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Journal articles on the topic 'Atmospheric control'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Kucera, V. "Reduction of air pollutants - a tool for control of atmospheric corrosion." Revista de Metalurgia 39, Extra (December 17, 2003): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.2003.v39.iextra.1097.

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2

Grzyb, Marta, and Konrad Stefański. "The control of anti-aircraft missile flight path in atmospheric disturbances." Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4066.

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The control of homing surface-to-air short-range anti-aircraft missile takes place in the atmosphere, in which there are different types of atmospheric disturbances such as: turbulence, gust and wind shear. The atmospheric disturbances is generated with the Dryden power spectral density model. This paper presents a method for control of flying objects such as anti-aircraft missile moving in a disturbed environment. The method of proportional navigation will be applied for the guidance of missile on the ground target. The research will include the analysis of influence of atmospherics on the hitting the target accuracy, the shape of the flight path and the values of generated control forces. Numerical research will be carried out with use of Matlab/Simulink software. Obtained results will be presented in the graphical form. Sterowanie pociskiem przeciwlotniczym podczas zakłóceń atmosferycznych Streszczenie: Sterowanie samonaprowadzającym obiektem latającym, jakim jest przeciwlotniczy pocisk rakietowy (PPR), odbywa się w atmosferze ziemskiej, w której zachodzą różnego typu zjawiska atmosferyczne, jak turbulencje, uskoki i podmuchy wiatru. Zakłócenia atmosferyczne przyjęto jako proces stochastyczny w postaci gęstości widmowej mocy (model Drydena). W artykule zaprezentowano metodę sterowania PPR poruszającym się w atmosferze zaburzonej. Do naprowadzania pocisku rakietowego na cel powietrzny wykorzystana została metoda proporcjonalnej nawigacji. Badania objęły analizę wpływu zakłóceń atmosferycznych na dokładność trafienia w cel, kształt toru lotu oraz wartości generowanych sił sterujących. Symulacje komputerowe przeprowadzone zostały w środowisku Matlab/Simulink, a niektóre wyniki badań przedstawione w postaci graficznej. Słowa kluczowe: pocisk przeciwlotniczy, zakłócenia losowe, turbulencja, samonaprowadzanie

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3

Nisbet, Euan. "Emissions control needs atmospheric verification." Nature 433, no. 7027 (February 2005): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/433683b.

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4

Goreau, Thomas J. "Control of atmospheric carbon dioxide." Global Environmental Change 2, no. 1 (March 1992): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-3780(92)90031-2.

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5

Zhao-Jun, Ban, Zhang Jing-Lin, Wang Yong-Jiang, Yang Xiang-Zheng, Yuan Qiu-Ping, Xu Xiao-Juan, and Cai Hai-Ying. "Nutritional Quality of Red Dates (Zizyphus Jujube Mill.) in Response to Modified and Controlled Atmospheric Storage Conditions." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 18, no. 1 (June 24, 2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:46-51.

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Quality maintenance and ethanol metabolism of red date (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) fruits in response to modified atmosphere and controlled atmosphere (7% CO₂, 3% O₂ plus 90% N₂) were investigated in the present study. Results showed that modified atmosphere and controlled atmosphere significantly maintained higher titratable and ascorbic acid contents during storage at 0°C for 32 days. In addition, ethanol accumulation and alcohol dehydrogenase activity indicated that ethanol metabolism in red dates was substantially inhibited by modified and controlled atmospheric storage conditions. Furthermore, the browning and polyphenoloxidase activity was also delayed by both atmospheric conditions compared with control. By evidence of sensory evaluation, results confirmed that both modified and controlled atmosphere packages contributed to the maintenance of better sweetness, sourness, firmness, juiciness and date flavor as well as overall preference after cold storage. Nonetheless, no significant difference on decay index of red dates was observed between changed atmospheres and untreated control after storage. Results from the present study are of importance to the red date industry on theoretical and practical aspects.

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6

PASTER, NACHMAN, RIVKA BARKAI-GOLAN, and MOSHE CALDERON. "Control of T-2 Toxin Production Using Atmospheric Gases1." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.8.615.

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When the fungus Fusarium tricinctum NRRL 3299 was grown under atmospheres enriched with 50% CO2 and above (given in combination with 20% O2), T-2 production was reduced to 4.0 μg/45 ml of medium, as compared with 21.2 μg/45 ml of medium produced in an atmosphere of air. At 60% CO2/20% O2 and 80% CO2/20% O2, a significant reduction in fungal growth was also observed. The possibility of using controlled atmospheres as a means for mycotoxin control is discussed.

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7

Kim, Dongmin, Sang-Ki Lee, Hosmay Lopez, and Marlos Goes. "Pacific Mean-State Control of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation–El Niño Relationship." Journal of Climate 33, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0398.1.

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AbstractWe investigate the potential impacts of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) on El Niño and the associated atmosphere and ocean dynamics by using the Community Earth System Model–Large Ensemble Simulation (CESM-LENS). The individual effects of IPO and AMO on El Niño frequency and the underlying atmosphere–ocean processes are well reproduced in CESM-LENS and agree with previous studies. However, the sensitivity of El Niño frequency to the AMO is robust mainly during the negative IPO phase and very weak during the positive IPO phase. Further analysis suggests that the atmospheric mean state in the Pacific is much amplified during the negative IPO phase, facilitating the AMO-induced interocean atmospheric teleconnections. More specifically, during the negative IPO phase of the amplified mean state, the positive AMO enhances ascending motion from the northeastern Pacific, which in turn increases subsidence into the southeast Pacific through local anomalous Hadley circulation. The associated low-level easterly wind anomalies in the central equatorial Pacific are also reinforced by amplified upper-level divergence over the Maritime Continent to enhance the negative IPO, which is unfavorable for El Niño occurrence. Conversely, the negative AMO nearly cancels out the suppressing effect of the negative IPO on El Niño occurrence. During the positive IPO phase of the weakened atmospheric mean state, however, the AMO-induced interocean atmospheric teleconnections are much weaker; thus, neither the positive nor the negative AMO has any significant impact on El Niño occurrence.

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8

Genchev, G., Cr Hristov, Hr Shehtov, Em Pantev, and S. Georgieva. "Computer Control of Intensive Atmospheric Drying." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 19, no. 12 (November 1986): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)59610-x.

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9

BAUM, RUDY. "Phytoplankton seen as atmospheric CO control." Chemical & Engineering News 68, no. 22 (May 28, 1990): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n022.p007.

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10

Czaja, Arnaud. "Atmospheric Control on the Thermohaline Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3897.1.

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Abstract In an attempt to elucidate the role of atmospheric and oceanic processes in setting a vigorous ocean overturning circulation in the North Atlantic but not in the North Pacific, a comparison of the observed atmospheric circulation and net surface freshwater fluxes over the North Atlantic and Pacific basins is conducted. It is proposed that the more erratic meridional displacements of the atmospheric jet stream over the North Atlantic sector is instrumental in maintaining high surface salinities in its subpolar gyre. In addition, it is suggested that the spatial pattern of the net freshwater flux at the sea surface favors higher subpolar Atlantic salinity, because the geographical line separating net precipitation from net evaporation is found well south of the time-mean gyre separation in the North Pacific, whereas the two lines tend to coincide in the North Atlantic. Numerical experiments with an idealized two-gyre system confirm that these differences impact the salinity budget of the subpolar gyre. Further analysis of a coupled climate model in which the Atlantic meridional overturning cell has been artificially weakened suggests that the more erratic jet fluctuations in the Atlantic and the shift of the zero [net evaporation minus precipitation (E − P)] line are likely explained by features independent of the state of the thermohaline circulation. It is thus proposed that the atmospheric circulation helps “locking” high surface salinities and an active coupling between upper and deep ocean layers in the North Atlantic rather than in the North Pacific basin.

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11

Hogg, Andrew Mc C., William K. Dewar, Peter D. Killworth, and Jeffrey R. Blundell. "Decadal Variability of the Midlatitude Climate System Driven by the Ocean Circulation." Journal of Climate 19, no. 7 (April 1, 2006): 1149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3651.1.

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Abstract A midlatitude coupled ocean–atmosphere model is used to investigate interactions between the atmosphere and the wind-driven ocean circulation. This model uses idealized geometry, yet rich and complicated dynamic flow regimes arise in the ocean due to the explicit simulation of geostrophic turbulence. An interdecadal mode of intrinsic ocean variability is found, and this mode projects onto existing atmospheric modes of variability, thereby controlling the time scale of the atmospheric modes. It is also shown that ocean circulation controls the time scale of the SST response to wind forcing, and that coupled feedback mechanisms thus modify variability of the atmospheric circulation. It is concluded that ocean–atmosphere coupling in the midlatitudes is unlikely to produce new modes of variability but may control the temporal behavior of modes that exist in uncoupled systems.

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12

Kim, Young-Joon, William F. Campbell, and Steven D. Swadley. "Reduction of Middle-Atmospheric Forecast Bias through Improvement in Satellite Radiance Quality Control." Weather and Forecasting 25, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 681–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009waf2222329.1.

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Abstract This article discusses a practical problem faced in operational atmospheric forecasting and data assimilation, and efforts to improve forecast quality through the choice of quality control parameters. The need to utilize as much data as possible must be carefully balanced against the need to reject observations deemed erroneous because they are far from the background value. Alleviation of forecast bias in the middle atmosphere for a global atmospheric prediction system is attempted via improvement of the quality control and bias correction of the satellite radiance data; in particular, the sensitivity of the analysis to the satellite radiance outlier check parameters for the Naval Research Laboratory’s three-dimensional variational data assimilation system [Naval Research Laboratory Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS)] is investigated. A series of forecast experiments are performed with an extended-top (0.04 hPa or ∼65 km) version of the U.S. Navy’s Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) for the month of January 2007. The experiments vary the prescribed radiance observation error variance for the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) and the tolerance factors for the AMSU-A and NAVDAS quality control processes. The biases of geopotential height, temperature, and wind in the middle atmosphere are significantly reduced when the observation error limit for the highest-altitude AMSU-A channel (i.e., 14) is relaxed from 0.95 to 3 K and the tolerance factors for the AMSU-A and NAVDAS quality control processes are relaxed from 3 to 4. The improvement is due to assimilation of more high quality AMSU-A radiance data from the highest-peaking channel.

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13

Wszelaki, Annette L., and Elizabeth J. Mitcham. "411 Elevated Oxygen Atmospheres as a Decay Control Alternative on Strawberry." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 514F—515. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.514f.

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Controlled atmospheres have been proven an effective postharvest disease deterrent for strawberries both in transport and storage. However, these treatments do not provide residual protection once the commodity is removed from the atmosphere, and the atmospheres can cause off-flavors in the fruit. Elevated oxygen atmospheres are a novel addition to this technology and could potentially provide better decay control without the harmful effects on fruit flavor aspects. Elevated oxygen will potentially discourage microbial growth, as anaerobes grow best under very low oxygen levels and aerobes grow best under atmospheric oxygen. Threshold elevated oxygen levels to prevent Botrytis cinerea growth in vitro and in vivo on strawberry were assessed. Botrytis cultures (mycelial plugs and spores) and fresh strawberry fruit were exposed to 21%, 40%, 60%, and 80% oxygen atmospheres at 5 °C for 5, 7, and 14 d. Growth of cultures from mycelial plugs was evaluated after treatment and during post-treatment incubation by measuring the diameter of the fungus. Spore germination and germ tube elongation were evaluated every 24 h for 3 days after treatment by counting the number of germinated spores and measuring elongation, respectively. Strawberry quality including firmness, color, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ethylene production and respiration rates, and presence of defects were evaluated upon removal from the elevated oxygen atmospheres as well as after 1, 3, and 5 d storage in air at 20 °C simulating market conditions.

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14

Somavilla, Raquel, Carmen Rodriguez, Alicia Lavín, Amaia Viloria, Elena Marcos, and Daniel Cano. "Atmospheric Control of Deep Chlorophyll Maximum Development." Geosciences 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040178.

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The evolution of the near-surface phytoplankton bloom towards a Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) in mid-latitudes and subpolar regions of the global ocean is a well-known biological feature. However, our knowledge about the exact mechanism that determines the end of the bloom and its irreversible evolution towards a DCM is still limited. In this work, combining satellite and in-situ oceanographic data together with reanalysis data, we investigate why and when this transition between the near-surface phytoplankton bloom and the development of a DCM occurs. For this aim, we investigate the links between changes in air-sea heat exchanges, the near-surface signature of phytoplankton bloom, and the water column vertical structure by calculating the mixed layer depth (MLD) and depth of the DCM on hydrographic and chlorophyll profiles. We find that the occurrence of the last convective mixing event (heat loss by the ocean surface) at the end of the spring which is able to reach the base of the MLD and inject new nutrients into the mixed layer marks the end of the near-surface bloom and its transition towards a DCM. Identified in this way, the spring bloom duration and the start of the transition towards a DCM can be systematically and objectively determined, providing sensitive indexes of climate and ecosystem variability.

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15

Miettinen, Ville, Jarno Mäkinen, Eero Kolehmainen, Tero Kravtsov, and Lotta Rintala. "Iron Control in Atmospheric Acid Laterite Leaching." Minerals 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2019): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9070404.

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Iron control in the atmospheric acid leaching (AL) of nickel laterite was evaluated in this study. The aim was to decrease acid consumption and iron dissolution by iron precipitation during nickel leaching. The combined acid leaching and iron precipitation process involves direct acid leaching of the limonite type of laterite followed by a simultaneous iron precipitation and nickel leaching step. Iron precipitation as jarosite is carried out by using nickel containing silicate laterite for neutralization. Acid is generated in the jarosite precipitation reaction, and it dissolves nickel and other metals like magnesium from the silicate laterite. Leaching tests were carried out using three laterite samples from the Agios Ioannis, Evia Island, and Kastoria mines in Greece. Relatively low acid consumption was achieved during the combined precipitation and acid leaching tests. The acid consumption was approximately 0.4 kg acid per kg laterite, whereas the acid consumption in direct acid leaching of the same laterite samples was approximately 0.6–0.8 kg acid per kg laterite. Iron dissolution was only 1.5–3% during the combined precipitation and acid leaching tests, whereas in direct acid leaching it was 15–30% with the Agios Ioannis and Evia Island samples and 80% with the Kastoria sample.

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16

Alvim-Ferraz, M. C. M., and C. M. Todo-Bom Gaspar. "Impregnated active carbons to control atmospheric emissions." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 259, no. 1 (March 2003): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9797(02)00171-6.

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17

Alvim-Ferraz, M. C. M., and C. M. Todo-Bom Gaspar. "Impregnated active carbons to control atmospheric emissions." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 266, no. 1 (October 2003): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00648-9.

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18

Planche, M. P., H. Liao, and C. Coddet. "Oxidation control in atmospheric plasma spraying coating." Surface and Coatings Technology 202, no. 1 (November 2007): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.04.053.

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19

Giri, R. K. "Quality control issues in atmospheric motion vectors." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 10 (October 20, 2011): 1126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2011/v4i10.13.

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20

Martin, M. H. "Control and fate of atmospheric trace metals." Environmental Pollution 65, no. 2 (1990): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(90)90184-e.

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21

Vereshagin, I. P., V. S. Morozov, I. I. Kyrylenko, G. Z. Mirzabekyan, A. V. Orlov, and V. S. Petukhov. "An automatic control system of atmospheric electricity." Journal of Electrostatics 23 (April 1989): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3886(89)90063-6.

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22

Font, Gabriel I. "Boundary Layer Control with Atmospheric Plasma Discharges." AIAA Journal 44, no. 7 (July 2006): 1572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.18542.

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23

Chen, Xi, Natalia Andronova, Bram Van Leer, Joyce E. Penner, John P. Boyd, Christiane Jablonowski, and Shian-Jiann Lin. "A Control-Volume Model of the Compressible Euler Equations with a Vertical Lagrangian Coordinate." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 2526–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00129.1.

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Abstract Accurate and stable numerical discretization of the equations for the nonhydrostatic atmosphere is required, for example, to resolve interactions between clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere. Here the authors present a modification of the hydrostatic control-volume approach for solving the nonhydrostatic Euler equations with a Lagrangian vertical coordinate. A scheme with low numerical diffusion is achieved by introducing a low Mach number approximate Riemann solver (LMARS) for atmospheric flows. LMARS is a flexible way to ensure stability for finite-volume numerical schemes in both Eulerian and vertical Lagrangian configurations. This new approach is validated on test cases using a 2D (x–z) configuration.

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24

Cabrerizo, A., J. Dachs, K. C. Jones, and D. Barceló. "Soil-air exchange controls on background atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2011): 25937–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-25937-2011.

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Abstract. Soils are the major terrestrial reservoir of persistent organic pollutants, and thus net volatilization from soil, when it happens, may exert a control on the atmospheric occurrence and variability of organic pollutants. Here, we report and discuss the concentrations of legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as hexachlorobencene (HCB), hexaclorocyclohexanes (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in the atmosphere and in soils, their measured fugacities in soil, the soil-air partition coefficients (KSA) and soil-air fugacity ratios (fs/fa) in rural background areas of N-NE Spain and N-NW England. Four sampling campaigns were carried out in Spain and UK to assess seasonal variability and differences between sampling sites. KSA values were significantly dependent on soil temperature and soil organic matter quantity, and to a minor extent on organic matter type. HCH isomers and DDT metabolites in soil are close to equilibrium with the atmosphere at rural background areas of Spain with a tendency to volatilize and deposit during warm and cold periods, respectively. The mixture of HCH and DDT found in the atmosphere is clearly strongly influenced by the mixture of HCH and DDT which escapes from soil, with significant correlations between them (r2 ranging between 0.74–0.76 and p-level < 0.001 for the Ebro sampling sites), thus suggesting a close coupling of air and soil concentrations demonstrating that net volatilization from soil control the atmospheric levels of OCPs in the Northern Spain background atmosphere. Conversely, soils at rural UK sites were usually a sink for atmospheric DDT and HCH, but not for HCB. The negative statistically significant relationship found between log KSA and the log (fs/fa) ratio, suggests that high latitude regions, due to the high soil organic matter content and lower temperatures, will act as larger traps and accumulate more atmospheric OCPs. Thus, the extent to which soils are secondary sources to the atmosphere is currently dependent on the reservoir potential of soils for OCPs and shows a marked seasonality in their strength.

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25

Cabrerizo, A., J. Dachs, K. C. Jones, and D. Barceló. "Soil-Air exchange controls on background atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 24 (December 19, 2011): 12799–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12799-2011.

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Abstract. Soils are the major terrestrial reservoir of persistent organic pollutants, and thus net volatilization from soil, when it happens, may exert a control on the atmospheric occurrence and variability of organic pollutants. Here, we report and discuss the concentrations of legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexaclorocyclohexanes (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in the atmosphere and in soils, their measured fugacities in soil, the soil-air partition coefficients (KSA) and soil-air fugacity ratios (fs/fa) in rural background areas of N-NE Spain and N-NW England. Four sampling campaigns were carried out in Spain and UK to assess seasonal variability and differences between sampling sites. KSA values were significantly dependent on soil temperature and soil organic matter quantity, and to a minor extent on organic matter type. HCH isomers and DDT metabolites in soil are close to equilibrium with the overlying atmosphere at rural background areas of Spain with a tendency to volatilize and deposit during warm and cold periods, respectively. The mixture of HCH and DDT found in the atmosphere is clearly strongly influenced by the mixture of HCH and DDT which escapes from soil, with significant correlations between them (r2 ranging between 0.63–0.76 and p-level<0.001 for the Ebro sampling sites), thus suggesting a close coupling of air and soil concentrations, demonstrating that net volatilization from soil control the atmospheric levels of OCPs in the Northern Spain background atmosphere. Conversely, soils at rural UK sites were usually a sink for atmospheric DDT and HCH, but not for HCB. The negative statistically significant relationship found between log KSA and the log (fs/fa) ratio, suggests that high latitude regions, due to the high soil organic matter content and lower temperatures, will act as larger traps and accumulate more atmospheric OCPs. Thus, the extent to which soils are secondary sources to the atmosphere is currently dependent on the reservoir potential of soils for OCPs and shows a marked seasonality in their strength.

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26

Chung, Samuel W., and Jeong Je Jo. "Pressure Control of HVAC System for Corona Virus." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.4.1872.

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Corona Virus is deadly spread out to thousands of healthy people and so strong as to infect to the surrounding people after people. We must keep the deadly virus indoor as much as we can. How? We must not allow the indoor air already contaminated to leak out to the atmosphere, which will transmit to other people. The new virus is so strong and so fast to transmit, it will spread within a few seconds to thousands of people and became patients immediately. To solve the problem, we must build a pressure vessel to keep the virus inside the vessel and not to leak outside. It should be a negative pressure compare to the atmospheric pressure. Another words, is to keep the indoor pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, so the contaminated indoor pressure is lower than outdoor pressure. It is a part of a traditional HVAC operation. This article shows step by step procedures of HVAC system design procedures, with emphasis of the air duct system design. Care must be taken to keep close attention to the maintenance of the system.

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27

STEFAŃSKI, Konrad, and Marta GRZYB. "Flight of a Guided Aerial Bomb Along a Vertical Plane in Turbulent Atmosphere." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4802.

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The control of a homing flying object, which a guided aerial bomb (GAB) is, takes place in the earth’s atmosphere, which may feature various atmospheric phenomena that are disturbances to the GAB control. The atmospheric disturbances include air turbulences, wind pockets, and wind gusts. For the purpose of the research discussed in this paper, the atmospheric disturbances were qualified as a stochastic process of power spectral density according to the Dryden model. This paper presents a method of controlling a GAB in motion through a turbulent atmosphere of the earth. The GAB was homed to a moving ground target by the most universal method of proportional navigation. The research discussed in this paper included an analysis of the effect of atmospheric disturbances on the target striking accuracy of a GAB moving along a vertical plane, the GAB flight trajectory, the values of force inputs which controlled the GAB flight, the values of actual attack angles, the values of kinematic transverse overloads, and the control errors input to the guidance controller. The numerical simulations were completed during the research in Matlab/Simulink, and certain results thereof are represented in a graphical format.

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28

Kunii, Masaru, Kosuke Ito, and Akiyoshi Wada. "Preliminary Test of a Data Assimilation System with a Regional High-Resolution Atmosphere–Ocean Coupled Model Based on an Ensemble Kalman Filter." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 2 (February 2017): 565–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0068.1.

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An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) that uses a regional mesoscale atmosphere–ocean coupled model was preliminarily examined to provide realistic sea surface temperature (SST) estimates and to represent the uncertainties of SST in ensemble data assimilation strategies. The system was evaluated through data assimilation cycle experiments over a one-month period from July to August 2014, during which time a tropical cyclone (TC) as well as severe rainfall events occurred. The results showed that the data assimilation cycle with the coupled model reproduced SST distributions realistically even without assimilating SST and sea surface salinity observations, and atmospheric variables provided to ocean models can, therefore, control oceanic variables physically to some extent. The forecast error covariance calculated in the EnKF with the coupled model showed dependency on oceanic vertical mixing for near-surface atmospheric variables due to the difference of variability between the atmosphere and the ocean as well as the influence of SST variations on the atmospheric boundary layer. The EnKF with the coupled model reproduced the intensity change of Typhoon Halong (2014) during the mature phase more realistically than with an uncoupled atmosphere model, although there remained a degradation of the SST estimate, particularly around the Kuroshio region. This suggests that an atmosphere–ocean coupled data assimilation system should be developed that is able to physically control both atmospheric and oceanic variables.

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29

Mathes, Armin, Petra Friederichs, and Andreas Hense. "Towards a quality control of precipitation data." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 17, no. 6 (December 9, 2008): 733–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0347.

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30

Bony, Sandrine, Bjorn Stevens, David Coppin, Tobias Becker, Kevin A. Reed, Aiko Voigt, and Brian Medeiros. "Thermodynamic control of anvil cloud amount." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 32 (July 13, 2016): 8927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601472113.

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General circulation models show that as the surface temperature increases, the convective anvil clouds shrink. By analyzing radiative–convective equilibrium simulations, we show that this behavior is rooted in basic energetic and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere: As the climate warms, the clouds rise and remain at nearly the same temperature, but find themselves in a more stable atmosphere; this enhanced stability reduces the convective outflow in the upper troposphere and decreases the anvil cloud fraction. By warming the troposphere and increasing the upper-tropospheric stability, the clustering of deep convection also reduces the convective outflow and the anvil cloud fraction. When clouds are radiatively active, this robust coupling between temperature, high clouds, and circulation exerts a positive feedback on convective aggregation and favors the maintenance of strongly aggregated atmospheric states at high temperatures. This stability iris mechanism likely contributes to the narrowing of rainy areas as the climate warms. Whether or not it influences climate sensitivity requires further investigation.

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Liptak, Jessica, and Courtenay Strong. "A Model-Based Decomposition of the Sea Ice–Atmosphere Feedback over the Barents Sea during Winter." Journal of Climate 27, no. 7 (March 26, 2014): 2533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00371.1.

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Abstract The feedback between Barents Sea ice and the winter atmosphere was studied in a modeling framework by decomposing it into two sequential boundary forcing experiments. The Community Ice Code (CICE) model was initialized with anomalously high sea ice concentration (SIC) over the Barents Sea and forced with an atmosphere produced by positive SIC anomalies, and CICE was initialized with low Barents Sea SIC and forced with an atmosphere produced by negative SIC anomalies. Corresponding control runs were produced by exposing the same SIC initial conditions to climatological atmospheres, and the monthly mean sea ice response showed a positive feedback over the Barents Sea for both experiments: the atmosphere produced by positive SIC anomalies increased SIC over the Barents Sea during the winter, and the atmosphere produced by negative SIC anomalies decreased SIC. These positive feedbacks were driven primarily by thermodynamic forcing from surface longwave flux anomalies and were weakened somewhat by atmospheric temperature advection. Dynamical effects also opposed the positive feedback, with enhanced surface wind stress divergence over the Barents Sea in the high-SIC case and enhanced convergence in the low-SIC case.

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32

Sarwar, Saeed ur Rehman, and Saeed ur Rehman. "Supervising Control for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/564803.

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A small UAV is considered as a test UAV, and its already published aerodynamic data is used for its modeling. Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller is designed for pitch attitude control. Atmospheric disturbances such as wind shear and turbulence significantly influence the attitude of UAVs. For this study rotary gust is considered as atmospheric disturbance. Pitch response in presence of atmospheric disturbance is presented. In order to improve the performance in presence of atmospheric disturbance, a supervisory mechanism is proposed. Supervisory mechanism is composed of two modules, “observer module” and “correction generator module.” The human thinking like logic is developed for observer module so that it keeps monitoring the status of flight through specified inputs and outputs from the system and instructs the correction generator module to augment main controller by adding compensation commands. Correction generator module works on fuzzy logic. Simulation results show significant reduction in pitch errors after augmenting the supervisory mechanism, hence proving the efficacy of proposed scheme.

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33

Kim, Kijung, Bomi Gweon, Minam Lee, Jinseung Choung, Wonho Choe, and Jennifer H. Shin. "PS2-19 Control of fibrosis by atmospheric pressure plasma(PS2: Poster Short Presentation II,Poster Session)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2015.8 (2015): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2015.8.261.

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34

Yang, Ji-Woong, Jinho Ahn, Edward J. Brook, and Yeongjun Ryu. "Atmospheric methane control mechanisms during the early Holocene." Climate of the Past 13, no. 9 (September 22, 2017): 1227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1227-2017.

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Abstract. Understanding processes controlling the atmospheric methane (CH4) mixing ratio is crucial to predict and mitigate future climate changes in this gas. Despite recent detailed studies of the last ∼ 1000 to 2000 years, the mechanisms that control atmospheric CH4 still remain unclear, partly because the late Holocene CH4 budget may be comprised of both natural and anthropogenic emissions. In contrast, the early Holocene was a period when human influence was substantially smaller, allowing us to elucidate more clearly the natural controls under interglacial conditions more clearly. Here we present new high-resolution CH4 records from Siple Dome, Antarctica, covering from 11.6 to 7.7 thousands of years before 1950 AD (ka). We observe four local CH4 minima on a roughly 1000-year spacing, which correspond to cool periods in Greenland. We hypothesize that the cooling in Greenland forced the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) to migrate southward, reducing rainfall in northern tropical wetlands. The inter-polar difference (IPD) of CH4 shows a gradual increase from the onset of the Holocene to ∼ 9.5 ka, which implies growth of boreal source strength following the climate warming in the northern extratropics during that period.

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35

Baker, Nancy L. "Quality Control for the Navy Operational Atmospheric Database." Weather and Forecasting 7, no. 2 (June 1992): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1992)007<0250:qcftno>2.0.co;2.

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36

Fibich, Gadi, Yonatan Sivan, Yosi Ehrlich, Einat Louzon, Moshe Fraenkel, Shmuel Eisenmann, Yiftach Katzir, and Arie Zigler. "Control of the collapse distance in atmospheric propagation." Optics Express 14, no. 12 (2006): 4946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.14.004946.

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37

Rahman, Tawfiqur, Hao Zhou, Liang Yang, and Wanchun Chen. "Pseudospectral Model Predictive Control for Exo-atmospheric Guidance." International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/ijass.2015.16.1.64.

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38

Kumar Soni, Rajenda, Santosh Kumar Sar, and Shweta Singh. "APPLICATION OF BIOADSORBENT IN CONTROL OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 2, no. 1 (March 21, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2017.v2i1.54.

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A material that has the ability to extract certain substances from gases, liquids, or solids by causing them to adhere to its surface without changing the physical properties of the adsorbent. Rapid urbanization, population growth, industrial expansion and waste generation from domestic and industrial sources have rendered waste which are hazardous to man and other living resources. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and supply us with oxygen in the process of photosynthesis. At the same time, they reduce pollutants in water and soil. They also remove significant amounts of gaseous pollutants and particles from the air. The microscopic plants in soil also reduce air pollutants and degrade many toxic chemicals that enter the soil.

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39

Bruneau, Ch H., P. Fabrie, and F. Veersé. "Optimal control data assimilation with an atmospheric model." Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization 18, no. 7-8 (January 1997): 691–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01630569708816787.

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40

Marian, S., D. Tsiulyanu, T. Marian, and H. D. Liess. "Chalcogenide-based chemical sensors for atmospheric pollution control." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 12 (January 1, 2001): 2001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173122001.

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The authors report about characterization of chalcogenide-based thin films, as a materials for gas-sensing applications. The sensing behavior of the AsSTe films was tested with environmental pollutant gases such as NO2, CO, and SO2. A significant sensitivity has been observed for nitrogen dioxide. The detection range for NO2 was between 0.951.9 ppm in ambient air. The response and the recovery time is rapid, with good reproducibility and high sensibility. All the measurements were performed at room temperature. Gas-sensing applications are considered.

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41

Haskins, J. D., F. D. Lopez‐Hilfiker, B. H. Lee, V. Shah, G. M. Wolfe, J. DiGangi, D. Fibiger, et al. "Anthropogenic Control Over Wintertime Oxidation of Atmospheric Pollutants." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 24 (December 20, 2019): 14826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019gl085498.

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42

Kasparian, J., and J. P. Wolf. "Ultrafast laser spectroscopy and control of atmospheric aerosols." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 14, no. 26 (2012): 9291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cp23576e.

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43

Lacis, A. A., G. A. Schmidt, D. Rind, and R. A. Ruedy. "Atmospheric CO2: Principal Control Knob Governing Earth's Temperature." Science 330, no. 6002 (October 14, 2010): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1190653.

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44

Lu, P., and N. X. Vinh. "Minimax optimal control for atmospheric fly-through trajectories." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 57, no. 1 (April 1988): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00939328.

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45

Mai-Prochnow, Anne, Anthony B. Murphy, Keith M. McLean, Michael G. Kong, and Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov. "Atmospheric pressure plasmas: Infection control and bacterial responses." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 43, no. 6 (June 2014): 508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.01.025.

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46

Verevkin, A. P., and Yu M. Munirov. "Problems in automatic control of atmospheric-vacuum units." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 30, no. 11-12 (November 1994): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00725473.

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47

Duncan Jr., James B., Brian D. Hirth, and John L. Schroeder. "Exploring the complexities associated with full-scale wind plant wake mitigation control experiments." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-469-2020.

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Abstract. Recent research promotes implementing next-generation wind plant control methods to mitigate turbine-to-turbine wake effects. Numerical simulation and wind tunnel experiments have previously demonstrated the potential benefit of wind plant control for wind plant optimization, but full-scale validation of the wake-mitigating control strategies remains limited. As part of this study, the yaw and blade pitch of a utility-scale wind turbine were strategically modified for a limited time period to examine wind turbine wake response to first-order turbine control changes. Wind turbine wake response was measured using Texas Tech University's Ka-band Doppler radars and dual-Doppler scanning strategies. Results highlight some of the complexities associated with executing and analyzing wind plant control at full scale using brief experimental control periods. Some difficulties include (1) the ability to accurately implement the desired control changes, (2) identifying reliable data sources and methods to allow these control changes to be accurately quantified, and (3) attributing variations in wake structure to turbine control changes rather than a response to the underlying atmospheric conditions (e.g., boundary layer streak orientation, atmospheric stability). To better understand wake sensitivity to the underlying atmospheric conditions, wake evolution within the early-evening transition was also examined using a single-Doppler data collection approach. Analysis of both wake length and meandering during this period of transitioning atmospheric stability indicates the potential benefit and feasibility of wind plant control should be enhanced when the atmosphere is stable.

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48

Lightfoot, H. Douglas, and Orval A. Mamer. "Back radiation versus CO2 as the cause of climate change." Energy & Environment 28, no. 7 (July 28, 2017): 661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x17722790.

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Robust scientific evidence shows the sun angle controls water vapour content of the atmosphere, the main component of back radiation, as it cycles annually. Water vapour content measured as the ratio of the number of water molecules to CO2 molecules varies from 1:1 near the Poles to 97:1 in the Tropics. The effect of back radiation on Earth’s atmosphere is up to 200 times larger than that of CO2 and works in the opposite direction. Thus, if CO2 has any effect on atmospheric temperature and climate change we show it is negligible. Consequently, current government policies to control atmospheric temperature by limiting consumption of fossil fuels will have negligible effect. Measured data reported in IPCC report Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis ( AR5) indicate increased water vapour content of the atmosphere is the cause of the 0.5℃ temperature increase from the mid-1970s to 2011.

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Pashinov, E. V. "Space experiment "Convergence": retrieving of atmospheric water vapor profile using of artificial neural networks." Исследования Земли из Космоса, no. 6 (December 21, 2019): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0205-96142019613-25.

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The paper is carried out to the investigation of the possibility of retrieving absolute humidity profile of the atmosphere using an artificial neural network based on the modeling of radiometric data of the passive microwave complex MIRS, which is part of the scientific equipment of the space experiment "Convergence". The main approaches to the construction of artificial neural networks are considered. The process of modeling MIRSs radiometric data are described. Selection of optimal characteristics of the neural network is carried out. Necessity of the information about atmospheric temperature profile for the best accuracy in solving the inverse problem are shown. The advantages of using differential channels in the 22 GHz absorption band for the humidity profile retrieving are proved. The expected errors of the atmospheric humidity profile retrieving during the Convergence experiment at altitudes from 0 to 10 km are given.

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Williams, John L., and Reed M. Maxwell. "Propagating Subsurface Uncertainty to the Atmosphere Using Fully Coupled Stochastic Simulations." Journal of Hydrometeorology 12, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 690–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jhm1363.1.

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Abstract Feedbacks between the land surface and the atmosphere, manifested as mass and energy fluxes, are strongly correlated with soil moisture, making soil moisture an important factor in land–atmosphere interactions. It is shown that a reduction of the uncertainty in subsurface properties such as hydraulic conductivity (K) propagates into the atmosphere, resulting in a reduction in uncertainty in land–atmosphere feedbacks that yields more accurate atmospheric predictions. Using the fully coupled groundwater-to-atmosphere model ParFlow-WRF, which couples the hydrologic model ParFlow with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model, responses in land–atmosphere feedbacks and wind patterns due to subsurface heterogeneity are simulated. Ensembles are generated by varying the spatial location of subsurface properties while maintaining the global statistics and correlation structure. This approach is common to the hydrologic sciences but uncommon in atmospheric simulations where ensemble forecasts are commonly generated with perturbed initial conditions or multiple model parameterizations. It is clearly shown that different realizations of K produce variation in soil moisture, latent heat flux, and wind for both point and domain-averaged quantities. Using a single random field to represent a control case, varying amounts of K data are sampled and subsurface data are incorporated into conditional Monte Carlo ensembles to show that the difference between the ensemble mean prediction and the control saturation, latent heat flux, and wind speed are reduced significantly via conditioning of K. By reducing uncertainty associated with land–atmosphere feedback mechanisms, uncertainty is also reduced in both spatially distributed and domain-averaged wind speed magnitudes, thus improving the ability to make more accurate forecasts, which is important for many applications such as wind energy.

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