Journal articles: 'Atlantic - Mediterranean suture zone'

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PRILLO, S., J. MEHAJ, and J. PRILLO. "Other coiling changes in Globoratalia Acostaensis unknown till now in Mediterranean area." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17092.

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In this study, all samples from Tortonian to Early Pliocene sediments of Zvernec-Vlora and Kavaja-Durres regions within Peri-Adriatic Foredeep (PAF) of Albania containing Globorotalia acostaensis were studied qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on these analyses resulted that G. acostaensis have changed coiling ratio direction during G. acostaensis and G. obliquus extremus Zone of Tortonian, differently from that known in Mediterranean area up to now. This is not a short time interval, which more exactly is from the first appearance of G. acostaensis to first appearance of G. suterae, at the upper part of G. extremus Zone. Another documented and explaining unconformity here is related with beginning of Pliocene sediments. There are at least four alienating sinistral and dextral coiling changes in G.acostaensis populations. Also in this work is given the history of the study of G acostaensis and which maybe causes that this species in Mediterranean province and especially in our country is used relatively late as zonal marker species. The main object of stratigraphers and paleontologists has been finding a successive section, with uninterrupted sedimentation, possibly for the longest geological time. Regarding to this phenomenon could be explained resulting unconformity between coiling ratio changes in Globorotalia acostaensis of the present study and other studies carried out in Mediterranean area on this occasion up to now. It is difficult to understand here the resulting unconformity during the main part of Tortonian age, which prolonged more than 2 m.y. Another resulting unconformity discovered at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary of the Kavaja-Durres regions is very significant. In these regions was discovered an earlier Pliocene sedimentation than known up to now according to resulting alternations of coiling direction of Globorotalia acostaensis prior to Pliocene Sphaeroidinellopsis Acme zone. These data are in favour of those based on the isotopie stratigraphy, which give a new definition at 5.32 M.Y. Miocene/Pliocene boundary instead of 5.1 or 5.2 M.Y. given previously based on absolute age. Coiling changes, in our case that of G. acostaensis are in response to changing climates or alternation of different cold and warm water populations resulting from changes in the boundaries between water masses as at the beginning of the Pliocene when the water masses of the Atlantic Ocean overflowed the Mediterranean area. Here is also proposed to correct the Neogene paleoclimatic curve referring, for the interval of G. acostaensis range distribution.

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Leprêtre, Rémi, Dominique Frizon de Lamotte, Violaine Combier, Oriol Gimeno-Vives, Geoffroy Mohn, and Rémi Eschard. "The Tell-Rif orogenic system (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia) and the structural heritage of the southern Tethys margin." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 189, no. 2 (2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2018009.

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The Tell-Rif (Tell in Algeria and Tunisia; Rif in Morocco) is the orogenic system fringing to the south the West Mediterranean basins. This system comprises three major tectonic-palaeogeographic zones from north to south: (1) the internal zones (AlKaPeCa for Alboran, Kabylies, Peloritan, Calabria) originating from the former northern European margin of the Maghrebian Tethys, (2) the “Flyschs zone” regarded as the former cover of the oceanic domain and (3) the external zones, forming the former southern Maghrebian Tethys margin more or less inverted. The Tell-Rif is interpreted as the direct result of the progressive closure of the Maghrebian Tethys until the collision between AlKaPeCa and Africa and, subsequently, the propagation of the deformation within Africa. This gives a consistent explanation for the offshore Neogene geodynamics and most authors share this simple scenario. Nevertheless, the current geodynamic models do not completely integrate the Tell-Rif geology. Based on the analysis of surface and sub-surface data, we propose a reappraisal of its present-day geometry in terms of geodynamic evolution. We highlight its non-cylindrical nature resulting from both the Mesozoic inheritance and the conditions of the tectonic inversion. During the Early Jurassic, we emphasize the development of NE-SW basins preceding the establishment of an E-W transform corridor connecting the Central Atlantic Ocean with the Ligurian Tethys. The Maghrebian Tethys developed just after, as the result of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous left-lateral spreading between Africa and Iberia. By the Late Cretaceous, the occurrence of several tectonic events is related to the progressive convergence convergence between the two continents. A major pre-Oligocene (pre-35 Ma) compressional event is recorded in the Tell-Rif system. The existence of HP-LT metamorphic rocks associated with fragments of mantle in the External Metamorphic Massifs of the Eastern Rif and Western Tell shows that, at that time, the western part of the North-African margin was involved in a subduction below a deep basin belonging to the Maghrebian Tethys. At the same time, the closure of the West Ligurian Tethys through east-verging subduction led to a shift of the subduction, which jumped to the other side of AlKaPeCa involving both East Ligurian and Maghrebian Tethys. Slab rollback led to the development of the Oligo-Miocene back-arc basins of the West-Mediterranean, reworking the previous West Ligurian Tethys suture. The docking of AlKaPeCa against Africa occurred during the Late Burdigalian (17 Ma). Subsequently, the slab tearing triggered westward and eastward lateral movements that are responsible for the formation of the Gibraltar and Tyrrhenian Arcs respectively. The exhumation of the External Metamorphic Massifs occurred through tectonic underplating during the westward translation of the Alboran Domain. It resulted in the formation of both foredeep and wedge-top basins younger and younger westward. The lack of these elements in the eastern part of the systems signs a different evolution dominated by frontal accretion. In the discussion, we precisely address the origin of the non-cylindrical behavior of the orogenic system and question the mechanisms explaining at large scale the phases of coupling/uncoupling between the major plates.

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Arntzen, Jan W., Jacob McAtear, Roland Butôt, and Iñigo Martínez-Solano. "A common toad hybrid zone that runs from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean." Amphibia-Reptilia 39, no. 1 (2018): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003145.

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We document the distribution of the common toadBufo bufoand the spined toadB. spinosusat their contact zone across France with data from a mitochondrial DNA RFLP assay, complementing similar work including nuclear markers in the northwest and southeast of France and in Italy. We also reconstruct geographical clines across the species’ contact zone in central France.Bufo bufois found in the north-eastern half of France.Bufo spinosusis found in the south-western complement. The contact zone they form runs from the Atlantic coast near Caen, France, to the Mediterranean coast near Savona, Italy, and has a length of over 900 km. In central FranceB. bufoandB. spinosusengage in a hybrid zone with a unimodal genetic signature. Hybrid zone width is ca. 10 km at mitochondrial DNA and averages at 61 km for four nuclear loci. The hybrid zone is distinctly asymmetric with a signature ofB. spinosusinB. bufoand not the other way round. We attribute this observation toB. bufomoving southwards at the expense ofB. spinosus, with introgression in the direction of the advancing species. We noted substantial geographic variation in characters for species identification. Morphological species identification performs well in France, but breaks down in Italy. Mitochondrial DNA is inconclusive in south-eastern France and Italy. The nuclear genetic markers perform consistently well but have not yet been applied to the zone in full. Possible, but surely heterogeneous ecological correlates for the position of the hybrid zone are mountains and rivers.

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Weiss, Ronja, Zeltia Torrecilla, Enrique González-Ortegón, Ana M. González-Tizón, Andrés Martínez-Lage, and Christoph D. Schubart. "Genetic differentiation between Mediterranean and Atlantic populations of the common prawn Palaemon serratus (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) reveals uncommon phylogeographic break." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 6 (June 8, 2017): 1425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417000492.

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The Atlantic–Mediterranean transition zone between the Alborán Sea and the Gulf of Cádiz constitutes the most prominent marine geographic barrier in European waters and includes known phylogeographic breaks such as the Strait of Gibraltar and the Almería-Oran Front. A genetic shift in this area has been previously documented for the European littoral shrimp Palaemon elegans. Here we carried out a phylogeographic analysis with the congeneric and sympatric species Palaemon serratus to test for similar intraspecific genetic differentiation and geographic structure. This littoral prawn is distributed in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. We compared DNA sequences from the mitochondrial genes Cox1 and to a lesser extent from 16S rRNA of several Atlantic and Mediterranean populations. Furthermore, sequences from the nuclear gene Enolase were included for corroborating differences between Mediterranean and Atlantic individuals. A pronounced genetic differentiation was detected between the Mediterranean and Atlantic populations, amounting to 10.14% in Cox1 and 2.0% in 16S, indicating the occurrence of two independent evolutionary lineages. Interestingly, specimens from the Atlantic Gulf of Cadiz cluster together with the Mediterranean individuals, indicating that a biogeographic barrier appears to be located west of the Strait of Gibraltar.

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Varela-Álvarez, Elena, Ana C. Balau, Núria Marbà, Julio Afonso-Carrillo, Carlos M. Duarte, and Ester A. Serrão. "Genetic diversity and biogeographical patterns of Caulerpa prolifera across the Mediterranean and Mediterranean/Atlantic transition zone." Marine Biology 162, no. 3 (January 11, 2015): 557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2605-5.

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Blanco, G., Y. J. Borrell, M. E. Cagigas, E. Vázquez, and J. A. Sánchez Prado. "Microsatellites-based genetic analysis of the Lophiidae fish in Europe." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 10 (2008): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08038.

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The anglerfish species Lophius piscatorius and Lophius budegassa are among the most valuable fishes sought after by bottom fisheries in western and southern European waters. It is currently believed that there are two stocks for each of the two species, north and south, which determine their assessment and management. A genetic analysis using eight polymorphic microsatellite markers was carried out on samples collected from western European waters and the south-western Mediterranean Sea. The results strongly suggest that the boundary between northern and southern stocks is not genetically supported. However, populations were not genetically homogeneous. Besides a pattern of genetic differentiation between Mediterranean and the rest of the samples, the L. budegassa samples taken from the Spain Atlantic zone and from the Portugal Atlantic zone were genetically distinct, whereas the samples taken in the French Atlantic zone for the L. piscatorius species seem to be different from the rest of the samples under study. This can be indicative of a more subtle genetic structure that deserves more study for guaranteeing adequate fishery management of these species.

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Nofroni, Italo, Walter Renda, and Angelo Vannozzi. "Similar shells in different seas: the case of Atlantic Brachystomia carrozzai (van Aartsen, 1987) and two allied Mediterranean species (Gastropoda: Pyramidellidae)." Bollettino Malacologico 58, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53559/bollmalacol.2021.19.

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The comparison of shells of Brachystomia carrozzai (van Aartsen, 1987) of Atlantic and Mediterranean origin allowed us to detect slight but constant morphological differences. In particular, Mediterranean specimens, here attributed to Brachystomia pizzinii n. sp., show, with respect to B. carrozzai, a more protruding and widely umbilicated protoconch, and a teleoconch with more convex whorls and clear suture. A further species with distribution limited to the waters of southern Spain, in the literature attributed to B. carrozzai as well, is described here as Brachystomia hispanica n. sp. The latter is distinguished from both B. carrozzai and B. pizzinii due to its small size and broader profile. Further, Brachystomia sorianoi (Peñas & Rolán, 2006) is reported for the first time from the Bay of Algeciras.

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MIFSUD, C., M. TAVIANI, and S. STOHR. "Remarks on Echinodermata from the South Central Mediterranean Sea based upon collections made during the MARCOS cruise (10 to 20th April, 2007)." Mediterranean Marine Science 10, no. 2 (December 2, 2009): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.109.

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The MARCOS cruise, which took place in the South Central Mediterranean Sea on board the RV ‘Urania’, resulted in the collection of 27 species of Echinodermata from shallow to bathyal depths, many from around Malta (the Fisheries Management Zone). The fauna is represented by common to rare taxa already reported from the Mediterranean with the exception of the amphi-Atlantic ophiuroid Ophiotreta valenciennesi rufescens (Koehler, 1896), recorded from the Mediterranean Basin for the first time. Odontaster mediterraneus (von Marenzeller, 1893) and Luidia sarsi Lutken, 1858 are also first records for the Maltese Islands.

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Le Pichon, Xavier, A. M. Celâl Şengör, and Caner İmren. "A new approach to the opening of the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the origin of the Hellenic Subduction Zone. Part 1: The eastern Mediterranean Sea." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 11 (November 2019): 1119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0128.

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We identify long transform faults that frame the eastern Mediterranean Sea and that were active during Jurassic and probably the Early Cretaceous, during the opening of the central Atlantic Ocean. We show that the African margin of the eastern Mediterranean Sea is an 1800 km long transform fault that absorbed the Africa/Eurasia Jurassic left-lateral motion during the opening of the central Atlantic. We call this transform fault the Eastern Mediterranean South Transform fault (EMST). We identify two other transform faults that were active simultaneously and framed the eastern Mediterranean Sea during its formation. These are the Apulia Transform fault (AT) and the Eastern Mediterranean North Transform fault (EMNT). The AT, three hundred km north of the EMST, followed the southern boundary of the Apulia block. Still 300 km farther north, the EMNT formed the northern boundary of this eastern Mediterranean shear zone. This last fault has been destroyed over a large portion by the Hellenic subduction. We relate these transform faults to the kinematics of the Jurassic Africa/Eurasia motion. We conclude that the eastern Mediterranean Sea is a long pull-apart created by left-lateral shearing of the Adria block as it was structurally linked to Africa.

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TASKIN, E. "First report of the North Atlantic myrionematoid brown alga Ulonema rhizophorum Foslie (Phaeophyceae, Chordariaceae) in the Mediterranean Sea." Mediterranean Marine Science 14, no. 1 (March 6, 2013): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.330.

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The myrionematoid brown alga Ulonema rhizophorum Foslie (Phaeophyceae, Chordariaceae) is reported for the first time from the Mediterranean Sea. This species was collected growing as an epiphyte on Ulva sp. from the Dardanelles (Sea of Marmara, Turkey) in the midlittoral zone. Ulonema rhizophorum is characterized by downwardly produced rhizoids from the basal system. A key to the Mediterranean related genera of Ulonema is provided.

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GARCIA RASO, J. E., F. SALMERON, J. BARO, P. MARINA, and P. ABELLO. "The tropical African hermit crab Pagurus mbizi (Crustacea, Decapoda, Paguridae) in the Western Mediterranean Sea: a new alien species or filling gaps in the knowledge of the distribution?" Mediterranean Marine Science 15, no. 1 (December 6, 2013): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.530.

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We report the first occurrence in the European Mediterranean Sea of a tropical Atlantic hermit crab, Pagurus mbizi (Forest, 1955), based on the capture of twenty specimens (all sizes and ovigerous females) collected along the northern shores of the Alboran Sea, which proof the existence of a well-established population of this species, and the importance of this geographic area as a transitional and settlement zone for Atlantic species, which makes the Alboran Sea one of the richest marine biodiversity areas in the Mediterranean Sea. Some morphological comparative data with the closely related hermit crab Pagurus pubescentulus are given. In addition, data on its habitat and geographical distribution, as well as the probable pathways of introduction, are commented.

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Bellido, Juan J., Juan J. Castillo, Francisco Pinto, Juan J. Martín, José L. Mons, José C. Báez, and Raimundo Real. "Differential geographical trends for loggerhead turtles stranding dead or alive along the Andalusian coast, southern Spain." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 2 (July 9, 2009): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409990361.

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Every year, an undetermined number of loggerhead turtles cross the Gibraltar Strait entering and going out of the Mediterranean Sea. An unknown percentage of them strand on the Andalusian beaches, alive or dead, with an unequal distribution along the coast. We found a geographical pattern in the density of strandings, as well as in the proportion of them that were alive and dead. Atlantic areas receive a higher number of strandings, although most of them correspond to dead individuals, especially on the west coast (province of Huelva), whereas on the Mediterranean coast there is less difference between the number of alive and dead turtles stranded. The causes of stranding also presented a spatial segregation along these coasts: net fisheries were concentrated in Huelva, cold stunning was more frequent in Atlantic Cádiz, and debilitated turtle syndrome and longline were biased to the Mediterranean coast. The Atlantic areas might be an important accumulation zone for turtles, but where they endure a high human-induced stress and mortality. In the Mediterranean area, different causes, such as the narrowness of the Alborán basin, the ocean currents, human activity, or the number of turtles crossing, may increase the number of turtles stranding alive on the coast.

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Murphy, J. Brendan, James A. Braid, Cecilio Quesada, Dustin Dahn, Evan Gladney, and Nicolle Dupuis. "An eastern Mediterranean analogue for the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the Pangaean suture zone in SW Iberia." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 424, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp424.9.

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Alberto, Filipe, Sónia Massa, Pablo Manent, Elena Diaz-Almela, Sophie Arnaud-Haond, Carlos M. Duarte, and Ester A. Serrão. "Genetic differentiation and secondary contact zone in the seagrassCymodocea nodosaacross the Mediterranean-Atlantic transition region." Journal of Biogeography 35, no. 7 (July 2008): 1279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01876.x.

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Desboeufs, K. V., and G. Cautenet. "Transport and mixing zone of desert dust and sulphate over Tropical Africa and the Atlantic Ocean region." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 5615–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-5615-2005.

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Abstract. The potentiality of dust particles to mix with sulphate over Tropical Africa and the Atlantic Ocean is investigated by combining a meso-scale meteorological model with a dust production model and an SO2 emission database. This mixing process study is based on a qualitative approach where the reactivity of dust is estimated from its calcite content, which is the main mineral known to be reactive with sulphur species. We are presenting a 1-month simulation (January 1993). Our results show that the regions Northern Egypt and Libya (NEL), Western Sahara (WS) and Sahel (S) are the major sources of dust plumes. The simulated dust loading is in agreement with the measured data close to the African coasts. The Mediterranean and Maghreb regions are highly influenced by European sources of sulphate, for which the simulated concentrations are consistent with the observed trends. This simplified study identifies two zones that favour the mixing process between dust and sulphate: 1. the Eastern Mediterranean basin due to the concomitance of high concentrations of dust and sulphate and 2. the North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean due to the high amount of calcite in the ejected dust which is very reactive. Thus, we assume that the coating process takes place mainly in these regions and the sulphate-coated dust found on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean and American coasts) is principally due to this phenomenon.

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Thieuleux, F., C. Moulin, F. M. Bréon, F. Maignan, J. Poitou, and D. Tanré. "Remote sensing of aerosols over the oceans using MSG/SEVIRI imagery." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 12 (December 23, 2005): 3561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-3561-2005.

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Abstract. The SEVIRI instrument on board Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) offers new capabilities to monitor aerosol transport over the Atlantic and the Mediterranean at high temporal and spatial resolutions, in particular, Saharan dust from North Africa, biomass-burning aerosols from subtropical Africa and pollution from Europe. An inversion technique was developed to estimate both aerosol optical thickness and Angström coefficients from SEVIRI measurements at 0.63 and 0.81 µm. This method relies on an optimized set of aerosol models to ensure a fast processing of full-resolution MSG images and to allow the processing of long time series. SEVIRI images for slots 45, 49 and 53 (11:15, 12:15, 13:15 UT) were processed for June 2003. The retrieved optical thicknesses and Angström coefficients are in good agreement with AERONET in-situ measurements in the Atlantic and in the Mediterranean. Monthly mean maps of both parameters are compared to that obtained with the polar orbiting sensor POLDER for June 2003. There is a good consistency between the two monthly means in terms of optical thickness, but the Angström coefficients show significant differences in the Atlantic zone which is affected by dust transport. These differences may be explained by the lack of specific non-spherical dust models within the inversion. The preliminary results presented in this paper demonstrate, nevertheless, the potential of MSG/SEVIRI for the monitoring of aerosol optical properties at high frequencies over the Atlantic and the Mediterranean.

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Romero Bujan, Maria Inmaculada, and CARLOS REAL. "Morphometric characterization of Eryngium viviparum (Umbelliferae): description of a new subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula." Phytotaxa 158, no. 3 (February 4, 2014): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.3.4.

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Eryngium viviparum is an endemic plant of the Atlantic regions of Europe. Surveys carried out in recent years in the wetlands of northwest Spain have led to the identification of several previously undetected subpopulations of this species in inland areas with markedly Mediterranean bioclimatic characteristics that constitute the southern limit of this species. However, these populations overlap with the distribution of the Iberian endemic E. galioides, similar in size and morphology. We developed a biometric study on herbarium vouchers that has enabled us to identify a new subspecies, subspecies bariegoi, distributed in a limited geographical zone in Mediterranean areas of the northwest Iberian Peninsula.

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Catarino, D., D. Stanković, G. Menezes, and S. Stefanni. "Insights into the genetic structure of the rabbitfish Chimaera monstrosa (Holocephali) across the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition zone." Journal of Fish Biology 91, no. 4 (September 7, 2017): 1109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13404.

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Cruz-Castán, Roberto, Sámar Saber, David Macías, María José Gómez Vives, Gabriela Galindo-Cortes, Sergio Curiel-Ramirez, and César Meiners-Mandujano. "A possible new spawning area for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus): the first histologic evidence of reproductive activity in the southern Gulf of Mexico." PeerJ 7 (July 3, 2019): e7187. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7187.

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The number of studies of reproductive biology for Atlantic bluefin tuna carried out in the Gulf of Mexico is significantly lower than those undertaken in the Mediterranean Sea. Four spawning areas have been found for the eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna stock in the Mediterranean Sea, so it is not implausible that there is more than one spawning area in the Gulf of Mexico for the western Atlantic bluefin tuna stock. The individuals used in this study were caught as bycatch by the Mexican surface longline fleet between January and April 2015. A total of 63 individuals ranging between 192 and 293 cm LF (mean = 238 ± 22.52 cm) were measured. Gonads from 46 fish (31 females and 15 males) were collected for histological examination. All the individuals were classified as mature; 25 were reproductively active (in spawning capable and spawning stages). The histological analysis indicates spawning activity in Mexican waters (the southern Gulf of Mexico). Spawning occurred in March and April, when the sea surface temperature was 25.57 °C ± 0.69 in March and 27.03 °C ± 0.69 in April. Information on the location of the spawning areas is necessary for a correct management of species. The present study provides the first histological evidence of reproductive activity in Mexican waters, and indicates a wider spawning area, beyond just the northern zone, potentially encompassing the entire Gulf of Mexico.

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Dauvin, Jean-Claude, and Denise Bellan-Santini. "Illustrated Key to Ampelisca Species from the North-Eastern Atlantic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68, no. 4 (November 1988): 659–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400028782.

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The genus Ampelisca comprises more than 150 species and is one of the more important benthic genus of marine amphipods. New species are regularly added (Barnard & Agard 1986; Bellan-Santini & Marques, 1986; Goeke, 1987). Ampelisca are found from the intertidal zone to abyssal depths but most of them live on the continental shelf. In spite of many studies, it is often difficult to distinguish some species which are morphologically similar. In the last ten years, twenty-two species have been described from the north-eastern Atlantic (BellanSantini & Kaïm-Malka, 1977; Bellan-Santini & Dauvin, 1981, 1986; Dauvin & Bellan-Santini, 1982, 1985; Bellan-Santini & Marques, 1986). Materials come from MNHN of Paris collection, collected by Chevreux (1894–1924) (Dauvin & Bellan-Santini, 1985, 1986) and specimens collected during the last 25 years. All these new species are described from the Atlantic coast from northern Brittany to the Sahara and from the Mediterranean Sea.

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Maldonado, Manuel, and Maria-Jesus Uriz. "Biotic Affinities in a Transitional Zone Between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean: A Biogeographical Approach Based on Sponges." Journal of Biogeography 22, no. 1 (January 1995): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2846075.

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Kerr, Andrew, and Richard J. Wardle. "Definition of an Archean – Proterozoic crustal suture by isotopic studies of basement intersections from offshore wells in the southern Labrador Sea." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-017.

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Eight hydrocarbon exploration wells in the southern Labrador Sea penetrated Precambrian basement rocks, adjacent to the course of a Lithoprobe marine seismic reflection survey. The rock types are mostly Early Proterozoic (1870–1800 Ma) calc-alkaline plutonic rocks or their metamorphic derivatives, but one example is a Middle Proterozoic (1270 Ma) anorogenic intrusion. These samples of buried basement document a transition from juvenile Proterozoic crust in the southeast (shown by εNd from +0.8 to +2.2) to ancient Archean crust in the northwest (shown by εNd from −2.7 to −7.0). However, initial Sr isotope ratios do not show such a clear pattern. The transition in εNd is similar to results of onland studies in Labrador and formerly adjacent south Greenland, and delimits the hidden edge of the North Atlantic Archean craton within the Early Proterozoic Makkovikian–Ketilidian Orogen. These results from close to the seismic profile confirm that regional reflectivity contrasts on either side of the isotopic boundary record fundamental differences between local Archean and Proterozoic crust. Southeast-dipping reflectors that broadly correspond with the boundary zone probably represent a collisional suture zone, along which juvenile terranes were probably placed structurally above the Archean craton.

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Rogerson, Mike, Yuri Dublyansky, Dirk L. Hoffmann, Marc Luetscher, Paul Töchterle, and Christoph Spötl. "Enhanced Mediterranean water cycle explains increased humidity during MIS 3 in North Africa." Climate of the Past 15, no. 5 (September 16, 2019): 1757–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1757-2019.

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Abstract. We report a new fluid inclusion dataset from northeastern Libyan speleothem SC-06-01, which is the largest speleothem fluid inclusion dataset for North Africa to date. The stalagmite was sampled in Susah Cave, a low-altitude coastal site, in Cyrenaica, on the northern slope of the Jebel Al-Akhdar. Speleothem fluid inclusions from the latest Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 and throughout MIS 3 (∼67 to ∼30 kyr BP) confirm the hypothesis that past humid periods in this region reflect westerly rainfall advected through the Atlantic storm track. However, most of this moisture was sourced from the western Mediterranean, with little direct admixture of water evaporated from the Atlantic. Moreover, we identify a second moisture source likely associated with enhanced convective rainfall within the eastern Mediterranean. The relative importance of the western and eastern moisture sources seems to differ between the humid phases recorded in SC-06-01. During humid phases forced by precession, fluid inclusions record compositions consistent with both sources, but the 52.5–50.5 kyr interval forced by obliquity reveals only a western source. This is a key result, showing that although the amount of atmospheric moisture advections changes, the structure of the atmospheric circulation over the Mediterranean does not fundamentally change during orbital cycles. Consequently, an arid belt must have been retained between the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the midlatitude winter storm corridor during MIS 3 pluvials.

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Domínguez-Petit, Rosario, María Rosario Navarro, Marta Cousido-Rocha, Jorge Tornero, Fernando Ramos, Alba Jurado-Ruzafa, Cristina Nunes, Carmen Hernández, Andreia V. Silva, and Jorge Landa. "Spatial variability of life-history parameters of the Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias), an expanding species in the northeast Atlantic." Scientia Marina 86, no. 4 (December 14, 2022): e048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05296.048.

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Atlantic chub mackerel is a pelagic species present in the Atlantic Ocean that in recent decades has expanded northwards in the eastern Atlantic. Fish samples were collected in scientific surveys and commercial catches between 2011 and 2019. We analysed the geographical variation of the biological parameters (age, length, weight and condition), as well as the length-weight relationship, maturity-at-length and spawning season onset and duration in five geographical areas (from south to north): the Canary Islands, Gulf of Cadiz, western Portuguese coast, northwestern Spanish coast and Cantabrian Sea. The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) on fish length was modelled as a potential driver of geographical variability. All biological parameters increased progressively northwards, while the spawning season was delayed and prolonged with increasing latitude, from January in the Canary Islands to May-August in the Cantabrian Sea, when SST was between 15°C and 19°C. SST had a positive effect on length in three study areas and a negative one in two of them, suggesting that each group is at a different position within their thermal tolerance range. Deviance from the geographical pattern of some biological parameters in the Gulf of Cadiz suggests that it could be a hinge or mixing zone between Atlantic African, Mediterranean and Atlantic Iberian population components.

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HALIL, Houria, and Bouteldja RICHE. "The Mediterranean World and the ‘Turk’ in Shakespeare’s Representation of the British Empire." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 4, no. 4 (October 15, 2020): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol4no4.6.

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This research explores Shakespeare’s representation of the so-called British Empire in its contact with other jostling empires, most notably the Ottoman Empire in the Mediterranean. To this end, four of Shakespeare’s Mediterranean plays Othello, the Moor of Venice (1603), The Merchant of Venice (1596), The Tempest (1611), and Cymbeline (1611) are taken understudy. By considering the Postcolonial historicist approach developed by literary scholars such as Stephen Greenblatt and Edward Said, the research argues that the issues of imperial relationships in Shakespeare are not solely centered on the transatlantic colony of Virginia, but it was also extended to the Mediterranean basin. The latter, during Tudor England and, later, Stuart Britain had much more trade and diplomatic activity than on the Atlantic seaboard. This economic activity created a cosmopolitan zone of contact wherein people of the Orient elbowed people from the West. This encounter gave rise to a pre-modern form of Orientalism, which is reflected in Shakespeare’s celebration of marital-cum-political endogamous relationships in his four plays mentioned earlier.

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Cordey, Fabrice, and Frédéric Quillévéré. "Reassessing the age of Karpathos ophiolite (Dodecanese, Greece): consequences for Aegean correlations and Neotethys evolution." Geological Magazine 157, no. 2 (August 13, 2019): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000657.

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AbstractWhile the Neogene history of the Eastern Mediterranean region is now fairly well understood, our knowledge of older regional palaeogeographies is less accurate, especially the positions of blocks and nappes constituting the Aegean Islands prior to the Cenozoic. Our study focuses on the ophiolite exposed on the island of Karpathos (Dodecanese), which is located in the Aegean fore-arc at a pivotal position between the ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ ophiolites of the Mediterranean region and where conflicting Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous ages have led to diverging tectonic and palaeogeographic interpretations. To test these ages, we targeted the radiolarian cherts that depositionally overlie the ophiolite and extracted diagnostic radiolarian assemblages of Aptian (∼125−113 Ma), early–middle Albian (∼113−105 Ma) and Turonian (∼93.9−89.8 Ma) ages. These results suggest that previous Late Cretaceous K–Ar isotopic ages (from 95.3 ± 4.2 Ma to 81.2 ± 1.6 Ma) may have been reset by Late Cretaceous metamorphism or affected by argon loss. Overall, the new Early Cretaceous ages show that the Karpathos ophiolite should not be correlated with the Pindos Nappes of Greece or the ophiolites of Cyprus or Syria but rather with the Lycian Nappes of Turkey and their root located in the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan Suture Zone. Therefore, the Karpathos ophiolite represents a remnant of the Northern Neotethys, not the Pindos Ocean or the proto-Eastern Mediterranean Basin.

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Civitarese, G., M. Gačić, M. Lipizer, and G. L. E. Borzelli. "On the impact of the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) on the biogeochemistry and biology of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (Eastern Mediterranean)." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 5 (September 14, 2010): 6971–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-6971-2010.

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Abstract. Analysis of 20-year time-series of the vertically averaged salinity and nutrient data in the South Adriatic shows that the two parameters are subject to strong decadal variability. In addition, nutrient and salinity variations are out of phase. Nutrients in the Ionian and in the Adriatic vary in parallel except that often the nutrient content in the Adriatic is lower than in the Ionian, a fact that has been attributed to primary producer consumption following the winter convective mixing. Horizontal distribution of the nitracline depth in the Ionian suggests that nutrient content in the Adriatic is a function of the circulation pattern in the Ionian that wells up or wells down the nitracline: cyclonic circulation causes a downwelling of the nitracline along the borders of the Northern Ionian Gyre (NIG) and a decrease in the nutrient content of the water flowing into the Adriatic across the Otranto Strait, and vice versa. The circulation variations are due to the Bimodal Oscillating System, i.e. the feedback mechanism between the Adriatic and Ionian. Inversion of the sense of the NIG results in the advection of Modified Atlantic Water or of the Levantine/Eastern Mediterranean (EMed) waters in the Adriatic. Here, we show that the presence of allochtonous organisms from Atlantic/Western Mediterranean (WMed) and EMed/temperate zone in the Adriatic are concomitant with the anticyclonic and cyclonic circulations, respectively, of the NIG. As a consequence of the NIG inversions, in the Ionian, this highly oligotrophic zone shows annual blooms in its central area only during cyclonic circulation. On the basis of the results presented, a revision of the theory of Adriatic ingressions formulated in the early 1950s is proposed.

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Saba, V. S., M. A. M. Friedrichs, D. Antoine, R. A. Armstrong, I. Asanuma, M. J. Behrenfeld, A. M. Ciotti, et al. "An evaluation of ocean color model estimates of marine primary productivity in coastal and pelagic regions across the globe." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 5 (September 6, 2010): 6749–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-6749-2010.

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Abstract. Nearly half of the earth's photosynthetically fixed carbon derives from the oceans. To determine global and region specific rates, we rely on models that estimate marine net primary productivity (NPP) thus it is essential that these models are evaluated to determine their accuracy. Here we assessed the skill of 21 ocean color models by comparing their estimates of depth-integrated NPP to 1156 in situ 14C measurements encompassing ten marine regions including the Sargasso Sea, pelagic North Atlantic, coastal Northeast Atlantic, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Sea, subtropical North Pacific, Ross Sea, West Antarctic Peninsula, and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone. Average model skill, as determined by root-mean square difference calculations, was lowest in the Black and Mediterranean Seas, highest in the pelagic North Atlantic and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone, and intermediate in the other six regions. The maximum fraction of model skill that may be attributable to uncertainties in both the input variables and in situ NPP measurements, was nearly 72%. Contrary to prior studies, ocean color models were not highly challenged in extreme conditions of surface chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, nor in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll waters. On average, the simplest depth/wavelength integrated models performed no worse than the more complex depth/wavelength resolved models. Water column depth (distance to coastlines) was the primary influence on ocean color model performance such that average skill was significantly higher at depths greater than 250 m, suggesting that ocean color models are more challenged in Case-2 waters (coastal) than in Case-1 (pelagic) waters. Given that in situ chlorophyll-a data was used as input data, algorithm improvement is required to eliminate the poor performance of ocean color models in Case-2 waters that are close to coastlines. Finally, ocean color chlorophyll-a algorithms are challenged by optically complex Case-2 waters, thus using satellite-derived chlorophyll-a to estimate NPP in coastal areas would likely further reduce the skill of ocean color models.

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Saba, V. S., M. A. M. Friedrichs, D. Antoine, R. A. Armstrong, I. Asanuma, M. J. Behrenfeld, A. M. Ciotti, et al. "An evaluation of ocean color model estimates of marine primary productivity in coastal and pelagic regions across the globe." Biogeosciences 8, no. 2 (February 22, 2011): 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-489-2011.

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Abstract. Nearly half of the earth's photosynthetically fixed carbon derives from the oceans. To determine global and region specific rates, we rely on models that estimate marine net primary productivity (NPP) thus it is essential that these models are evaluated to determine their accuracy. Here we assessed the skill of 21 ocean color models by comparing their estimates of depth-integrated NPP to 1156 in situ 14C measurements encompassing ten marine regions including the Sargasso Sea, pelagic North Atlantic, coastal Northeast Atlantic, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Sea, subtropical North Pacific, Ross Sea, West Antarctic Peninsula, and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone. Average model skill, as determined by root-mean square difference calculations, was lowest in the Black and Mediterranean Seas, highest in the pelagic North Atlantic and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone, and intermediate in the other six regions. The maximum fraction of model skill that may be attributable to uncertainties in both the input variables and in situ NPP measurements was nearly 72%. On average, the simplest depth/wavelength integrated models performed no worse than the more complex depth/wavelength resolved models. Ocean color models were not highly challenged in extreme conditions of surface chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, nor in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll waters. Water column depth was the primary influence on ocean color model performance such that average skill was significantly higher at depths greater than 250 m, suggesting that ocean color models are more challenged in Case-2 waters (coastal) than in Case-1 (pelagic) waters. Given that in situ chlorophyll-a data was used as input data, algorithm improvement is required to eliminate the poor performance of ocean color NPP models in Case-2 waters that are close to coastlines. Finally, ocean color chlorophyll-a algorithms are challenged by optically complex Case-2 waters, thus using satellite-derived chlorophyll-a to estimate NPP in coastal areas would likely further reduce the skill of ocean color models.

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30

Tanaka, Yoshifumi. "Reflections on High Seas Marine Protected Areas: A Comparative Analysis of the Mediterranean and the North-East Atlantic Models." Nordic Journal of International Law 81, no. 3 (2012): 295–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08103004.

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In 2010, the Contracting-Parties to the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention) created six marine protected areas (MPAs) on the high seas beyond 200 nautical miles with a view to protecting marine biological diversity. This is a significant step toward conservation of biological diversity on the high seas. The creation of high seas MPAs seems to provide a useful insight into the protection of community interests in marine spaces beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. At the same time, however, the creation of MPAs on the high seas raises some legal issues with regard to, inter alia, its legal ground, opposability to non-Contracting Parties, legitimacy, and practical implementation. Thus, this contribution seeks to examine legal issues regarding two types of MPAs on the high seas, namely: MPAs on the high seas which fall within potential exclusive economic zone of coastal States (the Mediterranean model) and MPAs on the high seas beyond 200 nautical miles (the North-East Atlantic model), respectively.

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31

Ralston, Ian. "Central Gaul at the Roman Conquest: conceptions and misconceptions." Antiquity 62, no. 237 (December 1988): 786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00075232.

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Several recent reconstructions of the social and economic development of non-Mediterranean Gaul afterc. 200 BC have argued for the development of complex societies, characterized by the appearance of centralized political entities with urban – or at least urbanizing – communities. The emergence of such ‘Archaic States’ is often considered as having been restricted to a broad zone running eastward from the Atlantic façade through the northern Massif Central to the Swiss plateau. Five certain such states are usually claimed: Bituriges cubi, Aedui, Arverni, Sequani, Helvetii; and three probable: Pictones, Lemovices and Lingones. The constitutents of this zone were originally recognized by Dr Daphne Nash (1976; 1978a; 1978b; 1981), and her view has since been adopted in Britain by Champion and his collaborators (1984), Bintliff (1984) and, most recently, Cunliffe (1988: figure 38). Essential to the formulation of this hypothesis was a wide-ranging consideration of three domains of protohistoric evidence on Gaul: literary, most conspicuously Julius Caesar’s deBello Gallico; numismatics; and the settlement record of the late La Tène and its more shadowy antecedents. Among more recent commentators, a primary interest in the ‘core–periphery’ relationship (Cunliffe 1988; Rowlands et al. 1987) which existed between the Mediterranean world and Central Gaul is manifest. In a minimal view, this interaction may be envisaged in terms of the consequences of long-distance trade and subsequent military conquest spurring socio-political change. The unspoken by-product of this perspective is that differential development within non-Mediterranean Gaul is simplistically presented in terms of distance-decay from the Mediterranean littoral, with little attention being paid to the effects of physiographic diversity across this landmass.

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Civitarese, G., M. Gačić, M. Lipizer, and G. L. Eusebi Borzelli. "On the impact of the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) on the biogeochemistry and biology of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (Eastern Mediterranean)." Biogeosciences 7, no. 12 (December 15, 2010): 3987–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3987-2010.

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Abstract. Analysis of 20-year time-series of the vertically averaged salinity and nutrient data in the Southern Adriatic shows that the two parameters are subject to strong decadal variability. In addition, it is documented that nutrient and salinity variations are out of phase. Nutrients in the Ionian and in the Adriatic vary in parallel except that generally the nutrient content in the Adriatic is lower than in the Ionian, a fact that has been attributed to primary producer consumption following the winter convective mixing. As shown earlier, North Ionian Gyre (NIG) changes its circulation sense on a decadal scale due to the Bimodal Oscillating System, i.e. the feedback mechanism between the Adriatic and Ionian. Cyclonic circulation causes a downwelling of the nitracline along the borders of the NIG and a decrease in the nutrient content of the water flowing into the Adriatic across the Otranto Strait, and vice versa. In addition, the highly oligotrophic central area of the Ionian shows annual blooms only during cyclonic NIG circulation. Inversion of the sense of the NIG results in the advection of Modified Atlantic Water or of the Levantine/Eastern Mediterranean waters in the Adriatic. Here, we show that the presence of allochtonous organisms from Atlantic/Western Mediterranean and Eastern Mediterranean/temperate zone in the Adriatic are concurrent with the anticyclonic and cyclonic circulations of the NIG, respectively. On the basis of the results presented, a revision of the theory of Adriatic ingressions formulated in the early 1950s is proposed.

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Ramis, C., V. Homar, A. Amengual, R. Romero, and S. Alonso. "Daily precipitation records over mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 10 (October 9, 2013): 2483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2483-2013.

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Abstract. Understanding the spatial distribution of extreme precipitations is of major interest in order to improve our knowledge of the climate of a region and its relationship with society. These analyses inevitably require the use of directly observed values to account for the actual extreme amounts rather than analyzed gridded values. A study of daily rainfall extremes observed over mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands is performed by using records from 8135 rain gauge stations from the Spanish Weather Agency (AEMET). Results show that the heaviest daily precipitations have been observed mainly on the coastal Mediterranean zone from Gibraltar to the Pyrenees. In particular, a record value of 817 mm was recorded in the Valencia region in 1987. The current map of daily records in Spain, which updates the pioneering work of the Spanish meteorologist Font, shows similar distribution of extreme events but with notably higher amounts. Generalized extreme values distributions fit the Mediterranean and Atlantic rain gauge measurements and shows the different characteristics of the extreme daily precipitations in both regions. We identify the most extreme events (above 500 mm per day) and provide a brief description of a typical meteorological situation in which these damaging events occur. An analysis of the low-level circulation patterns producing such extremes – by means of simple indices such as NAO, WeMOi and IBEI – confirms the relevance of local flows in the generation of either Mediterranean or Atlantic episodes. WeMOi, and even more IBEI, are good discriminants of the region affected by the record precipitation event.

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Mjelde, Rolf, Trond Kvarven, Jan Inge Faleide, and Hans Thybo. "Lower crustal high-velocity bodies along North Atlantic passive margins, and their link to Caledonian suture zone eclogites and Early Cenozoic magmatism." Tectonophysics 670 (February 2016): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.11.021.

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35

Valsecchi, V., M. F. Sanchez Goñi, and L. Londeix. "Vegetation dynamics in the Northeastern Mediterranean region during the past 23 000 yr: insights from a new pollen record from the Sea of Marmara." Climate of the Past 8, no. 6 (December 6, 2012): 1941–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1941-2012.

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Abstract. High-resolution pollen analysis of core MD01-2430 from the Sea of Marmara (40°47.81' N, 27°43.51' E) allows us to reconstruct the vegetation response to climatic changes during the past 23 cal ka in the Northeastern Mediterranean. Variation in mesic/temperate forest cover indicates major climatic shifts connected to Heinrich Stadial 1, Bölling-Allerød, Younger Dryas and to the onset of the Holocene. Pollen–anthropogenic indicator approach was used to recognize human-induced landscape changes in the Sea of Marmara. The pollen-inferred onset of the Holocene occurs at ca. 11.5 cal ka, indicating that the Northeastern Mediterranean region represents a transitional zone where higher moisture availability supported an earlier forest expansion than the borderlands of the Aegean Sea and Black Sea. Two major forest retreats occurred during the Holocene at ca. 5.5 and 2.1 cal ka. The Holocene forest setbacks are in phase with previously published alkenone-inferred sea-surface temperature decreases in the Sea of Marmara reconstructed from the same core. Our new pollen record testifies the sensitivity of Mediterranean forests to changes in moisture availability, which is driven by changes in high-latitude atmospheric processes (North Atlantic Oscillations and/or Siberian High).

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Diatta, Samo, Cheikh Waly Diedhiou, Didier Maria Dione, and Soussou Sambou. "Spatial Variation and Trend of Extreme Precipitation in West Africa and Teleconnections with Remote Indices." Atmosphere 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090999.

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Extreme precipitation is a great concern for West Africa country, as it has serious consequence on key socio-economic activities. We use high resolution data from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation Stations (CHIRPS) to determine the spatial variability, trend of 8 extreme precipitation indices in West Africa and their relationship to remote indices. Spatial variability of extreme is characterized by maximum precipitation over the orographic regions, and in southern Sahel. The trend analysis shows a decrease of dry condition in Sahel and Sahara, and an increase tendency of wet indices over western Sahel and southern Sahel. The correlation analysis reveals that extreme precipitation in Sahel is strongly teleconnected to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS), whereas western and western-north Sahel is associated with both Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), Maiden Julian Oscillation phase 8 (MJO8), El Niño 3.4 index (NINO.3.4), and Trans-Atlantic-Pacific Ocean Dipole Index (TAPODI) but with different characteristics or directions. Guinean coast extreme precipitation is highly associated with Atlantic zone 3 SST anomaly (ATL3), Northern Cold Tongue Index (NCTI), TAPODI but also with an opposite sign with NINO.3.4 and in somewhat with the MJO8.

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Baldé, Bocar Sabaly, Patrice Brehmer, Saliou Faye, and Penda Diop. "Population Structure, Age and Growth of Sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Walbaum, 1792) in an Upwelling Environment." Fishes 7, no. 4 (July 21, 2022): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7040178.

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Information on the biological parameters of exploited fish stocks facilitates the objective assessment and management of these living resources. The sardine (Sardina pilchardus) is considered as overexploited in northwest Africa. It is a key species of the Canaries current large marine ecosystem (CCLME) of the Atlantic Ocean due to its socioeconomic importance, as well as being a key intermediary species in marine food web. A massive decline in caught fish for Senegal over half a century is also reported (61,648 t in 1994 to 7486 t in 2017). Here, we analyzed the age and growth parameters of sardines in the Exclusive Economic Zone of northern Senegal. Maximum body size was 31 cm total length (TL). A growth performance index (φ′) and a growth rate coefficient (K) of 2.65 and 0.85, respectively, were determined, with this being the first record for this country. Sardines had higher asymptotic length (L∞, 30.5 cm TL) and age (6 years) in northern Senegal compared with Morocco (Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea. The asymptotic length found in Northern Senegal was also higher than in other part of the CCLME and Mediterranean Sea. This difference might be attributed to differences in the pelagic habitat, environmental factors, and/or fishing pressure. This study provides new insights towards establishing management measures, especially in data-poor fisheries and should act as an advocacy to increase sub-regional collaborations.

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Sissingh, W. "Kinematic sequence stratigraphy of the European Cenozoic Rift System and Alpine Foreland Basin: correlation with Mediterranean and Atlantic plate-boundary events." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 85, no. 2 (June 2006): 77–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600077921.

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AbstractA review of the sequence stratigraphic development of the Tertiary basins of the North and West Alpine Foreland domains shows that their structural and depositional history was episodically affected by brief tectonic phases. These were associated with intermittent deformation events induced by the collisional convergence and compressional coupling of the Apulian and Iberian microplates with the European Plate. The plate kinematics-related episodicity was essentially isochronously recorded in the basin fills of the Alpine Foreland region. These are generally correlative with changes in eustatic sea level. The ensuing correlative successions of so-called Cenozoic Rift and Foredeep (CRF) sequences and phases can be traced throughout the European Cenozoic Rift System and Alpine Foreland Basin. Their temporal correlation indicates that, apparently, the changes in the plate collision-related stress regime of the Alpine Foreland were repeatedly accompanied by coeval changes in eustatic sea level. To test and substantiate the validity of this inferred causal relationship between intraplate deposition, plate kinematics and eustacy, the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basins of the Mediterranean plate-boundary zone has been analysed in conjunction with a review of the plate-boundary events in the North Atlantic. Within the uncertainty range of available datings, synchroneity could thus be demonstrated for the punctuated tectonostratigraphic development of basins of the western Mediterranean (comprising the Liguro-Provençal Basin, Valencia Trough, Sardinia Rift and Tyrrhenian Basin), the Apenninic-Calabrian Arc, the Betic domain (including the Alboran Basin) and the North and West Alpine Foreland regions. Similar temporal correlations of plate tectonicsrelated events near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the North Atlantic and tectonostratigraphic sequences and phases of the Alpino-Pyrenean Foreland basins are further evidence of a common causal mechanism. The driving mechanisms appear to have been the northward drift of Africa and the resulting mechanical coupling of Apulia and Iberia with the southern passive margin of Europe, as well as the stepwise opening of the North Atlantic and accompanying episodic plate re-organisations of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

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Lowe, C. D., L. E. Martin, D. J. S. Montagnes, and P. C. Watts. "A legacy of contrasting spatial genetic structure on either side of the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition zone in a marine protist." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 51 (December 3, 2012): 20998–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214398110.

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Polónia, Amélia, Ana Sofia Ribeiro, and Daniel Lange. "Connected oceans: New pathways in maritime history." International Journal of Maritime History 29, no. 1 (February 2017): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871416679108.

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The Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea are no longer studied as distinct oceanic regions but interrogated as variegated worlds, interconnected in multiple ways. This Forum explores the various ways in which maritime history has been dealing with this trend. It shows how the notion of oceans as interactive spaces requires maritime historians to look beyond the shoreline by placing the interconnectedness of sea and land at the centre of their analysis. Focusing on littorals and port cities, the five papers in this Forum investigate the sea as zone of cultural encounter and vehicle of social and economic exchanges, and thereby illustrate how oceans connected people and ideas across the globe.

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Siamak, Mansouri Far. "Geothermal field of the transition area between the Anatolian Plate and the East European Platform." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2019-2-133-148.

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Heat flow data from the Eastern Mediterranean region indicates an extensive province of low heat flow, spreading over the whole basin of the Mediterranean to the east of Crete (Levantine Sea), Cyprus, and Northern Egypt. Surface geology of East Anatolia is complex because of recent active tectonic and volcanic activity. The region is composed of major tectonic units of Pontides, the Anatolid-Tauride Belt and Bitlis Suture Zone, North and East Anatolian faults. Ophiolitic and young volcanic rocks can be observed in many parts of East Anatolia. The Black Sea is surrounded by the Alpine-Himalayan Orogenic Belt of Crimea, Greater Caucasus, Pontides, Rhodope-Stranja Massif, Eastern Srednegorie, North Dobrogea and older tectonic units of different origins and ages such as the Precambrian East European Craton, Moesian Platform, Istanbul Zone and Adzhar-Trialet Folded System. Low heat flow density dominates in the Black Sea. The lowest (less•30 mW/m2 ) values have been recorded in central parts of the Western and Eastern Black Sea basins with maximal sedimentary thickness. Geothermal studies within the territories of Ukraine have been under way since sixties. Many important features of the thermal field remain unstudied. This applies in particular to the Ukrainian Shield and to the southern part of the Carpathian region. In general, the territory of Alpine folding within Turkey, Marmara and Aegean seas, Caucasus is characterized by high heat flow. The anomaly of its highest values (above 100 –150 mW/m2 ) exists within western Turkey, where tectonic conditions of extension prevail and underground steam is used to produce electricity. Three heat flow density profiles crossing the studied region and heat flow map were compiled.

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Dauvin, Jean-Claude, and Denise Bellan-Santini. "Biodiversity and the biogeographic relationships of the Amphipoda: Gammaridea on the French coastline." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 3 (May 24, 2004): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404009658h.

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A recent inventory of the benthic Gammaridea: Amphipoda species on the French continental coastline catalogued 495 species. An analysis of the biodiversity and the biogeographic relationships that exist between the French Amphipoda: Gammaridea, living on the coastline that extends along 10° latitude range in the temperate region between 41° and 51° North and the other gammaridean faunas living in the north-eastern Atlantic has drawn the pattern of diversity in this marine invertebrate group on a large biogeographical scale. Gammaridean amphipods exhibit a latitudinal gradient over the total number of species, including the continental shelf species and the bathyal species. There are four main fauna groups, which correspond to the biogeographical zones of the north-eastern Atlantic: (1) a cold arctic and cool-temperate Svalbard and Norwegian coastal fauna; (2) a cool-temperate boreal and Boreal–Lusitanian United Kingdom, Irish and English Channel shallow fauna; (3) a warm-temperate Lusitanian Bay of Biscay and subtropical central Atlantic fauna; and (4) a subtropical Mediterranean fauna. The French fauna appears particularly rich, presenting 44% of the 1119 species recorded in the north-eastern Atlantic along the 50° latitude range (30°N–80°N). This is obviously due to France's intermediate latitudinal location within the Lusitanian temperate biogeographical zone, which produces a biogeographical cross between the boreal fauna in the north and the warm temperate and sub-tropical fauna in the south.

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Valsecchi, V., M. F. Sanchez Goñi, and L. Londeix. "Vegetation dynamics in the Northeastern Mediterranean region during the past 23 000 yr: insight from a new pollen record from the Sea of Marmara (core MD01-2430)." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 4 (August 29, 2012): 4183–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-4183-2012.

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Abstract. High-resolution pollen analysis of core MD01-2430 from the Sea of Marmara (40°47.81′ N, 27°43.51′ E) allows us to reconstruct the vegetation response to climatic changes during the past 23 cal ka in the Northeastern Mediterranean. Variation in mesic/temperate forest cover indicates major climatic shifts connected to Heinrich Stadial 1, Bölling-Allerød, Younger Dryas and to the onset of the Holocene. Pollen-anthropogenic indicator approach was used to recognize human-induced landscape changes in the Sea of Marmara. The pollen-inferred onset of the Holocene occurs at ca. 11.5 cal ka, indicating that the Northeastern Mediterranean region represents a transitional zone where higher moisture availability supported an earlier forest expansion than the borderlands of the Aegean Sea and Black Sea. Three major forest retreats occurred during the Holocene at ca. 9.2, 5.5, and 2.1 cal ka while a weaker forest setback was detected at 7.9 cal ka. The Holocene forest setbacks are in phase with previously published alkenone-inferred sea-surface temperature decreases in the Sea of Marmara (core MD01-2430) reconstructed from the same archive. Our new pollen record testifies the sensitivity of Mediterranean forests to changes in moisture availability which is driven by changes in high-latitude climate drivers (North Atlantic Oscillations and/or Siberian High).

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Iribarren, L., J. Vergés, F. Camurri, J. Fullea, and M. Fernàndez. "The structure of the Atlantic–Mediterranean transition zone from the Alboran Sea to the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain (Iberia–Africa plate boundary)." Marine Geology 243, no. 1-4 (September 2007): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2007.05.011.

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Fullea Urchulutegui, Javier, Manel Fernàndez, and Hermann Zeyen. "Lithospheric structure in the Atlantic–Mediterranean transition zone (southern Spain, northern Morocco): a simple approach from regional elevation and geoid data." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 338, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2005.11.004.

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Ruiz-Ortiz, Verónica, Santiago García-López, Abel Solera, and Javier Paredes. "Contribution of decision support systems to water management improvement in basins with high evaporation in Mediterranean climates." Hydrology Research 50, no. 4 (May 20, 2019): 1020–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.014.

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Abstract The entry into force of Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 October 2000 established a new model for the management and protection of surface water and groundwater in Europe. In this sense, a thorough knowledge of the basins is an essential step in achieving this European objective. The utility of integrative decision support systems (DSS) for decision-making in complex systems and multiple objectives allows decision-makers to identify characteristics and improve water management in a basin. In this research, hydrological and water management resource models have been combined, with the assistance of the DSS AQUATOOL, with the aim of deepening the consideration of losses by evaporation of reservoirs for a better design of the basin management rules. The case study treated is an Andalusian basin of the Atlantic zone (Spain). At the same time, different management strategies are analysed based on the optimization of the available resources by means of the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater.

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Rivera-González, Mª Carmen, and Pedro M. Sánchez-Castillo. "Diatomeas planctónicas del litoral de Andalucía (España). Planktonic diatoms from the coast of Andalusia (Spain)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 36 (December 1, 2011): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v36i1.2787.

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Español. Se estudian un total de 206 taxones identificados durante el estudio del ciclo anual realizado en las costas de Andalucía a lo largo del año 2000. Destacan, entre las diatomeas céntricas, la subclase Coscinodiscophycidae con 27 taxones y la subclase Chaetocerotophycidae con 28. Entre las pennadas destaca la clase Bacillariophyceae con 76 species. Los géneros que mostraron un mayor número de taxones fueron Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira y Rhizosolenia en el grupo de diatomeas céntricas, mientras que entre las pennadas destacaron los géneros Lyrella, Gyrosigma y Pseudonitzschia. Respecto a su distribución espacial, se han detectado 12 especies exclusivamente atlánticas, mientras que 69 fueron mediterráneas. El resto de taxones presentó una distribución más amplia tanto mediterránea como atlántica. En cuanto a la abundancia celular hemos considerado 119 taxones en la categoría de raros, 57 de habituales y 29 como taxones mayoritarios. Entre los últimos destacaron Hemiaulus sinensis y Eucampia cornuta con carácter marcadamente atlántico, y en la zona mediterránea Cerataulina pelagica y Proboscia alata f. inermes. Las especies más abundantes de todo el litoral andaluz fueron Leptocylindrus minimus, Leptocylindrus danicus, Pseudonitzschia fraudulenta, Skeletonema costatum, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Guinardia striata, Guinardia delicatula y Dactyliosolen phuketensis.English. In this paper we study 206 taxa found during the annual cycle conducted off the coast of Andalusia during 2000. The most representatives centric diatoms were the subclass Coscinodiscophycidae with 27 taxa and the subclass Chaetocerotophycidae with 28. Among the pennate diatom stand out Bacillariophyceae with 76 species. The Genera that showing the bigger number of taxa were Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira and Rhizosolenia in centric diatoms, whereas in pennate diatoms the Genera Lyrella, Gyrosigma and Pseudonitzschia were dominant. Regarding spatial distribution, 12 species were found exclusively Atlantic, while 69 were Mediterranean. The remaining taxa had a wider distribution both Mediterranean and Atlantic. In terms of cell abundance we considered 119 taxa in the category of rare, 57 taxa in the category of common and 29 as abundant taxa. In the Atlantic area Hemiaulus sinensis and Eucampia cornuta dominated whereas Cerataulina pelagica and Proboscia alata f. inermis characterized the Mediterranean zone. Leptocylindrus minimus, Leptocylindrus danicus, Pseudonitzschia fraudulenta, Skeletonema costatum, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Guinardia striata, Guinardia delicatula, and Dactyliosolen phuketensis were the most representative taxa in the whole Andalusian littoral.

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Badji, Aïssatou, Elsa Mohino, Moussa Diakhaté, Juliette Mignot, and Amadou Thierno Gaye. "Decadal Variability of Rainfall in Senegal: Beyond the Total Seasonal Amount." Journal of Climate 35, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 5339–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0699.1.

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Abstract Rainfall characteristics are crucial in monsoon regions, in particular for agriculture. Crop yields indeed depend on the rainfall seasonal amounts, but also on other rainfall characteristics such as the onset of the rainy season or the distribution of rainy days. In the Sahel region, while the average amount of seasonal rainfall has been shown to be marked by strong decadal variability, the modulation of rainfall characteristics has received less attention in the literature so far. In this study, we show that the frequency of light, heavy, and extreme rainfall events and the mean intensity of rainfall events in Senegal exhibit a marked decadal variability over the 1918–2000 period, strongly similar to that of the mean seasonal rainfall. The decadal modulations of these events show a strong and positive link with the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV). Indeed, positive sea surface temperature anomalies over the North Atlantic and Mediterranean related to a warm AMV phase are associated with negative sea level pressure anomalies over the northern Atlantic and a northward shift of the intertropical convergence zone. We also find that the onset and cessation dates as well as the length of the rainy season show relatively less decadal variability, which is more related to the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), a positive phase of the latter leading to a late onset, an early cessation, and an overall shorter rainy season in Senegal.

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Martín, José M., Juan C. Braga, Julio Aguirre, and Ángel Puga-Bernabéu. "History and evolution of the North-Betic Strait (Prebetic Zone, Betic Cordillera): A narrow, early Tortonian, tidal-dominated, Atlantic–Mediterranean marine passage." Sedimentary Geology 216, no. 3-4 (April 2009): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.01.005.

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Fullea, J., M. Fernàndez, and H. Zeyen. "FA2BOUG—A FORTRAN 90 code to compute Bouguer gravity anomalies from gridded free-air anomalies: Application to the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition zone." Computers & Geosciences 34, no. 12 (December 2008): 1665–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.018.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Atlantic - Mediterranean suture zone'

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