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1

Tomlin, Patricia A. "Emergency medical services educator for a city fire department." Journal of Emergency Nursing 22, no. 6 (December 1996): 541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(96)80207-8.

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2

Andri Supriadi and Teddy Oswari. "Analysis of Geographical Information System (GIS) design aplication in the Fire Department of Depok City." Technium Social Sciences Journal 8 (May 20, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v8i1.181.

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Depok City is one of the cities that is vulnerable to fire disasters. The Depok City Fire Department feels the need for a system that can assist in the handling and management of fire disasters. This system must be the right system to solve existing problems. Researchers have created many new systems. One of them is Geographic Information System (GIS) is a special information system for managing data that has spatial information. This research purposes to analyze and design a Geographic Information System (GIS) aimed at assisting the Depok City Fire Department that is desktop-based using the waterfall method. With the application of this Geographic Information System (GIS) aims to help accelerate the processing of fire reports on decision making, presenting spatial and non-spatial data that is more organized and can be updated also makes it easier to find new locations of fire stations , hydrants, fire-prone points, and flood-prone points.
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Tvedten, John. "The City of Kansas City's Firefighters' Pension Bonus Plan." Public Personnel Management 22, no. 3 (September 1993): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609302200301.

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4

S.stp, Hendayana. "ANALISIS PELAYANAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA KEBAKARAN OLEH PEMADAM KEBAKARAN PEMERINTAH (STUDI KASUS KOTA PONTIANAK)." Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Suara Khatulistiwa 4, no. 1 (July 27, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33701/jipsk.v4i1.553.

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Disasters are events that can occur anytime and anywhere, as well as fire disasters. Along with the frequent occurrence of fire disasters, it is necessary to provide effective, fast response services for fire disasters. Fires occur due to many factors. To reduce losses, it is necessary to improve services to fire services from the government which is one of the minimum services of the government. Analysis is a thinking activity to describe a whole as a component so that it can recognize the signs of components, their relationships with each other and their respective functions in an integrated whole. Service analysis is here to measure fire service levels in Pontianak City. This research is a descriptive qualitative research Measurement of service quality by using 5 (five) dimensions with several indicators of each dimension of Tangible, Reliabelity, Responsiviness, Assurance, Emphaty. Based on the results of research conducted stating that the fire disaster management service carried out by the Pontianak City Fire Department was not optimal This is because there are still problems faced by the Pontianak City Fire Department where firefighting organizations are not yet independent, lack of facilities and infrastructure, lack of resources humans, lack of fire stations, less attention to the apparatus regarding the safety guarantee of fire services especially.
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Gilje, Paul A., and Amy S. Greenberg. "Cause for Alarm: The Volunteer Fire Department in the Nineteenth-Century City." American Historical Review 104, no. 5 (December 1999): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2649400.

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Gallman, J. Matthew, and Amy S. Greenberg. "Cause for Alarm: The Volunteer Fire Department in the Nineteenth-Century City." Journal of the Early Republic 20, no. 1 (2000): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3124848.

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7

Stott, Richard, and Amy S. Greenberg. "Cause for Alarm: The Volunteer Fire Department in the Nineteenth-Century City." Journal of American History 86, no. 2 (September 1999): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2567094.

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8

Iasha, Citra. "IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENEMPATAN POS-POS BADAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DAN PEMADAM KEBAKARAN KOTA PALEMBANG." Journal PPS UNISTI 3, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48093/jiask.v3i1.27.

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The background of the problem of high fire frequency from year to year in the Palembang City area shows that the fire prevention efforts carried out by the Palembang City Fire Department organization. In South Sumatra there are many strategic places for various sector centers to support the provincial capital. For example, the center of the economy, business, entertainment, education, and the government of Jakarta as the center of the country and the density of settlements so that there is often a fire hazard. The purpose of this research is to find out how the implementation of the policy of placing the posts of disaster management agencies and firefighters in Palembang city. This research is a qualitative study using data collection methods in the form of interviews with predetermined sources. The results of this study are based on observations and interviews by the author that the implementation of policies carried out by the disaster management agency and the Palembang city fire department has gone well, this is based on the results of interviews using indicators put forward by almost all informants saying it is quite good and already good. This means that the implementation of policies for aligning disaster management and fire fighting agency posts has been good.
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Ardani, Ardani, and Djaka Permana. "Evaluation of Community Participation and Fire and Rescue Sub-dept. In Fire Prevention Tanjung Priuk District." Ilomata International Journal of Social Science 1, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52728/ijss.v1i1.35.

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This study aims to determine the level of community participation in fire prevention and management in Tanjung Priuk Subdistrict, the City of Administration against Fire Disasters in North Jakarta, the theory used in this research is the opinion of M. Nuh Minister of Education in the era of President Bambang Yudhoyono in Climbing the Amstein ladder to organize an ideal participation. The research method used is a qualitative method to obtain key data from interviews with legitimate sources that are directly involved in fire prevention and management and are supported by data from field observations. The data is then analyzed by the triangulation process. To find out the level of community participation. The results showed that the level of participation in fire prevention in Tanjung Priuk District had a range of information, consultations and appointments. the training program, which is carried out as an annual program, is provided for the community to provide information one way. In the management process, the community is at the second level of the seventh stage because the community is already a partner in the fire department before the fire department arrives at the fire location, the community has tried to extinguish the fire independently. To increase community participation in fire prevention and management, the Fire Department of the North Jakarta City Administration Office must optimize human resources, as well as other fire management resources, to be able to act also to provide costs for Balakar (Voluntary Fire) every month.
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Rakhman, Basri, Indra Wijaya, Imam Adrian Rakhman, and Sintia Yulianti. "Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety Firefighters in Makassar City." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik 11, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jiap.v11i1.21340.

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The problems discussed in this study relate to the number of employee work accidents that tend to increase each year significantly due to aspects of the work environment, work equipment and materials, and how to do work. Therefore, this study's purpose of identifying and analyzing employees' occupational health and safety at the Makassar City Fire Department. The research method used is descriptive-quantitative. The population in this study were all firefighters in the Makassar City Fire Department, with a total sample of 214 people. Data collection techniques used in this study were questionnaires, observations, interviews, and document review using a Likert's Summated Rating (Likert's) scale analysis and SPSS 17 program assistance. The results showed that the occupational health and safety of the Makassar City firefighter department is a positive category. In addition, 196 respondents or 91,5% positive outlook and 18 respondents or 8,41% have a very positive outlook in environment work, 133 respondents or 37,9% positive outlook and 81 respondents or 37,9% positive outlooks about work equipment and materials. The last aspect shows 135 respondents or 63,1% positive outlooks and 79 respondents or 36,9% positive outlook on how to do the work
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11

Sabatino, Brent, Reuben Salinas, Loc H. Lam, and Leopoldo C. Cancio. "824 Burn Strong Initiative: A Burn Center’s Response to Fire Department Needs." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.400.

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Abstract Introduction The purpose of this project is to enhance burn education, both inside and outside the Burn Center. The project was motivated by a perceived gap in burn education for the city’s Fire Department (FD). Here, we describe the progress made in closing this gap. In a combined effort between both institutions, a partnership has been developed to help new paramedic firefighters and existing firefighters understand the burn-care process and improve patient outcomes. Since its inception in August 2018, the Burn Strong Initiative has had 3 focuses: 1) train burn center personnel; 2) train FD personnel; and 3) conduct further community outreach. Methods Aim 1 – Burn Center Staff Training. To improve our clinical skills and to enhance our ability to serve as educators in the community, we committed to achieving Advanced Burn Life Support (ABLS) certification for > 90% of our Burn Center clinical staff. Aim 2 – Firefighter Training. The city requested that we develop and implement a new 2-hour Thermal Injury Update class delivered weekly for a total of 36 weeks to EMTs and paramedics, starting January 2018 thru December 2019. Aim 3 – FD Medical Staff Training. The city requested that the Burn Center provide an ABLS course for the FD’s physician staff. Results Aim 1 – To date, we trained 104 Burn Center staff in ABLS, 22 of whom became ABLS instructors. Aim 2 – Burn Strong has completed 28 Thermal Injury Update classes for 615 FD paramedics. There are 10 classes remaining through the end of this year. Total paramedics to be trained is expected to be > 1000. The paramedics receiving 2 CEUs for this course. Aim 3 – We trained 19 FD physicians in ABLS, 4 of whom have become ABLS instructors. We trained an additional 15 personnel at our Regional Advisory Council conference. Conclusions This training effort has better prepared us to treat these complex patients, and has become the initial point of entry into an immersive partnership between the burn center and the city FD. Training firefighters requires ongoing commitment and an understanding of the pre-hospital environment. We plan to continue and expand our partnership with the city and the region to improve burn care. Applicability of Research to Practice This project demonstrates how burn center personnel, through training tailored to local requirements, can collaborate with their FD, improve burn care, and build strong partnerships.
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Kennedy, K. A., C. J. Caspersen, K. B. Powell, A. Goodman, and S. Klitzman. "278 RRXERTIONAL RHABDONYLYSIS AND ACUTE ARNAL FAILURE AHONC FIRE DEPARTMENT CANDIDATES, NEW YORK CITY." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 22, no. 2 (April 1990): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199004000-00278.

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13

Kim, Sungp-Ju, and Jun-Young Soh. "Basic Research on Spatial Structure of Fire-Department Building - Focused on Incheon Metropolitan City." Journal of the Korean Institute of Interior Design 28, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14774/jkiid.2019.28.1.207.

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14

Gridnev, Valery P. "Nobody Is Forgotten, Nothing Is Forgotten!" Administrative Consulting, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2021-2-143-148.

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The purpose of this article: analysis of the activities of the personnel of the fire department of Leningrad, authorities to protect the population and the city from fires.Tasks: to adequately evaluate, on the basis of archival and other sources, the courage and heroism of the fighters and fire brigade commanders, the population of the city, the organizational activities of the governing bodies during the blockade.Conclusions: the courage and heroism of the defenders of the besieged city are a unique phenomenon in the history of mankind. There is still much to be done to recreate the full picture of the unparalleled struggle of Leningrad residents in the battle for the city on the Neva
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Lema, Ratna Katharina. "Discourse Analysis toward News Texts on Fire Extinguishing Service of Kupang City in the Printed Mass Media of Timor Express." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 4, no. 2 (October 26, 2018): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.4.2.777.181-189.

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This article examines news text on fire extinguishing of Kupang city in Timor Express to analyze its macro structure, super structure, micro structure and to describe the cognition and social context realized in it. I collected the data by taking the news texts of Timor Express purposively. Additionally I interviewed the editorial chief of the electronic mass media of the Timor Express to verify the data accuracy and to reach a deep understanding in enabling to provide details of the cognition and social contexts implicitly realised in the news text construction on fire extinguishing in the printed mass media of Timor Express. Results showed that the text structure of the Kupang City fire extinguishing service in Timor Express daily news consists of macro-structure, super-structure, and micro-structure. For the level of superstructure, in general Timor Express formulates headlines followed by leads consisting of script elements, which can be identified as: what, when, and who elements. Meanwhile, element why and how elements are in the news content (story). Macro structure is a thematic form of the Kupang city fire extinguishing service news text. The micro structure consists of semantics, syntactic, stylistic, rhetoric. In the microstructure of the news of the Kupang City fire service, the use of words that pointed to or reinforced news messages about the fire disaster that received fire services for the City of Kupang was found. In terms of social cognition, the aspect is realized in the form of journalists' mental awareness of a fire disaster that received services from the Kupang City fire service department. Timor Express journalists consider that fire is an unpredictable humanitarian disaster whose effects bring material losses in life. The social context relates to how a meaning is shared together. In accordance with the news text of the fire extinguishing service contains news of a fire accident and getting fire services from Kupang City.
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Anam, Agus Khoirul, and Sri Winarni. "The Description of Marketeer Preparedness of Fire Disaster Management of Legi Market Blitar city, Disaster Nursing Research." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v3i3.art.p278-285.

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Indonesia has a lot of potential natural and non-natural disasters. Non-natural disasterswhich often happened are fire disasters. One of them was market fire. In January 2015 until April 2015,there was an increasing more than 50 on fire in bigger traditional market and 90 smaller traditionalmarket in all over indonesia. The purpose of this research was to describe the marketeer preparednessof fire disaster management of Legi market Blitar city. The research method used descriptive design. Thepopulation in this research was a marketeer Legi Kota Blitar about 584 marketeer and the sample was58 marketeer taken by purposive sampling technique. The data collection was conducted by questionnaire.The results showed that the lack of preparedness of marketeer in the fire disaster still less as muchas 60.3% (35 marketeer). It was caused by there was no information of manner about the preparednessof fire disaster, no training, didn’t have the telephone number of fire department, no simple fire extinguishers,could not use a fire APAR or hydrant, and unable to perform first aid to fire victims.Recomendation of BPBD departement necessary gave education and training about fire disaster preparedness,especially in the market so it could decrease the risk of fire disaster in Legi market Blitar city.
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Wang, Yaw Long, Yi Ming Chang, Mei Li You, Kun Yue Chen, Chun Ping Lin, and Chi Min Shu. "Fire Investigations and Analyses for a Typical Agricultural County in Yunlin, Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1008.

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Investigation of fire accidents is a primary and imperative procedure for human disaster prevention. It engages with the development on the planning program for disaster preventive-remedy and salvage in a city (or a county), and helps to mitigate this calamity effectively in the future, even for a nation. In this study, we investigated and analyzed fire accidents for one of typical rural areas in Asia–Yunlin county, Taiwan, from January, 2003 to August, 2005. This study deals with the statistical data from the Fire-Fighting Department, Yunlin county, Taiwan, including the frequency/probability, potential hazard grades of fire cases within its 20 administrative divisions, and fire occurrence causes, locations, times, divisions, etc., along with comprehensive surveys on the property damage and casualties in Yunlin county during these years. The analytical outcomes indicated that the higher the population concentration (Douliou city, Huwei town, Siluo town and Beigang town), the greater the probability for fire disasters for Yunlin county. This study could help develop corresponding strategies of fire prevention for an agricultural county and even promulgate related regulations to avoid future fire mishaps.
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Kolhs, Marta, Diânata Welter, Jucimar Frigo, and Grasiele Busnello. "CHARACTERIZATION OF TRAUMATIC EVENTS ATTENDED BY THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF ITAPIRANGA - SC." Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 3620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2013v5n2p3620.

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Kolhs, Marta, Jucimar Frigo, Grasiele Busnello, and Dianâta Simone Welter. "CHARACTERIZATION OF TRAUMATIC EVENTS ATTENDED BY THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF ITAPIRANGA - SC." Revista de Pesquisa Cuidado é Fundamental Online 5, no. 2 (March 18, 2013): 3620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2013.v5i2.3620-3625.

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ResumoO objetivo deste estudo visa caracterizar as ocorrências traumáticas atendidas pela corporação dos bombeiros do município de Itapiranga - SC. Como metodologia optou-se pela pesquisa quantitativa, documental, retrospectiva onde analisou-se 202 fichas de atendimento pré-hospitalar descritas neste estudo como atropelamentos, colisões, quedas de moto durante o ano de 2010. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um formulário contendo dados pessoais, características dos ferimentos e tipo de acidente. Obteve-se como resultados, 61% dos acidentes foram causados por motocicleta; 25% dos atendimentos ocorreram entre as 15h às 19h59min; 70% das vítimas eram do sexo masculino; 48% das vítimas tinham idade entre 18 a 26 anos; 12% dos atendimentos às vítimas apresentavam odor etílico. Conclui-se então que os adultos jovens do sexo masculino são as principais vítimas envolvidas nos acidentes de transito. Este trabalho contribuirá na construção de estratégias nas políticas públicas e nos serviços de saúde corroborando na diminuição de ocorrências traumáticas.
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Cooper, MD, MPH, Lt Elise, James R. Langabeer II, PhD, Diaa Alqusairi, MS, and David Persse, MD, EMT-P, FACEP. "Impact of Hurricane Ike on the call volumes of Houston Fire Department emergency medical services." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2012.0089.

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Introduction: Little is known about the capacity and activity of emergency medical services (EMS) during large-scale disasters. This article provides a case study of the role of EMS in one large urban city during a major hurricane.Methods: The authors analyzed changes in call volume data from the City of Houston Fire Department’s EMS during Hurricane Ike. Descriptive and statistical analyses are used to explain surges and statistical differences in volumes.Results: Demand for EMS care can increase approximately 40 percent during surges in the disaster cycle, placing extreme burdens on system capacity and workload. The largest increase in demand came from respiratory problems, falls, and chest pains, with the largest decrease in calls from motor vehicle accidents.Conclusions: A strategy for managing surges in prehospital care from major disasters is a requirement for modern EMS.
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Matsuyama, Masahiro, Reo Kimura, and Haruo Hayashi. "Organizational Structure and Institutions for Disaster Prevention: Research on the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Kobe City." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 1051–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p1051.

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Based on the author’s work experiences at the Kobe City fire department, this study examines the deaths directly and indirectly caused by earthquakes based on an examination of the firefighting, rescue, and emergency care operations that took place following the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. In particular, this study examines the ways in which the voluntary disaster-prevention organizations as well as the public services institutions, including the fire and police departments, have incorporated the lessons learned from previous disaster experiences. This approach is based on an observation of the operations conducted in Kobe City, and presents a framework aimed toward protecting lives from future earthquake disasters.
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Tanoue, L. T. "“Tobacco Free With FDNY”: The New York City Fire Department World Trade Center Tobacco Cessation Study." Yearbook of Medicine 2007 (January 2007): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3873(08)70177-9.

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Arshad, Faizan H., Alan Williams, Glenn Asaeda, Douglas Isaacs, Bradley Kaufman, David Ben-Eli, Dario Gonzalez, et al. "A Modified Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment Algorithm from the New York City (USA) Fire Department." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 2 (February 17, 2015): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14001447.

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AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to determine if modification of the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) system by the addition of an Orange category, intermediate between the most critically injured (Red) and the non-critical, non-ambulatory injured (Yellow), would reduce over- and under-triage rates in a simulated mass-casualty incident (MCI) exercise.MethodsA computer-simulation exercise of identical presentations of an MCI scenario involving a 2-train collision, with 28 case scenarios, was provided for triaging to two groups: the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY; n = 1,347) using modified START, and the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers from the Eagles 2012 EMS conference (Lafayette, Louisiana USA; n = 110) using unmodified START. Percent correct by triage category was calculated for each group. Performance was then compared between the two EMS groups on the five cases where Orange was the correct answer under the modified START system.ResultsOverall, FDNY-EMS providers correctly triaged 91.2% of cases using FDNY-START whereas non-FDNY-Eagles providers correctly triaged 87.1% of cases using unmodified START. In analysis of the five Orange cases (chest pain or dyspnea without obvious trauma), FDNY-EMS performed significantly better using FDNY-START, correctly triaging 86.3% of cases (over-triage 1.5%; under-triage 12.2%), whereas the non-FDNY-Eagles group using unmodified START correctly triaged 81.5% of cases (over-triage 17.3%; under-triage 1.3%), a difference of 4.9% (95% CI, 1.5-8.2).ConclusionsThe FDNY-START system may allow providers to prioritize casualties using an intermediate category (Orange) more properly aligned to meet patient needs, and as such, may reduce the rates of over-triage compared with START. The FDNY-START system decreases the variability in patient sorting while maintaining high field utility without needing computer assistance or extensive retraining. Comparison of triage algorithms at actual MCIs is needed; however, initial feedback is promising, suggesting that FDNY-START can improve triage with minimal additional training and cost.ArshadFH, WilliamsA, AsaedaG, IsaacsD, KaufmanB, Ben-EliD, GonzalezD, FreeseJP, HillgardnerJ, WeakleyJ, HallCB, WebberMP, PrezantDJ. A modified Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment algorithm from the New York City (USA) Fire Department. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-6.
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Tanoue, L. T. "“Tobacco Free With FDNY”: The New York City Fire Department World Trade Center Tobacco Cessation Study." Yearbook of Pulmonary Disease 2007 (January 2007): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3452(08)70354-2.

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Izbicki, Gabriel, Robert Chavko, Gisela I. Banauch, Michael D. Weiden, Kenneth I. Berger, Thomas K. Aldrich, Charles Hall, Kerry J. Kelly, and David J. Prezant. "World Trade Center “Sarcoid-Like” Granulomatous Pulmonary Disease in New York City Fire Department Rescue Workers." Chest 131, no. 5 (May 2007): 1414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.06-2114.

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Ostovar, H. "Pausing for Rest, Next to the Remnants of a New York City Fire Department Rescue Unit." Academic Emergency Medicine 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/aemj.9.3.263.

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Izinyon, O. C., and B. U. Anyata. "Use of Hydraulic Network Model for Evaluating Fire Flow Capacity of a Water Distribution Network." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.797.

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A WaterCAD hydraulic network model of the existing Ikpoba Hill Benin City water distribution system was constructed and calibrated for steady state simulation studies using the network’s physical, operational and calibration data. The model was then used for available fire flow analysis and system improvement design. Our study reveals that the existing network has available fire flow of O l/s and hence cannot provide needed flow for fire suppression. However, the proposed improved network with increased diameters of existing pipes and which also takes into account expected future growth has available fire flow of between 29.6l/s and 40l/s at the nodes in the network.On the basis of available fire flow at the nodes in the system, hydrant tagging, numbering and colour coding which can effectively increase the fire fighting ability of the fire department can be undertaken.
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Chen, Te Chi, Chia Chun Yu, and Cherng Shing Lin. "Computer Simulation and Analysis on Fire Verification and Smoke Distribution of the Entertainment Areas." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 716–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.716.

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Along with the economic growth, more crowded entertainment places are growing dramatically and the safety concerns are no longer contained as usual. The huge property damage and heavy casualties of fire caused by the owner ignorance of safety management or the fall short of the fire resistance specifications. These factors caused serious casualties after fire occurred. This research utilizes Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software to analyze and simulate the fire accident that occurred in a public entertainment places on Po-Li bar, KeeLung City, Taiwan. The computer simulation calculates the fire spread and smoke distribution at the fire scene, and is in reasonable agreement with the post report provided by the fire department and photos. Simulation results of the various important parameters - such as temperature, CO concentration and smoke layer height during the fire time domain are obtained. This study will provide the improvement of fire parameters and suggestions to avoid future unfortunate events.
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Idris, Muhammad. "The Impact of Education and Training, Work Discipline and Organizational Culture on Employee’s Performance: The Study of Disaster Management and Fire Department in Palembang City, Indonesia." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 8, no. 3 (May 14, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v8i3.13013.

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This study aims to investigate the impact of education and training, work discipline and organizational culture on employee’s performance. The study is conducted at the Disaster Management and Fire Department Office in Palembang City, Indonesia. There are seven offices of disaster management and fire department officials in all over Palembang city and the total population is 360 firefighters. The sample size is 154 respondents that are taken proportionately from each office. A survey research using questionnaire is employed to collect the data. The variables are education and training (X1), work discipline (X2), organizational culture (X3) and employees’ performance (Y). Technology and labor force changes, service and performance improvement and rules’ adjustment are indicators for education and training. Remuneration, supervision, and firmness are indicators for work discipline. Innovation, people oriented and composure are indicators for organizational culture. Working standard, work equipment and tool and work opportunity are indicators for employees’ performance. A regression equation model is employed. The result reveals that there is a positive and significant effect of education and training, work discipline and organizational culture on employee’s performance.
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Chandramouli, Mathangi A., Lauren Mount, Robert Winchell, and Philip Chang. "24 Geospatial Localization of Adult Burn Injuries and Associated Housing Factors in a Major Urban Metropolis." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S18—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.028.

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Abstract Introduction According to the National Burn Repository, almost 75% of all burns occur at the burn victim’s home. The modern urban metroplex is a diverse ecosystem made up of varied socioeconomic backgrounds often housed under heterogenous living conditions. We sought to better understand the relationship between location of injury and socioeconomic factors using geospatial mapping for this patient population. Methods Injury Zip Code Data was obtained from the electronic medical record of an ABA verified Burn Center serving a major urban metropolis from 2016–2018. Data was also obtained from this city’s OpenData database and included housing vacate list data from the fire department of this city, fire department dispatch data, fire department firehouse listing, fire department active order violation, and housing maintenance code complaints. ArcGIS software was used to create and analyze hotspot maps (p< 0.05). Results GIS analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between number of burns (NB) and firehouse density per zip code in sparsely distributed patches around NYC (Fig. 1) (p< 0.05). Notably, there is a statistically significant relationship between NB and fire dispatch volume as well as a large cluster of statistically significant area with respect to NB and housing active code violations in the two most populous districts (Fig 2 and 3) (p< 0.01). Conclusions Certain housing factors such as building code violations relate to burn volume in certain areas. It is also noted that increased firehouse density and fire dispatch volume are associated a larger volume of burn occurrences. Further analysis of different housing and social factors are is anticipated. Applicability of Research to Practice Burn outreach efforts are tailored towards our unique population. Having a better understanding of the population and localizing areas with increased burn injuries along with the potential social factors can help direct future outreach and prevention efforts.
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Erden, T., and M. Z. Coşkun. "Multi-criteria site selection for fire services: the interaction with analytic hierarchy process and geographic information systems." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2010): 2127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2127-2010.

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Abstract. This study combines AHP and GIS to provide decision makers with a model to ensure optimal site location(s) for fire stations selected. The roles of AHP and GIS in determining optimal locations are explained, criteria for site selection are outlined, and case study results for finding the optimal fire station locations in Istanbul, Turkey are included. The city of Istanbul has about 13 million residents and is the largest and most populated city in Turkey. The rapid and constant growth of Istanbul has resulted in the increased number of fire related cases. Fire incidents tend to increase year by year in parallel with city expansion, population and hazardous material facilities. Istanbul has seen a rise in reported fire incidents from 12 769 in 1994 to 30 089 in 2009 according to the interim report of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Department of Fire Brigade. The average response time was approximately 7 min 3 s in 2009. The goal of this study is to propose optimal sites for new fire station creation to allow the Fire Brigade in Istanbul to reduce the average response time to 5 min or less. After determining the necessity of suggesting additional fire stations, the following steps are taken into account: six criteria are considered in this analysis. They are: High Population Density (HPD); Proximity to Main Roads (PMR); Distance from Existing Fire Stations (DEF); Distance from Hazardous Material Facilities (DHM); Wooden Building Density (WBD); and Distance from the Areas Subjected to Earthquake Risk (DER). DHM criterion, with the weight of 40%, is the most important criterion in this analysis. The remaining criteria have a weight range from 9% to 16%. Moreover, the following steps are performed: representation of criterion map layers in GIS environment; classification of raster datasets; calculating the result raster map (suitability map for potential fire stations); and offering a model that supports decision makers in selecting fire station sites. The existing 35 fire stations are used and 17 fire stations are newly suggested in the study area.
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Banauch, Gisela I., Charles Hall, Michael Weiden, Hillel W. Cohen, Thomas K. Aldrich, Vasillios Christodoulou, Nicole Arcentales, Kerry J. Kelly, and David J. Prezant. "Pulmonary Function after Exposure to the World Trade Center Collapse in the New York City Fire Department." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 174, no. 3 (August 2006): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200511-1736oc.

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Lin, Cherng Shing, Chih Chung Lai, Ming En Wu, and Chia Chun Yu. "Firefighting Tactics during a Fire Event at a Textile Factory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 533 (February 2014): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.533.335.

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Many factories contain chemical substances, raw materials, and finished and semi-finished products; thus, a factory fire can cause substantial property losses and endanger lives. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used in this study to simulate a fire event at a textile factory in Taiwan. The circumstances of a 2010 fire event in Zhubei City were recreated using data from the fire department and print media, exploring changes in temperature, smoke, and the concentrations of harmful gases (i.e., carbon monoxide; CO). Criteria were established for judging the firefighting techniques used during the fire event. In other words, simulated results of the FDS were used to analyze and assess the planning and use of firefighting tactics to enhance the efficiency of firefighting and rescue techniques, decrease casualties and property losses, and increase the reference value of this study in its application to fighting future factory fires.
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Yeung, RSD, JTS Chan, and ST Ho. "Prehospital Response to Hazmat Incidents." Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 9, no. 2 (April 2002): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102490790200900205.

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Hazmat incidents rarely occur, but when they do they may cause tremendous casualties and terror among the community. The chemical leakage in Bhopal of India in 1984 resulted in 2500 deaths and injured more than 150,000.1 The Sarin attack in Tokyo subway station caused more than 10 deaths and 5,000 people were affected.2 Therefore, both industrial chemical leakage and terrorist attack using chemical agents is a major concern to any cosmopolitan city. To best manage these incidents, we need a well written contingency response plan involving local government departments, the Police Department, the Fire Service Department and the receiving hospitals.
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Traut, Carol Ann, Rick Larsen, and Steven H. Feimer. "Hanging on or Fading Out?" Public Personnel Management 29, no. 3 (September 2000): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600002900304.

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Job satisfaction remains an important issue for public managers, as they try to motivate workers in today's political environment. Many of the motivational efforts are centered around newer employees, while longer-term workers are automatically assumed to be committed to their jobs. In this study of a medium-size city fire department, employees were surveyed on five aspects of job satisfaction: satisfaction with the supervisor, satisfaction with agency relationships, satisfaction with job training, satisfaction with job content, and overall job satisfaction. The effects of job tenure on satisfaction were uniform across the five aspects. The newest employees were significantly more satisfied with their jobs than were longer-term employees, even when controlling for the organizational rank. For a successful workplace, employers must continue to invest in their longer-term employees even as they develop newer employees. In the 1990s, public sector employers are struggled to maintain a competent and committed workforce. Nowhere was this more true than at the local level in services such as fire fighting where stress is a constant element of working, cooperative relationships are vital, and training demands are continual. Employers not only must hire and train new workers, but also encourage a continued high level of dedication and willingness to learn among their more long-term employees. This study looks at employee job satisfaction among the employees of a fire department in a medium-size city. It then discusses the ongoing challenges of motivating public workers at all levels of experience.
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Chan, Edwin S. "The Salvage of MV Essi Silje and Lloyd's Arbitration Hearing." Marine Technology and SNAME News 24, no. 01 (January 1, 1987): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1987.24.1.72.

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In 1982 the chemical tanker MV Essi Silje caught fire and was abandoned in the North Atlantic. The Canadian naval supply ship, HMCS Protecteur, undertook the salvage operation before the arrival of the salvage tugs. The vessel was eventually salvaged. For the subsequent Lloyd's Arbitration Hearing in London, the author was tasked by the Department of Justice of Canada to provide evidence for presentation at the hearing. This paper presents a brief account of the incident, the technical investigation, the technical disputes, and provides recommendations for future salvage operations.
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Drawve, Grant, Leslie W. Kennedy, Joel M. Caplan, and James Sarkos. "Risk of robbery in a tourist destination: a monthly examination of Atlantic City, New Jersey." Journal of Place Management and Development 13, no. 4 (May 7, 2020): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-07-2019-0064.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify potential changes in crime generators and attractors based on monthly models in a high-tourist destination. Design/methodology/approach A risk terrain modeling approach was used to assess spatial relationships between 27 crime generator and attractor types in Atlantic City, New Jersey with robbery occurrence for the 2015 calendar year. In total, 12 separate monthly models were run to identify changes in risk factors based on the month of the year. Findings Results indicated unique significant risk factors based on the month of the year. Over the warmer and summer months, there was a shift in environmental risk factors that falls in line with more of a change in routine activities for residents and tourists and related situational contexts for the crime. Practical implications The analytical approach used in the current study could be used by police departments and jurisdictions to understand types of crime generators and attractors influencing local crime occurrence. Subsequent analyses were used by Atlantic City Police Department to direct place-based policing efforts. Originality/value With growing crime and place research that accounts for temporal scales, the authors advance these endeavors by focusing on a tourist destination, Atlantic City, New Jersey.
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Aldrich, Thomas K., Fen Ye, Charles B. Hall, Mayris P. Webber, Hillel W. Cohen, Michael Dinkels, Kaitlyn Cosenza, et al. "Longitudinal Pulmonary Function in Newly Hired, Non-World Trade Center-Exposed Fire Department City of New York Firefighters." Chest 143, no. 3 (March 2013): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-0675.

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Banauch, Gisela, Michael Weiden, Charles Hall, Hillel W. Cohen, Thomas K. Aldrich, Nicole Arcentales, Kerry J. Kelly, and David J. Prezant. "ACCELERATED PULMONARY FUNCTION DECLINE AFTER WORLD TRADE CENTER PARTICULATE EXPOSURE IN THE NEW YORK CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT WORKFORCE." Chest 128, no. 4 (October 2005): 213S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.128.4_meetingabstracts.213s-b.

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Putman, Barbara, Rachel Zeig-Owens, Ankura Singh, Charles B. Hall, Theresa Schwartz, Mayris P. Webber, Hillel W. Cohen, David J. Prezant, Claus Bachert, and Michael D. Weiden. "Risk factors for post-9/11 chronic rhinosinusitis in Fire Department of the City of New York workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 12 (October 18, 2018): 884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105297.

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ObjectivesChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has high socioeconomic burden but underexplored risk factors. The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on 11 September 2001 (9/11) caused dust and smoke exposure, leading to paranasal sinus inflammation and CRS. We aim to determine which job tasks are risk factors for CRS in WTC-exposed Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) firefighters and emergency medical services (EMS) workers.MethodsThis cohort study included a 16-year follow-up of 11 926 WTC-exposed FDNY rescue/recovery workers with data on demographics, WTC exposure, job tasks and first post-9/11 complete blood counts. Using multivariable Cox regression, we assessed the associations of WTC exposure, work assignment (firefighter/EMS), digging and rescue tasks at the WTC site and blood eosinophil counts with subsequent CRS, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe rate of CRS was higher in firefighters than EMS (1.80/100 person-years vs 0.70/100 person-years; p<0.001). The combination of digging and rescue work was a risk factor for CRS (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.94, p<0.001) independent of work assignment and WTC exposure.ConclusionsCompared with EMS, firefighters were more likely to engage in a combination of digging and rescue work, which was a risk factor for CRS. Chronic irritant exposures associated with digging and rescue work may account for higher post-9/11 CRS rates among firefighters.
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Alrwais, Omer A., and Brian N. Hilton. "Spatial Analytics for Rancho Cucamonga." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 16, no. 1 (January 2014): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2014010104.

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Managing a city with its different departments, resources and assets can be a challenging problem especially when considering the dynamic events (fire, traffic accidents, 911 calls, road closures, etc. …) that take place each day. The overall performance of how a city is performing depends on the efficiency of different departments. Taking into account that the needed information resides in the silos of different departments, there is a need to connect the dots to see the overall picture. The operational period of the city of Rancho Cucamonga starts at 8:00 AM and ends at 4:00 PM. During that period, the city manager and other department directors need to track incidents and events happing in the city in order to respond effectively and in a timely matter. This case shows how a city has used location analytics in an innovative way to provide the capability for city management to monitor daily incidents using a single dashboard screen.
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Wallace, David M. "Air Force Rescue at the MGM Hotel Fire in Las Vegas." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 1 (1985): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00032726.

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One of the worst hotel fires in the USA occurred at the MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, on November 21, 1980. This tragedy claimed 84 lives and injured 300 others. The toll might have been higher were it not for Air Force assistance.Nine U.S. Air Force helicopters responded swiftly to the scene in answer to the city of Las Vegas plea for help. The call came from the Metropolitan Police Department at 7:38 a.m. and got an immediate response from the Nellis Air Force Base (AFB) Consolidated Command Post. By 7:55 a.m., the first Huey helicopter was airborne. Less than 20 minutes later it was hovering over the MGM Grand Hotel. Evacuation of survivors began immediately, according to Major Larry B. Doege, commander of Detachment 1, 57th Fighter Weapons Wing.
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Scawthorn, C., T. D. O'Rourke, and F. T. Blackburn. "The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire—Enduring Lessons for Fire Protection and Water Supply." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 2_suppl (April 2006): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2186678.

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Prior to 18 April 1906 the San Francisco Fire Department and knowledgeable persons in the insurance industry regarded a conflagration in San Francisco as inevitable. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and ensuing fire is the greatest single fire loss in U.S. history, with 492 city blocks destroyed and life loss now estimated at more than 3,000. This paper describes fire protection practices in the United States prior to 1906; the conditions in San Francisco on the eve of the disaster; ignitions, spread, and convergence of fires that generated the 1906 conflagration; and damage to the water supply system in 1906 that gave impetus to construction of the largest high-pressure water distribution network ever built—San Francisco's Auxiliary Water Supply System (AWSS). In the 1980s hydraulic network and fire simulation modeling identified weaknesses in the fire protection of San Francisco—problems mitigated by an innovative Portable Water Supply System (PWSS), which transports water long distances and helped extinguish the Marina fire during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The AWSS and PWSS concepts have been extended to other communities and provide many lessons, paramount of which is that communities need to develop an integrated disaster preparedness and response capability and be constantly vigilant in maintaining that capability. This lesson is especially relevant to highly seismic regions with large wood building inventories such as the western United States and Japan, which are at great risk of conflagration following an earthquake.
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Weber, E. K., L. Stein-Spencer, and S. M. Mckinney. "(P2-24) The “Oxygen Bus”: Retrofitting a City Bus with Oxygen Resources to Respond to Hospital Evacuations and Other Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004687.

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Evacuation/Oxygen Bus The Chicago Fire Department (CFD) identified a need to treat multiple stable fire/inhalation victims who require oxygen, whether due to a previous medical condition or as the result of an acute event, such as evacuation of or fire in any building, hospital, or treatment facility. As a partner with the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) and an active participant in the “Chicago Healthcare System Coalition for Preparedness and Response”, the CFD determined that a bus could be an adjunct in city responses and emergencies. With the support of the Coalition, the CFD approached the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) to obtain a bus. Once the actual bus was given to the CFD, an operations order was written and the appropriate equipment was purchased. The Evacuation Committee of the Coalition identified equipment and supply needs. Supplies purchased and retrofitted for the bus include modulators for patient oxygen use, oxygen tanks, masks, nebulizers, automated external defibrillators (AEDs), first line advanced life support (ALS) medications, evacuation chairs for moving patients, and special emergency lighting. The bus is able to accommodate thirty five people who require treatment simultaneously. The use of the bus includes but not limited to: (1) hospital evacuation and treatment of stable patients with oxygen and nebulizers prior to transportation to an alternate facility; (2) long-term care facility evacuation and treatment of stable patients with oxygen needs prior to placement and transport to another facility; (3) responding to building fires to treat victims who may need oxygen and nebulizer treatments on site; (4) assisting with the evacuation of home-based, at-risk oxygen dependent patients; and (5) treating evacuated children from specialized treatment facilities who may be oxygen dependent. The outside of the bus has both CFD and CDPH logos to identify that this is a collaborative effort between city agencies and a Healthcare Coalition.
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Buysse, Beverly A. "PORT PARTNERSHIPS IN TAMPA BAY1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 1163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1163.

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ABSTRACT In August 1993, Tampa Bay, Florida was the scene of a devastating collision between a freighter and two barges. All three vessels came together in a moment of panic that left Tampa Bay looking like a war zone of burning and sinking wrecks. Parts of Tampa Bay were strewn with heavy fuel oil after the August 10 accident between the 345-foot Philippine-flagged freighter Balsa 37, which had been headed out of Tampa Bay, and two tug/barge units, Seafarer/Ocean 255 and Fred Bouchard B. No 155. This collision resulted in an explosion that burned out of control until the Tampa Fire Department extinguished it later that evening. Since the time of this collision, there have been major improvements made in firefighting response capabilities in the Tampa Bay area. The multi-level response community has been exercised extensively, including an exercise involving the evacuation of a cruise ship. Another exercise noted improvements to the response resources and capabilities in a field training exercise where the U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Office (MSO) Tampa, Tampa Fire Department, Tampa Port Authority, and Hvide Marine Towing deployed equipment to the scene of a simulated shipboard fire. The Tampa Port Authority supplied a 210-foot roll on-roll off (ro-ro) barge with a 78-foot beam capable of loading 73,230 pounds (32.1 long tons). The barge provided easy mobilization for the Tampa Fire Department to load four engine companies, a foam trailer, one Emergency Medical Service (EMS) vehicle, and all had sufficient room to work. Hvide Marine Towing provided a tug to deploy the ro-ro barge in a stern tow. This exercise demonstrated the joint cooperation and partnership between federal, state, city, and private industry to work together and improve the marine firefighting response posture in Tampa Bay. With every level of government under budget constraints, it is important to look for multi-purpose equipment and resources that will get the job done. Tampa Port Authority's ro-ro barge has presented itself as a unique firefighting resource that can be used as a platform to carry the fire engines from the city or county. The barge can reach any part of the port quickly and can handle a vessel or waterfront situation, thus improving the marine firefighting response posture in the port.
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Shafiei Sabet, Maryam, Ali Asgary, and Adriano O. Solis. "Emergency calls during the 2013 southern Ontario ice storm: case study of Vaughan." International Journal of Emergency Services 8, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 292–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-01-2019-0004.

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Purpose Responding to emergency incidents by emergency response organizations such as fire, ambulance and police during large disaster and emergency events is very important. The purpose of this paper is to provide some insights into response patterns during the 2013 ice storm in the city of Vaughan, Ontario, Canada, using temporal and spatial analyses. Design/methodology/approach The City of Vaughan Fire and Rescue Service data set containing all responses to fire and other emergency incidents from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2016 was used. The 2013 Southern Ontario ice storm occurred from December 20, 2013 to January 1, 2014, and, for this study, December 20–31 is considered the “study period.” Temporal, spatial and spatiotemporal analyses of responses during the study period are carried out and are compared with the same period in other years (2009–2012 and 2014–2016). Findings The findings show that temporal patterns of response attributes changed significantly during the 2013 ice storm. Similarly, the spatial pattern of responses during the 2013 ice storm showed some major differences with other years. The spatiotemporal analyses also demonstrate significant variations in responses in the city during different hours of the day in the ice storm days. Originality/value This study is the first study to examine the spatiotemporal patterns of responses made by a fire department during the 2013 ice storm in Canada. It provides some insights into the differences between response volumes, temporal and spatial distributions during large emergency events (e.g. ice storm) and normal situations. The results will help in mitigating the number of responses in the future through public education and technological changes. Moreover, the results will provide fire departments with information that could help them prepare for such events by possible reallocation of resources.
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Conlon, Kathe M., Margaret A. Dimler, Sylvia J. Petrone, and Michael A. Marano. "563 “After the Fire”; The Legacy of a College Dormitory Fire Twenty Years Later." Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (April 1, 2021): S131—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.213.

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Abstract Introduction In January 2000 fire erupted at a local college. Panicked students, many who failed to attend school-sponsored fire drills or ignored the alarms that night, found themselves scrambling to escape. Seven students were admitted for severe burns to a near-by burn center (BC), with 54 initially staged in the Emergency Department. While this dormitory fire took place more than twenty years ago, its legacy is still being felt today. Methods History shows that, with any tragedy, there are lessons to learn that lessen the impact of property destruction, injury or death. Literature review of several major fires looked at their impact promoting burn care and fire safety to correlate those lessons with this fire. Four key areas of improvement emerged: disaster preparedness, media relations, legislation, and fire prevention. Results Changes to BC disaster preparedness included formation of a more comprehensive plan, revisions to triage and transfer protocols, new guidelines for unit staffing, creation of a mid-Atlantic group of BCs that eventually morphed into the Eastern Regional Burn Disaster Consortium, and installation of a medical command center for regional disaster response. Media relations saw a collaboration with law enforcement, due to criminal investigation, and a partnership with a syndicated newspaper to document the journey of two survivors. A series of articles eventually resulted in a Pulitzer Prize-finalist book, with award winning photographs displayed at a national museum. Redesigned fire safety programs targeted high school and college students emphasizing escape plans, and clinical education included disaster drills. Two survivors became motivational speakers, sharing their personal story on campuses across the United States. New legislation mandated sprinkler installation in dormitories nationwide, and a non-profit foundation was formed to improve burn care. The anniversary of this fire is still commemorated each year with a ceremony and wreath-laying on campus. Conclusions Despite this dormitory fire being ranked as the deadliest in state history, all these years later the legacy of this landmark event remains one of triumph and resilience as its lessons still to resonate today
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Yip, Jennifer, Rachel Zeig-Owens, Mayris P. Webber, Andrea Kablanian, Charles B. Hall, Madeline Vossbrinck, Xiaoxue Liu, et al. "World Trade Center-related physical and mental health burden among New York City Fire Department emergency medical service workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 73, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102601.

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Cooper, Arthur, Michael Frogel, and George Foltin. "Lessons Learned from an Obstetrics/Newborn/Neonatal Intensive Care Full-Scale Exercise." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001353.

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Introduction:Children are frequently victims of disasters. However, gaps remain in disaster planning for pediatric patients. The New York City Pediatric Disaster Coalition (NYCPDC) is funded by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) to prepare NYC for mass casualty incidents that involve large numbers of children.Aim:On April 26, 2018, the NYCPDC conducted a first full-scale exercise with the New York Fire Department (FDNY) testing evacuation, patient tracking, communications, and emergency response of the obstetrics, newborn, and neonatal units at Staten Island University Hospital North. The goal of the exercise was to evaluate current obstetrics/newborn/neonatal plans and assess the hospital’s ability to evacuate patients.Methods:The exercise planning process included a review of existing obstetrics/newborn/neonatal plans, four group planning meetings, specific area meetings, and plan revisions. The exercise incorporated scenario-driven, operations-based activities, which challenged participants to employ the facility’s existing evacuation plans during an emergency.Results:The exercise assessed the following: communication, emergency operation plans, evacuation, patient tracking, supplies, and staffing. Internal and external evaluators rated exercise performance on a scale of 1-4. Evaluators completed an exercise evaluation guide based on the Master Scenario Event List.An After Action Report was written based on the information from the exercise evaluation guides, participant feedback forms, hot wash session, and after-action review meeting. Strengths included the meaningful improvement of plans before the exercise (including the fire department) and the overall meeting of exercise objectives.Discussion:Lessons learned included: addressing gaps in effective internal and external communications, adequate supplies of space, staff, and equipment needed for vertical evacuations in addition to providing staging and alternate care sites with sufficient patient care and electrical power resources. The lessons learned are being utilized to improve existing hospital plans to prepare for future full-scale exercise and or real-time events.
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Schenker, Josef D., Steven Goldstein, James Braun, Andrew Werner, Frank Buccellato, Glenn Asaeda, and David J. Prezant. "Triage Accuracy at a Multiple Casualty Incident Disaster Drill: The Emergency Medical Service, Fire Department of New York City Experience." Journal of Burn Care & Research 27, no. 5 (September 2006): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.bcr.0000235450.12988.27.

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