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Journal articles on the topic 'Atheism – Philosophical Foundations'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Małgorzata, Obrycka. "Ateizm – filozoficzne fundamenty." "Karto-Teka Gdańska" 1(4)/2019 (June 30, 2019): 114–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528691.

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<strong>Atheism – Philosophical Foundations</strong> review: Konrad Szocik, Ateizm filozoficzny. Zarys historii i krytyka neotomistyczna, Zakład Wydawniczy NOMOS, Kraków, 2014, ss. 436. <strong>Ateizm – filozoficzne fundamenty</strong> recenzja: Konrad Szocik, Ateizm filozoficzny. Zarys historii i krytyka neotomistyczna, Zakład Wydawniczy NOMOS, Kraków, 2014, ss. 436.

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Kenzhetayev, D. "VALUE DILEMMA: SOVIET IDEOLOGY AND MODERN CULTURE." Adam alemi 90, no. 4 (2021): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2021.4/1999-5849.07.

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This article describes the foundations of Soviet ideology, theoretical and practical layers of the concept of scientific atheism, solutions and principles of Bolshevik politics. This characteristic is a definition showing how and what ideological speculative methods were used in the field of Javitology, formulated on a scientific basis. The patterns of Soviet ideological interpretations of the doctrine, culture, heritage, path, philosophy, history are defined. The dilemma between the values of modern culture and Soviet scientific atheism was conducted on a philosophical level. And some kind of

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Smida, Nizar, Bassem Jemal, Said Aly Ebead, and Sabrin Zaghloul. "An empirical analysis of the correlation between philosophical perspectives and atheism." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, no. 15 (2024): 10211. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd10211.

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Our main objective in this research is to affirm that philosophy, in its true essence and depth, has never been inherently opposed to religion. Rather, the turn toward atheism within philosophy represents isolated, personal stances, often reactionary in nature, and not rooted in genuine intellectual reflection, which the Qur’an encourages and calls people to adhere to. Our endeavor is to show that the call to atheism is foreign to reason, understood as a sound faculty or a sense linked to the pursuit of truth, as previously demonstrated by Descartes in his focus on the principles and methods o

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Campbell, Joe. "Critical Notice: Paul Russell’s The Riddle of Hume’s Treatise: Skepticism, Naturalism, and Irreligion (OUP 2008)." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 45, no. 1 (2015): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2015.1024027.

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In The Riddle of Hume’s Treatise: Skepticism, Naturalism, and Irreligion (2008), Paul Russell makes a strong case for the claim that “The primary aim of Hume’s series of skeptical arguments, as developed and distributed throughout the Treatise, is to discredit the doctrines and dogmas of Christian philosophy and theology with a view toward redirecting our philosophical investigations to areas of ‘common life, ’ with the particular aim of advancing ‘the science of man’”; (2008, 290). Understanding Hume in this way, according to Russell, sheds light on the “ultimate riddle”; of the Treatise: “is

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Eller, Jack David. "Atheism is Global Atheism." Socio-Historical Examination of Religion and Ministry 2, no. 2 (2020): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33929/sherm.2020.vol2.no2.05.

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Accepting Diller’s challenge to justify “global atheism,” despite its supposed crushing burden of knowledge, this paper argues that the global atheist bears no extraordinary burden. In fact, all atheism is global atheism, as an atheist lacks any and all god-beliefs; while a local theist, who accepts one of the myriad god-beliefs over all others, has a special burden to account for that choice. Surveying the diversity of god-concepts across religions and how atheists dismiss and discard them, this paper provides an inductive and philosophical foundation of global atheism—as well as illustrating

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Secundant, Sergii. "Leibniz and Wolf: critical foundations of the idea of scientific revolution in philosophy." Sententiae 40, no. 1 (2021): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/sent40.01.044.

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This article reveals the critical content of the idea of scientific revolution in Wolff's philosophy and shows Leibniz's contribution to its formation. Although Wolff's goal was to reform the method of philosophizing on the model of Euclid's geometry, which was based on the Cartesian idea of achieving certainty by clarifying concepts, this clarification Wolff in the sense of Leibniz sees in such an analysis of concepts that would accurately establish a connection between them and show the possibility of the object that expresses this concept. Wolff sees the critical meaning of his method in th

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Özkan, Abdullah. "Social and Spiritual Diseases and Their Solutions According to Mehmed Ali Aynî." Journal of The Near East University Islamic Research Center 10, no. 1 (2024): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32955/neu.istem.2024.10.1.06.

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With the modernization movements that started with the Tanzimat period in Turkey, a rich environment for intellectual debate was formed in which a wide range of scientific, philosophical, social, and political issues were discussed. In this environment, every issue concerning society was discussed by intellectuals and solutions were tried to be found for the social issues that emerged with the change. Mehmet Ali Aynî, who graduated from the modern schools founded with the hope of reforming education in this period and started his career as a bureaucrat, became one of the most important figures

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Maslin, M. A. "Vekhi (Milestones) as a Post-Secular Manifesto of the Russian Philosophy." Orthodoxia, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2021-4-135-158.

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The article investigates the Vekhi (Milestones), a collection of articles published in 1909 by Nikolai Berdyaev, Sergei Bulgakov, Mikhail Gershenzon, Bogdan Kistyakovski, Peter Struve, Semyon Frank and Aleksandr Izgoev, that is analyzed through the prism of the post-secularization, which became the dominant in the Russian intellectual culture of the early 20th century. This phenomenon implied a rapid advancement of various forms of religious philosophy into the centre of the Russian philosophical tradition in search for solution to various problems faced by the state, society, family and educa

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Yurynets, Yaryna. "Soviet Policy of “Militarism” and the Formation of a Totalitarian Regime in Ukraine in the 1920s–1930s." NaUKMA Research Papers in Philosophy and Religious Studies, no. 11-12 (November 15, 2023): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-1678.2023.11-12.105-113.

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The article analyzes the peculiarities of the formation period of a totalitarian regime and ideological dictatorship in Soviet Ukraine during the 1920s-1930s. One of the key characteristics of this stage is the constant narrative of struggle imposed both against external enemies and on internal “fronts”. This narrative aimed to foster a “militaristic” fervor in society, contributing to the consolidation of the foundations of totalitarianism and the gradual Sovietization of education and science. The aggressiveness of the regime, reaching its peak during the mass repressions of the “Great Terro

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Hamka, Syamsuar Hamka, Aswar Aswar, and Askar Fatahuddin. "Stephen Hawking's Atheist View on Science ; A Critics from Philosophy of Islamic Education." TSAQAFAH 19, no. 1 (2023): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v19i1.8515.

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Religions, for most western scientists, do not develop linearly with science. Because since the beginning, religion has been removed from the world of scientific research. Efforts to approach nature are freed from metaphysical elements, which according to al-Attas, Nature is no longer considered sacred. As a result, it is permissible to act freely against nature. Nature is only limited to the framework of mechanistic philosophy which furthermore becomes the philosophical foundation for the development of modern science. This study examines the implications of Stephen Hawking's Atheist View on

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Karuvelil, George. "Dharma of Jesus: Exploring Its Philosophical Foundations." Jnanadeepa: Pune Journal of Religious Studies June-Dec 2015, Vol 18/2 (2015): 155–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4282271.

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This is an essay in fundamental theology, an attempt to communicate the foundational experience o f  Christian faith in an  intelligible manner to all, including atheists. Beginning with a brief reference to the past attempts to do this task, it is seen that those who start with universal experiences find the specific character o f   Christian faith problematic and those who start with the Christian experience (the Christ event) make it inaccessible to non-Christians. The author sets  out to bridge this gap with the category  o f  “person-mysticism” fo

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Spencer, Daniel. "Athens and Jerusalem Redux." Forum Philosophicum 28, no. 1 (2023): 99–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2023.2801.06.

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In this essay, I evaluate the extent to which some currents in classical Christian mysticism might count as properly ‘Christian’ against the rules of faith and theological methodology of thinkers like Tertullian, Irenaeus, and Justin Martyr. I begin by expounding this methodology as it relates to non-Christian philosophical traditions, and from there explore the rules these thinkers offer, suggesting that the beating heart of these rules is not a string of propositions to affirm so much as it is a commitment to a certain rendition of biblical narrative grammar. After exploring this grammar, I

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Whitmarsh, Tim. "ATHEISTIC AESTHETICS: THE SISYPHUS FRAGMENT, POETICS AND THE CREATIVITY OF DRAMA." Cambridge Classical Journal 60 (September 3, 2014): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270514000062.

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The famous Sisyphus fragment of a tragedy or satyr play is one of the best known documents of ancient atheism, proposing as it does a social-constructionist theory of the emergence of religion as a form of social control. This article argues that the fragment should be seen not just as a philosophical contribution to Presocratic and sophistic thought on the gods, but also as a work of theatrical poetics: it alludes to Hesiod's foundational role in the articulation of Greek theology, self-reflexively explores the role of the literary author in the creation of belief systems, and unpacks the spe

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Więckowski, Paweł. "Filozoficzno-historyczne zaplecze etyki biznesu." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 151–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2012.2.7.

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The text describes different philosophical concepts and historically important cultural phenomena that should be considered while rethinking ethical side of business. Broad range of both philosophical (such as the search for the foundations of morality, social contract) and social subjects (such as history of centralized state, individualism) is presented to help the reflections. The background for analysis is the history of culture, especially of primary collective society; contrasted with it is individualism of classical Athens with corresponding reaction of philosophers; development of stat

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Webster, J. B. "Eberhard Jüngel: God as the Mystery of the World. On the Foundation of the Theology of the Crucified One in the Dispute Between Theism and Atheism." Scottish Journal of Theology 39, no. 4 (1986): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600031124.

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Eberhard jüngel'S reputation as a severely professional systematic and philosophical theologian is beginning to drift across to the English speaking world. His Gott ah Geheimnis der Welt, which first appeared in 1976 and whose third edition is here translated by Darrell L. Guder, is a curious book. It is perhaps best read not so much as a single argument but as a series of studies which at important points overlap or converge. It is a remarkably wide-ranging book: indeed, so wideranging that the argument becomes frustratingly difficult to get hold of in its entirety. Jü ngel writes illuminatin

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Dorofeev, Daniil. "Visual Communications of Love in Athens and Venice: Plato and Tomas Mann." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 14, no. 2 (2020): 637–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2020-14-2-637-664.

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The article is devoted to the study of ontological, aesthetical and anthropological features of visual communication in Plato and Thomas Mann. I compare T. Mann’s Death in Venice artistic conception with the philosophical understanding of the image, contemplation, beauty and Eros of Plato, primarily in the dialogues Phaedrus and Symposium (with some reference to F. Nietzsche and the film by L. Visconti). The author explores the specifics of the visual-plastic worldview and the contemplative cognition of being, determined by the erotic foundation of the aesthetic contemplation of the human imag

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Denicol, Karina A., and Paulo J. S. Bittencourt. "Concepção de Justiça em Aristóteles." REVISTA INTERNACIONAL CONSINTER DE DIREITO 14, no. 14 (2022): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19135/revista.consinter.00014.01.

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The research focused on the concept of justice for Aristotle, to investigate the historical and philosophical bases of this thought and contextualization with institutions existing in Athens and Greece at his time, as well as the political framework that allowed the emergence of his theories. Furthermore, starting from justice as something anthropological and no longer linked to religion, it was intended to investigate the various notions of justice for the philosopher, as political justice, that derived from the relationship between men, established by the laws. In addition, it focuses on dis

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Alibe, Muhammad Tahir. "TAUHID DAN DALIL WUJUD TUHAN PENDEKATAN DALIL NAQLI & AQLI." LISAN AL-HAL: Jurnal Pengembangan Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan 16, no. 1 (2022): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v16i1.16-26.

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This article discusses the concept of monotheism and the proposition of God's existence with the naqli & aqli propositional approach. The arguments in the rules of ushul consist of naqli arguments (al-Qur'an and Hadith) and aqli arguments (reason). The article shows that the concept of divinity is not built without a foundation, but is based on propositions. This type of research is qualitative with theological and philosophical approaches. Theological approach is used to complete a discussion based on the text. The results of this study indicate that the concept of monotheism and the prop

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Raganiewicz, Magdalena. "Obojętność religijna św. Edyty Stein." Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny 17, no. 1 (2009): 237–64. https://doi.org/10.52097/wpt.3191.

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At the age of 14 Edith Stein stopped praying, rejected Judaism as her religion and declared herself as an atheist. Although she described her attitude as atheistic we attempted to prove that it can be better depicted as religious indifference. Unlike atheists she did not deny the existence of God; she simply stopped showing interest in God’s matters. However, having rejected God of Judaism, Edith Stein experienced a kind of emptiness in her life which needed to be filled. Before her dramatic decision it was religion that brought the spiritual significance into her life; it was God who explaine

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Corlett, John. "Sophistry, Socrates, and Sport Psychology." Sport Psychologist 10, no. 1 (1996): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.10.1.84.

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It is argued that knowledge of the traditions of Western philosophy can play a valuable role in applied sport psychology. A contrast between sophist and Socratic ideas from Athens of the 5th-century BC is used to demonstrate the contribution a sound philosophical foundation can make in professional practice. Sophists are technique driven and concerned solely with specific skills that produce successful performance results. Socratics, in contrast, encourage rigorous personal examination and improved knowledge of self as the only meaningful pathway to personal happiness. The application of each

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Kozhushnyi, Oleh. "TRANSLATION OF THE WORK OF ATHINAGORAS THE ATHENIAN "EMBASSY FOR CHRISTIANS" (FIRST PART)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 36 (2024): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2024.36.22.

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The purpose of the publication is to introduce into the scientific space of Ukraine a translation from the ancient Greek of one of the works of the most eloquent among the early Christian apologists, Athenagoras of Athens – "Embassy for the Christians". The style of his works and the way of expressing his thoughts reveal his prominent knowledge of ancient philosophy and rhetoric: he often quotes ancient authors, aptly using philosophical expressions. The Apology dates back to the last quarter of the second century and is addressed to the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. In it Athenagoras

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Acharya, Sankarshan. "A unifying philosophy of governance." Journal of Governance and Regulation 1, no. 3 (2012): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v1_i3_c1_p6.

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Bertrand Russell won Nobel Prize for arguing that science has triumphed over religion. Since religions are based on god, Russell’s argument implies that science has triumphed over both religion and god. But neither Russell nor anyone else has ever defined religion and god, rationally. The assertion about triumph of science (which is founded on rationality) over concepts such as religion and god (which are not defined rationally or scientifically in the extant literature) cannot be rational. This paper offers a novel rational philosophical foundation for the concepts of god, religion and scienc

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Hefter, Herzl. "The Phenomenology of Affirmation in Nietzsche and R. Mordechai Yosef Leiner of Izbica." Religions 15, no. 11 (2024): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15111294.

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Nietzsche is the world’s most (in)famous atheist, bearer of the monumental tiding of the Death of God. His works contain biting critiques of Christianity and, to a lesser degree, of Judaism as well. Rabbi Mordechai Yosef Leiner of Izbica [=RMY] (1800–1854) was a leading Hasidic master in 19th century Poland. Despite their seemingly incongruent world views and backgrounds, bringing the German philosopher and the Polish Rebbe into conversation bears significant fruit. The significance of my study is two-fold. First, based upon similar philosophical moves by both Nietzsche and RMY, I aim to estab

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Serdyukova, Elena. "There Are No Atheists among Greatest Philosophers: Reasonings about Experience, Knowledge and Faith in the Letters of N.O. Lossky to G.V. Florovsky (1947–1955). Letters of N.O. Lossky to G.V. Florovsky (1947–1955), Publication and Notes by Elena V. Serdyukova." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 7 (July 2024): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2024-7-71-90.

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In 1946, Nikolai Onufrievich Lossky moved from France to his younger son Andrey who lived in the United States, where Lossky taught at the St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary for several years. His correspondence with G.V. Florovsky continued, and, as before, they are connected by their friendship, teaching activities, and, most importantly, their scientific and philosophical interests. “Is it true that Russian philosophy is not scientific?” This question became crucial for N.O. Lossky during the “overseas” period of his life and work (1947–1955). His letters sent to G.V. Florovsky fr

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Kozhushnyi, Oleh. "TRANSLATION OF THE WORK OF ATHINAGORAS THE ATHENIAN "EMBASSY FOR CHRISTIANS" (SECOND PART)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 37 (2025): 145–54. https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2025.37.24.

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The purpose of the publication is to introduce into the scientific space of Ukraine a translation from the ancient Greek of one of the works of the most eloquent among the early Christian apologists, Athenagoras of Athens – "Embassy for the Christians". The style of his works and the way of expressing his thoughts reveal his prominent knowledge of ancient philosophy and rhetoric: he often quotes ancient authors, aptly using philosophical expressions. The Apology dates back to the last quarter of the second century and is addressed to the emperors Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. In it Athenagoras

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Grünnagel, Christian. "La politique selon La Mort d’Agrippine de Cyrano de Bergerac : conspiration, athéisme et libertinage érudit sur scène." Romanica Wratislaviensia 67 (July 23, 2020): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0557-2665.67.8.

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The present article examines the vision of politics, especially linked to religion, in the only known tragedy by French author Cyrano de Bergerac. Provoking a major scandal during its premiere due to several dialogues considered as atheist by contemporary authorities, this complex piece of dramatic art provides some insights into the political thought of a 17th-century philosophical (un-derground) tendency known as libertinage érudit. As I try to show, one of the major problems we face in the tragedy’s (political) interpretation is its overall composition, which Cyrano based on baroque princip

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Burov, Alexey, and Alexey Tsvelik. "The Pythagorean Argument of the Intelligent Design of the Universe and Its Critique. Part IV: Metaphysics of Pioneers of Physics." Ideas and Ideals 16, no. 2-1 (2024): 206–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2024-16.2.1-206-235.

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In this, the penultimate article of our Pythagorean cycle, we turn to the metaphysical or natural-philosophical heritage of those great men who are referred to as founders or pioneers of physics. The choice of specific figures in this kind of research is surely arguable to some extent. Our choice is limited by the length of the paper, the availability of relevant texts, and yes, a certain subjectivity of our evaluations. After a brief Introduction, we give an overview of the tension between the paradigm of physical reductionism and the intuition of free will. We show how the author of the firs

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Koprivica, Marina. "CRIME AND PUNISHMENT IN THE CHAPTER “REBELLION”, IN THE NOVEL “THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV” OF F. M. DOSTOEVSKY (Problems of the suffering of the innocent)." Folia linguistica et litteraria XII, no. 38 (2021): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.38.2021.8.

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F. M. Dostoevsky is one of the world's great writers who, while preserving the autonomy of a literary work, incorporated into his works issues of an ethical-philosophical and religious character. He permeated his works with echoes of these topics, but, in addition to the literary stamp, in some chapters he concretized ethical-philosophical and religious issues, for example, in the novel "The Brothers Karamazov", in the chapters "Rebellion" and "The Grand Inquisitor”. Concerning his spirituality and his perspective on life and society, Dostoevsky belongs to writers whose moral norms are the fou

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Júnior, Francisco Aquino. "A DIMENSÃO TEOLOGAL DO HOMEM EM XAVIER ZUBIRI." Síntese: Revista de Filosofia 43, no. 135 (2016): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21769389v43n135p143-159/2016.

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Resumo: Um dos pontos mais centrais e decisivos na filosofia de Xavier Zubiri diz respeito ao que ele chamou “problema de Deus na vida humana” ou “problema teologal do homem”. É a insistência em mostrar que existe na vida humana um âmbito ou uma dimensão que envolve e dá acesso à realidade de Deus, enquanto fundamento último do real. E independentemente do modo como esse fundamento seja inteligido (Deus, pura facticidade, realidade-desconhecida) e da posição que se tome diante desse problema (teísmo, ateísmo, agnosticismo). Este artigo apresenta, de modo bastante condensado, mas sistemático, o

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MacLeod, Douglas C. "Black or White: The Art of Rhetoric in Sunset Limited." Religions 14, no. 10 (2023): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14101298.

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The film Sunset Limited is an HBO adaptation of Cormac McCarthy’s play of the same name, and it is an in-depth character study of two individuals: Black (played by Samuel L. Jackson) and White (played by Tommy Lee Jones). In the beginning of the film, Black has already saved White from committing suicide and they are sitting together at a small, round kitchen table; viewers learn that Black was going to work when he saw White on the train platform about ready to jump in front of the Sunset Limited. Black is a religious Christian and White is an outright atheist; one believes in Jesus Christ an

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Portnyagin, Daniil A., and Viktor F. Lisyunin. "Apologetic works of the Holy Martyr Arkady (Ostalsky): rhetorical aspect." Богословский сборник Тамбовской духовной семинарии, no. 1 (26) (March 28, 2024): 176–90. https://doi.org/10.51216/2687-072x_2024_1_176-190.

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Apologetics, or Fundamental Theology, is one of the main subjects of seminary education and constitutes theoretical knowledge base of a clergyman called upon to defend the Orthodox faith. The relevance of this aspect of the activity of priests and all faithful children of the Church is determined by the need, in the words of the Apostle, “to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give a reason for the hope that is in you with meekness and reverence” (1 Pet. 3:15), to give a solid foundation for the Gospel and the Church teachings to people leaving Christ. Consequently, at every stage of li

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Osipov, A. I. "The Origins of Catastrophe and Our Last Mohicans. Hegumen Nikon (Vorobyov)." Orthodoxia, no. 4 (January 10, 2024): 30–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2023-4-30-57.

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This article narrates the life journey, theological ideas, and pastoral practices of one of the eminent Orthodox ascetics in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church — Hegumen Nikon (Vorobyov) (1894–1963). In his youth, influenced by the spirit of the time, he was initially an atheist, fervently studied various sciences and philosophy. However, not finding what he sought in philosophy, he ardently turned to faith. In the “borderline state”, his soul experienced a somersault, and God revealed Himself to the one who sought Him with all the strength of his soul. In Minsk in 1930, Nikolai took m

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Neu, E., M. Michailov, J. Foltinova, C. Luetge, H. Schumitz, and G. Weber. "On social psychiatry: Psychopathology of German justice on example of resident houses (RH)." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (2021): S709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1879.

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IntroductionSocial PSYCHIATRY is essential for solutions of RH-conflicts leading to immense psychic&medical problems-[2a-e,3]. Millions tenants in Europe: Germany-54.3%/Austria-30.2%/France-25.3%/GB-24.1%/Italy-12.9%/Slovenia-4.5%. German journals reflect catastrophic situation of tenant-lessor conflicts-[3].ObjectivesREFERENCES: [1a]-Luetge,Ch et-al(ed): Experimental Ethics, Basingstoke:Palgrave-Macmillan,2014. [1b]-Pegoraro,R (Chancellor Academy/Vatican-City) «Arzt und Christ» 38:3-55,1992; EACME-2017-Barcelona AB:p.129-130. [2]-Michailov,M.Ch, Neu,E, Welscher,U et-al: [2a]-Psychology: E

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deGrasseTyson, Neil, and James Trefil. "Cosmic Queries: StarTalk's Guide to Who We Are, How We Got Here, and Where We‚Äôre Going." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 74, no. 1 (2022): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf3-22degrassetyson.

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COSMIC QUERIES: StarTalk's Guide to Who We Are, How We Got Here, and Where We're Going by Neil deGrasse Tyson and James Trefil. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2021. 309 pages. Hardcover; $30.00. ISBN: 9781426221774. *Neil deGrasse Tyson is a well-known popularizer of science; the StarTalk podcast he hosted for years is both a fun and educational resource for countless science subjects. He has teamed up with James Trefil, a prolific science writer and popularizer in his own right, to produce a book trying to summarize a vast array of human discoveries about our place in the cosmos

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Knoepfler, Denis. "Le philosophe Ménédème d’Érétrie et les Ptolémées : une réalité historique derrière le récit légendaire des origines de la Septante chez le Pseudo-Aristée." Journal des savants 1, no. 1 (2021): 25–104. https://doi.org/10.3406/jds.2021.6445.

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The historians of the Septuagint have remained uncertain about whether the intervention of Menedemos of Eretria (on the island of Euboea) as a spokesman for Greek philosophers at the banquet offered by King Ptolemy to the seventy-two translators of the Hebraic Pentateuch relied on facts or, as most scholars believe, on pure fiction. Indeed, the Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates has long been considered to lack historical value. However, a fresh reexamination of the problem is now justified by the progress made in the study of Menedemos’ life, thanks to several discoveries. This article first p

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Dal Prete, Ivano. "On the Edge of Eternity: The Antiquity of the Earth in Medieval and Early Modern Europe." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 76, no. 2 (2024): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf9-24dalprete.

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ON THE EDGE OF ETERNITY: The Antiquity of the Earth in Medieval and Early Modern Europe by Ivano Dal Prete. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2022. 214 pages of text plus 82 pages of notes, a bibliography, an index, and sixteen pages of black-and-white halftones. Hardcover; $37.99. ISBN: 9780190678890. Kindle; $25.99. ISBN: 9780190678890. *Ivano Dal Prete is a senior lecturer in the History of Science and Medicine program at Yale University. After receiving his doctorate at the University of Verona, he served as a visiting professor at Columbia, Harvard, and Minnesota before coming to Yale.

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Dal Prete, Ivano. "On the Edge of Eternity: The Antiquity of the Earth in Medieval and Early Modern Europe." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 76, no. 2 (2024): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf09-24dalprete.

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ON THE EDGE OF ETERNITY: The Antiquity of the Earth in Medieval and Early Modern Europe by Ivano Dal Prete. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2022. 214 pages of text plus 82 pages of notes, a bibliography, an index, and sixteen pages of black-and-white halftones. Hardcover; $37.99. ISBN: 9780190678890. Kindle; $25.99. ISBN: 9780190678890. *Ivano Dal Prete is a senior lecturer in the History of Science and Medicine program at Yale University. After receiving his doctorate at the University of Verona, he served as a visiting professor at Columbia, Harvard, and Minnesota before coming to Yale.

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Topham, Jonathan R. "Reading the Book of Nature: How Eight Best Sellers Reconnected Christianity and the Sciences on the Eve of the Victorian Age." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 76, no. 2 (2024): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf9-24topham.

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READING THE BOOK OF NATURE: How Eight Best Sellers Reconnected Christianity and the Sciences on the Eve of the Victorian Age by Jonathan R. Topham. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2022. 544 pages. Hardcover; $47.50. ISBN: 9780226815763. *Jonathan R. Topham's Reading the Book of Nature examines the interplay between science and religion in nineteenth-century Britain, focusing on the Bridgewater Treatises--an influential collection of eight scientific works commissioned to explore the "Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested in the Creation." Armed with a rich array of primar

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Topham, Jonathan R. "Reading the Book of Nature: How Eight Best Sellers Reconnected Christianity and the Sciences on the Eve of the Victorian Age." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 76, no. 2 (2024): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf09-24topham.

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READING THE BOOK OF NATURE: How Eight Best Sellers Reconnected Christianity and the Sciences on the Eve of the Victorian Age by Jonathan R. Topham. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2022. 544 pages. Hardcover; $47.50. ISBN: 9780226815763. *Jonathan R. Topham's Reading the Book of Nature examines the interplay between science and religion in nineteenth-century Britain, focusing on the Bridgewater Treatises--an influential collection of eight scientific works commissioned to explore the "Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested in the Creation." Armed with a rich array of primar

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Tsygankov, Alexander S. "History of Philosophy. 2018, Vol. 23, No. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Theory and Methodology of History of Philosophy Rodion V. Savinov. Philosophy of Antiquity in Scholasticism This article examines the forms of understanding ancient philosophy in medieval and post-medieval scholasticism. Using the comparative method the author identifies the main approaches to the philosophical heritage of Antiquity, and to the problem of reviving the doctrines of the past. The Patristics (Epiphanius of Cyprus, Filastrius of Brixia, Lactantius, Augustine) saw the ancient cosmological doctrines as heresies. The early Middle Ages (e.g., Isidore of Seville) assimilated the content of these heresiographic treatises, which became the main source of information about ancient philosophy. Scholasticism of the 13th–14th cent. remained cautious to ancient philosophy and distinguished, on the one hand, the doctrinal content discussed in the framework of the exegetic problems at universities (Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, etc.), and, on the other hand, information on ancient philosophers integrated into chronological models of medieval chronicles (Peter Comestor, Vincent de Beauvais, Walter Burleigh). Finally, the post-medieval scholasticism (Pedro Fonseca, Conimbricenses, Th. Stanley, and others) raised the questions of the «history of ideas», thereby laying the foundation of the history of philosophy in its modern sense. Keywords: history of philosophy, Patristic, Scholasticism, reflection, critic DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-5-17 World Philosophy: the Past and the Present Mariya A. Solopova. The Chronology of Democritus and the Fall of Troy The article considers the chronology of Democritus of Abdera. In the times of Classical Antiquity, three different birth dates for Democritus were known: c. 495 BC (according to Diodorus of Sicily), c. 470 BC (according to Thrasyllus), and c. 460 BC (according to Apollodorus of Athens). These dates must be coordinated with the most valuable doxographic evidence, according to which Democritus 1) "was a young man during Anaxagoras’s old age" and that 2) the Lesser World-System (Diakosmos) was compiled 730 years after the Fall of Troy. The article considers the argument in favor of the most authoritative datings belonging to Apollodorus and Thrasyllus, and draws special attention to the meaning of the dating of Democritus’ work by himself from the year of the Fall of Troy. The question arises, what prompted Democritus to talk about the date of the Fall of Troy and how he could calculate it. The article expresses the opinion that Democritus indicated the date of the Fall of Troy not with the aim of proposing its own date, different from others, but in order to date the Lesser World-System in the spirit of intellectual achievements of his time, in which, perhaps, the history of the development of mankind from the primitive state to the emergence of civilization was discussed. The article discusses how to explain the number 730 and argues that it can be the result of combinations of numbers 20 (the number of generations that lived from the Fall of Troy to Democritus), 35 – one of the constants used for calculations of generations in genealogical research, and 30. The last figure perhaps indicates the age of Democritus himself, when he wrote the Lesser Diakosmos: 30 years old. Keywords: Ancient Greek philosophy, Democritus, Anaxagoras, Greek chronography, doxographers, Apollodorus, Thrasyllus, capture of Troy, ancient genealogies, the length of a generation DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-18-31 Bembya L. Mitruyev. “Yogācārabhumi-Śāstra” as a Historical and Philosophical Source The article deals with “Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra” – a treatise on the Buddhist Yogācāra school. Concerning the authorship of this text, the Indian and Chinese traditions diverge: in the first, the treatise is attributed to Asanga, and in the second tradition to Maitreya. Most of the modern scholars consider it to be a compilation of many texts, and not the work of one author. Being an important monument for both the Yogacara tradition and Mahayana Buddhism in general, Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra is an object of scientific interest for the researchers all around the world. The text of the treatise consists of five parts, which are divided into chapters. The contents of the treatise sheds light on many concepts of Yogācāra, such as ālayavijñāna, trisvabhāva, kliṣṭamanas, etc. Having briefly considered the textological problems: authorship, dating, translation, commenting and genre of the text, the author suggests the reconstruction of the content of the entire monument, made on the basis of his own translation from the Tibetan and Sanskrit. This allows him to single out from the whole variety of topics those topics, the study of which will increase knowledge about the history of the formation of the basic philosophical concepts of Yogācāra and thereby allow a deeper understanding of the historical and philosophical process in Buddhism and in other philosophical movements of India. Keywords: Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra, Asaṅga, Māhāyana, Vijñānavāda, Yogācāra, Abhidharma, ālayavijñāna citta, bhūmi, mind, consciousness, meditation DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-32-43 Tatiana G. Korneeva. Knowledge in Nāșir Khusraw’s Philosophy The article deals with the concept of “knowledge” in the philosophy of Nāșir Khusraw. The author analyzes the formation of the theory of knowledge in the Arab-Muslim philosophy. At the early stages of the formation of the Arab-Muslim philosophy the discussion of the question of cognition was conducted in the framework of ethical and religious disputes. Later followers of the Falsafa introduced the legacy of ancient philosophers into scientific circulation and began to discuss the problems of cognition in a philosophical way. Nāșir Khusraw, an Ismaili philosopher of the 11th century, expanded the scope of knowledge and revised the goals and objectives of the process of cognition. He put knowledge in the foundation of the world order, made it the cause and ultimate goal of the creation of the world. In his philosophy knowledge is the link between the different levels of the universe. The article analyzes the Nāșir Khusraw’s views on the role of knowledge in various fields – metaphysics, cosmogony, ethics and eschatology. Keywords: knowledge, cognition, Ismailism, Nāșir Khusraw, Neoplatonism, Arab-Muslim philosophy, kalām, falsafa DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-44-55 Vera Pozzi. Problems of Ontology and Criticism of the Kantian Formalism in Irodion Vetrinskii’s “Institutiones Metaphysicae” (Part II) This paper is a follow-up of the paper «Irodion Vetrinskii’s “Institutiones Metaphysicae” and the St. Petersburg Theological Academy» (Part I). The issue and the role of “ontology” in Vetrinskii’s textbook is analyzed in detail, as well as the author’s critique of Kantian “formalism”: in this connection, the paper provides a description of Vetrinskii’s discussion about Kantian theory of the a priori forms of sensible intuition and understanding. To sum up, Vetrinskii was well acquainted not only with Kantian works – and he was able to fully evaluate their innovative significance – but also with late Scholastic textbooks of the German area. Moreover, he relied on the latters to build up an eclectic defense of traditional Metaphysics, avoiding at the same time to refuse Kantian perspective in the sake of mere reaffirming a “traditional” perspective. Keywords: Philosophizing at Russian Theological Academies, Russian Enlightenment, Russian early Kantianism, St. Petersburg Theological Academy, history of Russian philosophy, history of metaphysics, G.I. Wenzel, I. Ya. Vetrinskii DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-56-67 Alexey E. Savin. Criticism of Judaism in Hegel's Early “Theological” Writings The aim of the article is to reveal the nature of criticism of Judaism by the “young” Hegel and underlying intuitions. The investigation is based on the phenomenological approach. It seeks to explicate the horizon of early Hegel's thinking. The revolutionary role of early Hegel’s ideas reactivation in the history of philosophy is revealed. The article demonstrates the fundamental importance of criticism of Judaism for the development of Hegel's thought. The sources of Hegelian thematization and problematization of Judaism – his Protestant theological background within the framework of supranaturalism and the then discussion about human rights and political emancipation of Jews – are discovered. Hegel's interpretation of the history of the Jewish people and the origin of Judaism from the destruction of trust in nature, the fundamental mood of distrust and fear of the world, leading to the development of alienation, is revealed. The falsity of the widespread thesis about early Hegel’s anti-Semitism is demonstrated. The reasons for the transition of early Hegel from “theology” to philosophy are revealed. Keywords: Hegel, Judaism, history, criticism, anti-Semitism, trust, nature, alienation, tyranny, philosophy DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-68-80 Evgeniya A. Dolgova. Philosophy at the Institute of Red Professors (1921–1938): Institutional Forms, Methods of Teaching, Students, Lecturers The article explores the history of the Institute of the Red Professors in philosophy (1921–1938). Referring to the unpublished documents in the State Archives of the Russian Federation and the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the author explores its financial and infrastructure support, information sphere, characterizes students and teachers. The article illustrates the practical experience of the functioning of philosophy within the framework of one of the extraordinary “revolutionary” projects on the renewal of the scientific and pedagogical sphere, reflects a vivid and ambiguous picture of the work of the educational institution in the 1920s and 1930s and corrects some of historiographical judgments (about the politically and socially homogeneous composition of the Institute of Red Professors, the specifics of state support of its work, privileges and the social status of the “red professors”). Keywords: Institute of the Red Professors in Philosophy, Philosophical Department, soviet education, teachers, students, teaching methods DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-81-94 Vladimir V. Starovoitov. K. Horney about the Consequences of Neurotic Development and the Ways of Its Overcoming This article investigates the views of Karen Horney on psychoanalysis and neurotic development of personality in her last two books: “Our Inner Conflicts” (1945) and “Neurosis and Human Grows” (1950), and also in her two articles “On Feeling Abused” (1951) and “The Paucity of Inner Experiences” (1952), written in the last two years of her life and summarizing her views on clinical and theoretical problems in her work with neurotics. If in her first book “The Neurotic Personality of Our Time” (1937) neurosis was a result of disturbed interpersonal relations, caused by conditions of culture, then the concept of the idealized Self open the gates to the intrapsychic life. Keywords: Neo-Freudianism, psychoanalysis, neurotic development of personality, real Self, idealized image of Self DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-95-102 Publications and Translations Victoria G. Lysenko. Dignāga on the Definition of Perception in the Vādaviddhi of Vasubandhu. A Historical and Philosophical Reconstruction of Dignāga’s Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti (1.13-16) The paper investigates a fragment from Dignāga’s magnum opus Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti (“Body of tools for reliable knowledge with a commentary”, 1, 13-16) where Dignāga challenges Vasubandhu’s definition of perception in the Vādaviddhi (“Rules of the dispute”). The definition from the Vādaviddhi is being compared in the paper with Vasubandhu’s ideas of perception in Abhidharmakośabhāṣya (“Encyclopedia of Abhidharma with the commentary”), and with Dignāga’s own definition of valid perception in the first part of his Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti as well as in his Ālambanaparīkśavṛtti (“Investigation of the Object with the commentary”). The author puts forward the hypothesis that Dignāga criticizes the definition of perception in Vādaviddhi for the reason that it does not correspond to the teachings of Vasubandhu in his Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, to which he, Dignāga, referred earlier in his magnum opus. This helps Dignāga to justify his statement that Vasubandhu himself considered Vādaviddhi as not containing the essence of his teaching (asāra). In addition, the article reconstructs the logical sequence in Dignāga’s exegesis: he criticizes the Vādaviddhi definition from the representational standpoint of Sautrāntika school, by showing that it does not fulfill the function prescribed by Indian logic to definition, that of distinguishing perception from the classes of heterogeneous and homogeneous phenomena. Having proved the impossibility of moving further according to the “realistic logic” based on recognizing the existence of an external object, Dignāga interprets the Vādaviddhi’s definition in terms of linguistic philosophy, according to which the language refers not to external objects and not to the unique and private sensory experience (svalakṣaṇa-qualia), but to the general characteristics (sāmānya-lakṣaṇa), which are mental constructs (kalpanā). Keywords: Buddhism, linguistic philosophy, perception, theory of definition, consciousness, Vaibhashika, Sautrantika, Yogacara, Vasubandhu, Dignaga DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-103-117 Elizaveta A. Miroshnichenko. Talks about Lev N. Tolstoy: Reception of the Writer's Views in the Public Thought of Russia at the End of the 19th Century (Dedicated to the 190th Anniversary of the Great Russian Writer and Thinker) This article includes previously unpublished letters of Russian social thinkers such as N.N. Strakhov, E.M. Feoktistov, D.N. Tsertelev. These letters provide critical assessment of Lev N. Tolstoy’s teachings. The preface to publication includes the history of reception of Tolstoy’s moral and aesthetic philosophy by his contemporaries, as well as influence of his theory on the beliefs of Russian idealist philosopher D.N. Tsertelev. The author offers a rational reconstruction of the dialogue between two generations of thinkers representative of the 19th century – Lev N. Tolstoy and N.N. Strakhov, on the one hand, and D.N. Tsertelev, on the other. The main thesis of the paper: the “old” and the “new” generations of the 19th-century thinkers retained mutual interest and continuity in setting the problems and objectives of philosophy, despite the numerous worldview contradictions. Keywords: Russian philosophy of the nineteenth century, L.N. Tolstoy, N.N. Strakhov, D.N. Tsertelev, epistolary heritage, ethics, aesthetics DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-118-130 Reviews Nataliya A. Tatarenko. History of Philosophy in a Format of Lecture Notes (on Hegel G.W.F. Vorlesungen zur Ästhetik. Vorlesungsmitschrift Adolf Heimann (1828/1829). Hrsg. von A.P. Olivier und A. Gethmann-Siefert. München: Wilhelm Fink, 2017. XXXI + 254 S.) Released last year, the book “G.W.F. Hegel. Vorlesungen zur Ästhetik. Vorlesungsmitschrift Adolf Heimann (1828/1829)” in German is a publication of one of the student's manuskript of Hegel's lectures on aesthetics. Adolf Heimann was a student of Hegel in 1828/29. These notes open for us imaginary doors into the audience of the Berlin University, where Hegel read his fourth and final course on the philosophy of art. A distinctive feature of this course is a new structure of lectures in comparison with three previous courses. This three-part division was took by H.G. Hotho as the basis for the edited by him text “Lectures on Aesthetics”, included in the first collection of Hegel’s works. The content of that publication was mainly based on the lectures of 1823 and 1826. There are a number of differences between the analyzed published manuskript and the students' records of 1820/21, 1823 and 1826, as well as between the manuskript and the editorial version of H.G. Hotho. These features show that Hegel throughout all four series of Berlin lectures on the philosophy of art actively developed and revised the structure and content of aesthetics. But unfortunately this evidence of the permanent development was not taken into account by the first editor of Hegel's lectures on aesthetics. Keywords: G.W.F. Hegel, H.G. Hotho, philosophy of art, aesthetics, forms of art, idea of beauty, ideal DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-131-138 Alexander S. Tsygankov. On the Way to the Revival of Metaphysics: S.L. Frank and E. Coreth Readers are invited to review the monograph of the modern German researcher Oksana Nazarova “The problem of the renaissance and new foundation of metaphysics through the example of Christian philosophical tradition. Russian religious philosophy (Simon L. Frank) and German neosholastics (Emerich Coreth)”, which was published in 2017 in Munich. In the paper, the author offers a comparative analysis of the projects of a new, “post-dogmatic” metaphysics, which were developed in the philosophy of Frank and Coreth. This study addresses the problems of the cognitive-theoretical and ontological foundation of the renaissance of metaphysics, the methodological tools of the new metaphysics, as well as its anthropological component. O. Nazarova's book is based on the comparative analysis of Frank's religious philosophy and Coreth's neo-cholastic philosophy from the beginning to the end. This makes the study unique in its own way. Since earlier in the German reception of the heritage of Russian thinker, the comparison of Frank's philosophy with the Catholic theology of the 20th century was realized only fragmentarily and did not act as a fundamental one. Along with a deep and meaningful analysis of the metaphysical projects of both thinkers, this makes O. Nazarova's book relevant to anyone who is interested in the philosophical dialogue of Russia and Western Europe and is engaged in the work of Frank and Coreth. Keywords: the renaissance of metaphysics, post-Kantian philosophy, Christian philosophy, S.L. Frank, E. Coreth DOI: 10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-139-147". History of Philosophy 23, № 2 (2018): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2018-23-2-139-147.

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Zuhriddin, Juraev. "Book Review Essay: “The Drama of Atheist Humanism” by Henri de Lubac." Pharos Journal of Theology, no. 104(2) (August 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.104.233.

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In “The Drama of Atheist Humanism”, Henri de Lubac meticulously explores 19th-century efforts to overcome the limits of the divine and create a humanism. The book looks at the roots of modern atheism, focusing particularly on the influential contributions of figures such as Feuerbach, Nietzsche, and Comte. These figures were instrumental in shaping the path of contemporary humanism. De Lubac masterfully weaves together historical and philosophical currents with modern perspectives to expose the prevailing ideology that views Christianity as antiquated, a perspective that resonates throughout E

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Boużyk, Maria M. "The dispute about the vision of man in the research and didactic activity of prof. Zofia Józefa Zdybicka USAHJ. An attempt to reconstruct the pedagogical dimension of the philosopher’s life and work as a voice in the discussion on the issue of conservative pedagogy." Polska Myśl Pedagogiczna, no. 9 (2) (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/24504564pmp.23.019.18248.

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The article is devoted to reconstruct the pedagogical dimension of the life and work of Zofia Józefa Zdybicka USAHJ. This is done by revealing the values that guided the researcher in her life, her commitment to work for the community, but above all by her contribution to reading the issue of the philosophical foundations of pedagogy, in particular the relationship between theses in the field of philosophical anthropology and the direction of educational practice. Hence, in the content of the article, elements of the biography and memories of the philosopher were recalled, showing her as a per

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Lomova, E., M. Uyukbayeva, M. Kasymzhanova, and G. Bimurzayeva. "THE ARTISTIC WORLD OF F.DOSTOEVSKY IN THE ASPECT OF INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE." Danish scientific journal 81 (February 26, 2024). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10729083.

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<strong>Abstract </strong> Later, at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, female images in the works of F.Dostoevsky began to be studied not in the context of a particular work, but as one of the conceptual foundations of his entire literary heritage. The peculiarity of F.'s poetics Dostoevsky called the ability to create artistic characters that are valuable not so much in themselves as capable of deepening the degree of unhappiness experienced by other actors. When analyzing the characters of F.Dostoevsky also took as a basis an ethical and ideological approach, which includes the dominant ideo

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Wendland, Michał. "Prawo naturalne w ramach radykalnego oświecenia." Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej, December 31, 2020, 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36280/afpifs.2020.4.91.

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The main difference between classical (both ancient and medieval) and modern concepts of natural law lies in the assumption of its supernatural (divine) foundation. Early modern philosophical concepts tend to undermine and gradually to deny God or some other metaphysical entity as the source of natural law. Some contemporary scholars (e.g. Habermas, Bobbio) define this process as transition (modernization, rationalization, Positivisierung) of traditional natural law towards the idea of natural rights and human rights. We can distinguish at least three main schools of natural law during the 17t

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"Comparison of Dawkins and Mutahhari's Views on Abortion Based on SWOT Analysis." Journal of Religion and Health, March 15, 2025, 84–94. https://doi.org/10.32592/jrh.12.2.84.

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The imposition of legal restrictions on unsafe abortions, the risk to women's mental and physical health, the increase in healthcare costs, and its impact on the national health budget necessitate a thorough examination of this issue. One of the most influential thinkers in this field is Richard Dawkins (born March 26, 1941), an English ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and atheist who is a staunch advocate of abortion and calls for the removal of all restrictions on it. Evolution and consequentialist ethics are the two main foundations of his argument. Motahhari, as a philosopher and theolo

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Almkaneen, Malek. "Moral evil: Spinoza is within the limits of Kant." An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), April 2022, 919–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35552/0247-036-004-008.

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The Kantian problematic of the so called the natural state of human being, as manifest objectively, is rooted in the notion of natural freedom (free will) for every moral and rational individual. Such a freedom has nothing to do with a human’s ignorance of the deterministic necessity that governs existence, as once addressed by Spinoza. Conversely, it is a natural substance dictated by the pragmatic use of reason for the sake of an individual moral legalization. Drawing on Kant, Spinoza’s paradigm of ethics is an atheist form, or a theoretical alternative representation of religion. However, S

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Astorga, John Mark. "Faith and Reason: Reinventing Scholasticism in Postmodern Philippine Catholic Education." Journal of Contemporary Philosophical and Anthropological Studies 2, no. 4 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.59652/jcpas.v2i4.327.

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This paper aims to present the necessity of a new scholastic movement as an intellectual and religious movement and to reinvent it in the context of 21st Century Philippine Catholic Education. This reinvention of Scholasticism aims to design a curriculum for Senior high school students in order to equip them in understanding and defending the Catholic Faith and Teachings. Since the Catholic Church is facing the problems given by postmodernism and atheism, there is a need for another scholastic movement to counter these problems. This paper uses in-depth and comprehensive analysis of texts rela

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Valdez, Earl Allyson. "Aquinas in the Conceptual Border." Scientia - The International Journal on the Liberal Arts 7, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.57106/scientia.v7i1.87.

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Recent studies have shown that philosophy and theology, two disciplines separated and distinguished from each other for more than five hundred years, are closer in reality than how philosophers and theologians of today understand them. This is even more evident in those who reflect on the socalled “death of metaphysics” and the “end of philosophy” that Martin Heidegger proclaims. This, however, cannot escape the question of dealing with St. Thomas Aquinas’ philosophical and theological enterprise, whose intellectual spirit is characterized by delving both into philosophical and theological que

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Collins, Steve. "‘Property Talk’ and the Revival of Blackstonian Copyright." M/C Journal 9, no. 4 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2649.

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    Proponents of the free culture movement argue that contemporary, “over-zealous” copyright laws have an adverse affect on the freedoms of consumers and creators to make use of copyrighted materials. Lessig, McLeod, Vaidhyanathan, Demers, and Coombe, to name but a few, detail instances where creativity and consumer use have been hindered by copyright laws. The “intellectual land-grab” (Boyle, “Politics” 94), instigated by the increasing value of intangibles in the information age, has forced copyright owners to seek maximal protection for copyrighted materials. A prop

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