Sayali S. "Optimization of Wet Friction Systems Based on Rheological, Adsorption, Lubricant and Friction Material Characterization." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1503358825451407.

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Tavares, Felix Meira. "Efeito do hormônio tiroideano na função cardíaca no modelo de isquemia/reperfusão em ratos. Papel do receptor AT2 e da via intracelular AMPK." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42131/tde-24072012-131445/.

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Os Hormônios Tiroideanos (HT) representam um fenótipo de cardioproteção e influenciam no estado trófico do tecido cardíaco através de diversos mecanismos, dentre eles a modulação dos componentes do Sistema Renina Angiotensina- a Angiotensina II e seus receptores (AT1 e AT2). Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o papel do receptor AT2 na cardioproteção induzida pelo HT e a participação da proteína quinase ativada por AMP (AMPK) nesse processo. O modelo de isquemia e reperfusão (I/R) foi desenvolvido em corações de ratos submetidos ao hipertiroidismo experimental na presença ou ausêcia do antagonista do receptor AT2 (PD123319), utilizando-se o aparto de Langendorff. Os resultados mostraram que o HT exerce efeito cardioprotetor com aumento na expressão protéica do receptor AT2 e da AMPK fosforilada, que foi prevenido com a administração do PD, seguido de piora da função cardíaca. Estes dados sugerem que parte da cardioproteção induzida pelo HT é mediada pelo receptor AT2, e que a AMPK também está envolvida proteção do miocárdio após injúria por I/R. Thyroid Hormones (TH) is a phenotype of cardioprotection and may influence the trophic state of cardiac tissue through several mechanisms, including the modulation of the components of renin-angiotensin system - angiotensin II and its receptors (AT1 and AT2). The present study aimed to evaluate the role of AT2 receptor in cardioprotection mediated by the TH and the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in this context. A model of Ischemia and Reperfusion (I/R) was performed in isolated hearts of rats subjected to experimental hyperthyroidism, in the presence or absence of the AT2 receptor antagonist (PD123319), using the Langendorff system. The results showed that TH exerts cardioprotective effect with increased levels of AT2 and phosphorylated AMP protein expression, which was prevented by the administration of PD, with a loss in cardiac function. These data suggest that part of the TH-induced cardioprotection is mediated by the AT2 receptor with the involvement of AMPK in protection of the myocardium after I/R injury.

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Neto, Raimundo Marques do Nascimento. "Estudo da associação dos polimorfismos da ECA e do AGT e fenótipos de risco cardiovascular em amostra feminina de Ouro Preto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-11032008-162532/.

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Estudamos a amostra das ouropretanas com prevalência de hipertensão arterial de (52,7%). O objetivo foi descrever os fenótipos sistólico, diastólico e pressão de pulso e correlacionar as variantes genética da ECA e AGT. Os dados sugerem que a prevalência de hipertensão entre elas estão associadas a idade, classe social, escolaridade, hiperglicemia, circunferência da cintura abdominal, e perfil lipídico. O alelo T foi significante com glicemia {p < 0,02 (OR = 2,2)} e cor preta {p < 0,002 (OR = 2,7)} o alelo D com idade {p < 0,01 (OR = 2,2)} e HDL {p < 0,0007 (OR= 1,5)}. O genótipo DD com a idade {p < 0,03 (OR = 0,7)} e HDL {p < 0,008 (OR = 2,0)}. A influência das variantes genéticas da ECA e do AGT tiveram pouco efeito sobre os fenótipos de pressão arterial, mas influenciaram os níveis de colesterol HDL e a glicemia, respectivamente. We studied the sample of women from Ouro Preto with a prevalence of arterial hypertension of (52,7%). The objective was to describe systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure phenotypes and correlate the ECA and AGT genetic variants. The data suggests that the prevalence of hypertension among them is related to age, social class, schooling, hyperglycemia, abdominal and lipidic profile. The T allele showed significance with glycemia {p < 0.02 (OR = 2.2) and color black {p < 0.002 (OR = 2.7)}. The D allele with age {p < 0.01 (OR = 2.2)} and HDL {p < 0.0007 (OR=1.5)}. The DD genotype with age {p < 0.03 (OR = 0.7)} and HDL {p<O.008 (OR = 2.0)}. Influence of the ECA and AGT genetic variants had little effect on arterial pressure phenotypes, but influenced the levels of HDL cholesterol and the hyperglycemia respectively.

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De, Freitas Martinez Andres, and Nurdin Mohamed. "Managing Validation in a Safety Critical System Regarding Automation of Air Traffic Control." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246073.

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The aviation industry is under increasing pressure to reduce cost and manage the increased number of passengers. One area under pressure is the Air Traffic Control. The Air Traffic Control will in a foreseeable future manage the introduction of drones also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by integrating them into civil airspace with manned aircraft. Drones are lacking consensus from authorities with regards to standards due to their rapid expansion. Given their size, shape and speed, they can also pose threats to manned aircrafts and there is a need to address them in an Air Traffic Management system interoperating with manned aircrafts. The purpose in this study is to identify what considerations to make when automating complex system elements with respect to safety. Safety involves all the different stakeholders in the air transportation system, which is a Safety critical System. Furthermore, the aim is also to identify areas in which European Operational Concept Validation Methodology (E-OCVM) can be complemented with. Standard E-OCVM is missing specific assessment criteria with regards to safety and how it can interact with other standards. The approach is thereby to use various standards with focus on Systems Engineering to complement E-OCVM since it is lacking with regards to how it is used to validate Air Traffic Control systems. To capture the complexity of automating elements of an industry involving many stakeholders, a qualitative analysis was conducted in this project, using a System Engineering approach with four standards A-SLP, A-RLP, A-DAS and A-SAS. A-SLP and A-RLP are two general standards while A-DAS and A-SAS are focusing on the contexts of aircrafts and software development. Empirical data was gathered by semi-structured interviews of seven experts within the relevant areas in the field. From the review of the four standards, it was found that they can for instance complement E-OCVM in how software errors can lead to a failure condition among other ways. The main identified considerations faced with an integration of drones into civil airspace, is to manage the human interaction with the introduced Air Traffic Management systems. More specifically, the human element must be involved from the training phase in the development of systems in a Safety Critical System to minimize risk. Furthermore, redundancies that are built into the system has to, not only be able to put the system into a safe state, but also be carefully analyzed in how they interact with other systems to avoid misjudgement for the Air Traffic Controllers. Lastly, to obtain specific details on how interoperability could occur using standards, the standards used in this study refer to usage of other documents and standards. Standards specifically tailored for the operational context of drones would facilitate further testing and implementation of their integration into civil airspace. Given that different standards were used to complement the EOCVM standard, a set of unified standards are required that are proportional with the type of drones, the type of operations and in the environment that they are operating in. This will be needed to fulfill the European vision of safe integration of drones and needs thereby to be carried out in a global manner, thus also share experience with other actors to advance the new technology adaptation.

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Obst, Michael. "Interaktion von Renin-Angiotensin- und NO-System physiologische Untersuchungen zur Herz- und Nierenfunktion in AT2-Rezeptor-defizienten Mäusen nach L-NAME und DOCA-Salz-Behandlung /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2004/231/index.html.

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Casare, Fernando Augusto Malavazzi. "Efeito da interação de angiotensina II e o receptor AT1 ou endotelina 3 e os receptores ETA e ETB na função e morfologia renal de ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-15042016-105127/.

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Para avaliar os efeitos de angiotensina II (Ang II) ou endotelina-3 (ET-3), ratos Wistar foram organizados nos grupos: controle, tratados com Ang II ou ET-3 por 42 dias, tratados com losartan, atrasentan ou BQ788 ou co-tratados com Ang II e losartan ou ET-3 e atrasentan ou BQ 788. Foram avaliados: pressão arterial, concentrações plasmáticas e intrarrenais das Angs e ETs, morfologia e função renal. A Ang II induziu hipertensão arterial, aumentou as concentrações plasmáticas das ETs e das Angs e a expressão de RNAm para renina; induziu injuria glomerular e remodelamento das arteríolas renais. O tratamento com losartan reverteu a maioria dos efeitos da Ang II. A ET-3 induziu hipertensão arterial, injúria glomerular, alteração da função renal e aumento de RNAm intrarrenal para os componentes do SRA. O bloqueio do receptor ETA atenuou os efeitos de ET-3 na hipertensão, enquanto o bloqueio de ETB foi melhor nos parâmetros renais. Nossos resultados sugerem uma interação entre os sistemas SRA e endotelinas, induzindo mudanças na estrutura e função renal. To evaluate the chronic effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) and /or losartan or endothelin-3 (ET-3) and /or atrasentan or BQ788, Wistar rats were organized as: control, treated with Ang II, or ET-3 for 42 days, losartan-treated, co-treated with Ang II and losartan. Treated with ET-3, treated with BQ788 or atrasentan, co-treated with ET-3 and antagonists. Were evaluated: blood pressure, plasma and intrarenal concentrations of Angs and ETs, protein expression, renal morphology and function. Ang II induced hypertension, increased plasma levels of ETs and Angs; increased mRNA for renin; induced glomerular injury and renal arterioles remodeling. Treatment with losartan restored most of the changes induced by Ang II. ET-3 induced hypertension, glomerular injury, renal dysfunction and increased intrarenal mRNA for SRA components. The ETA receptor blockage reverted the ET-3 effects on hypertension, while ETB blockage reverted renal parameters. Our results suggest a crosstalk of renin-angiotensin and endothelin systems, inducing renal structural and functional changes.

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