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Journal articles on the topic 'Athlete health'
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1
Benardot, Dan. "Working with Young Athletes: Views of a Nutritionist on the Sports Medicine Team." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 6, no. 2 (June 1996): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.2.110.
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Athletes are influenced by coaches, other athletes, media, parents, the national sport governing body, members of the sports medicine team, and the athlete's own desire for success. It is impossible, therefore, for one member of the sports medicine team to unilaterally determine workable solutions that enhance performance and diminish health problems in an athlete. A focus on ensuring that the athlete can perform to the best of her ability is a key to encouraging discussion between the nutritionist, athlete, and coach. Using the assumption that health and top athletic performance are compatible, this focus on performance provides a discussion point that all parties can agree to and, if approached properly, also fulfills the nutritionist's goal of achieving optimal nutritional status. Membership on the sports medicine team mandates that the nutritionist know the paradigms and health risks associated with the sport and develop assessment and feedback procedures specific to the athlete's needs.
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Wan Ahmad, Wan Nurlisa, Mohd Azrul Hisham Mohd Adib, Zulkifli Ahmad @ Manap, Fardila Mohd Zaihidee, and Mon Redee Sut Txi. "Integration of the Health Monitoring System with IoT Application in Sports Technology: A Review." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si5, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-si5(2)-11.
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Nowadays, monitoring health systems in robust technology has been extensively applied in the sports field. Even though massive utilization of wearable device technologies aims to quantify athlete performance, inconsistent performance still exists between training sessions and competition. The rigorous discussion about the latest research in monitoring technological systems will help trainers obtain accurate data about athlete performance. This paper focuses on the athlete monitoring system in terms of psychological and physiological parameters and applications in individual sports based on Internet of Things (IoT) Technology. The study incorporates three factors: the parameters that affect athlete performance, multiple device sensors in sports health monitoring, and IoT technology’s application for athletes. Based on analysis and observation, efficient sports health monitoring can effectively enhance athlete performance in physiological and psychological conditions. An IoT system encompasses four main aspects: sensing, networking, data processing and application layer. These aspects provide real-time information on the athlete’s body condition during training and games. Therefore, this monitoring system greatly assists coaches in designing practical training and activities for athletes. It is highlighted that wearable health monitoring systems by IoT technology will be further built based on athlete requirements.
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Kroshus, Emily, Jessica Wagner, David Wyrick, Amy Athey, Lydia Bell, Holly J. Benjamin, Michael A. Grandner, et al. "Wake up call for collegiate athlete sleep: narrative review and consensus recommendations from the NCAA Interassociation Task Force on Sleep and Wellness." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 12 (May 16, 2019): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100590.
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Sleep is an important determinant of collegiate athlete health, well-being and performance. However, collegiate athlete social and physical environments are often not conducive to obtaining restorative sleep. Traditionally, sleep has not been a primary focus of collegiate athletic training and is neglected due to competing academic, athletic and social demands. Collegiate athletics departments are well positioned to facilitate better sleep culture for their athletes. Recognising the lack of evidence-based or consensus-based guidelines for sleep management and restorative sleep for collegiate athletes, the National Collegiate Athletic Association hosted a sleep summit in 2017. Members of the Interassociation Task Force on Sleep and Wellness reviewed current data related to collegiate athlete sleep and aimed to develop consensus recommendations on sleep management and restorative sleep using the Delphi method. In this paper, we provide a narrative review of four topics central to collegiate athlete sleep: (1) sleep patterns and disorders among collegiate athletes; (2) sleep and optimal functioning among athletes; (3) screening, tracking and assessment of athlete sleep; and (4) interventions to improve sleep. We also present five consensus recommendations for colleges to improve their athletes’ sleep.
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von Rosen, Philip, Linda Ekenros, Guro Strøm Solli, Øyvind Sandbakk, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Angelica Lindén Hirschberg, and Cecilia Fridén. "Offered Support and Knowledge about the Menstrual Cycle in the Athletic Community: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1086 Female Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 11932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911932.
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Many female athletes perceive that symptoms related to the menstrual cycle such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual symptoms, amenorrhea or side-effects of hormonal contraceptives negatively impact their training, performance, and general well-being. Knowledge and communication about female athletes’ health is therefore important in the sport community. The aims of this study were to explore the level of knowledge and communication about menstrual cycle issues and use of hormonal contraceptives in the athletic community and to describe the kinds of medical support offered to female athletes. A total of 1086 Swedish and Norwegian athletes from 57 different sports responded to a web-based questionnaire. Of these, 58% (n = 627) practiced team sports and 42% (n = 459) individual sports. Twenty-six percent (n = 278) of the athletes perceived their knowledge about female athlete health to be poor/very poor and the knowledge was most often acquired from medical staff. Fifty-three percent (n = 572) of the athletes perceived the knowledge acquired of their coaches as poor/very poor, even though a significantly (p < 0.001) higher proportion of athletes with a female coach (30%, n = 31) rated their coach’s knowledge as very good/good, compared to athletes with a male coach (5%, n = 31). Only 11% (n = 116) of the athletes discussed female health issues with their coach. The majority (81%, n = 842) of the athletes partly to strongly agreed that female athlete health is considered a taboo topic in the athletic community. Forty-seven percent (n = 510) of the athletes had access to a physiotherapist, while only three percent (n = 29) had access to a gynecologist. Low perceived knowledge, lack of communication and support demonstrate the need for a multi-professional medical team and enhanced educational efforts focused on female athlete health in the athletic community.
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Bennett, Marion. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and Student-Athlete Mental Health: A Social Work in Sports Perspective." Sport Social Work Journal 2, no. 1 (July 18, 2022): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/sswj.2.1.77-85.
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The present discussion reviews the current literature on the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on college student-athlete mental health and advocates for the inclusion of trauma informed mental health social work practice in addressing the needs of this uniquely at-risk, and vulnerable population. The sport ethic model is presented as a cognitive lens through which social workers may better understand the athletic context. Sports social work practitioners, skilled in trauma informed mental health practice, focus on the personal and contextual influences that potentially affect athlete mental health and well-being. In this way, sports social workers are uniquely qualified to address challenges of the athletic experience and provide athletes with the resources and support needed to successfully thrive in the athletic context.
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Kraemer, William, Craig Denegar, and Shawn Flanagan. "Recovery From Injury in Sport: Considerations in the Transition From Medical Care to Performance Care." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 1, no. 5 (September 2009): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738109343156.
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Return from athletic injury can be a lengthy and difficult process. The injured athlete commonly receives care from several providers during rehabilitation. As their condition improves, injured athletes resume strength and conditioning programs and sport-specific activities in preparation for return to play. Until full medical clearance is provided to return to sport and the athlete is psychologically ready to return to play, the injured athlete remains a patient regardless of who is developing and supervising each component of the recovery process. An understanding of and commitment to the plan of care for each athlete, as well as communication among health care providers, strength and conditioning specialists, coaches, and the athletes, are essential to the safest and most efficient recovery from injury.
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Mennitti, Cristina, Mariarita Brancaccio, Luca Gentile, Annaluisa Ranieri, Daniela Terracciano, Michele Cennamo, Evelina La Civita, et al. "Athlete’s Passport: Prevention of Infections, Inflammations, Injuries and Cardiovascular Diseases." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082540.
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Laboratory medicine in sports medicine is taking on an ever-greater role in the assessment and monitoring of an athlete’s health condition. The acute or intense exercise practiced by elite athletes can lead to the appearance of infections, inflammations, muscle injuries or cardiovascular disorders, whose diagnosis is not always rapid and efficient, as there is no continuous monitoring of the athlete. The absence of such monitoring can have serious consequences in terms of recovery of the professional athlete. These imbalances can induce metabolic adaptations which translate into alterations of specific parameters in terms of concentration and activity. The aim of this study was to follow the variation of specific biochemical biomarkers in a basketball team participating to the maximum championship during different phases of the agonistic season. The evaluation of serum biomarkers can help doctors to safeguard the athlete’s health and sports trainers to adapt workouts, thus avoiding the appearance of diseases and injuries that in some cases can be underestimated by becoming irreversible ailments that do not allow the athlete to return to a healthy state. This information can be useful to create athlete biologic passports.
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Ahmad, Hasan, Elif Nilay Ada, Sophia Jowett, Kholoud Alabduljader, and Zişan Kazak. "The Validation of Direct and Meta Versions of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (ArCART-Q) in the Arabic Language: Their Relationship to Athlete’s Satisfaction with Individual Performance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041998.
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Background: The first aim of this study is to achieve validation of the direct and meta-perspective versions of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire in the Arabic language, and the second aim of this study is to determine the quality of the coach-athlete relationship to athlete’ satisfaction with individual performance according to sport participation type, sport duration, and sport achievement. Methods: A total of 259 athletes with a mean age of 22 years were recruited from various athletic clubs in Kuwait. Participants completed The Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire and The Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire. For this study, the factorial structure of the Arabic version of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) was used in Kuwait and was prepared with both direct and meta perspectives. Results: The results of this study show evidence of the validity of the direct and meta-perspective Arabic versions of the CART-Q. The fit indices of the data collected by direct-method were as follows (x2/df = 2.21; RMSEA = 0.06; CFI = 0.98; GFI = 0.95; AGFI = 0.91); data for the meta-method were as follows (x2/df = 2.32; RMSEA = 0.08; CFI = 0.99; GFI = 0.93; AGFI = 0.87). Female participants have obtained higher means than males from all questionnaires. Conclusions: The results of the present study could help coaches and athletes from the Middle East to understand the reasons and methods that lead to a quality coach–athlete relationship.
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Moore, Matt, Jerry Reynolds, Kristin Trainor, and Jessi Kiefor. "Pandemics and Athletics: How COVID-19 Affected Sport Injury Rehabilitation." Sport Social Work Journal 2, no. 1 (July 18, 2022): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/sswj.2.1.7-20.
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Purpose: This study sought to better understand the lived experiences of NCAA student-athletes who suffered an injury during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive phenomenological approach with focus groups. Researchers interviewed eleven student-athletes that fit the inclusion criteria. Researchers analyzed interview transcriptions for themes. Results: Themes included: (1) emotional stress, (2) impact on interpersonal relationships, and (3) delay in recovery. The research team identified subthemes to further expand the concepts illustrated within the main themes. Conclusions: This research provides insight to the common reactions of a student-athlete post-injury, interpersonal impacts on a student-athlete from both their injury and COVID-19, rehabilitation changes due to COVID-19, and a perspective from injured student-athletes on the current availability and effectiveness of athletic training and wrap-around mental-health resources. Applications in Sport: This information proves valuable for athletic trainers, sport psychologists, sport social workers, and other physical and behavioral health providers working to promote the rehabilitation and well-being of an injured athlete during global pandemics.
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Bender, Katherine, and Kendel Jester. "Empowering collegiate athletic staff to prevent student athlete suicide." Journal of Higher Education Athletics & Innovation 1, no. 9 (November 8, 2022): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5267.2021.1.9.17-32.
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Suicide is the second leading cause of death for 18-24 years (Curtin & Heron, 2018). Suicide is the 4th leading cause of death among college student athletes (Rao et al., 2015). While not all student athletes will be seen by mental health professionals, all student athletes interact with their campus athletic staff: athletic trainers, coaches, etc. This paper provides an overview of the risk factors and warning signs suicidal student athletes may exhibit and offers resources and best practices for athletic staff to be informed and proactive in preventing student athlete suicide.
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Walsh, Megan, Nancy Crowell, and Daniel Merenstein. "Exploring Health Demographics of Female Collegiate Rowers." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 6 (May 12, 2020): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-132-19.
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Context Limited information exists about health patterns among female rowers at the collegiate level. Furthermore, the element of weight class (lightweights classified as <130 lb [59 kg]) as a factor in the physical and mental health of female collegiate athletes has not been investigated, despite weight requirements in sport being a risk factor for the female athlete triad. Objective To test the hypotheses that (1) components of the female athlete triad were more prevalent in lightweight than in openweight rowers; (2) perceived stress levels were greater in lightweight than in openweight rowers; and (3) rowers who were unable to row due to injury had greater perceived stress levels than uninjured athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Twelve collegiate women's rowing programs consisting of 6 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I openweight and 6 Intercollegiate Rowing Association–level lightweight teams. Patients or Other Participants A total of 158 female collegiate rowers (78 lightweight, 80 openweight). Main Outcome Measure(s) An electronic survey addressing injury history, diet and eating habits and body image (according to the triad screening questionnaire), stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale), and athlete identity (Athlete Identity Measurement Scale) was administered. Results Lightweight rowers reported limiting or carefully controlling foods more frequently than openweight rowers (41.9% to 29.9%, P = .013). A history of an eating disorder was more prevalent among lightweight than openweight rowers (25.7% to 13.0%, P = .048). Prevalences of stress fractures and menstrual irregularities did not differ between weight classes. Lightweight and openweight rowers' scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (16.0 ± 9.9 and 17.3 ± 6.4, respectively) were not different. Injured rowers scored higher on the Perceived Stress Scale (19.4 ± 7.2) than did uninjured rowers (16.6 ± 5.72). Conclusions Weight class did not contribute to differences in the prevalence of female athlete triad components or perceived stress, although lightweight rowers were more likely to have a history of eating disorder. Injury may be a risk factor for increased stress in this population.
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Nye, Emma A., Ashley Crossway, Sean M. Rogers, Kenneth E. Games, and Lindsey E. Eberman. "Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Patients: Collegiate Athletic Trainers' Perceptions." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-260-17.
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Context Research suggests that patients who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ) are at risk for certain conditions and denied equal access to health care in physician offices compared with their heterosexual counterparts. However, little evidence exists regarding the treatment of LGBTQ student-athlete patients in the athletic training clinic and the role the athletic trainer (AT) plays in these health care experiences. Objective To explore the perceptions of ATs treating LGBTQ student-athlete patients. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Web-based survey. Patients or Other Participants A total of 1077 collegiate and university ATs completed the survey (5685 e-mails distributed, 1214 surveys started, access rate = 21.4%, completion rate = 88.7%). Main Outcome Measure(s) Demographic information and level of agreement in 3 areas (approach, quality of care, and comfort) were obtained on a 5-point Likert scale. We asked ATs their likeliness of providing guidance to student-athletes about navigating their sexuality generally and as it related to athletic participation, if they thought they provided equal health care to a student-athlete who identified as LGBTQ, how comfortable they were treating LGBTQ student-athlete patients, and how comfortable they thought student-athlete patients would be seeking care from them or from providers in their clinic. Results Overall, we found differences among groups for sexual orientation, gender, religion, and the existence of interpersonal contact with LGBTQ friends or family for approach, quality of care, and comfort. We also identified 2 main themes indicating ATs' desire for more training and education, specifically in caring for transgender student-athletes and providing patient-centered care with professionalism, regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation. Conclusions Although differences existed among demographic groups, ATs had a generally positive view of treating LGBTQ student-athlete patients and wanted more training and education on the specific needs of this population.
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Meyer, Flavia, Kimberly A. Volterman, Brian W. Timmons, and Boguslaw Wilk. "Fluid Balance and Dehydration in the Young Athlete." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 6, no. 6 (June 4, 2012): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827612444525.
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Many young athletes train and compete under conditions that put their body fluid balance at risk, and hypohydration is usually the major concern. Another less frequent condition is hyperhydration that—if accompanied by other risk factors—may cause hyponatremia. Water and electrolyte losses during physical activities occur primarily from sweat. Such losses have been identified mostly in active (but nonathletic) young populations under laboratory settings. Studies have been trying to estimate fluid losses in the athletic population under field conditions, taking into account the sport modality and environmental conditions. Besides these external conditions, young athletes adopt different drinking attitudes, which may depend on knowledge, education, and the opportunities to drink during the break periods as well as fluid availability. Focusing on the young athlete, this review will discuss water and sodium losses from sweat, the effects of hypohydration on performance, and fluid intake attitudes within and during practices and competitions. Some considerations related to the methods of identifying hydration status and guidelines are also given, with the understanding that they should be individually adapted for the athlete and activity. The young athlete, parents, coaches, and athletic/health professionals should be aware of such information to prevent fluid imbalances and the consequent hazardous effects on performance and health.
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Sale, Craig, and Kirsty Jayne Elliott-Sale. "Nutrition and Athlete Bone Health." Sports Medicine 49, S2 (November 13, 2019): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01161-2.
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Abstract Athletes should pay more attention to their bone health, whether this relates to their longer-term bone health (e.g. risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis) or their shorter-term risk of bony injuries. Perhaps the easiest way to do this would be to modify their training loads, although this advice rarely seems popular with coaches and athletes for obvious reasons. As such, other possibilities to support the athletes’ bone health need to be explored. Given that bone is a nutritionally modified tissue and diet has a significant influence on bone health across the lifespan, diet and nutritional composition seem like obvious candidates for manipulation. The nutritional requirements to support the skeleton during growth and development and during ageing are unlikely to be notably different between athletes and the general population, although there are some considerations of specific relevance, including energy availability, low carbohydrate availability, protein intake, vitamin D intake and dermal calcium and sodium losses. Energy availability is important for optimising bone health in the athlete, although normative energy balance targets are highly unrealistic for many athletes. The level of energy availability beyond which there is no negative effect for the bone needs to be established. On the balance of the available evidence it would seem unlikely that higher animal protein intakes, in the amounts recommended to athletes, are harmful to bone health, particularly with adequate calcium intake. Dermal calcium losses might be an important consideration for endurance athletes, particularly during long training sessions or events. In these situations, some consideration should be given to pre-exercise calcium feeding. The avoidance of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is important for the athlete to protect their bone health. There remains a lack of information relating to the longer-term effects of different dietary and nutritional practices on bone health in athletes, something that needs to be addressed before specific guidance can be provided.
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Fruchart, Eric, Patricia Rulence-Pâques, and Cantisano Nicole. "Mapping ethical positions with regard to a coach’s decision to select (or not) an injured athlete." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 15, no. 4 (May 28, 2020): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954120925593.
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The study’s objective was to map ethical positions with regard to the way in which 219 participants (45 non-athletes, 91 amateur athletes, 28 professional athletes, 17 amateur coaches, 8 professional coaches, and 30 physiotherapists) used various informational cues (an athlete’s indispensability for the team, the importance of the competition, the opinion given by sports medicine professionals, and the injured athlete’s attitude) to judge the acceptability of a coach’s decision to select (or not) an injured athlete just before a competition. The participants specified their judgment of acceptability in 16 scenarios created by combining these information cues under two conditions (selection and non-selection). The data were analyzed using cluster analyses, analyses of variance, and chi-squared tests. We found four clusters. Not selecting an injured athlete was always judged to be acceptable. The four clusters differed in terms of the type of role in sport and the level of acceptability of selecting an injured athlete. A coach’s decision with regard to an athlete’s health may be judged differently, according to the rater’s profile. Enabling athletes to compete while injured might violate ethical principles. Coaches and medical staff should also be aware of and understand their legal responsibilities.
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Sheffield, Laurel W., and Lauren A. Stutts. "No Pain, No Gain? The Influence of Gender and Athletic Status on Reporting Pain in Sports." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2019-0022.
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Collegiate athletes are frequently exposed to pain/injury, which has the potential to negatively impact their physical and psychological health. This quasi-experimental study investigated the influence of gender and athletic status on deciding whether pain should be reported to the head coach in a vignette. Participants included 236 undergraduates who read four vignettes describing athletes (two men, two women) who were experiencing pain while playing a sport and made recommendations about whether the athlete should report the pain. Regardless of the gender of the athlete in the vignette, women and non-Division I athletes were more confident that the pain should be reported to the coach than men and athletes. Division I athletes’ recommendations for others to report pain did not align with what they reported practicing themselves. These results suggest that athletes and coaches should receive education about the factors that may lead an athlete to choose not to report pain.
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Walsh, Neil P. "Nutrition and Athlete Immune Health: New Perspectives on an Old Paradigm." Sports Medicine 49, S2 (November 6, 2019): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01160-3.
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Abstract Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections limit an athlete’s availability to train and compete. To better understand how sick an athlete will become when they have an infection, a paradigm recently adopted from ecological immunology is presented that includes the concepts of immune resistance (the ability to destroy microbes) and immune tolerance (the ability to dampen defence yet control infection at a non-damaging level). This affords a new theoretical perspective on how nutrition may influence athlete immune health; paving the way for focused research efforts on tolerogenic nutritional supplements to reduce the infection burden in athletes. Looking through this new lens clarifies why nutritional supplements targeted at improving immune resistance in athletes show limited benefits: evidence supporting the old paradigm of immune suppression in athletes is lacking. Indeed, there is limited evidence that the dietary practices of athletes suppress immunity, e.g. low-energy availability and train- or sleep-low carbohydrate. It goes without saying, irrespective of the dietary preference (omnivorous, vegetarian), that athletes are recommended to follow a balanced diet to avoid a frank deficiency of a nutrient required for proper immune function. The new theoretical perspective provided sharpens the focus on tolerogenic nutritional supplements shown to reduce the infection burden in athletes, e.g. probiotics, vitamin C and vitamin D. Further research should demonstrate the benefits of candidate tolerogenic supplements to reduce infection in athletes; without blunting training adaptations and without side effects.
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Neal, Timothy. "Ethical Issues in Concussion Management." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 22, no. 1 (January 2017): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2016-0020.
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Athletic health care professionals, team physicians, and athletic trainers have an ethical obligation to safeguard the short- and long-term well-being of the athlete they care for. The potential long-term negative consequences to the student-athlete’s physical, cognitive, and mental health as a result of concussions and their mismanagement is a reality. How the athletic health care professional attends to this top priority of providing optimal health care to the concussed athlete while navigating the mitigating circumstances and influences of nonmedical entities found in competitive athletics is one of the great ethical challenges of present day sports medicine. Effectively navigating the complex challenges faced by athletic health care professionals is as important as the care delivered. Understanding the ethical challenges faced by athletic health care decision makers should be a central focus in providing the optimal care the patient deserves.
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Roetert, E. Paul, Lydia Bell, and Brian Hainline. "COVID-19 and its impact on players’ mental health." ITF Coaching & Sport Science Review 28, no. 81 (April 12, 2021): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52383/itfcoaching.v28i81.37.
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In the United States, collegiate sport is intimately tied to American Higher Education. In other words, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes are first and foremost students, and the NCAA governance is interwoven with higher education governance. While the structure of typical student life may evolve over time, and while student-athletes, like other students who are pursuing passions beyond the traditional classroom and invest intensely in the development of their unique skills, being a student is and will continue to be an essential function of being a student-athlete.
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Pápai, Julia, Zsófia Tróznai, Tamás Szabó, and Attila Szabó. "Fat pattern of athlete and non-athlete girls during puberty." Anthropological Review 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10044-012-0003-5.
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Abstract The study focused on the peculiarities of fat accumulation during maturation. The main purpose of the study was trifold: to detect the alterations in fat gain during breast maturation; to examine fat accumulation after physiological maturation and the influence of breast maturation and sport activity on fatness. The subjects were athlete (N=1428) and non-athlete (N=1030) girls. They were grouped by the stages of breast development. Fat accumulation was followed up until four years after menarche. Regional fat distribution was examined on the basis of skinfolds taken at triceps, scapula, abdomen and thigh. Progressing with breast development, body fat percent increased in both groups, though in non-athletes a decrease was found in stage B4. During sexual maturation the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue decreased on the extremities and increased on the trunk. Non-athletes stored more fat on their upper trunk, while athletes did it on their lower trunk. After menarche the differences between athlete and non-athlete girls were preserved. In conclusion it may be stated that during sexual maturation the regional apposition trend of body fat was similar for athletes and non-athletes. The differences emerged in the relative distributions. Athlete girls accumulated proportionally more fat on their lower body, representing better the female-type distribution of body fat than non-athlete girls.
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Cai, Long, and Yuan Zheng. "Multisign Health Monitoring Technology of Athletes Based on Artificial Intelligence." Journal of Sensors 2022 (May 27, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3719416.
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In order to improve the monitoring efficiency of physical fitness characteristics of athletes in training state, this paper proposes the research on athletes’ multisign health monitoring technology based on artificial intelligence sensor technology. Taking six excellent boxers as the experimental objects, four weeks of heavy load training and 10 training courses per week were arranged from six weeks before the competition to two weeks before the competition. The 4-week training is divided into two stages. From the first week to the fourth week, the training amount remains unchanged and the training intensity increases. The artificial intelligence sensor technology is used to design the athlete training state pulse test system. The athlete training state pulse sensor is responsible for collecting the athlete training state pulse data. The athlete pulse sensor in this system adopts zn17-kg200 pulse vibration sensor as the pulse sampling sensor. After 4 weeks of heavy load training, before and after adjusting for rest, venous blood was taken fasting on the next morning. White blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (hemoglobin, Hb), testosterone (hemoglobin, H), cortisol (cortisol), and testosterone/cortisol ratio were measured. The experimental results showed that T and T / C of athletes were significantly lower than those before training ( P < 0.01 ), 37.99% and 52.69%, respectively. C and morning pulse were significantly higher than those before training ( P < 0.05 ), with an increase range of 32.39% and 20.39%. There was no statistical significance in the changes of WBC, RBC, and Hb. HRV indexes lnLF and LF/HF were significantly higher than those before training. Athletes carry the designed portable athlete training state pulse test for heavy load training and display the current training state pulse data of each athlete in real time. The experimental data show that the system designed in this paper can monitor the pulse information of athletes in the training state in real time. The monitoring has good real-time result and accuracy and can realize the abnormal pulse alarm, which has a certain practical value.
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Baugh, Christine M., William P. Meehan, Thomas G. McGuire, and Laura A. Hatfield. "Staffing, Financial, and Administrative Oversight Models and Rates of Injury in Collegiate Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 6 (April 29, 2020): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0517.19.
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Context Structural features of health care environments are associated with patient health outcomes, but these relationships are not well understood in sports medicine. Objective To evaluate the association between athlete injury outcomes and structural measures of health care at universities: (1) clinicians per athlete, (2) financial model of the sports medicine department, and (3) administrative reporting structure of the sports medicine department. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Collegiate sports medicine programs. Patients or Other Participants Colleges that contribute data to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program. Main Outcome Measure(s) We combined injury data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program, sports medicine staffing data from NCAA Research, athletic department characteristics from the United States Department of Education, and financial and administrative oversight model data from a previous survey. Rates of injury, reinjury, concussion, and time loss (days) in NCAA athletes. Results Compared with schools that had an average number of clinicians per athlete, schools 1 standard deviation above average had a 9.5% lower injury incidence (103.6 versus 93.7 per 10000 athlete-exposures [AEs]; incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.905, P < .001), 2.7% lower incidence of reinjury (10.6 versus 10.3 per 10000 AEs; IRR = 0.973, P = .004), and 6.7% lower incidence of concussion (6.1 versus 5.7 per 10000 AEs; IRR = 0.933, P < .001). Compared with the average, schools that had 1 standard deviation more clinicians per athlete had 16% greater injury time loss (5.0 days versus 4.2 days; IRR = 1.16, P < .001). At schools with sports medicine departments financed by or reporting to the athletics department (or both), athletes had higher injury incidences (31% and 9%, respectively). Conclusions The financial and reporting structures of collegiate sports medicine departments as well as the number of clinicians per athlete were associated with injury risk. Increasing the number of sports medicine clinicians on staff and structuring sports medicine departments such that they are financed by and report to a medical institution may reduce athlete injury incidence.
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Murphy, Jessica, and Philip Sullivan. "Factors associated with coach–athlete conversations about mental health in intercollegiate sport." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 16, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954121993455.
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Increasing conversation about mental health is one way to decrease stigma and prevent/treat maladaptive processes within the context of sport. Due to their proximity and influence over athletes, coaches can increase conversation and change team culture. The objective of this study was to apply the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explore the factors associated with coach-athlete conversation about mental health. A total of 136 Canadian coaches completed a demographic questionnaire as well as a TPB-based survey measuring Attitudes, Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Social Norms and Intention. Intention was measured as Role perception, if a coach believed it was their role to be involved in athlete mental health. Behavior was measured as talking with an athlete(s) about mental health. Approximately 68% of coaches had spoken to athletes about mental health in the last season. The linear regression model predicted a significant amount (42.7%) of the variance in Intention ( p < .05) from the three TPB constructs. Logistic regression found a significant interaction effect of PBC and Intention on Behavior ( p < .01). Measured TPB construct scores were influenced by previous mental health training, personal experience with mental illness, age group and the act of talking ( p < .05). Although a promising amount of coaches spoke to athletes about mental health, improvement is still possible. Mental health training should continue to be promoted to all members of the athletic community. As attitude scores were generally positive, this training should potentially focus more on improving capabilities and social norms.
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Merkey, Becky, Amy Pittenger, Shannon Reidt, and Brian Isetts. "Drug Therapy Problems in NCAA Division I-A Minnesota Gopher Student-Athletes." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 10, no. 2 (May 6, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v10i2.1965.
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As with all competitive sports, in NCAA Division I-A athletics it is important to maximize controllable factors in order for each athlete to compete at his or her best. One important and controllable factor that has the potential for improvement is the athlete’s medication experience. When medications are used to treat the correct condition, administered at the right time, and with the correct dose, they have the potential to improve outcomes and enhance athletic performance. As an example, it is essential that a soccer player who has asthma is using the correct inhaler, at the correct time, with proper technique, and with the correct number of puffs in order to support breathing and improve oxygen transportation during a game. Ineffective and unsafe use of medications can lead to serious disease-related events and also prevent an athlete from achieving their performance goals when they are not being used correctly. The goal of this project was to explore the presence and extent of drug therapy problems (DTPs) among a college athlete population. Within the 10 student-athletes who were interviewed, there were a total of 36 drug therapy problems identified, many of which were tied to a lack of understanding for their own medication regimen. This project suggests that medication-related needs may not be appropriately addressed among the college athlete population. The addition of a pharmacist on the athletic healthcare team would ensure appropriate medication use and optimization for health outcomes and overall athletic performance.
Article Type: Original Research
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Kahanov, Leamor, and Tarah Daly. "Bilateral Pulmonary Emboli in a Collegiate Gymnast: A Case Report." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.6.666.
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Abstract Objective: To characterize the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in collegiate student-athletes and to raise awareness among sports medicine providers of the possibility of this potentially fatal disease in the student-athlete population. Background: An 18-year-old, previously healthy National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female gymnast complained of intense pain, bilaterally, deep in her chest. The athlete was referred to her team physician, who identified normal vital signs but referred her to the emergency room because of significant pain. The student-athlete was diagnosed with bilateral pulmonary emboli in the emergency room. Differential Diagnosis: Pneumonia, renal calculi, upper urinary tract infection, intercostal muscle strain or rib fracture, pancreatitis, gall bladder disease, gastritis, ulceration, esophagitis, infection, tumor, pulmonary embolism. Treatment: The student-athlete was immediately placed on anticoagulants for 6 months. During that time, she was unable to participate in gymnastics and was limited to light conditioning. Uniqueness: Documented cases of female student-athletes developing a pulmonary embolism are lacking in the literature. Two cases of pulmonary embolism in male high school student-athletes have been documented, in addition to many cases in elderly and sedentary populations. Conclusions: All health care providers, including sports medicine professionals, should be aware that this condition may be present among student-athletes. During the initial evaluation, prescreening should include questions about any previous or family history of pulmonary embolism or other blood clots. Athletes who answer positively to these questions may have a higher likelihood of pulmonary embolism and should be referred for testing.
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Van Slingerland, Krista, Natalie Durand-Bush, Poppy DesClouds, and Göran Kenttä. "Providing Mental Health Care to an Elite Athlete: The Perspective of the Canadian Centre for Mental Health and Sport Team." Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology 4, S1 (January 1, 2020): S1–17—S1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssep.2019-0022.
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There are few specialized mental health clinics to address the unique needs of high-performance athletes struggling with mental illness. The Canadian Centre for Mental Health in Sport (CCMHS) was recently created to fill this gap. It is the first center in Canada to offer collaborative sport-focused mental health care services designed to help athletes and coaches achieve their performance goals while prioritizing their mental health. This case study examines the process of providing mental health care to a female elite athlete through the CCMHS, including the referral, screening, and treatment process, as well as the outcomes of this care. Cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on exposure-response prevention was predominantly used to help the athlete improve and manage anxiety and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Both opportunities and challenges associated with providing collaborative care to the athlete via a telehealth platform were observed.
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Varghese, Mathew, Sonia Ruparell, and Cynthia LaBella. "Youth Athlete Development Models: A Narrative Review." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 14, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19417381211055396.
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Context: Physical activity has shown to be beneficial for the overall physical and mental health of youth. There has been an increasing focus on youth sports moving from a recreational activity to becoming a launching pad for participation at elite levels. Several models of athlete development have emerged to guide specialized and nonspecialized athletes at an age-appropriate level, taking into consideration their physical and mental development. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence and theoretical models regarding youth athlete development and discuss broader initiatives for sports participation and future directions for the field. Evidence Acquisition: An electronic databases search, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, National Institutes of Health, UpToDate, and Springer was conducted. Articles from 1993 to 2021 were included. The search terms long term athlete development, LTAD model, youth physical development, youth athlete development, sports specialization, and pediatric athlete, among others, were used. Study Design: Narrative review. Level of Evidence: Levels 4 and 5. Results: Several models of youth athlete development are discussed in this article. More recent models have built on previous models to incorporate more age- and development-specific recommendations; however, no singular model could be identified as the gold standard for youth athlete development, especially given the lack of empirical data to support these models. Conclusion: Youth athlete development currently consists of several theoretical models, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, that can guide the training of young athletes to maximize their performance. Those involved in this process—physicians, athletic trainers, coaches, physical educators, and parents—should understand these various models and trial their various features to see what works best for their individual athlete with consideration given to factors such as their stage of development. Ultimately, more empirical data are required to definitively state which is the optimal approach.
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Höök, Martina, Max Bergström, Stig Arve Sæther, and Kerry McGawley. "“Do Elite Sport First, Get Your Period Back Later.” Are Barriers to Communication Hindering Female Athletes?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 12075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212075.
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Competitive female athletes perceive their hormonal cycles to affect their training, competition performance and overall well-being. Despite this, athletes rarely discuss hormonal-cycle-related issues with others. The aim of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the perceptions and experiences of endurance athletes and their coaches in relation to barriers to athlete–coach communication about female hormonal cycles. Thirteen Swedish national-/international-level female cross-country skiers (age 25.8 ± 3.6 y) and eight of their coaches (two women and six men; age 47.8 ± 7.5 y) completed an online survey relating to their educational background, prior knowledge about female hormonal cycles and a coach–athlete relationship questionnaire (CART-Q). They then participated in an online education session about female hormonal cycles and athletic performance before participating in semi-structured focus-group interviews. Thematic analyses revealed three main barriers to communication: knowledge, interpersonal, and structural. In addition, the results suggested that a good coach–athlete relationship may facilitate open communication about female hormonal cycles, while low levels of knowledge may hinder communication. To overcome the perceived barriers to communication, a model is proposed to improve knowledge, develop interpersonal relationships and strengthen structural systems through educational exchanges and forums for open discussion.
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Gallagher, Julie, Paul Ashley, and Ian Needleman. "Implementation of a behavioural change intervention to enhance oral health behaviours in elite athletes: a feasibility study." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (June 2020): e000759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000759.
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BackgroundPoor oral health of elite athletes is common and is associated with negative performance impacts. There is a need for oral health promotion strategies that are effective within the elite sport environment.AimTo develop, implement and evaluate a pragmatic oral health promotion intervention that integrated the capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour model of behavioural change into the knowledge transfer system for effective implementation of preventive interventions.MethodsRepeated measures study. Athletes and support team together viewed one 10 min presentation and three 90 s information films. Athletes alone received oral health screening, personalised advice and an oral health toolkit. Outcome measures included: (1) oral health knowledge, athlete-reported performance impacts (Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, OSTRC score), use of oral hygiene aids, gingival inflammation (bleeding) score, recorded at baseline, 4–6 weeks and 12–16 weeks and (2) athlete feedback.ResultsWe recruited 62 athletes; 44 (71%) male and 58 (93.5%) white British, 55 (88.7%) athletes completed the study. Mean knowledge score improved from 5.69 (1.59) to 6.93 (1.32) p<0.001. Mean OSTRC score reduced from 8.73 (14.54) to 2.73 (11.31) p<0.001. Athlete use of prescription strength fluoride toothpaste increased from 8 (12.9%) to 45 (80.4%) p<0.001. Athlete-reported use of interdental cleaning aids at least 2–3 x week increased from 10 (16.2%) to 21 (34%) p=0.013. Bleeding score remained unchanged.ConclusionThis behavioural change intervention was successfully implemented within different elite sport environments. It was associated with an increase in athlete oral health knowledge, enhanced oral health behaviour, a reduction in self-reported performance impacts and high participant retention.
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Halasi, Szabolcs, and Josip Lepes. "The Impact of Sport on the Health Related Quality of Life of Primary School Children." Central European Journal of Educational Research 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37441/cejer/2022/4/1/10743.
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By participating in some organized physical activities, even at school or in a sports association, children will have an impact on their intellectual, emotional and socialization abilities, as well as develop their motor skills and abilities. As a result, an athlete’s health will also be at a higher level and their Healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL) will change. In the survey, we were researching if there is a difference in the results of the HRQOL dimensions of lower-grade athletes and non-athletes at Ferenc Gál University’s Szarvasi Training Primary School and Training Kindergarten. In the cross-sectional study, 89 parents responded to questions in the Kidscreen-27 / proxy questionnaire, which asked about their child’s subjective quality of life and its relationship with sports. Based on the statistically processed data, it can be shown that young athletes have higher HRQOL values compared to their non-athlete counterparts in all dimensions. From this, we can conclude that sport has a positive impact on the health and well-being of athlete students, their relationships with family and friends, and their effectiveness at school.
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Battaglini, Marina Pavão, Dalton Müller Pessôa Filho, Sandra Leal Calais, Maria Cristina Oliveira Santos Miyazaki, Cassiano Merussi Neiva, Mário C. Espada, Mayra Grava de Moraes, and Carlos Eduardo Lopes Verardi. "Analysis of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Psychophysiological Variables in Basketball Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 17065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417065.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a progressive muscle relaxation program on psychological (stress levels, anxiety, and mood states) and physiological (blood pressure and heart rate) variables in basketball athletes. Fifty-nine basketball players, aged 14 to 19 years, and members of Bauru Basket team, were recruited for this study and grouped into control group (CG, n = 30) and intervention group (IG, n = 29). The participants were evaluated, before and after the intervention, by the following means: Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), to measure the pre-competitive anxiety state, i.e., how anxious each athlete felt just before the competition; Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), an instrument for early detection of overtraining syndrome; Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport), to identify the extent to which each athlete was physically or mentally stressed and the athlete’s current capability for recovery; Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), specifically developed for athletes. The IG athletes participated in 12 progressive muscle relaxation sessions, a practice for tensing or tightening a specific muscle until an ideal state of relaxation is reached. Each participant had blood pressure and heart rate measured before and after every session. The CG athletes were evaluated similarly to those in the IG but without relaxation. The results showed statistically significant differences in cognitive anxiety (p = 0.039) and specific stress (p = 0.016) between CG and IG before the intervention; in addition, a significant heart rate decrease (p < 0.01) between IG and CG was noted.
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Liu, Long, and Xiaodong Fan. "System Construction of Athlete Health Information Protection Based on Machine Learning Algorithm." BioMed Research International 2022 (September 28, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5989819.
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The exercise volume and exercise level can be quantitatively assessed by measuring and collecting athletes’ health and exercise data. The protection of athletes’ health information has lately become an important research topic due to a rise in sports activities. However, due to the nature of the data and the limits of protection models, protecting athlete health data is a complex undertaking. Machine learning and blockchain have caused worldwide technological innovation, and it is bound to bring deep modifications to the sports industry. The main purpose of blockchain is security, decentralization, traceability, and credibility of the athlete’s health data protection and gathering system. To progress and increase the sports industry and methodically assess the physical fitness of sportspersons’ health information, this study concentrates on the Machine Learning and Blockchain-based Athlete Health Information Protection System (MLB-AHIPS) proposed in the sports industry. The ML technique is utilized to clean and handle the information to comprehend the recognition and secure managing of the sportsperson’s fitness information. The system uses attribute-based access control, which permits dynamic and fine-grained access to athlete health data, and then stores the health data in the blockchain, which can be secured and tamper-proof by expressing the respective smart contracts. The simulation outcomes illustrate that the suggested MLB-AHIPS attains a high accuracy ratio of 97.8%, security ratio of 98.3%, an efficiency ratio of 97.1%, scalability ratio of 98.9%, and data access rate of 97.2% compared to other existing approach.
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Hariharakrishnan, Jayaram, and Bhalaji N. "Adaptability Analysis of 6LoWPAN and RPL for Healthcare applications of Internet-of-Things." June 2021 2, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2021.2.001.
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Ubiquitous Networks powered by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is cutting across many technologies assisting day-to-day human activities. This technology confers the ability to sense and surmise the external environmental factors of various ecologies. Interconnection of these sensing devices for Machine to Machine (M2M) communication leads to the origination of Internet-of-Things (IoT). Recent advancements in the technology of Internet-of-Things guides the production of smart objects that can accomplish location, identification, connection and measurement of external factors. This leads to a new type of communication paradigm between objects and humans. One of the important problem due to the population explosion that can be addressed by IoT is the Healthcare of individual human beings. Remote health monitoring is one of the greatest technology exploited in medical professionals to keep a check on the patient’s important health factors periodically. This was done in a smaller geographical area before the era of IoT. As IoT can communicate to other Internet, This remote healthcare monitoring can now be applied over a wider geographical topology. This paper extensively analyses the performance of 6LoWPAN and RPL IoT for healthcare applications. This paper especially focuses on monitoring an athlete's thermoregulation. Also, a new technique to identify and train marathon athletes to the race topography has been proposed. In this technique, each athlete is fitted with wearable sensors in their body in the training session to monitor and analyze the thermoregulation process occurring during training. After a detailed analysis of the athletes’ thermoregulation process, personal training schedules are charted down according to variation in the thermoregulation process in each athlete. This technique helps to monitor each athlete’s progress personally with less number of coaches and medical professionals leading to the prevention of unexpected death of a healthy athlete.
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Gu, Song, and Lan Xue. "Relationships among Sports Group Cohesion, Psychological Collectivism, Mental Toughness and Athlete Engagement in Chinese Team Sports Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 20, 2022): 4987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094987.
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Background: Cohesion is an important factor affecting sports performance. This study constructed a mediating model to explore the mechanism of cohesion toward psychological collectivism, mental toughness, and athlete engagement of Chinese team sports athletes, and to investigate the mediating effect of psychological collectivism and mental toughness on cohesion and athlete engagement. Methods: A total of 326 active Chinese athletes (54% males, 46% females) aged 14 to 26 years (M = 19.63, SD = 6.51) from eight sports were investigated by questionnaire. Results: The athlete engagement can be predicted significantly and positively by cohesion and its dimensions, and ATG-T is more important in advantage analysis. Direct and indirect paths indicate that cohesion affects athlete engagement, through the mediating effects of psychological collectivism, the mediating effects of mental toughness, the serial multiple mediating of psychological collectivism and mental toughness. The mediating effect model had a satisfactory goodness of fit and explained 50.5% of the variance in athlete engagement, and the SEM revealed the mechanism of cohesion in Chinese athlete engagement to a certain extent. Conclusion: Psychological collectivism is the embodiment of high-quality cohesion in Chinese team sports. The increase in cohesion and psychological collectivism can improve Chinese athletes’ ability to cope with stressful situations in sports, which may allow them to achieve a better performance through athlete engagement.
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Poucher, Zoë A., Katherine A. Tamminen, and Christopher R. D. Wagstaff. "Organizational Systems in British Sport and Their Impact on Athlete Development and Mental Health." Sport Psychologist 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2020-0146.
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Sport organizations have been noted as pivotal to the success or failure of athletes, and sport environments can impact the well-being and development of athletes. In this study, the authors explored stakeholders’ perceptions of how high-performance sport organizations support athlete development. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 stakeholders from the United Kingdom’s high-performance sport system and transcripts were analyzed using a semantic thematic analysis. Participants emphasized the importance of performance lifestyle advisors, sport psychologists, and financial assistance for promoting athlete development. Several stakeholders observed that despite the extensive support available to athletes, many do not engage with available support, and the prevalence of a performance narrative has led to an environment that discourages holistic development. It follows that sport organizations could develop alternative strategies for promoting athletes’ access to and engagement with available supports, while funding agencies might broaden existing funding criteria to include well-being or athlete development targets.
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Kroshus, Emily. "Variability in Institutional Screening Practices Related to Collegiate Student-Athlete Mental Health." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.5.07.
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Context: Universal screening for mental health concerns, as part of the preparticipation examination in collegiate sports medicine settings, can be an important and feasible strategy for facilitating early detection of mental health disorders. Objective: To assess whether sports medicine departments at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) member colleges have policies related to identifying student-athlete mental health problems, the nature of preparticipation examination screening related to mental health, and whether other departmental or institutional screening initiatives are in place. I also aimed to characterize the variability in screening by institutional characteristics. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: College sports medicine departments. Patients or Other Participants: Team physicians and head athletic trainers at NCAA member colleges (n = 365, 30.3% response rate). Main Outcome Measure(s): Electronic survey of departmental mental health screening activities. Results: A total of 39% of respondents indicated that their institution had a written plan related to identifying student-athletes with mental health concerns. Fewer than half reported that their sports medicine department administers a written or verbal screening instrument for symptoms of disordered eating (44.5%), depression (32.3%), or anxiety (30.7%). The strongest predictors of mental health screening were the presence of a written plan related to identifying student-athlete mental health concerns and the employment of a clinical psychologist. Additionally, Division I institutions and institutions with a greater ratio of athletic trainers to student-athletes tended to engage in more screening. Conclusions: The substantial among-institutions variability in mental health screening suggests that opportunities exist to make these practices more widespread. To address this variability, recent NCAA mental health best-practice guidelines suggested that institutions should screen for a range of mental health disorders and risk behaviors. However, at some institutions, staffing deficits may need to be addressed to allow for implementation of screening-related activities.
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Bissett, James E., Emily Kroshus, and Stephen Hebard. "Determining the role of sport coaches in promoting athlete mental health: a narrative review and Delphi approach." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 2020): e000676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000676.
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BackgroundCoaches have the potential to support athlete mental wellness, but many are unsure what to do and concerned they may unintentionally engage in behaviours that negatively impact their athletes. Education has the potential to help coaches engage in primary, secondary and tertiary preventive behaviours related to athlete mental health; however, there exists no empirical or consensus basis for specifying the target behaviours that should be included in such education.ObjectiveThe aim of this research was to review extant literature about the role of sport coaches in mental health prevention and promotion, and obtain expert consensus about useful, appropriate and feasible coach behaviours.DesignModified Delphi methodology with exploration (ie, narrative review) and evaluation phase.Data sourcesTwenty-one articles from PubMed, PsycINFO and ProQuest, and grey literature published by prominent sport organisations.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesAll studies were English-language articles that focused on the role of coaches as they relate to (1) culture setting in sport, (2) addressing athlete mental health and (3) providing ongoing support to athletes with mental health concerns. No study design, publication date limits or sport characteristics were applied.ResultsThe coach’s role should include fostering team cultures that support athlete mental health, encouraging care-seeking and supporting athletes currently receiving mental healthcare.Summary/ConclusionThe behaviours specified herein have implications for coach education programme development. This study is the first to use a structured Delphi process to develop specific recommendations about the role coaches can play in supporting athlete mental health.
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Temm, Dani A., Regan J. Standing, and Russ Best. "Training, Wellbeing and Recovery Load Monitoring in Female Youth Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 12, 2022): 11463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811463.
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Participation in youth sports is ever-increasing, along with training and competition demands placed upon youth athletes. Young athletes may experience high training loads due to playing several sports, as well as participating in school physical education. Therefore, monitoring youth athlete load is an emerging area of research that may help limit non-functional overreaching, injury, or illness and assist with long-term athlete development. This narrative review highlights that multiple measures have been explored to monitor both internal and external load. However, the validity, reliability and practicality of these measures are often not fully understood in female youth populations. The most commonly used external monitoring methods are GPS tracking and TRIMP whereas common internal monitoring tools are questionnaires, perceived exertion rating and heart rate measures. The reporting of injuries and menstrual cycles is also crucial for providing completeness when monitoring an athlete. It has been suggested that the combination of training load, recovery and wellbeing monitoring variables is the optimal way to monitor an athlete’s fatigue levels. Whichever monitoring method is applied, in a youth population it is important that the protocol can be individualised, is inexpensive and can be easily implemented and reported so that the monitoring is sustainable.
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Gavrilova, Yulia, Bradley Donohue, and Marina Galante. "Mental Health and Sport Performance Programming in Athletes Who Present Without Pathology: A Case Examination Supporting Optimization." Clinical Case Studies 16, no. 3 (January 24, 2017): 234–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650116689302.
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Athletes are exposed to unique stressors that often negatively impact the way they think, behave, and feel in athletic, academic, and social domains. The Optimum Performance Program in Sports (TOPPS), an adaptation of Family Behavior Therapy, is an innovative approach to optimization science that has demonstrated positive outcomes in student-athletes evidencing substance use disorders. However, this approach has yet to be evaluated in athletes who are interested in optimizing their mental health and sport performance, but have no indication of pathology. We describe the administration of TOPPS in a female student-athlete who presented for intervention with no assessed mental health pathology. Although experimental methodology was uncontrolled, many of the methodological features in this examination were advanced. Treatment integrity was reliably assessed and the athlete demonstrated significant improvements in psychometrically validated measurements of mental health and sport performance from baseline to 5-months post-treatment, including psychiatric domains (somatization, obsessive–compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), relationships with teammates, family members, coaches, and peers, and measures of sport performance. Future directions are reported in light of the results.
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Huskey, Alisa, Kelly Kim, Sarah Emert, Alex Auerbach, Rachel Webb, Michelle Skog, Michael Grandner, and Daniel Taylor. "315 Athlete Sleep and Mental Health: Differences by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A125—A126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.314.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep is important for athletic and academic performance, injury risk and recovery, and physical and mental health. However, athletes commonly have poor and insufficient sleep, which may be worsened by their inflexible schedules, stress, traveling, and timing of competition. To date, little is known about the relationship between sleep problems and risk for mental health problems in college student athletes. Almost nothing is known about gender, racial and ethnic sleep disparities in this group. The current study aimed to examine the cross-sectional relationships between sleep disorder symptoms and mental health symptoms, further examining differences by gender, race, and ethnicity. Methods Student athletes (N = 1033) from four universities within the Pacific Athletic Conference (PAC-12) were surveyed using previously-validated mental health questionnaires. Since few individuals self-identified as Asian, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, or “Other,” the race variable was recoded into three groups: White, Black, and Other Underrepresented groups. Gender, race, and ethnicity differences on Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) total scores were examined using a three separate MANOVAs. Next, sleep-disorder symptoms were classified as clinically relevant (n=174) or not (n=733) based on established cutoff values on the ASSQ. Gender and sleep disorder differences on mental health total scores were examined using a MANOVA. Results Women athletes reported significantly worse sleep disorder symptoms as a whole. In addition, Black athletes had worse sleep disorder symptoms. There was a trend for women with sleep problems to have higher PC-PTSD scores than women without sleep problems. In addition, athletes in the Other Underrepresented race group with sleep problems also had greater depression, PTSD, and psychotic symptom severity than White or Black student athletes. There was also a trend for Hispanic athletes with sleep disorder symptoms to have greater ADHD symptom severity. Conclusion To further examine individual differences in specific components of sleep symptoms, sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, medication, quality will be reported in the poster presentation. Future studies are needed to understand whether frequency and chronicity of athletic and external stressors, explain elevations in sleep and other psychiatrics symptoms in student athletes. Support (if any) This project was funded by a PAC-12, Mental Health Coordinating Unit Grant.
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Powers, Megan, Jana Fogaca, Regan A. R. Gurung, and Callan M. Jackman. "Predicting Student-Athlete Mental Health: Coach–Athlete Relationship." Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 25, no. 2 (2020): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn25.2.172.
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Vitale, Kenneth C., Roberts Owens, Susan R. Hopkins, and Atul Malhotra. "Sleep Hygiene for Optimizing Recovery in Athletes: Review and Recommendations." International Journal of Sports Medicine 40, no. 08 (July 9, 2019): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0905-3103.
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AbstractFor elite athletes who exercise at a high level, sleep is critical to overall health. Many studies have documented the effects of sleep deprivation in the general population, but few studies exist regarding specific effects in the athlete. This review summarizes the effects of sleep deprivation and sleep extension on athletic performance, including reaction time, accuracy, strength and endurance, and cognitive function. There are clear negative effects of sleep deprivation on performance, including reaction time, accuracy, vigor, submaximal strength, and endurance. Cognitive functions such as judgment and decision-making also suffer. Sleep extension can positively affect reaction times, mood, sprint times, tennis serve accuracy, swim turns, kick stroke efficiency, and increased free throw and 3-point accuracy. Banking sleep (sleep extension prior to night of intentional sleep deprivation before sporting event) is a new concept that may also improve performance. For sports medicine providers, the negative effects of sleep deprivation cannot be overstated to athletes. To battle sleep deprivation, athletes may seek supplements with potentially serious side effects; improving sleep quality however is simple and effective, benefiting not only athlete health but also athletic performance.
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Hilliard, Robert C., Lindsey Blom, Dorice Hankemeier, and Jocelyn Bolin. "Exploring the Relationship Between Athletic Identity and Beliefs About Rehabilitation Overadherence in College Athletes." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 26, no. 3 (May 2017): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2015-0134.
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Context:Athletic identity has been associated with rehabilitation overadherence in college athletes.Objectives:To explore which constructs of athletic identity predict rehabilitation overadherence, gauge athletes’ views of the most salient aspect of their athletic participation, and understand their perceptions of the reasons they adhere to their rehabilitation program.Design:Cross-sectional, mixed methods.Setting:University athletic training clinics and online.Participants:Currently injured college athletes (N = 80; 51 male, 29 female).Main Outcome Measures:Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), Rehabilitation Overadherence Questionnaire (ROAQ), and 2 open-ended questions about athletic participation and rehabilitation adherence.Results:Higher levels of athletic identity were associated with higher levels of rehabilitation overadherence (r = .29, P = .009). Hierarchical multiple regression used on AIMS subscales to predict ROAQ subscales did not reveal a significant model for the subscale “ignore practitioner recommendations.” However, a significant model was revealed for the subscale “attempt an expedited rehabilitation,” F5,73 = 2.56, P = .04, R2 = .15. Negative affectivity was the only significant contribution to the equation (β = 0.33, t = 2.64, P = .01). Content analysis revealed that bodily benefits, sport participation, personal achievement, social relationships, and athlete status were perceived to be the most important aspects of being an athlete. The themes of returning to competition, general health, and relationship beliefs were identified as the major factors for adhering to a rehabilitation program.Conclusions:Negative affectivity accounted for a significant but low amount of variance for rehabilitation overadherence, suggesting that athletic trainers should pay attention to personal variables such as athletic identity that might influence the rehabilitation process. Using the knowledge of why athletes adhere to their rehabilitation and what is most important to them about being an athlete, athletic trainers can use appropriate interventions to facilitate proper rehabilitation adherence.
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Mountjoy, Margo, A. Costa, R. Budgett, J. Dvorak, L. Engebretsen, S. Miller, J. Moran, J. Foster, and J. Carr. "Health promotion through sport: international sport federations’ priorities, actions and opportunities." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097900.
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ObjectiveTo identify areas of priority and activity for international sportsfederations (IFs) with respect to athlete health and safety, and global health. Results serve to direct the work of the Association of Summer Olympic IF Medical and Scientific Consultative Group, the International Olympic Committee and to influence IFs’ planning and priorities.MethodsThe 28 IFs participating in the Summer Olympic Games (2016) were asked to rank the relative importance of 11 health-related topics and to report their activities or research initiatives on 27 identified topics using an electronic survey. A comparison with a similar survey (2012) was made.ResultsThe response rate was 100%. In general, the ‘fight against doping’ had the highest priority followed by ‘image as a safe sport’. The topics with the lowest importance ratings were ‘increasing the number of elite athletes’, and ‘health of the general population’. Despite ranking ‘health of your athletes,’ as a top priority, IFs are not addressing all aspects of athlete health. In comparison with 2012, there was a significant decrease in priority for IFs is ‘health of the general population’.ConclusionDespite the widespread knowledge of the importance of the promotion of physical activity (sport) on global health, the decreasing priority and programming of the IFs on physical activity promotion is concerning. Although IFs have prioritised the protection of the health of elite athletes, there are gaps in programming demonstrating that IFs are missing important areas of athlete health. Improving recreational athlete health programming could also benefit population health as well as improve IF fan base and sport participation.
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Gerdin, Göran, Per Göran Fahlström, Mats Glemne, and Susanne Linnér. "Swedish Tennis Coaches’ Everyday Practices for Creating Athlete Development Environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 25, 2020): 4580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124580.
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Finding and describing the optimal path to elite athletic performance has, for a long time, been a challenge for researchers. This study examined Swedish tennis coaches’ everyday practices for creating athlete development environments and the environmental factors that promote or hinder athlete development. The study was conducted in 2018–2019 and included in-depth focus groups with 13 Swedish full-time tennis coaches. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and by drawing on models for studying athlete development environments. The results highlight how the coaches’ everyday work involves a range of administrative tasks, which ultimately means that there is little to no time left for focusing on athlete development. These results also draw attention to concerns about these professional coaches’ health, with increasing demands in their roles to manage administrative tasks in addition to the coaching and time spent on the court with their athletes. The results further reveal how the tennis clubs’ boards are increasingly interested in sound economy and high participation levels rather than focusing on performance outcomes and developing elite athletes. Finally, the results from this study emphasize the importance of increased collaboration and communication between clubs, coaches, regions, and the national association to create common and clearer guidelines for long-term athlete development. Future studies could engage in longitudinal and ethnographic work with tennis clubs of varying size and geographical locations, involving different stakeholders (e.g., coaches, management, parents, players) in order to further explore the environmental factors that promote or hinder athlete development.
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Fagher, Kristina, Lovemore Kunorozva, Marelise Badenhorst, Wayne Derman, James Kissick, Evert Verhagen, Osman Hassan Ahmed, et al. "Safe and Healthy Para sport project (SHAPE): a study protocol of a complex intervention within Para sport." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 8, no. 3 (August 2022): e001392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001392.
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Elite Para athletes report a high incidence of sports injuries, illnesses and other health issues. Despite this, there are few prevention programmes in Para sport, and many of the existing prevention programmes are not adapted to Para athletes. To improve the success of preventive measures, it has been suggested that sports safety work should facilitate health promotion, including athlete health education. Therefore, the overarching aim of this project is to evaluate an accessible health promotion web platform as part of a complex intervention that aims to improve knowledge of athlete health in Para sport. In this protocol, the development, future implementation and evaluation of the intervention are described. To inform the implementation and use of such interventions, it is recommended to involve end users in the development and implementation process. Therefore, a participatory design process, including athletes and the sports organisation, was used to develop an accessible health promotion web platform. To evaluate this complex intervention, a process evaluation combining quantitative evaluation assessing causal pathways with qualitative methods assessing multifaceted pathways will be used. The primary outcomes are injury/illness incidence, athlete health parameters, health literacy and user behaviour. A cohort of elite Para athletes (n=150) from Sweden and South Africa will be invited to participate. This project will be the first that aims to improve athlete health in Para sport through pragmatic and accessible health promotion. It is a boundary-crossing project that will be conducted in a real-world sport setting, including athletes with different socioeconomic backgrounds.
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Mangus, Brent C. "Medical Care for Wheelchair Athletes." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 5, no. 2 (April 1988): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.5.2.90.
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The number of wheelchair-bound athletes training for and competing in local, state, national, and international sporting events increases every year. As participation increases, sports injuries associated with the training and competition of these athletes also increase. Medical attention for wheelchair athletes during training and competition should be provided by competent professionals. However, even with competent professionals providing medical attention to wheelchair athletes, injuries do occur. Typical injuries experienced by the wheelchair-bound athlete include carpal tunnel syndrome, various shoulder problems, numerous problems with the hands, and lacerations, abrasions, and contusions to all parts of the body. The ability of the wheelchair athlete to thermoregulate his or her own body is also an area of concern for those providing health care during practice and competition. More researchers are studying injuries and injury rates to the wheelchair athlete, and the body of literature in this area is becoming larger. Future research can begin to document the effects of strength training, nutrition, various conditioning strategies, the biomechanics of the wheelchair motion, and the psychological impact of athletic injuries. Although some physiological factors have been studied, many remain to be addressed in an effort to shed light on the injuries experienced by wheelchair athletes.
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Witt, Mildred Mary. "Counseling Injured Female Student-Athletes: A Discussion of Clinical Interventions." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 23, no. 2 (October 2015): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2015-0039.
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Sustaining an injury can be traumatic for a collegiate student-athlete. Serious injuries are often accompanied by complex emotional and psychological responses that warrant a mental health consultation and clinical intervention. Anxiety and stress-related concerns are increasingly prevalent in the student-athlete population, particularly among female student-athletes. This paper reviews the relevant injury, sports psychology, and counseling literature pertaining to student-athletes, with a focus on female collegiate athletes. Utilizing a hypothetical case illustration, the counseling needs of the injured female student-athlete are discussed. Three therapeutic interventions: expressive writing, cognitive processing therapy, and Koru Meditation, an evidencedbased curriculum for teaching mindfulness skills, are proposed to reduce anxiety, injury-related stress, and other mental health concerns in this population.
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Kotko, Dina, Nataliya Goncharuk, Sergey Shevtsov, and Mariya Levon. "Environment and physical performance of the athlete." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 12(158) (December 30, 2022): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.12(158).14.
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The state of health of the athlete, the level of work capacity, the quality of life and its duration depend significantly on the quality of filling the components of the environment. Constant stay in an ecologically clean, healthy and safe environment contributes to prolonging life and increasing sports performance. At the same time, environmental pollution has a negative effect on the athlete. From these positions, the determination of harmful factors plays an important role. It is known that the environment is the environment in which certain objects function, including air, water, and soil. This work presents data on physical, chemical and biological factors of negative air, water and soil pollution on the body of athletes. Exceeding the maximum permissible norms of these pollution components can become the causes of illness and shorten the life expectancy of an athlete. Therefore, in our opinion, this work will serve as a basis for ensuring the organization of the athlete's professional activities in a healthy environment.
Among the components that require control of their quantity and quality are solid physical compounds, air temperature and humidity, the presence and natural level of radioactivity, magnetic field stress, and others. Hygienic standards have been established for all physical, chemical, and biological negative factors — maximum permissible concentrations. All indicators, doses, and levels require monitoring. Taking into account the fact that it is not advisable for athletes to stay in polluted areas, the location of sports facilities in these areas is also not desirable. Pollution of air, water, and soil also negatively affects buildings of various functional purposes, vehicles in which athletes are located. Therefore, a differentiated approach is needed when choosing a location, a site for the construction of sports facilities, training and competitions of athletes. To use it, it is necessary to know the negative effects of the complex as a whole on the changed properties of air, soil, water and each component separately. Some data related to the questions were reflected in this work.
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Giovannetti, Sara L., Jessica R. G. Robertson, Heather L. Colquhoun, and Cindy K. Malachowski. "Mental Health Services for Canadian University Student-Athletes: An Exploratory Survey." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0048.
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University student-athletes are equally vulnerable to mental health challenges compared to their non-athlete peers, but they access mental health services with less frequency. This study sought to explore the mental health issues experienced by Canadian student-athletes in order to address the question: how can Canadian universities better meet the mental health needs of student-athletes? An electronic survey was distributed to student-athletes at a large Canadian university. Data from 113 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Stress and pressure were reported as the most prevalent contributors to mental health issues, and 47% of respondents indicated that there was a time in which they wanted to seek services for their mental health, but chose not to. Respondents identified mental health education for coaches and designating a healthcare professional within the athletic department as beneficial resources. Findings from this study can inform local and national mental health service planning for student-athletes.