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1

Watson, James. "The origin of metic status at Athens." Cambridge Classical Journal 56 (2010): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270500000348.

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It is widely held as uncontroversial that throughout the classical period male inhabitants of Attica were divided between three distinct categories – Athenian citizens, metics (regularly translated as ‘resident aliens’) and slaves – and that Athenian society had, therefore, a tripartite structure. The opportunities available to and requirements demanded of a man depended on his category. Those foreigners permanently resident in Attica – those with the legal status of ‘metic’ – were, unlike slaves, free, but, unlike citizens, they could not own land, vote in the Assembly, or serve as adikasteso
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2

Van Wees, Hans. "Demetrius and Draco: Athens' property classes and population in and before 317 BC." Journal of Hellenic Studies 131 (November 2011): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075426911000073.

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AbstractThe nature of the census figures produced by Demetrius of Phaleron, crucial evidence for the size of the Athenian population, has been misunderstood. The census categories were not ‘native Athenians, foreign residents and slaves’, but ‘citizens above the property qualification, residents without political rights and members of households’. The property qualification of 1,000 drachmas associated with Demetrius' regime was the requirement for holding the highest offices; the property requirement for citizenship rights was lower, as it was in the spurious constitution of Draco described i
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3

Christ, Matthew R. "Ostracism, Sycophancy, and Deception of the Demos: [Arist.] Ath.Pol. 43.5." Classical Quarterly 42, no. 2 (1992): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800015974.

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Several features of this compact passage have puzzled scholars ever since the discovery of the Aristotelian Constitution of the Athenians a century ago. First, did the Athenian Assembly really deliberate on all these disparate matters in the chief meeting of the sixth prytany, and if so, why? Second, why did it limit complaints (probolai) against sycophants to a total of six divided equally between citizens and metics? Since the answers we give to these questions are fundamental to our understanding of basic Athenian institutions, they deserve careful consideration. This paper will argue that
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4

Heath, Malcolm. "Greek Literature." Greece and Rome 61, no. 2 (2014): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383514000096.

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Geoffrey Bakewell finds in Aeschylus'Suppliants‘an invaluable perspective on Athenian attempts at establishing their own identity in the late 460sbce’. The play presents a ‘displaced self-portrait of Athens’, and the ‘ambivalent welcome to exotic immigrants’ and ‘wariness towards outsiders’ makes that portrait ‘not entirely flattering’ (ix). I am not sure whether this judgement is meant to express a modern perspective, or that of Aeschylus' audience. Bakewell claims that metics ‘by their very nature constituted an existential threat to the democratic city and its self-understanding’ (8), and t
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5

Morales, Fábio Augusto. "Homo Oeconomicos: The Athenian Metics in the XIX and XX Century Historiography." Mare Nostrum (São Paulo) 1, no. 1 (2010): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v1i1p37-56.

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Este artigo apresenta um estudo crítico da historiografia sobre os metecos atenienses discutindo os limites e possibilidades de estudos feitos por q uatro autores (Clerc, Whitehead, Román e Baslez). O artigo termina com uma análise de um discurso de Lísias chamado Contra Filon , acerca de um cidadão ateniense que se torna meteco em uma pólis próxima de Atenas, Oropus, durante o regime dos Trinta e a subsequente guerra de restauração democrática; esta análise é aqui apresentada como um exemplo de superação da dicotomia tradicional cidadão (homo politicus)/meteco (homo oeconomicus), mostrando ao
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6

Harris, Edward M. "Metics and the Athenian Phialai-Inscriptions: A Study in Athenian Epigraphy and Law (review)." Classical World 105, no. 4 (2012): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/clw.2012.0023.

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7

Sara, Wijma. "Joining the Athenian Community. The Participation of Metics in Athenian Polis Religion in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C." Mnemosyne 64, no. 3 (2011): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852511x548478.

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8

Guicharrousse, Romain. "Embracing the Immigrant. The Participation of Metics in Athenian Polis Religion (5th–4." Kernos, no. 28 (October 1, 2015): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/kernos.2345.

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9

Bakewell, Geoffrey W. "Μετοιϰία in the "Supplices" of Aeschylus". Classical Antiquity 16, № 2 (1997): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25011063.

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In Aeschylus' "Supplices" the Danaids flee their cousins and take refuge at Argos. Scholars have noted similarities between the Argos of the play and contemporary Athens. Yet one such correspondence has generally been overlooked: the Danaids are awarded sanctuary in terms reflecting mid fifth-century Athenian μετοιϰία, a process providing for the partial incorporation of non-citizens into polis life. Danaus and his daughters are of Argive ancestry and take up residence within the city, yet do not become citizens. Instead, they receive the right μετοιϰεῖν τῆσδε γῆς (609). As metics they retain
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10

Kennedy, Rebecca Futo. "Sara M. Wijma, Embracing the Immigrant. The Participation of Metics in Athenian polis Religion. 2014." Klio 100, no. 1 (2018): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/klio-2018-0016.

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11

Balachandran, Sanchita. "Bringing Back the (Ancient) Bodies: The Potters’ Sensory Experiences and the Firing of Red, Black and Purple Greek Vases." Arts 8, no. 2 (2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8020070.

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The study of Athenian black-figure and red-figure ceramics is haunted by nearly a thousand “hands” of the artisans thought to be responsible for their painted images. But what of the bodies attached to those hands? Who were they? Given the limited archaeological and epigraphic evidence for these ancient makers, this study attempts to recover their physical bodies through the ceramics production process—specifically the firing of vessels—as a communal activity potentially including a large cast of participants including craftsmen and craftswomen, metics, freed people and slaves. Using an experi
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12

Patterson, Cynthia. "Sara M. Wijma.Embracing the Immigrant: The Participation of Metics in Athenian Polis Religion (5th–4th Century BC)." American Historical Review 121, no. 2 (2016): 631–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/121.2.631.

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13

Sickinger, James P. "E.A. Meyer Metics and the Athenian Phialai-Inscriptions: a Study in Athenian Epigraphy and Law (Historia Einzelschrift 208). Stuttgart: Steiner, 2010. Pp. 167, illus. €56. 9783515093316." Journal of Hellenic Studies 133 (2013): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075426913000505.

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14

Kennedy, Rebecca Futo. "(S.M.) Wijma Embracing the Immigrant: The Participation of Metics in Athenian Polis Religion (Historia Einzelschriften 233). Stuttgart: Steiner Verlag, 2014. Pp. 197. €53. 9783515106429." Journal of Hellenic Studies 137 (2017): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075426917000337.

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15

Papazarkadas, Nikolaos. "The Phialai-Inscriptions - (E.A.) Meyer Metics and the Athenian Phialai-Inscriptions. A Study in Athenian Epigraphy and Law. (Historia Einzelschriften 208.) Pp. 168, ills, pls. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2010. Cased, €56. ISBN: 978-3-515-09331-6." Classical Review 62, no. 2 (2012): 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x12001011.

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16

Willey, Hannah. "THE ROLE OF METICS IN ATHENS - S.M. Wijma Embracing the Immigrant. The Participation of Metics in Athenian Polis Religion (5th–4th century bc). (Historia Einzelschriften 233.) Pp. 197. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2014. Cased, €53. ISBN: 978-3-515-10642-9." Classical Review 67, no. 1 (2016): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x16001712.

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17

Bazant, Jan. "The case for a complex approach to athenian vase painting." Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens 5, no. 1 (1990): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/metis.1990.949.

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18

Houby-Nielsen, Sanne. "Women and the formation of the athenian City-State [The evidence of burial customs]." Mètis. Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens 11, no. 1 (1996): 233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/metis.1996.1057.

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19

Whitehead, David. "The ideology of the Athenian metic: some pendants and a reappraisal." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 32 (1986): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068673500004867.

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Nine years being nobody's idea of a significant anniversary, it will be understood that there is no celebratory intent in my returning here – with the kind permission of the Editors – to The Ideology of the Athenian Metic. Nor does it represent an author's peevish response to reviewers' nit-pickings, just or unjust. Rather, two purposes are to be served. The first is simply to bring together some of the less inconsequential addenda and corrigenda which any scholarly work (good or bad) generates, on the basis that the result might be a Nachtrag of some service to users of the book, and others;
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20

Michael B. Walbank. "Two New Lists of Athenians and Metics: Agora I 5178." Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 84, no. 2 (2015): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2972/hesperia.84.2.0389.

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21

Carey, C. "Apollodoros' Mother: The Wives of Enfranchised Aliens in Athens." Classical Quarterly 41, no. 1 (1991): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800003554.

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The banker Pasion, father of the notorious fourth-century litigant and politician Apollodoros, some of whose speeches have survived under the name of Demosthenes, was originally a slave; freed by his owners, he made a substantial fortune from banking and subsequently received Athenian citizenship for his generous gifts to the city. At [Dem.] 59.2 we are given a paraphrase of the decree which enfranchised him: 'Aθηναον εἶναι Πασωνα κα κγνους τοὺς κενου ‘[the Athenian people voted] that Pasion and his descendants should be Athenian’. In common with inscriptions recording grants of citizenship, a
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22

Tsalidis, C., D. Christodoulakis, and D. Maritsas. "Athena: A software measurement and metrics environment." Journal of Software Maintenance: Research and Practice 4, no. 2 (1992): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smr.4360040202.

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23

Robles, Martha. "El símbolo de Atenea." Theoría. Revista del Colegio de Filosofía, no. 10 (June 1, 2001): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ffyl.16656415p.2000.10.246.

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Despite being one of the richest and most suggestive myths about the feminine condition, Athene, the prudent warrior and founder of Athenian law, has been the least interpreted by contemporary thinkers within the Olympian deities. It did not receive Freud’s attention nor was granted the symbol of ‘feminine virility’. Born of her father’s skull, she has now been related to the cultural character in Martha Robles essay “The Symbol of Athene”, which starts with Metis’ fatality: feminine wisdom, and intends to understand when the determination of fate coincides with the ‘The Law of the Father’. At
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24

Wallace, Robert W. "Charmides, Agariste and Damon: Andokides 1.16." Classical Quarterly 42, no. 2 (1992): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800015962.

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In De myst. 1.11–18 (see also 1.25), Andokides reports a series of four judicial denunciations (μην⋯σεις), made before the Athenians on four separate occasions in 415 B.c., concerning profanations of the Eleusinian Mysteries. After statements from the slave Andromachos and the metic Teukros, ‘a third denunciation followed. The wife of Alkmaionides, who had also been the wife of Damon, a woman named Agariste, made a denunciation that in the house of Charmides beside the Olympieion, Alkibiades, Axiochos and Adeimantos celebrated mysteries. And at this denunciation all these men fled’ (1.16). A f
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25

Bakewell, Geoffrey. "Agamemnon 437: Chrysamoibos Ares, Athens and Empire." Journal of Hellenic Studies 127 (November 2007): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075426900001646.

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Abstract:The chorus' depiction of Ares as a ‘gold-changer of bodies’ and trader in precious metals underscores the increased intersection of finances and war in fifth-century Athens. The metaphor's details point to three contemporary developments (in addition to the patrios nomos allusion noted by Fraenkel): the increased conscription of citizens, the institution of pay for military service, and the payment of financial support for war orphans. And as leader of the Delian League, Athens itself resembled the war-god, establishing equivalents between men and money, and profiting from its accepta
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26

Zoller, Coleen Patricia. "Plato and Equality for Women across Social Class." Journal of Ancient Philosophy 15, no. 1 (2021): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-9471.v15i1p35-62.

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This essay will marshal evidence for Plato’s extension of equal education and professional opportunity to all women, including artisan women who are not his ideal city’s philosopher-queens. I examine the explicit commentary in the Republic, Timaeus, and Laws about women in artisan professions, and I link it together with the three of the core principles advanced in the Republic, particularly (1) the principle of specialization (R. 369b-370c), (2) the principle of irrelevant reproductive differences (R. 454b-e, 456b), and (3) the principle of children’s potential (R. 415a-c, 423c-d) that arises
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27

Chiotis, E. D., and P. G. Marinos. "Geological aspects on the sustainability of ancient aqueducts of Athens." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 46 (December 21, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10924.

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Geological aspects of the ancient aqueducts of Athens are examined with particular emphasis on the hydrogeological and geotechnical conditions which made possible their continuous function throughout the centuries up today. In particular, the sustainability of the Hymettos and the Hadrianic aqueducts is investigated and attributed to the capture of underground water and the skillful construction of the tunnels. The geometry of the Hadrianic aqueduct and the situation in the ancient tunnel are presented based on data obtained during the resumption of the ancient work in the 19th and 20th centur
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28

Gill, David W. J. "Pots and Trade: Spacefillers or Objets D'Art?" Journal of Hellenic Studies 111 (November 1991): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/631886.

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It is now a commonplace view that fine pottery may not have formed the major part of any cargo in antiquity. The archaeological evidence of shipwrecks seems to confirm the view held by most students of the ancient economy that pots—both fine and coarse—were merely ‘parasitic’ on the main items of trade, staples, metals and slaves. However there are some who plead a special case for the fine wares—especially the figure-decorated—during the archaic and classical periods. J. Boardman, for example, though in principle in agreement with the general view that pottery accompanied ‘more important mate
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29

Balestra, P., F. Giannetti, G. Caruso, and A. Alfonsi. "New RELAP5-3D Lead and LBE Thermophysical Properties Implementation for Safety Analysis of Gen IV Reactors." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1687946.

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The latest versions of RELAP5-3D©code allow the simulation of thermodynamic system, using different type of working fluids, that is, liquid metals, molten salt, diathermic oil, and so forth, thanks to the ATHENA code integration. The RELAP5-3D©water thermophysical properties are largely verified and validated; however there are not so many experiments to generate the liquid metals ones in particular for the Lead and the Lead Bismuth Eutectic. Recently, new and more accurate experimental data are available for liquid metals. The comparison between these state-of-the-art data and the RELAP5-3D©d
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30

Mernier, F., E. Cucchetti, L. Tornatore, et al. "Constraining the origin and models of chemical enrichment in galaxy clusters using the Athena X-IFU." Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (October 2020): A90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038638.

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Chemical enrichment of the Universe at all scales is related to stellar winds and explosive supernovae phenomena. Metals produced by stars and later spread throughout the intracluster medium (ICM) at the megaparsec scale become a fossil record of the chemical enrichment of the Universe and of the dynamical and feedback mechanisms determining their circulation. As demonstrated by the results of the soft X-ray spectrometer onboard Hitomi, high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy is the path to differentiating among the models that consider different metal-production mechanisms, predict the outcoming y
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31

Dusanic, Slobodan. "Julian's strategy in AD 361." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 41 (2004): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0441055d.

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Both Roman generals and modern historians have tended to find Julian's moves in the civil war of AD 361 hazardous as well as difficult to understand. This is especially true of his long, ultra-rapid and semi-clandestine journey down the Danube, which was carried out by a dangerously small corps (under the command of the Usurper himself !) and ended with a very brief visit to Sirmium. A competent and, otherwise, cautious general, Julian must have had strong reasons for the risky haste that led him to Sirmium. These reasons were not primarily of a military nature, though enlistment of fresh troo
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32

Gastaldello, Fabio, Aurora Simionescu, Francois Mernier, et al. "The Metal Content of the Hot Atmospheres of Galaxy Groups." Universe 7, no. 7 (2021): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7070208.

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Galaxy groups host the majority of matter and more than half of all the galaxies in the Universe. Their hot (107 K), X-ray emitting intra-group medium (IGrM) reveals emission lines typical of many elements synthesized by stars and supernovae. Because their gravitational potentials are shallower than those of rich galaxy clusters, groups are ideal targets for studying, through X-ray observations , feedback effects, which leave important marks on their gas and metal contents. Here, we review the history and present status of the chemical abundances in the IGrM probed by X-ray spectroscopy. We di
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33

Arcodia, R., S. Campana, R. Salvaterra, and G. Ghisellini. "X-ray absorption towards high-redshift sources: probing the intergalactic medium with blazars." Astronomy & Astrophysics 616 (August 2018): A170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732322.

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The role played by the intergalactic medium (IGM) in the X-ray absorption towards high-redshift sources has recently drawn more attention in spectral analysis studies. Here, we study the X-ray absorption towards 15 flat-spectrum radio quasars at z > 2, relying on high counting statistic (≳10 000 photons) provided by XMM-Newton, with additional NuSTAR (and simultaneous Swift-XRT) observations when available. Blazars can be confidently considered to have negligible X-ray absorption along the line of sight within the host galaxy, likely swept by the kpc-scale relativistic jet. This makes our s
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34

Wijers, Nastasha A., Joop Schaye, and Benjamin D. Oppenheimer. "The warm-hot circumgalactic medium around EAGLE-simulation galaxies and its detection prospects with X-ray and UV line absorption." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 498, no. 1 (2020): 574–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2456.

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ABSTRACT We use the EAGLE (Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments) cosmological simulation to study the distribution of baryons, and far-ultraviolet (O vi), extreme-ultraviolet (Ne viii), and X-ray (O vii, O viii, Ne ix, and Fe xvii) line absorbers, around galaxies and haloes of mass $\,{M}_{\rm {200c}}= 10^{11}$–$10^{14.5} \, \rm {M}_{\odot}$ at redshift 0.1. EAGLE predicts that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) contains more metals than the interstellar medium across halo masses. The ions we study here trace the warm-hot, volume-filling phase of the CGM, but are biased towar
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35

Wujewski, Tomasz. "Kolos rodyjski: gdzie stał i jak był wykonany." Artium Quaestiones, no. 29 (May 7, 2019): 289–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/aq.2018.29.11.

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Colossus of Rhodes: Where It Stood and How It Was Made The author, just as Ursula Vedder, who has expressed the same opinion recently, has been long sure that the place where the Colossus of Rhodes was located was the acropolis of the town of Rhodes. The paper includes also some arguments that have not been presented by the German scholar. At first, some source information concerning the Colossus has been briefly summarized. For instance, the expression in APV, 171 (Overbeck 1543), ou gar hyper pelagos monon anthesan alla kai en ga, may be understood as confirming its location in the acropolis
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36

Valente, Marcello. "Athenian Decree for the Defenders of Democracy." Axon, no. 1 (June 29, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/axon/2532-6848/2018/01/006.

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After the overthrow of the oligarchic régime of the Thirty and the restoration of democracy, Thrasybulus proposed to grant citizenship to those who had fought in defence of democracy, among which there were several slaves. His decree was dismissed on a technicality by Archinus. Shortly thereafter, Archinus approved a decree granting only formal honours to those (citizens and foreigners) who had fought in defence of the Athenian demos. The decree preserved in this inscription displays the grant of honours to foreigners and metics who had fought for democracy. The fragmentary state of the docume
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37

Smarczyk, Bernhard. "Sara M. Wijma, Embracing the Immigrant. The Participation of Metics in Athenian Polis Religion (5th–4th Century BC). (Historia – Einzelschriften, Bd. 233.) Stuttgart, Steiner 2014." Historische Zeitschrift 303, no. 3 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2016-0475.

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38

"Current status of the metal pollution of the environment of Greece - a review." Issue 3 10, no. 3 (2013): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30955/gnj.000597.

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ABSTRACT
 Pollution from metals and metalloids of the environment of Greece seemed to attract many
 researchers and elemental pollutants in air, soil and water have been determined and studied
 systematically during the last decade. The most recent of these studies, concerning the last
 five years (2003 to 2008), were reviewed and the major problems of the occurrence of heavy
 metals in the country’s environment were pointed out.
 Regarding the atmospheric environment, the chemical characterization of particulate matter of
 the big Greek cities attracted the
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