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Bhabuta, Madhu Darshan Kumar. "Quantitative analysis of ATM networks." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299444.
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Wambugu, Jacquelyne N. "Using GIS for optimal locations of automated teller machines (ATMs) : the case of Stellenbosch." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52599.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Automated teller machines (ATMs) are a very important part of our daily lives. They are the key to accessing our bank accounts. Where they are located can determine how easy or difficult it is to access our bank accounts. ATMs are primarily designed to serve customers and should therefore be accessible and convenient to the customers. Hence, the question of where the ATMs should be located is a prime issue to both the customer and the bank. A geographical information system (GIS) is a tool that can be used to assist in answering questions about locations. It provides a means of determining optimal locations for any spatially referenced object. Against this backdrop, this study was undertaken to develop a method with which GIS can be used to find optimal locations for ATMs, taking Stellenbosch as a case study. Firstly, it was necessary to understand current factors affecting ATM locations, both locally and internationally. An extensive literature survey was conducted to gain an understanding of problems relating to locating ATMs. Interviews with bank officials were conducted to help understand more fully the problems and the current procedures used in locating ATMs. Obtaining the public's perception of ATMs was also paramount to this study. A household questionnaire survey was conducted in Stellenbosch to ascertain how customers feel about the current location of ATMs in Stellenbosch. Secondly, GIS was considered and evaluated as a tool to find optimal locations for ATMs. This involved discussing the capabilities of GIS and the various options that banks may have available. Thirdly, the ability of using GIS to find optimal sites was tested by applying GIS to Stellenbosch. Having done this, GIS was then used to find additional ATM sites. The results provide a basis for banks to locate ATMs in general. Keywords: GIS, ATMs, location, optimal locations, location-allocation, models, MINDISTANCE, MAKCOVER, MAXATTEND, MINDISTPOWER.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Outomatiese tellermasjiene (OTMs) speel 'n baie belangrike rol in ons lewens vandag aangesien ons die meeste van ons banktransaksies deur middel van 'n OTM doen en ons bankrekeninge sodoende kontroleer. Die OTMs se primere doel is om 'n diens aan bank kliente te lewer, dus is dit uiters belangrik om liggings te identifiseer wat gerieflik en toeganklik is vir die kliënte en die bank. 'n Geografiese inligtingstelsel (GIS) kan gebruik word om vrae in verband met bestaande en beplande liggings vir OTMs te beantwoord. Die stelsel kan optimale liggings identifiseer vir spesefieke doeleindes, byvoorbeeld OTMs, ens. Teen hierdie agtergrond is hierdie studie onderneem om 'n metode te ontwikkel waarmee GIS aangewend kan word om optimale liggings vir OTMs te vind, met Stelle bosch as 'n gevallestudie. Ten eerste was dit nodig om die huidige faktore met betrekking tot die liggingskeuse vir OTMs, beide in die buiteind en die binneland, te ondersoek. "n Uitgebreide literatuursoektog is geloods om die probleme wat gepaard gaan met die bepaling van die keuse van "n OTM ligging, te bestudeer. Onderhoude is gevoer met amptenare van verskillende banke om die probleme rondom die kies van OTM-plasings te verstaan. Kliënte is ook genader vir hulle idees, benogdighede en probleme oor OTM-liggings in Stellenbosch. Tweedens is GIS geëvalueer as 'n moontlike stelselom die beste liggings vir OTM'e te bepaal. Dit het 'n bespreking van die vermoëns en voordele van GIS behels, sowel as 'n oorsig van beskikbare opsies vir die bank. Die vermoë om met die gebruik van GIS addisionele liggings vir OTMs in Stellenbosch te identifiseer, is daarna getoets. Die resultaat bied aan banke "n keuse van alternatiewe liggings vir die plasing van OTMs. Sluitelwoorde: GIS, ATMs, ligging, optimale ligging, ligging-toesegging, modelle, MINDISTANCE, MAXCOVER, MAXA1TEND, MINDISTPOWER
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Guner, Mine Sule. "The Diffusion Of Financial Innovation In Turkey: The Case Of Atm." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606262/index.pdf.
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This study investigates the indicators of the number of ATMs (automated teller machines) in the provinces of Turkey by examining two banks: T.C. Ziraat Bankasi and T. iS Bankasi. The study depends on annual panel data from 1990 to 2004 for seventy-three provinces of Turkey. The information about the number of ATMs of the two banks is gathered after a study in the archives of the banks. In this study it is concluded that the number of ATMs of T. iS Bankasi and T. C. Ziraat Bankasi in the previous year and the total number of branches of the banks in Turkey are the indicators of ATM adoption for both of the banks concerned. However, population has a negative sign for T. C. Ziraat Bankasi which is a state bank whereas it has a positive sign for T. iS Bankasi which is a quasi-private bank. The findings also indicate that the ATM number of T. iS Bankasi is more sensitive to the number of total bank branches.
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Gourlay, Adrian R. "The diffusion of process innovation in the UK financial sector : an empirical analysis of automated teller machine (ATM) diffusion." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7082.
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Recent policy initiatives have identified that the diffusion of innovation constitutes an important component in technical change and progress and is the impetus behind changes in firm productivity. To date, however, the main emphasis of economists has been on the diffusion of process innovations in the industrial sector with diffusion in the financial sector either ignored or, at best, summarised by a number of stylised facts relating to the spread of information. The objective of this thesis is to explore the inter-firm determinants of ATM adoption and diffusion in the UK financial sector and identify firm-specific and market factors in the diffusion process. The empirical analysis draws on duration analysis which represents the current state-of-art modelling approach to inter-firm diffusion. This approach conceptualises inter-firm diffusion as a cross-section of durations of nonadoption from which, most importantly, hypothesised factors (or `covariates') can be examined by their significance or otherwise on the conditional probability of adoption. The main findings of this thesis support the stylised fact often made in the diffusion literature that the inter-firm diffusion curve is sigmoid and characterised by a nonmonotonic hazard function. Furthermore the empirical analysis supports the hypothesis that firm-specific characteristics and expectations have played a crucial role in the interfirm diffusion of ATMs. In addition, the results indicate that the diffusion of ATMs in the UK has been characterised by the existence of positive network externalities. The results are also shown to be robust across a number of model specifications and assumptions concerning the time-path of covariates.
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Du, Toit Delyno Johannes. "ATM cash management for a South African retail bank." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17977.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cash can be seen as a fast moving consumer good. Approaching cash as inventory within the ATM cash management environment of a South African retail bank, provided the opportunity to apply well known industrial engineering techniques to the financial industry. This led to the application of forecasting, inventory management, operational research and simulation methods. A forecasting model is designed to address the multiple seasonalities and calendar day effects that is prevalent in the demand for cash. Special days, e.g. paydays, lead to an increase in demand for cash. The weekday on which the special day falls will also influence the demand. The multiplicative Holt-Winters method is combined with an improvised distribution method to determine the demand for cash for the region and per ATM. Reordering points are calculated and simulated to form an understanding of the effect this will have on the ATM network. Direct replenishment and the traveling salesman problem is applied and simulated to determine the difference in using one or the other. Various simulation models are build to test the operational and financial impact when certain variables are amended. It is evident that more work is required to determine the optimal combination of variable values, i.e. forecasting frequency, aggregate forecasting or individual forecasting, reorder levels, loading levels, lead times, cash swap or cash add, and the type of transportation method. Each one of these are a science in itself and cannot be seen (calculated) in isolation from the other as a change in one can affect the overall operational efficiency and costs of the ATM network. The thesis proves that significant cost savings is possible, compared to the current set-up, when applying industrial engineering techniques to a geographical ATM network within South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kontant kan gesien word as vinnig bewegende verbruikersgoedere. Deur kontant te benader as voorraad binne die ATM kontant bestuur omgewing van ’n Suid Afrikaanse kleinhandelsbank, het dit die geleentheid geskep om bekende bedryfsingenieurstegnieke toe te pas in die finansiële industrie. Dit het gelei tot die toepassing van vooruitskatting, voorraadbestuur, operasionele navorsing en simulasie metodes. ’n Vooruitskattingsmodel is ontwerp om die verskeie seisoenaliteite en kalenderdae effekte wat deel uitmaak van die vraag na kontant aan te spreek. Spesiale dae, bv. betaaldae, lei tot ’n toename in die vraag na kontant. Die weeksdag waarop die spesiale dag voorkom sal ook ’n invloed hê op die vraag. Die multiplikatiewe Holt-Winters metode is gekombineer met ’n geïmproviseerde verspreidingsmetode om die vraag na kontant vir die streek en per ATM the bepaal. Bestellingsvlakke is bereken en gesimuleer om ’n prentjie te skep van die invloed wat dit op die ATM netwerk sal hê. Direkte hervulling en die handelsreisigerprobleem is toegepas en gesimuleer om die verskille te bepaal tussen die gebruik van of die een of die ander. Veskeie simulasie modelle is gebou om die operasionele en finansiële impak te toets, wanneer sekere veranderlikes aangepas word. Dit is duidelik dat meer werk nodig is om die optimale kombinasie van veranderlike waardes te bepaal, bv. vooruitskatting frekwensie, totale vooruiskatting of individuele vooruitskatting, bestellingsvlakke, leitye, kontant omruiling of kontant byvoeging, en die tipe vervoermetode. Elkeen van hierdie is ’n wetenskap op sy eie en kan nie in isolasie gesien en bereken word nie, want ’n verandering van een se waarde kan die hele operasionele doeltreffendheid en kostes van die ATM netwerk beïnvloed.
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Osambo, Okoko. "An exploratory investigation into the feasibility of turning the student identification card into a debit card: The case for the University of the Western Cape." University of Western Cape, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7756.
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Magister Commercii - MComThis study investigates the financial, marketing as well as technological feasibility of turning the current University of Western Cape (UWC) Student ID Card into a more featured debit card called the "Hoop Kaarf'. This debit card will offer the functionality of access to secure UWC areas, the purchase and use of photocopying credits, the purchase of printing credits, taking out library books; and identification, as the old student card does. It will also have the added functionality of replacing cash when paying for vending machines, cafés, takeaways, shops, supermarkets and withdrawing money from ATMs, at UWC, within South Africa and outside the country.
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Onyiagha, Chyke Godfrey. "Intelligent neural network access control of ATM network." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271321.
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Levinsky, Ross Bennett. "Design, analysis, and control of a bill deskewing device for automated teller machines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28008.
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Manzke, Jens Michael. "Public Terminals für Blinde und Sehbehinderte : eine Gestaltungsstudie am Beispiel von Automated Teller Machines /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13191.
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Hopkins, Deborah Ann. "Factors affecting adoption of automated teller machines, direct deposit of paychecks and partial direct deposit to savings where available." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1214411921.
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Aboualy, Tamer. "Design, Development, and Implementation of a Public Key Crytosystem for Automated Teller Machines: The Toronto Dominion Bank Case Study." NSUWorks, 2006. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/376.
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The current method of distributing Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Data Encryption Standard (DES) keys involves manual distribution of the same DES key in component form to all A TMs in a banks network. The components are entered into the ATM keyboard and combined to form the ATM Terminal Master Key (TMK) used for all ATM transactions. Public key cryptosystems can be used to distribute and manage A TM TMKs.
However, existing cryptosystem implementations have numerous problems. Moreover, little research has targeted cryptosystem implementations that use tamper-resistant security modules (TRSMs). Almost all security attacks of cryptosystems utilizing security processors and cryptography are the result of weak implementation and deployment.
This case study describes how a public key cryptosystem for distribution and management of A TM Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) TMKs may be successfully implemented. This case study was developed to offer a repeatable approach, design, and implementation for a public key cryptosystem for A TM 3DES TMK distribution and management. The study's design was based on a single case, using multiple sources of evidence and propositions. Using Toronto Dominion (TD) Bank as the unit of analysis, the study focuses on four main propositions relating to (a) system development processes (SDPs), (b) electronic data assurances, (c) key and certificate life cycle management, and (d) ATM key hierarchies.
Results of the study show that SDPs provided a general framework for system development and were not tailored to specific needs of an A TM cryptosystem. Evidence shows that the ATM public key cryptosystem met all CAIN digital assurance and ATM key hierarchy requirements but did not meet all key and certificate life cycle requirements.
The author recommends a modified SDP framework for A TM public key cryptosystems called cryptosystem SDPs. These consist of SDPs, an integration of A TM cryptosystem requirements, and software security best practices. This framework utilizes existing SDPs but adds four new phases to take into account ATM public key cryptosystem requirements.
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Cheng, Ching-ho Raymond, and 鄭澄河. "A case study of the development of automated teller machines in Hong Kong and its effects on the retail banking habits of Hong Kong people." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263148.
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Smolk, Jasen J. "The Design and Development of Low Profile Leaf Springs Through the Utilization of Geometry and Material Changes for Paper Handling Applications of Automated Teller Machines." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1216780013.
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Wang, Yu-Fang, and 王愉芳. "The influencing factors of willingness to use ATM(Automated Teller Machine) Interbank deposits." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34428849728703884328.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
人文及管理學院高階經營管理碩士在職專班
105
In order to deal with the arrival of the digitalization era, Financial Supervisory Commission, R.O.C(Taiwan) announced in January of 2015 to push 「Establish Digitalizing Monetary Environment 3.0」program. In the meeting between Financial Supervisory Commission and the foreign banks officials in October of 2015, foreign banks officials predicted that by 2020, bank branch numbers will drop by 50%, and the volume of the traditional banking service and the deposit and remittance transactions as handled by the bank branch staffs will shrink to only 4%, because ATM(Automated Teller Machine) will function for accounts opening and card issuance, thus largely taking over the manual operation. ATM has been in service in Taiwan for nearly 40 years. ATM interbank cash withdrawal transaction also had been in service in Taiwan for nearly 30 years. Yet, ATM interbank cash deposit function had never been implemented until April of 2015 when the first bank in Taiwan introduced ATM interbank cash deposit service. Faced with the development of digitalizing monetary, the development of self-service technology and monetary service innovation and the influencing factors of willingness to use ATM interbank deposits are the motive of this study. By using questionnaire survey method in this study, I select Technology Acceptance Model as the research axis, plus such as Self-service Technology, Technology Readiness, Diffusion of Innovations and Theory of Planned Behavior, all in order to explore the acceptance willingness in the use of the ATM interbank deposits. The study results suggest that those which have influences on Attitude of Using ATM Interbank Deposits, include Improving Efficiency, Relative Advantage, Compatibility, Complexity, Observability, Self-control, Trialability, Transaction Security, Self-image, Optimism and Innovativeness; the only one which has no influence is Extraversion. As to the influences on The Intention of Using ATM Interbank Deposits, they are the Attitude of Using ATM Interbank Deposits, Subjective Norms and Out-side Perceived Behavioral Control. In conclusion, the followings are recommended: In order to increase Improving Efficiency and Relative Advantage, the financial institutions increase network bandwidth and set up more ATMs; In order to decrease Complexity, the financial institutions develop more friendly operation interface; in order to increase Trialability, the financial institutions waive or reduce fees for trial usage, hoping to increase the customers' satisfaction and reliance; in order to increase Transaction Security, the financial institutions add service of instant messaging notification; in order to promote Self-image, the financial institutions buy ads on the medias; for Extraversion and Out-side Perceived Behavioral Control, the financial institutions evaluate the necessary number of tellers and ATMs to reach a balance from the point of cost. In all, how the locations selection for ATMs installation, and how the decision on numbers of tellers, can create most benefit to both the customers and the financial institutions, thus obtaining a win-win situation, are the direction of our consideration and planning.
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Chien, Ching-Fen, and 簡靖芬. "The Study on Influence Factors of the Automatic Teller Machines (ATM)'s User Behaviors and Revenue." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34159660143461343323.
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碩士輔仁大學
統計資訊學系應用統計碩士在職專班
103
Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) service diversity is an important tool for banks to reduce costs and expand points of access. In order to reduce labor costs, customers are encouraged by banks to use ATMs instead of counter service for banking transactions. According to the latest statistics from the Banking Bureau of the Financial Supervisory Commission, Ministry of Finance, ATM transaction volumes have increased steadily year by year. This study aims to provide an analysis of ATM characteristics in relation to the different times and cities that transactions take place, as well as to understand various factors impacting the ATM proceeds. By identifying the best driving factors of ATM proceeds, this study hence enables banks to make decisions on ATM deployment strategies. This study used the ATM transaction data of a bank to analyze daily transactional information of each ATM over a 6-month period in 2014. Through the methods of “Analysis of Variance”, the “Classification and Regression Tree” and others, differences in various factors have been verified and impacts on the types of ATM transactions by time, channel, city and model have been analyzed. In this study, key factors affecting transactional frequency and amount have been discussed and hypotheses have been examined via analysis of multiple factors. As the result of study shows, transaction behaviors vary between weekdays and weekends/holidays in branches, company plants and convenience stores where ATMs are installed. Regarding the types of transactions, service charge can affect users in the selection of an ATM site. When geography (city) is considered, it is recommended for banks to install ATMs in 6 metropolitan cities, Hsinchu City and Keelung as the first priority than any other cities in Taiwan.
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Sewpersad, Sarika. "An investigation of the bombing of automated teller machines (ATMs) with intent to steal cash content : case study from Gauteng." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4112.
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An investigation of the bombing of automated teller machines (ATMs) with intent to steal cash contentof ATMs. This is inclusive of the impact on society (banks clients) and banking institutions as well as the danger it poses to the general public and public and private law enforcement personnel.(M.Tech. (Security Management))
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ZHANG, Zhong-Tian, and 張中天. "Consumer’s utility of Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)in the convenience stores in Kaohsiung and the effects of receipt-coupons." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85209392347042829538.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
商務經營研究所
98
ATMs are offering more and more services, especially when the ATMs in convenience stores are combined with diverse industries. This combination not only offers the consumers more choices of bargains but also the opportunities for lottery winning. ATM has transformed into a machine with purchase function. The research is based on “consumer’s utility” to study the consumer’s cognition of ATM services in convenience stores. What’s more, the research also aims to study whether the consumer’s utility behavior will change because of the benefits offered by ATMs. Past studies focused on the ATMs lack the various functions that modern ones have, so the research purposely discuss whether the benefits offered by ATMs will affect the utility preference, as a reference for financial business. The participants of the study were the consumers who actually used the ATMs in the convenience store in Kaohsiung city. 600 questionnaires were placed in several convenience stores, 544 were collected, 470 were valid, and the response rate was 86.93%. The study adopts descriptive statistical analysis, factorial analysis, reliability analysis, ANOVA, independent measures t test, and multiple regression analysis. The findings are: 1. Different consumer statistics has significant difference between the cognition of consumer’s utility of ATM of convenience stores. 2. Different consumer statistics has significant difference between the preferential policies offered by financial business. 3. Consumer’s utility behavior is relevant to the preferential policies offered by financial business. 4. Consumer’s cognition of ATM utility is relevant to it utility preference. 5. The preferential policy offered by ATM is relevant to the consumer’s utility preference.
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Gangadhar, Nandyala Dhani. "Analysis Of Discrete-Time Queues With Applications To ATM Based B-ISDNs." Thesis, 1995. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1644.
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AO, Chun-Ju, and 敖俊儒. "The Rough Set Theory Based derivations of Association Rules for Automated Teller Machines Location Selections." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89teve.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
工業教育學系
105
In Bank3.0 era, banking has transformed into a ubiquitous service in terms of a place, banking transformation has become an inevitable trend, increasing of worldwide banks has been reducing the number or shrinking the size of branches. The digital services are replacing manual work. The branches are replaced by Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). The location of ATMs is an important role in the Bank 3.0 era. Although the location of ATMs is extremely important, however, only a handful of scholars and experts analyzed the location of the ATMs and how the location affects the bank's profitability. Therefore, this study adopts Central Place Theory and Principle of Minimum Differentiation to set rules on selecting ATM locations. This study will first review literatures, summed up the criteria for ATM location, and into a regional ATM bank's geographic information and frequency of use. By applying Rough Set Theory to deduce the decision rule for reduction sets and core attributes. The association between neighborhood and ATM locations can be formulated. This study will be major domestic banks, the actual ATM location, data mining research was carried out by the frequency of usage, with an e-map to identify neighborhood of each ATM. As for the empirical research, selection rules of ATM locations can be analyzed and deduced to serve as a reference for decision makers during location assessment for new or removal of inefficient ATMs.
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Thobane, Mahlogonolo Stephina. "The criminal career of armed robbers with specific reference to cash-in-transit robberies." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18353.
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Criminal career research postulates that offending behaviour develops over time during the course of one’s life. Thus, delinquency is not an isolated incident which occurs at a certain moment in time. This research comprises a mixed-method study of the criminal career of 40 offenders who perpetrated robberies against the banking and CIT industries. Through this research, an exploration is made for possibilities of using criminal career research to develop results which will guide crime prevention policies.
The qualitative methodology used for this research included semi-structured interviews in order to collect information on motivations of armed robbers and the various mechanics (i.e. planning, recruitment, group dynamics) of the crime of armed robbery. Through the use of structured questionnaires, biographical data, information on risk factors and figures on the different aspects of a criminal career, such as age of offending onset, offending frequency and seriousness, and career length, were all gathered.
The general findings of this research demonstrate that offending onset occurs between the ages of 11 and 15 with petty crimes, and then escalates to serious crimes. Secondly, witnessed throughout the dissertation is the fact that development of delinquent behaviour is not a result of a single risk factor but an outcome of multiple risk factors. Subsequently, a suggestion is made for the introduction of multifaceted deterrence programmes, which will holistically deal with the various offending risk factors (i.e. family, community and the offender’s personal risk factors as well as peer and school dynamics). Thirdly, armed robbers are responsible for various other crimes in the process of committing the offence of robbery. Accordingly, this study confirms the criminal career notion that a small number of chronic offenders are responsible for a large number of offences. That is why it is recommended that policy makers pay attention to disrupting the criminal career of this small number of high risk offenders.Department of Criminology and Security Science
M.A. (Criminology)