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Journal articles on the topic 'Atmosphere response'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zakharov, Viktor, Maria Solovieva, Sergey Shalimov, Mirseid Akperov, Galiya Korkina, and Nadezhda Bulatova. "Upper atmosphere response to extratropical cyclones." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 11, no. 1 (2025): 70–80. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-111202509.

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We have examined the response of the lower and upper ionosphere to the passage of extratropical cyclones in 2014–2023, using measurements made at regional ultra-long-wave radio stations and satellites of the Swarm mission in the Far Eastern region of Russia. For twelve cyclones, we have found that disturbances in the lower ionosphere, observed in VLF signal amplitude and phase variations, as well as their associated electron density variations in the upper ionosphere during the active stage of the cyclones, correspond to the passage of atmospheric internal gravity waves and their dissipation,

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Zhao-Jun, Ban, Zhang Jing-Lin, Wang Yong-Jiang, et al. "Nutritional Quality of Red Dates (Zizyphus Jujube Mill.) in Response to Modified and Controlled Atmospheric Storage Conditions." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 18, no. 1 (2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:46-51.

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Quality maintenance and ethanol metabolism of red date (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) fruits in response to modified atmosphere and controlled atmosphere (7% CO<sub>2</sub>, 3% O<sub>2</sub> plus 90% N<sub>2</sub>) were investigated in the present study. Results showed that modified atmosphere and controlled atmosphere significantly maintained higher titratable and ascorbic acid contents during storage at 0°C for 32 days. In addition, ethanol accumulation and alcohol dehydrogenase activity indicated that ethanol metabolism in red dates was substantially inhibited by modified and controlled atmospheri

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Laguë, Marysa M., Gordon B. Bonan, and Abigail L. S. Swann. "Separating the Impact of Individual Land Surface Properties on the Terrestrial Surface Energy Budget in both the Coupled and Uncoupled Land–Atmosphere System." Journal of Climate 32, no. 18 (2019): 5725–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0812.1.

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Abstract Changes in the land surface can drive large responses in the atmosphere on local, regional, and global scales. Surface properties control the partitioning of energy within the surface energy budget to fluxes of shortwave and longwave radiation, sensible and latent heat, and ground heat storage. Changes in surface energy fluxes can impact the atmosphere across scales through changes in temperature, cloud cover, and large-scale atmospheric circulation. We test the sensitivity of the atmosphere to global changes in three land surface properties: albedo, evaporative resistance, and surfac

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Frankignoul, Claude, Nadine Chouaib, and Zhengyu Liu. "Estimating the Observed Atmospheric Response to SST Anomalies: Maximum Covariance Analysis, Generalized Equilibrium Feedback Assessment, and Maximum Response Estimation." Journal of Climate 24, no. 10 (2011): 2523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3696.1.

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Abstract Three multivariate statistical methods to estimate the influence of SST or boundary forcing on the atmosphere are discussed. Lagged maximum covariance analysis (MCA) maximizes the covariance between the atmosphere and prior SST, thus favoring large responses and dominant SST patterns. However, it does not take into account the possible SST evolution during the time lag. To correctly represent the relation between forcing and response, a new SST correction is introduced. The singular value decomposition (SVD) of generalized equilibrium feedback assessment (GEFA–SVD) identifies in a tru

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Verma, Tarun, R. Saravanan, P. Chang, and S. Mahajan. "Tropical Pacific Ocean Dynamical Response to Short-Term Sulfate Aerosol Forcing." Journal of Climate 32, no. 23 (2019): 8205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0050.1.

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Abstract The large-scale and long-term climate impacts of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols consist of Northern Hemisphere cooling and a southward shift of the tropical rain belt. On interannual time scales, however, the response to aerosols is localized with a sizable imprint on local ocean–atmosphere interaction. A large concentration of anthropogenic sulfates over Asia may impact ENSO by modifying processes and interactions that generate this coupled ocean–atmosphere variability. Here, we use climate model experiments with different degrees of ocean–atmosphere coupling to study the tropical Pa

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Petricca, Flavio, Antonio Genova, Sander Goossens, Luciano Iess, and Giorgio Spada. "Constraining the Internal Structures of Venus and Mars from the Gravity Response to Atmospheric Loading." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 7 (2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac7878.

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Abstract The gravity fields of celestial bodies that possess an atmosphere are periodically perturbed by the redistribution of fluid mass associated with atmospheric dynamics. A component of this perturbation is due to the gravitational response of the body to the deformation of its surface induced by the atmospheric pressure loading. The magnitude of this effect depends on the relation between the loading and the response in terms of geopotential variations measured by the load Love numbers. In this work, we simulate and analyze the gravity field generated by the atmospheres of Venus and Mars

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Grankin, Dmitry, Irina Mironova, Galina Bazilevskaya, Eugene Rozanov, and Tatiana Egorova. "Atmospheric Response to EEP during Geomagnetic Disturbances." Atmosphere 14, no. 2 (2023): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020273.

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Energetic electron precipitation (EEP) is associated with solar activity and space weather and plays an important role in the Earth’s polar atmosphere. Energetic electrons from the radiation belt precipitate into the atmosphere during geomagnetic disturbances and cause additional ionization rates in the polar middle atmosphere. These induced atmospheric ionization rates lead to the formation of radicals in ion-molecular reactions at the heights of the mesosphere and upper stratosphere with the formation of reactive compounds of odd nitrogen NOy and odd hydrogen HOx groups. These compounds are

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8

Liu, Zhengyu, Yun Liu, Lixin Wu, and R. Jacob. "Seasonal and Long-Term Atmospheric Responses to Reemerging North Pacific Ocean Variability: A Combined Dynamical and Statistical Assessment*." Journal of Climate 20, no. 6 (2007): 955–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4041.1.

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Abstract The atmospheric response to a North Pacific subsurface oceanic temperature anomaly is studied in a coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model using a combined dynamical and statistical approach, with the focus on the evolution at seasonal and longer time scales. The atmospheric response is first assessed dynamically with an ensemble coupled experiment. The atmospheric response is found to exhibit a distinct seasonal evolution and a significant long-term response. The oceanic temperature anomaly reemerges each winter to force the atmosphere through an upward heat flux, forcing

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Agarwal, Neeraj, Armin Köhl, Carlos Roberto Mechoso, and Detlaf Stammer. "On the Early Response of the Climate System to a Meltwater Input from Greenland." Journal of Climate 27, no. 21 (2014): 8276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00762.1.

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Abstract The early response of the atmosphere–ocean system to meltwater runoff originating from the Greenland ice sheet is studied using a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). For this purpose, AOGCM ensemble simulations without and with associated ocean freshening around Greenland are compared. For freshwater perturbations initiated in northern winter, the mean response for the first three months shows the emergence of negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Denmark Strait, in association with enhanced oceanic advection by the East Greenland Current. The

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KASTING, J. F., and T. P. ACKERMAN. "Response: Earth's Early Atmosphere." Science 235, no. 4787 (1987): 415b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4787.415b.

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Auclair-Desrotour, P., J. Laskar, and S. Mathis. "Atmospheric tides in Earth-like planets." Astronomy & Astrophysics 603 (July 2017): A107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628252.

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Context. Atmospheric tides can strongly affect the rotational dynamics of planets. In the family of Earth-like planets, which includes Venus, this physical mechanism coupled with solid tides makes the angular velocity evolve over long timescales and determines the equilibrium configurations of their spin. Aims. Unlike the solid core, the atmosphere of a planet is subject to both tidal gravitational potential and insolation flux coming from the star. The complex response of the gas is intrinsically linked to its physical properties. This dependence has to be characterized and quantified for app

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Merlis, Timothy M., Tapio Schneider, Simona Bordoni, and Ian Eisenman. "Hadley Circulation Response to Orbital Precession. Part I: Aquaplanets." Journal of Climate 26, no. 3 (2013): 740–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00716.1.

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Abstract The response of the monsoonal and annual-mean Hadley circulation to orbital precession is examined in an idealized atmospheric general circulation model with an aquaplanet slab-ocean lower boundary. Contrary to expectations, the simulated monsoonal Hadley circulation is weaker when perihelion occurs at the summer solstice than when aphelion occurs at the summer solstice. The angular momentum balance and energy balance are examined to understand the mechanisms that produce this result. That the summer with stronger insolation has a weaker circulation is the result of an increase in the

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Wang, Zi–Fan, and R. H. Cameron. "Flux emergence simulation and coronal response at ephemeral region scale." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 19, S365 (2023): 340–44. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1743921324000218.

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AbstractFlux emergence at different spatial scales and with different amounts of flux has been studied using radiative magnetohydrodynamics (rMHD) simulations. We use the radiative MHD code MURaM to simulate the emergence of an untwisted magnetic flux tube of ephemeral region scale with a density nonuniformity into a background atmosphere with a small unipolar open field. We find that the tube rises to the photosphere, forming complex loop structures seen in synthetic Atmospheric Imaging Assembly(AIA) 171 Å images. The atmosphere reaches 105K at 3Mm above the surface. Our simulation provides a

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Wu, Yutian, Richard Seager, Mingfang Ting, Naomi Naik, and Tiffany A. Shaw. "Atmospheric Circulation Response to an Instantaneous Doubling of Carbon Dioxide. Part I: Model Experiments and Transient Thermal Response in the Troposphere*." Journal of Climate 25, no. 8 (2012): 2862–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00284.1.

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Abstract This study aims to understand the dynamical mechanisms driving the changes in the general circulation of the atmosphere due to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) by looking into the transient step-by-step adjustment of the circulation. The transient atmospheric adjustment is examined using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model, version 3, coupled to a slab ocean model, and the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is uniformly and instantaneously doubled. The thermal structure and circulation response is well established after one year of integration, with

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15

Tomita, Hiroyuki, Shang-Ping Xie, Hiroki Tokinaga, and Yoshimi Kawai. "Cloud Response to the Meandering Kuroshio Extension Front." Journal of Climate 26, no. 23 (2013): 9393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00133.1.

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A unique set of observations on board research vessel (R/V) Mirai in April 2010 captured a striking cloud hole over a cold meander of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) east of Japan as corroborated by atmospheric soundings, ceilometer, shipboard radiation data, and satellite cloud images. Distinct differences were also observed between the warm meander farther to the north and warm water south of the KE. The atmosphere is highly unstable over the warm meander, promoting a well-mixed marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and a layer of solid stratocumulus clouds capped by a strong inversion. Over

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Liu, Shizuo, Qigang Wu, Yonghong Yao, and Steven R. Schroeder. "The Role of Coupled North Pacific Atmosphere–Ocean Interactions in Impacts of Tibetan Plateau Snow Anomalies on the Northern Hemisphere Winter Atmospheric Circulation." Journal of Climate 36, no. 5 (2023): 1369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-22-0261.1.

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Abstract Previous studies indicate observed influences of autumn and winter Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow-cover anomalies on the winter Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection. This study simulates atmospheric and oceanic responses to persistent autumn–winter TP snow forcing using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and a coupled atmospheric-oceanic general circulation model (AOGCM), and quantifies the role of atmosphere–ocean interactions over North Pacific in TP snow effects. The AOGCM experiment induces a stronger and more realistic remote PNA response to heavy TP snow anomalies

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Liptak, Jessica, and Courtenay Strong. "A Model-Based Decomposition of the Sea Ice–Atmosphere Feedback over the Barents Sea during Winter." Journal of Climate 27, no. 7 (2014): 2533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00371.1.

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Abstract The feedback between Barents Sea ice and the winter atmosphere was studied in a modeling framework by decomposing it into two sequential boundary forcing experiments. The Community Ice Code (CICE) model was initialized with anomalously high sea ice concentration (SIC) over the Barents Sea and forced with an atmosphere produced by positive SIC anomalies, and CICE was initialized with low Barents Sea SIC and forced with an atmosphere produced by negative SIC anomalies. Corresponding control runs were produced by exposing the same SIC initial conditions to climatological atmospheres, and

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Zhu, Xun, Jeng-Hwa Yee, Ming Cai, et al. "Diagnosis of Middle-Atmosphere Climate Sensitivity by the Climate Feedback–Response Analysis Method." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 1 (2015): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0013.1.

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Abstract The authors present a new method to diagnose the middle-atmosphere climate sensitivity by extending the climate feedback–response analysis method (CFRAM) for the coupled atmosphere–surface system to the middle atmosphere. The middle-atmosphere CFRAM (MCFRAM) is built on the atmospheric energy equation per unit mass with radiative heating and cooling rates as its major thermal energy sources. MCFRAM preserves CFRAM’s unique feature of additivity, such that partial temperature changes due to variations in external forcing and feedback processes can be added to give a total temperature c

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Veres, Michael, and Qi Hu. "Atmospheric Responses to North Atlantic SST Anomalies in Idealized Experiments. Part I: Northern Hemispheric Circulation." Journal of Climate 28, no. 15 (2015): 6204–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00413.1.

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Abstract Idealized model experiments using the NCAR CESM1.0.5 under equinox conditions are designed and performed to address two fundamental questions about the effects of the sea surface temperature (SST) variation associated with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) on circulation and precipitation in North America and Europe: 1) Is the observed relationship between the AMO SST and the warm-season precipitation in North America a statistical coincidence? and 2) Why is the response of negative precipitation anomaly to warm SST in the AMO fairly uniform across most of North America, whe

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20

Zhang, Liping, Lixin Wu, and Jiaxu Zhang. "Simulated Response to Recent Freshwater Flux Change over the Gulf Stream and Its Extension: Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Adjustment and Atlantic–Pacific Teleconnection." Journal of Climate 24, no. 15 (2011): 3971–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4020.1.

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Abstract Recent observation has shown that the dominant mode of the net freshwater flux variations over the North Atlantic Ocean is the significant trend of freshwater loss over the Gulf Stream region and its extension. In this paper, the coupled ocean–atmosphere response to this freshwater flux change is investigated based on a series of the Fast Ocean–Atmosphere Model coupled-model experiments. The model demonstrates that the freshwater loss over the Gulf Stream and its extension region directly forces an anomalous cyclonic gyre and triggers a SST dipole with cooling in the western subtropic

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Wang, Yi-Hui, and W. Timothy Liu. "Observational Evidence of Frontal-Scale Atmospheric Responses to Kuroshio Extension Variability." Journal of Climate 28, no. 23 (2015): 9459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00829.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the regional atmospheric response to the Kuroshio Extension (KE) using a combination of multiple satellite observations and reanalysis data from boreal winter over a period of at least a decade. The goal is to understand the relationship between KE variations and atmospheric responses at low frequencies. A climate index is used to measure the interannual to decadal KE variability, which leaves remarkable imprints on the mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST). Clear spatial coherence between the SST signals and frontal-scale atmospheric variables, including sur

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Hacker, Joshua P. "Spatial and Temporal Scales of Boundary Layer Wind Predictability in Response to Small-Amplitude Land Surface Uncertainty." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 1 (2010): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3162.1.

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Abstract Predictability experiments with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model as a proxy for the atmosphere are analyzed to quantify the spatial and temporal scales of boundary layer wind response to land surface perturbations. Soil moisture is chosen as the land surface variable subject to uncertainty because the atmosphere is known to be sensitive to its state. A range of experiments with spatially correlated, small-amplitude perturbations to soil moisture leads to results that show the dependence of predictability on atmospheric conditions. The primary conclusions are as follows: 1

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Bouza, Jonathan, and Kimberly A. Riegel. "Atmospheric effects on the propagation of sonic booms utilizing ray tracing methods." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0026844.

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The aviation industry’s push towards a return of supersonic flight has some hurdles in the United States due to the regulation restricting overland supersonic use of civil aircraft without prior authorization. This regulation was put in place in response to the public's concerns over property damage from the boom front as well as the audible nuisance complaints in the path of the boom carpet. The physical behavior of the boom is understood well enough that NASA is in the testing stage of the X-59 QueSST to test the feasibility of overland flight. The boom characteristics are affected by the te

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Sen Gupta, Alexander, and Matthew H. England. "Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Feedback in the Southern Annular Mode." Journal of Climate 20, no. 14 (2007): 3677–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4200.1.

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Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that while the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is an intrinsic feature of the atmosphere, it projects strongly onto the ocean and sea ice properties and circulation. This study investigates the extent of “back interaction” whereby these oceanic SAM anomalies feed back to the atmosphere. A comparison between atmosphere-only and full coupled climate models demonstrates that air–sea interactions in the coupled system act to increase the persistence of the SAM in the atmosphere. To identify the nature of feedback from the ocean to the atmosphere, ensemble ex

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Screen, James A., Ian Simmonds, Clara Deser, and Robert Tomas. "The Atmospheric Response to Three Decades of Observed Arctic Sea Ice Loss." Journal of Climate 26, no. 4 (2013): 1230–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00063.1.

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Abstract Arctic sea ice is declining at an increasing rate with potentially important repercussions. To understand better the atmospheric changes that may have occurred in response to Arctic sea ice loss, this study presents results from atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments in which the only time-varying forcings prescribed were observed variations in Arctic sea ice and accompanying changes in Arctic sea surface temperatures from 1979 to 2009. Two independent AGCMs are utilized in order to assess the robustness of the response across different models. The results suggest th

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Wang, Fuyao, Michael Notaro, Zhengyu Liu, and Guangshan Chen. "Observed Local and Remote Influences of Vegetation on the Atmosphere across North America Using a Model-Validated Statistical Technique That First Excludes Oceanic Forcings*." Journal of Climate 27, no. 1 (2014): 362–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00080.1.

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Abstract The observed local and nonlocal influences of vegetation on the atmosphere across North America are quantified after first removing the oceanic impact. The interaction between vegetation and the atmosphere is dominated by forcing from the atmosphere, making it difficult to extract the forcing from vegetation. Furthermore, the atmosphere is not only influenced by vegetation but also the oceans, so in order to extract the vegetation impact, the oceanic forcing must first be excluded. This study identified significant vegetation impact in two climatically and ecologically unique regions:

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Huang, Theresa Y. W., and Guy P. Brasseur. "Response of the Middle Atmosphere to Solar Variability — Model Simulations." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 143 (1994): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100024817.

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Solar flux variations could affect the middle atmosphere through modulating the photolysis of chemical series and solar heating rates. Indirect feedback effects from chemical, radiative, and dynamical interactions could provide additional sources for perturbations in the middle atmosphere. In this paper, recent developments in modeling the effect of solar variability on the middle atmosphere is described. For the 27-day solar rotational cycle, the temperature and ozone response in the stratosphere predicted by one- and two-dimensional models compares well with data analyses. For the 11-year so

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Kilpatrick, Thomas, Niklas Schneider, and Bo Qiu. "Atmospheric Response to a Midlatitude SST Front: Alongfront Winds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 9 (2016): 3489–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0312.1.

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Abstract Satellite observations and modeling studies show that midlatitude SST fronts influence the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and atmospheric circulation. Here, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model is used to explore the atmospheric response to a midlatitude SST front in an idealized, dry, two-dimensional configuration, with a background wind oriented in the alongfront direction. The SST front excites an alongfront wind anomaly in the free atmosphere, with peak intensity just above the MABL. This response is nearly quasigeostrophic, in contrast to the inert

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Häkkilä, Tuomas, Maxime Grandin, Markus Battarbee, et al. "Atmospheric odd nitrogen response to electron forcing from a 6D magnetospheric hybrid-kinetic simulation." Annales Geophysicae 43, no. 1 (2025): 217–40. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-43-217-2025.

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Abstract. Modelling the distribution of odd nitrogen (NOx) in the polar middle and upper atmosphere has proven to be a complex task. Firstly, its production by energetic electron precipitation is highly variable across a range of temporal scales from seconds to decades. Secondly, there are uncertainties in the measurement-based but simplified electron flux datasets that are currently used in atmosphere and climate models. The altitude distribution of NOx is also strongly affected by atmospheric dynamics on monthly timescales, particularly in the polar winter periods when the isolated air insid

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Duan, Yongqiang, Zhenzhan Wang, Haowen Xu, and Wenyu Wang. "Simulation of the Spectrum Response for the THz Atmosphere Limb Sounder (TALIS)." Sensors 20, no. 2 (2020): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020498.

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The THz atmospheric limb sounder (TALIS) is a microwave radiometer developed by the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for the detection of atmospheric trace gases. The observation range of the instrument mainly focuses on the middle and upper atmosphere (10–100 km above the earth’s surface). The detection targets include the temperature, pressure, and more than 10 kinds of atmospheric components. Its scientific goal is to improve our comprehension of atmospheric chemical composition and dynamics, and to monitor environmental pollution and sources in the atmospher

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Das, S. K., A. Taori, and A. Jayaraman. "On the role of dust storms in triggering atmospheric gravity waves observed in the middle atmosphere." Annales Geophysicae 29, no. 9 (2011): 1647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-1647-2011.

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Abstract. Lower atmospheric perturbations often produce measurable effects in the middle and upper atmosphere. The present study demonstrates the response of the middle atmospheric thermal structure to the significant enhancement of the lower atmospheric heating effect caused by dust storms observed over the Thar Desert, India. Our study from multi-satellite observations of two dust storm events that occurred on 3 and 8 May 2007 suggests that dust storm events produce substantial changes in the lower atmospheric temperatures as hot spots which can become sources for gravity waves observed in t

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Henderson, Gina R., Daniel J. Leathers, and Brian Hanson. "Circulation Response to Eurasian versus North American Anomalous Snow Scenarios in the Northern Hemisphere with an AGCM Coupled to a Slab Ocean Model." Journal of Climate 26, no. 5 (2013): 1502–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00465.1.

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Abstract The difference between snow-covered and snow-free conditions is the most climatically significant natural seasonal change the land surface can experience. Most GCM studies investigating snow–atmosphere interactions have focused on impacts of Eurasian snow anomalies caused by the magnitude of snow mass, while North American snow has been shown to have a weaker relationship with downstream climate. Experiment design of recent snow–atmosphere interactions studies has been limited to atmosphere-only models, with sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice extent represented as boundary cond

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Persad, Geeta G., David J. Paynter, Yi Ming, and V. Ramaswamy. "Competing Atmospheric and Surface-Driven Impacts of Absorbing Aerosols on the East Asian Summertime Climate." Journal of Climate 30, no. 22 (2017): 8929–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0860.1.

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East Asia has some of the largest concentrations of absorbing aerosols globally, and these, along with the region’s scattering aerosols, have both reduced the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth’s surface regionally (solar dimming) and increased shortwave absorption within the atmosphere, particularly during the peak months of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). This study analyzes how atmospheric absorption and surface solar dimming compete in driving the response of regional summertime climate to anthropogenic aerosols, which dominates, and why—issues of particular importance for pred

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Liu, Zhengyu, and Lixin Wu. "Atmospheric Response to North Pacific SST: The Role ofOcean–Atmosphere Coupling*." Journal of Climate 17, no. 9 (2004): 1859–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1859:artnps>2.0.co;2.

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Ferreira, David, and Claude Frankignoul. "The Transient Atmospheric Response to Midlatitude SST Anomalies." Journal of Climate 18, no. 7 (2005): 1049–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-3313.1.

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Abstract To study the transient atmospheric response to midlatitude SST anomalies, a three-layer quasigeostrophic (QG) model coupled to a slab oceanic mixed layer in the North Atlantic is used. As diagnosed from a coupled run in perpetual winter conditions, the first two modes of SST variability are linked to the model North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and eastern Atlantic pattern (EAP), respectively, the dominant atmospheric modes in the Atlantic sector. The two SST anomaly patterns are then prescribed as fixed anomalous boundary conditions for the model atmosphere, and its transient responses

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Sand, M., T. K. Berntsen, J. E. Kay, J. F. Lamarque, Ø. Seland, and A. Kirkevåg. "The Arctic response to remote and local forcing of black carbon." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 1 (2013): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-211-2013.

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Abstract. Recent studies suggest that the Arctic temperature response to black carbon (BC) forcing depend strongly on the location of the forcing. We investigate how atmospheric BC in the mid-latitudes remotely influence the Arctic climate, and compare this with the response to atmospheric BC located in the Arctic itself. In this study, idealized climate simulations are carried out with a fully coupled Earth System Model, which includes a comprehensive treatment of aerosol microphysics. In order to determine how BC transported to the Arctic and BC sources not reaching the Arctic impact the Arc

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Conrath, Barney J. "Jupiter's post-impact atmospheric thermal response." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 156 (May 1996): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100115556.

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Measurements of thermal emission in spectral regions, ranging from the near-infrared to mm wavelengths provide information on the atmospheric thermal structure over impact sites fromμbar levels in the upper stratosphere down to the upper troposphere. Systematic time series of observations relevant to this entire height range over individual spots do not exist. However, by piecing together information at different times from various spots, it is possible to obtain a provisional, semi-quantitative picture of the behavior of the thermal structure over a typical impact site. Immediately after fall

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Domínguez, Marisela Rivera, Elhadi M. Yahia, and Luz Vázquez Moreno. "RESPONSE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AVOCADO AND MANGO FRUIT EXPOSED TO INSECTICIDAL MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE." HortScience 28, no. 5 (1993): 580c—580. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.580c.

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Atmospheres with very low levels of O2 (≤0.5%) and/or very high levels of CO2 (≥50%) were reported to be insecticidal, and thus have a potential for postharvest insect control in horticultural crops. Our previous studies have shown that avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill cv. Hass) is very sensitive, while mango fruit (Mangifera indica L. cv Keitt) is very tolerant to these extreme atmospheres. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in responses of the two fruits to insecticidal atmospheres. Fruits were evaluated after storage in a static modified atmosphere (MA) of &l

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Xu, Y., and S. P. Xie. "Ocean mediation of tropospheric response to reflecting and absorbing aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 4 (2015): 5537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-5537-2015.

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Abstract. Radiative forcing by reflecting (e.g., sulfate, SO4) and absorbing (e.g., black carbon, BC) aerosols is distinct: the former cools the planet by reducing solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere and the surface, without largely affecting the atmospheric column, while the latter heats the atmosphere directly. Despite the fundamental difference in forcing, here we show that the structure of the tropospheric response is remarkably similar between the two types of aerosols, featuring a deep vertical structure of temperature change (of opposite sign) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mi

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Xu, Y., and S. P. Xie. "Ocean mediation of tropospheric response to reflecting and absorbing aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 10 (2015): 5827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5827-2015.

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Abstract. Radiative forcing by reflecting (e.g., sulfate, SO4) and absorbing (e.g., black carbon, BC) aerosols is distinct: the former cools the planet by reducing solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere and the surface, without largely affecting the atmospheric column, while the latter heats the atmosphere directly. Despite the fundamental difference in forcing, here we show that the structure of the tropospheric response is remarkably similar between the two types of aerosols, featuring a deep vertical structure of temperature change (of opposite sign) at the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mi

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Henderson, Gina R., Bradford S. Barrett, Ashley Lois, and Haadi Elsaawy. "Time-Lagged Response of the Antarctic and High-Latitude Atmosphere to Tropical MJO Convection." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 4 (2018): 1219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0224.1.

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Intraseasonal tropical variability has important implications for the mid- and high-latitude atmosphere, and in recent studies has been shown to modulate a number of weather processes in the Northern Hemisphere, such as snow depth, sea ice concentration, precipitation, atmospheric rivers, and air temperature. In such studies, the extratropical atmosphere has tended to respond to the tropical convection of the leading mode of intraseasonal variability, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), with a time lag of approximately 7 days. However, the time lag between the MJO and the Antarctic atmosphere

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Swartz, W. H., R. S. Stolarski, L. D. Oman, E. L. Fleming, and C. H. Jackman. "Middle atmosphere response to different descriptions of the 11-yr solar cycle in spectral irradiance in a chemistry-climate model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 13 (2012): 5937–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5937-2012.

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Abstract. The 11-yr solar cycle in solar spectral irradiance (SSI) inferred from measurements by the SOlar Radiation &amp; Climate Experiment (SORCE) suggests a much larger variation in the ultraviolet than previously accepted. We present middle atmosphere ozone and temperature responses to the solar cycles in SORCE SSI and the ubiquitous Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) SSI reconstruction using the Goddard Earth Observing System chemistry-climate model (GEOSCCM). The results are largely consistent with other recent modeling studies. The modeled ozone response is positive throughout the str

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Kasting, J. F., and T. P. Ackerman. "Response : Earth's Early Atmosphere." Science 235, no. 4787 (1987): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4787.415-b.

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Klironomos, John N., Matthias C. Rillig, Michael F. Allen, Donald R. Zak, Kurt S. Pregitzer, and Mark E. Kubiske. "Increased levels of airborne fungal spores in response to Populus tremuloides grown under elevated atmospheric CO2." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 10 (1997): 1670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-880.

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Soil fungi are important components of terrestrial ecosystems. They function as decomposers, pathogens, parasites, and mutualistic symbionts. Their main mode of dispersal is to liberate spores into the atmosphere. In this study we tested the hypothesis that a higher atmospheric CO2 concentration will induce greater sporulation in common soil fungi, leading to higher concentrations of fungal propagules in the atmosphere. In our field experiment, the concentration of airborne fungal propagules, mostly spores, increased fourfold under twice-ambient CO2 concentrations. Analysis of decomposing leaf

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Hogg, Andrew Mc C., William K. Dewar, Peter D. Killworth, and Jeffrey R. Blundell. "Decadal Variability of the Midlatitude Climate System Driven by the Ocean Circulation." Journal of Climate 19, no. 7 (2006): 1149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3651.1.

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Abstract A midlatitude coupled ocean–atmosphere model is used to investigate interactions between the atmosphere and the wind-driven ocean circulation. This model uses idealized geometry, yet rich and complicated dynamic flow regimes arise in the ocean due to the explicit simulation of geostrophic turbulence. An interdecadal mode of intrinsic ocean variability is found, and this mode projects onto existing atmospheric modes of variability, thereby controlling the time scale of the atmospheric modes. It is also shown that ocean circulation controls the time scale of the SST response to wind for

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Spall, Michael A. "Thermally Forced Transients in the Thermohaline Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 11 (2015): 2820–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0101.1.

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AbstractThe response of a convective ocean basin to variations in atmospheric temperature is explored using numerical models and theory. The results indicate that the general behavior depends strongly on the frequency at which the atmosphere changes relative to the local response time to air–sea heat flux. For high-frequency forcing, the convective region in the basin interior is essentially one-dimensional and responds to the integrated local surface heat flux anomalies. For low-frequency forcing, eddy fluxes from the boundary current into the basin interior become important and act to suppre

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Fan, Yalin, Shian-Jiann Lin, Isaac M. Held, Zhitao Yu, and Hendrik L. Tolman. "Global Ocean Surface Wave Simulation Using a Coupled Atmosphere–Wave Model." Journal of Climate 25, no. 18 (2012): 6233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00621.1.

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Abstract This study describes a 29-yr (1981–2009) global ocean surface gravity wave simulation generated by a coupled atmosphere–wave model using NOAA/GFDL’s High-Resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM) and the WAVEWATCH III surface wave model developed and used operationally at NOAA/NCEP. Extensive evaluation of monthly mean significant wave height (SWH) against in situ buoys, satellite altimeter measurements, and the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) show very good agreements in terms of magnitude, spatial distribution, and scatter. The comparisons with satellite altimeter measurements indicate t

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Conil, Sébastien, and Laurent Z.-X. Li. "Linearity of the Atmospheric Response to North Atlantic SST and Sea Ice Anomalies." Journal of Climate 18, no. 12 (2005): 1986–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3388.1.

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Abstract The observations of the ocean–atmosphere–sea ice have recently revealed that the oceanic surfaces can have a subtle but significant impact on the atmospheric long-term fluctuations. Low-frequency variations and long-term trends of the North Atlantic atmospheric circulation have been partly related to particular SST and sea ice features. In this work, the influence of typical tripolar SST and dipolar sea ice anomalies in the North Atlantic–Arctic on the atmosphere is investigated. A large ensemble of AGCM simulations forced by three different anomalous boundary conditions (SST, sea ice

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Chen, Hua, and Edwin K. Schneider. "Comparison of the SST-Forced Responses between Coupled and Uncoupled Climate Simulations." Journal of Climate 27, no. 2 (2014): 740–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00092.1.

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Abstract It is commonly assumed that a reasonable estimate of the SST-forced component of the observed atmospheric circulation is given by an atmospheric GCM (AGCM) forced with the observed SST. However, there are results that find different SST-forced responses from the observed, for example for the ENSO–monsoon relationship, and suggest that these differences are due to lack of coupling to the ocean rather than atmospheric model bias unrelated to coupling. Here, the coupling issue is isolated and examined through perfect model experiments. A coupled atmosphere–ocean GCM (CGCM) simulation and

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Ferrett, Samantha, Matthew Collins, and Hong-Li Ren. "Diagnosing Relationships between Mean State Biases and El Niño Shortwave Feedback in CMIP5 Models." Journal of Climate 31, no. 4 (2018): 1315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0331.1.

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The rate of damping of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) associated with El Niño events by surface shortwave heat fluxes has significant biases in current coupled climate models [phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5)]. Of 33 CMIP5 models, 16 have shortwave feedbacks that are weakly negative in comparison to observations, or even positive, resulting in a tendency of amplification of SSTAs. Two biases in the cloud response to El Niño SSTAs are identified and linked to significant mean state biases in CMIP5 models. First, cool mean SST and reduced p

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