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Journal articles on the topic 'Atmospheric discharges. Telecommunication stations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Dariel, Arruda Rossi* Stéfano Frizzo Stefenon Patrick Lopes Hanzen Douglas Molter Ferreira. "ATMOSPHERIC DISCHARGE PROTECTION IN TELECOMMUNICATION STATIONS." Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management 4, no. 9 (2017): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.888557.

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This academic work presents as a central theme the importance that the protection equipment against atmospheric discharges has for telecommunication stations, it is a bibliographical research revision and the methodology is a qualitative research. The data was collected in scientific articles, books, dissertations, that deal with subjects related to the subject of this work. In addition, data collect, technical visits were made to telecommunication stations with the purpose of absorbing and inserting practical knowledge in this work. In the theoretical reference were addressed the subject, suc

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Gnjato, Slobodan, Tatjana Popov, Dragutin Adžić, Marko Ivanišević, Goran Trbić, and Davorin Bajić. "Influence of climate change on river discharges over the Sava River watershed in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Időjárás 125, no. 3 (2021): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28974/idojaras.2021.3.5.

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The paper examines changes in air temperature, precipitation, and river discharges on seasonal and annual scale over the Sava River watershed in Bosnia & Herzegovina during the period 1961–2016. Based upon data gathered from 11 meteorological stations and 3 hydrological stations, hydroclimatic variables trends were established by utilizing the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and the nonparametric Sen’s slope estimator. The results show significant positive seasonal and annual trends (expect for autumn, during which upward trends were insignificant) in air temperature, whereas both positive

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Mkrtchyan, Hripsime. "Study of Atmospheric Discharges by Near Surface Electric Field Measurements." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282301812010021.

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Background:In this work the disturbances of the near surface electric field are investigated, which are attributed to different types of atmospheric discharges: intracloud or cloud-to-ground.Method:The patterns of the lightning occurrences are discussed as measured by the network of the electric field mills located at the stations of Cosmic Ray Division of Yerevan Physics Institute. Discharges make changes in the near surface electric field, which can be separated into two groups. The differences of those two groups and shapes of the recovery curves are discussed using the data from electric f

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Rodger, C. J., J. B. Brundell, R. L. Dowden, and N. R. Thomson. "Location accuracy of long distance VLF lightning locationnetwork." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 3 (2004): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-747-2004.

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Abstract. An experimental VLF WorldWide Lightning Location (WWLL) network is being developed to provide realtime locations of cloud to ground lightning discharges occurring throughout the globe. This network has expanded from a limited number of stations in the Western Pacific to its current state of 11 stations, in most longitude sectors, with additional stations planned in the near future. As part of the initial testing phase of the WWLL the network has operated in a simple mode, sending the station trigger times into a central processing point rather than using the sferic Time of Group Arri

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Coquillat, Sylvain, Eric Defer, Pierre de Guibert, et al. "SAETTA: high-resolution 3-D mapping of the total lightning activity in the Mediterranean Basin over Corsica, with a focus on a mesoscale convective system event." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 11 (2019): 5765–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5765-2019.

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Abstract. Deployed on the mountainous island of Corsica for thunderstorm monitoring purposes in the Mediterranean Basin, SAETTA is a network of 12 LMA (Lightning Mapping Array, designed by New Mexico Tech, USA) stations that allows the 3-D mapping of very high-frequency (VHF) radiation emitted by cloud discharges in the 60–66 MHz band. It works at high temporal (∼40 ns in each 80 µs time window) and spatial (tens of meters at best) resolution within a range of about 350 km. Originally deployed in May 2014, SAETTA was commissioned during the summer and autumn seasons and has now been permanentl

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Chamié Filho, Ricardo H. T., Lorena F. P. Carvalho, Péricles L. Machado, and Rodrigo M. S. de Oliveira. "Analysis of voltages induced on power outlets due to atmospheric discharges on Radio Base Stations." Applied Mathematical Modelling 37, no. 9 (2013): 6530–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.01.012.

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RANALKAR, M. R., R. P. MISHRA, ANJIT ANJAN, and S. KRISHNAIAH. "Network of Automatic Weather Stations : Pseudo random burst sequence type." MAUSAM 63, no. 4 (2021): 587–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v63i4.412.

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A network of 125 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) has been set up by India Meteorological Department (IMD) during the year 2006-07 across India. Each station is configured to measure air temperature, hourly maximum temperature, hourly minimum temperature, relative humidity, station level pressure, hourly rainfall and cumulative rainfall for the day, Wind speed and Wind direction. In addition to these parameters, 25 stations provide data for global solar radiation and soil temperature. Five stations also provide soil moisture in addition to soil temperature. Each station transmits a data

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Shala, Albona, Fatbardh Sallaku, Agron Shala, and Shkëlzim Ukaj. "The effects of industrial and agricultural activity on the water quality of the Sitnica River (Kosovo)." Geoadria 20, no. 1 (2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.28.

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An important issue in Kosovo is water pollution. The use of polluted water has a direct impact on human health and cause long-term consequences. The longest and most polluted river in Kosovo is the Sitnica, a 90 km long river with its source located near the village of Sazli. The river flows into the Ibar River in Northern Kosovo. Agriculture is prevailing activity in the basin of Sitnica which is why agricultural as well as industrial waste are the biggest water pollutants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate water quality of the river and analyse the pollution level along the Sitnica R

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Антонов, А. А., Л. М. Журавлёва, С. C. Алиев, and М. А. Нилов. "Applications of atmospheric optical communication equipment." Автоматика, связь, информатика, no. 10(10) (October 3, 2024): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.62994/at.2024.10.10.005.

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В статье приведены сведения о новых беспроводных каналах передачи информации в инфракрасном диапазоне длин волн, область применения которых в последнее время значительно расширилась. Атмосферная оптическая связь (FSO) в отличие от радиосвязи обладает нечувствительностью к электромагнитным помехам, значительно более высокой скоростью передачи, простотой развертывания оборудования. Каналы FSO широко используются в телекоммуникационных сетях в качестве «моста» между вышками базовых станций, крышами зданий в локальных сетях корпораций, учреждений и др. Дана краткая характеристика компаний, занимаю

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Rodger, C. J., S. Werner, J. B. Brundell, et al. "Detection efficiency of the VLF World-Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN): initial case study." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 12 (2006): 3197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-3197-2006.

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Abstract. An experimental Very Low Frequency (VLF) World-Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) has been developed through collaborations with research institutions across the world, providing global real-time locations of lightning discharges. As of April 2006, the network included 25 stations providing coverage for much of the Earth. In this paper we examine the detection efficiency of the WWLLN by comparing the locations from this network with lightning location data purchased from a commercial lightning location network operating in New Zealand. Our analysis confirms that WWLLN favours hi

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Banchón, Carlos, Tamara Borodulina, Paola Posligua, and Miguel Gualoto. "Biostabilization of sewage sludge in the Antarctic." Antarctic Science 31, no. 4 (2019): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102019000221.

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Antarctica is no longer a pristine environment due to atmospheric pollution, fuel spills, inadequate waste management and wastewater discharges from anthropogenic activities (Harris 1998, Stark et al. 2015). Approximately 37% of the permanent stations and 69% of the summer stations lack any form of sewage treatment (Gröndahl et al. 2009). The characteristics of wastewater from stations are also of concern because they are a complex mix of contaminants containing human waste, cosmetics, viruses, dyes, detergents, medications, chemicals from laboratories and even microplastics (Bhardwaj et al. 2

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Tadić, Lidija, Enikő Anna Tamás, Melita Mihaljević, and Josip Janjić. "Potential Climate Impacts of Hydrological Alterations and Discharge Variabilities of the Mura, Drava, and Danube Rivers on the Natural Resources of the MDD UNESCO Biosphere Reserve." Climate 10, no. 10 (2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10100139.

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This study investigated hydrological alterations in the sections of the Mura, Drava, and Danube rivers, which together form a unique river landscape proclaimed by UNESCO as the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Mura, Drava, and Danube (TBR MDD). A coherent network of 12 major protected areas along the rivers highlights their ecological value, which could be endangered by climate change and consequent environmental changes. Statistical analyses, such as the homogeneity test, Mann–Kendall trend test of monthly and seasonal discharges, and empirical probabilities of daily discharges, were applied t

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De Vita, P., V. Allocca, F. Manna, and S. Fabbrocino. "Coupled decadal variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation, regional rainfall and karst spring discharges in the Campania region (southern Italy)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 5 (2012): 1389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1389-2012.

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Abstract. Thus far, studies on climate change have focused mainly on the variability of the atmospheric and surface components of the hydrologic cycle, investigating the impact of this variability on the environment, especially with respect to the risks of desertification, droughts and floods. Conversely, the impacts of climate change on the recharge of aquifers and on the variability of groundwater flow have been less investigated, especially in Mediterranean karst areas whose water supply systems depend heavily upon groundwater exploitation. In this paper, long-term climatic variability and

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Casacuberta, N., P. Masqué, J. Garcia-Orellana, R. Garcia-Tenorio, and K. O. Buesseler. "<sup>90</sup>Sr and <sup>89</sup>Sr in seawater off Japan as a consequence of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident." Biogeosciences 10, no. 6 (2013): 3649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3649-2013.

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Abstract. The impact of the earthquake and tsunami on the east coast of Japan on 11 March 2011 caused a loss of power at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (NPP) that resulted in one of the most important releases of artificial radioactivity into the environment. Although several works were devoted to evaluating the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides, the impact of the discharges to the ocean has been less investigated. Here we evaluate the distribution of Fukushima-derived 90Sr (n = 57) and 89Sr (n = 19) throughout waters 30–600 km offshore in June 2011. Concentrations of 90Sr an

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Casacuberta, N., P. Masqué, J. Garcia-Orellana, R. Garcia-Tenorio, and K. O. Buesseler. "<sup>90</sup>Sr and <sup>89</sup>Sr in seawater off Japan as a consequence of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (2013): 2039–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-2039-2013.

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Abstract. The impact of the earthquake and tsunami in the east coast of Japan in 11 March 2011 caused a loss of power at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) that resulted in one of the most important releases of artificial radioactivity to the environment. Although several works were devoted to evaluate the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides, the impact of the discharges to the ocean has been less investigated. Here we evaluate the distribution of Fukushima-derived 90Sr and 89Sr throughout waters 30–600 km offshore in June 2011. Concentrations of 90Sr and 89Sr in both surface

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Decharme, B., H. Douville, A. Boone, F. Habets, and J. Noilhan. "Impact of an Exponential Profile of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity within the ISBA LSM: Simulations over the Rhône Basin." Journal of Hydrometeorology 7, no. 1 (2006): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm469.1.

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Abstract This study focuses on the influence of an exponential profile of saturated hydraulic conductivity, ksat, with soil depth on the water budget simulated by the Interaction Soil Biosphere Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model over the French Rhône River basin. With this exponential profile, the saturated hydraulic conductivity at the surface increases by approximately a factor of 10, and its mean value increases in the root zone and decreases in the deeper region of the soil in comparison with the values given by Clapp and Hornberger. This new version of ISBA is compared to the original v

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Fisher, Thomas R., Rebecca J. Fox, Anne B. Gustafson, Erika Koontz, Michelle Lepori-Bui, and James Lewis. "Localized Water Quality Improvement in the Choptank Estuary, a Tributary of Chesapeake Bay." Estuaries and Coasts 44, no. 5 (2021): 1274–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00872-4.

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AbstractChesapeake Bay has a long history of nutrient pollution resulting in degraded water quality. However, we report improvements in chlorophyll a in surface waters and dissolved oxygen in bottom waters at one of three estuarine stations in the Choptank tributary of Chesapeake Bay. We updated a previous nutrient budget for the estuary constructed for reference year 1998 using rates of atmospheric deposition, inputs of watershed diffuse sources (primarily agriculture), and discharges of point sources (primarily human waste) for reference year 2017. Parallel trends suggest that improvements i

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Bourscheidt, Vandoir, Kenneth L. Cummins, Osmar Pinto, and Kleber P. Naccarato. "Methods to Overcome Lightning Location System Performance Limitations on Spatial and Temporal Analysis: Brazilian Case." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 29, no. 9 (2012): 1304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-11-00213.1.

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Abstract One of the most interesting attributes of Lightning Location Systems (LLSs) data is that they can be analyzed in several ways according to the objectives of the study. However, the quality of the data is governed by the system performance and has some limitations when analyzed at different temporal/spatial scales, and these limitations will depend on the analysis method. This work focuses on approaches to minimize the variations associated with LLS performance. In this way, specific network configurations for the Brazilian Lightning Detection Network (BLDN) were obtained through the r

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Lang, Timothy J., Eldo E. Ávila, Richard J. Blakeslee, et al. "The RELAMPAGO Lightning Mapping Array: Overview and Initial Comparison with the Geostationary Lightning Mapper." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 37, no. 8 (2020): 1457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-20-0005.1.

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AbstractDuring November 2018–April 2019, an 11-station very high frequency (VHF) Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) was deployed to Córdoba Province, Argentina. The purpose of the LMA was validation of the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), but the deployment was coordinated with two field campaigns. The LMA observed 2.9 million flashes (≥ five sources) during 163 days, and level-1 (VHF locations), level-2 (flashes classified), and level-3 (gridded products) datasets have been made public. The network’s performance allows scientifically useful analysis within 100 km when at least seven stations

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Yatagai, Akiyo, Kenji Kamiguchi, Osamu Arakawa, Atsushi Hamada, Natsuko Yasutomi, and Akio Kitoh. "APHRODITE: Constructing a Long-Term Daily Gridded Precipitation Dataset for Asia Based on a Dense Network of Rain Gauges." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93, no. 9 (2012): 1401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00122.1.

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A daily gridded precipitation dataset covering a period of more than 57 yr was created by collecting and analyzing rain gauge observation data across Asia through the activities of the Asian Precipitation—Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE) project. APHRODITE's daily gridded precipitation is presently the only long-term, continental-scale, high-resolution daily product. The product is based on data collected at 5,000–12,000 stations, which represent 2.3–4.5 times the data made available through the Global Telecommunication System net

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Mass, Clifford, Adam Skalenakis, and Michael Warner. "Extreme Precipitation over the West Coast of North America: Is There a Trend?" Journal of Hydrometeorology 12, no. 2 (2011): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1341.1.

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Abstract Heavy precipitation and the resulting flooding are the most serious weather-related hazards over the west coast of North America. This paper analyzes the trends in heavy precipitation for the period 1950–2009 by examining the decadal distributions of the top 60, 40, and 20 two-day precipitation events for a collection of stations along the coastal zone of the United States and British Columbia, as well as the decadal distribution of maximum daily discharge for unregulated rivers from northern California to Washington State. During the past 60 years there has been a modest increase in

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Cai, Li, Xin Zou, Jianguo Wang, Quanxin Li, Mi Zhou, and Yadong Fan. "The Foshan Total Lightning Location System in China and Its Initial Operation Results." Atmosphere 10, no. 3 (2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10030149.

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In the summer of 2013, a three-dimensional (3D)-based Foshan Total Lightning Location System (FTLLS), embedded with differential time of arrival (DTOA) techniques, was installed and started its operation in Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. In this paper, the geographical distribution and set-up information of FTLLS, the estimated locating errors and locating results, as well as its initial operation results are presented. FTLLS consists of nine sub-stations that receive electromagnetic waves associated with lightning discharges and locates VLF/LF (200 Hz–500 kHz) radiation sources in 3D. The

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Bailey, Adriana, Thomas N. Chase, John J. Cassano, and David Noone. "Changing Temperature Inversion Characteristics in the U.S. Southwest and Relationships to Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 6 (2011): 1307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jamc2584.1.

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AbstractContinental temperature inversions significantly influence air quality, yet little is known about their variability in frequency and intensity with time or sensitivity to dynamical changes with climate. Inversion statistics for six upper-air stations in the American Southwest are derived for the period 1994–2008 from radiosonde data reported by the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) and National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), which use different significant level standards. GTS data indicate that low-level elevated inversions have increased in frequency at four of six sites, consisten

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Lawal, Yusuf Babatunde, Pius Adewale Owolawi, Chunling Tu, Etienne Van Wyk, and Joseph Sunday Ojo. "The Kernel Density Estimation Technique for Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Mapping of Rain Heights over South Africa: The Effects on Rain-Induced Attenuation." Atmosphere 15, no. 11 (2024): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111354.

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The devastating effects of rain-induced attenuation on communication links operating above 10 GHz during rainy events can significantly degrade signal quality, leading to interruptions in service and reduced data throughput. Understanding the spatial and seasonal distribution of rain heights is crucial for predicting these attenuation effects and for network performance optimization. This study utilized ten years of atmospheric temperature and geopotential height data at seven pressure levels (1000, 850, 700, 500, 300, 200, and 100 hPa) obtained from the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS) to

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Chaitanya, A. V. S., M. Lengaigne, J. Vialard, et al. "Salinity Measurements Collected by Fishermen Reveal a “River in the Sea” Flowing Along the Eastern Coast of India." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 95, no. 12 (2014): 1897–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00243.1.

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Being the only tropical ocean bounded by a continent to the north, the Indian Ocean is home to the most powerful monsoon system on Earth. Monsoonal rains and winds induce huge river discharges and strong coastal currents in the northern Bay of Bengal. To date, the paucity of salinity data has prevented a thorough description of the spreading of this freshwater into the bay. The potential impact of the salinity on cyclones and regional climate in the Bay of Bengal is, however, a strong incentive for a better description of the water cycle in this region. Since May 2005, the National Institute o

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Wang, Fuxing, Jan Polcher, Philippe Peylin, and Vladislav Bastrikov. "Assimilation of river discharge in a land surface model to improve estimates of the continental water cycles." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 7 (2018): 3863–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3863-2018.

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Abstract. River discharge plays an important role in earth's water cycle, but it is difficult to estimate due to un-gauged rivers, human activities and measurement errors. One approach is based on the observed flux and a simple annual water balance model (ignoring human processes) for un-gauged rivers, but it only provides annual mean values which is insufficient for oceanic modelings. Another way is by forcing a land surface model (LSM) with atmospheric conditions. It provides daily values but with uncertainties associated with the models. We use data assimilation techniques by merging the mo

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De Vita, P., V. Allocca, F. Manna, and S. Fabbrocino. "Coupled decadal variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation, regional rainfall and spring discharges in the Campania region (Southern Italy)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 6 (2011): 11233–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-11233-2011.

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Abstract. Climate change is one of the issues most debated by the scientific community with a special focus to the combined effects of anthropogenic modifications of the atmosphere and the natural climatic cycles. Various scenarios have been formulated in order to forecast the global atmospheric circulation and consequently the variability of the global distribution of air temperature and rainfall. The effects of climate change have been analysed with respect to the risks of desertification, droughts and floods, remaining mainly limited to the atmospheric and surface components of the hydrolog

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Getirana, Augusto C. V., Aaron Boone, Dai Yamazaki, Bertrand Decharme, Fabrice Papa, and Nelly Mognard. "The Hydrological Modeling and Analysis Platform (HyMAP): Evaluation in the Amazon Basin." Journal of Hydrometeorology 13, no. 6 (2012): 1641–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-021.1.

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Abstract Recent advances in global flow routing schemes have shown the importance of using high-resolution topography for representing floodplain inundation dynamics more reliably. This study presents and evaluates the Hydrological Modeling and Analysis Platform (HyMAP), which is a global flow routing scheme specifically designed to bridge the gap between current state-of-the-art global flow routing schemes by combining their main features and introducing new features to better capture floodplain dynamics. The ultimate goals of HyMAP are to provide the scientific community with a novel scheme

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Ladan, Muhammad, Oyedum David, Jibrin Yabagi, et al. "Study of Seasonal Surface Refractivity over North-Central Nigeria." Physics Access 01, no. 02 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47514/phyaccess.2020.1.2.002.

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Tropospheric radio wave signals experience loss due to multipath effect, scattering and other forms of attenuation through the atmospheric medium, primarily due to variations in weather conditions with time. The knowledge of surface refractivity profile is important for optimal planning of Very High Frequency/Ultra High Frequency (VHF/UHF) terrestrial radio links in a region. The study of surface refractivity (Ns) over the North-Central Nigeria was carried out using meteorological data from seven locations in North-Central zone of Nigeria. The seasonal variations of Ns were also derived using

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Jacobson, Abram R., Robert Holzworth, Jeremiah Harlin, Richard Dowden, and Erin Lay. "Performance Assessment of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), Using the Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA) as Ground Truth." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23, no. 8 (2006): 1082–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1902.1.

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Abstract The World Wide Lighting Location Network (WWLLN) locates lightning globally, using sparsely distributed very low frequency (VLF) detection stations. Due to WWLLN’s detection at VLF (in this case ∼10 kHz), the lightning signals from strong strokes can propagate up to ∼104 km to WWLLN sensors and still be suitable for triggering a station. A systematic evaluation of the performance of WWLLN is undertaken, using a higher-frequency (0–500 kHz) detection array [the Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA)] as a ground truth during an entire thunderstorm season in a geographically confined case study

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Liu, Hengyi, Shi Qiu, and Wansheng Dong. "The Three-Dimensional Locating of VHF Broadband Lightning Interferometers." Atmosphere 9, no. 8 (2018): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9080317.

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VHF (Very High Frequency) lightning interferometers can locate and observe lightning discharges with a high time resolution. Especially the appearance of continuous interferometers makes the 2-D location of interferometers further improve in time resolution and completeness. However, there is uncertainty in the conclusion obtained by simply analyzing the 2-D locating information. Without the support of other 3-D total lightning locating networks, the 2-station interferometer becomes an option to obtain 3-D information. This paper introduces a 3-D lightning location method of a 2-station broadb

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Gavin, Daniel G., Patrick J. Bartlein, and Cary J. Mock. "Historical archives reveal record rainfall and severe flooding in December 1867 resulting from an atmospheric river and snowmelt, western Washington, USA." PLOS Climate 2, no. 12 (2023): e0000324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000324.

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The flooding of 1861-1862 in California and Oregon is the most severe flood event documented in the far western USA and stands as a benchmark for a worst-case atmospheric-river flooding event. In western Washington, historical data are sparser, and 19th-century flood events have consequently not been well documented. We found that rainfall observations from five locations spanning western Washington had no detectable bias when compared to nearby 20th and 21st-century comparator stations. Time series of the four-day precipitation sum revealed an event in December 1867 that was greater than any

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Artinyan, E., F. Habets, J. Noilhan, et al. "Modelling the water budget and the riverflows of the Maritsa basin in Bulgaria." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 2 (2007): 475–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-475-2007.

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Abstract. A soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer model coupled with a macroscale distributed hydrological model was used in order to simulate the water cycle for a large region in Bulgaria. To do so, an atmospheric forcing was built for two hydrological years (1 October 1995 to 30 September 1997), at an eight km resolution. It was based on the data available at the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH) of Bulgaria. Atmospheric parameters were carefully checked and interpolated with a high level of detail in space and time (3-h step). Comparing computed Penman evapotranspiration

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Ahmed, Roxanne, Terry Prowse, Yonas Dibike, and Barrie Bonsal. "Effects of Climatic Drivers and Teleconnections on Late 20th Century Trends in Spring Freshet of Four Major Arctic-Draining Rivers." Water 13, no. 2 (2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020179.

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Spring freshet is the dominant annual discharge event in all major Arctic draining rivers with large contributions to freshwater inflow to the Arctic Ocean. Research has shown that the total freshwater influx to the Arctic Ocean has been increasing, while at the same time, the rate of change in the Arctic climate is significantly higher than in other parts of the globe. This study assesses the large-scale atmospheric and surface climatic conditions affecting the magnitude, timing and regional variability of the spring freshets by analyzing historic daily discharges from sub-basins within the f

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Le, Thi Phuong Quynh, Cyril Marchand, Cuong Tu Ho, et al. "CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressure and CO<sub>2</sub> emission along the lower Red River (Vietnam)." Biogeosciences 15, no. 15 (2018): 4799–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4799-2018.

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Abstract. The Red River (Vietnam) is representative of a south-east Asian river system, strongly affected by climate and human activities. This study aims to quantify the spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 partial pressure and CO2 emissions of the lower Red River system. Water quality monitoring and riverine pCO2 measurements were carried out for 24 h at five stations distributed along the lower Red River system during the dry and the wet seasons. The riverine pCO2 was supersaturated relative to the atmospheric equilibrium (400 ppm), averaging about 1589±43 ppm and resulting in a water–ai

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Artinyan, E., F. Habets, J. Noilhan, et al. "Modelling the water budget and the riverflows of the Maritsa basin in Bulgaria." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 1 (2008): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-21-2008.

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Abstract. A soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer model coupled with a macroscale distributed hydrological model was used to simulate the water cycle for a large region in Bulgaria. To do so, an atmospheric forcing was built for two hydrological years (1 October 1995 to 30 September 1997), at an eight km resolution. The impact of the human activities on the rivers (especially hydropower or irrigation) was taken into account. An improvement of the hydrometeorological model was made: for better simulation of summer riverflow, two additional reservoirs were added to simulate the slow component of t

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Lobodzinskyi, O., and K. Danko. "DETERMINATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE HORYN RIVER BASIN RIVERS FEEDING TYPES CHANGES." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 2 (68) (2023): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2023.2.4.

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Using the Horyn River Basin rivers as an example the hydrograph separation algorithm was defined. The results of calculating different river feeding types values were given in the paper. Also, were analyzed their long-term dynamics. Ukrainian rivers are characterized by snow, rain, and ground (soil and underground) types of rivers feeding. The amount of snow and rain rivers feeding is determined by taking into account the characteristics of atmospheric precipitation and their correlation with water runoff characteristics. In the paper, the ground rivers feeding amount, in particular undergroun

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Wakeford, Richard. "The risk of leukaemia in young children from exposure to tritium and carbon-14 in the discharges of German nuclear power stations and in the fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing." Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 53, no. 2 (2014): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00411-014-0516-y.

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Amajama, Joseph, Emmanuel N. Asagha, Ogri J. Ushie, et al. "Radio Refractivity Impact on Signal Strength of Mobile Communication." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2023 (October 31, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3052241.

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This research investigated radio refractivity impact on signal strength of mobile communication. The mobile communication signal strengths of two popular networks in Nigeria, 9Mobile and MTN, were considered. In the 2100 MHz-3 G band, 9Mobile transmits in the downlink spectrum of 2130.00–2140.00 MHz, while MTN transmits in the downlink spectrum of 2110.00–2120.00 MHz. Also, 9Mobile transmits in the downlink spectrum of 791–821 MHz in the 800 MHz band and 1805–1880 MHz in the 1800 MHz, while MTN transmits in the downlink spectrums of 2620–2690 MHz in the 2600 MHz band; all in the 4 G band. Usin

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Oros, Andra, Valentina Coatu, Nicoleta Damir, Diana Danilov, and Elena Ristea. "Recent Findings on the Pollution Levels in the Romanian Black Sea Ecosystem: Implications for Achieving Good Environmental Status (GES) Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Directive 2008/56/EC)." Sustainability 16, no. 22 (2024): 9785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16229785.

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This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of contamination levels in the Romanian Black Sea within the framework of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Over the course of five oceanographic expeditions between 2020 and 2022, data were gathered from 70 stations in transitional, coastal, shelf, and offshore waters of the Black Sea. Analyses were conducted on water, sediment, and biota samples for key contaminants: heavy metals (HMs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated b

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Gorishnya, Yu. "OBSERVATION OF TWEEK-ATMOSPHERICS AFTER SOLAR FLARES AT THE "AKADEMIK VERNADSKY" UKRAINIAN ANTARCTIC STATION." Sciences of Europe, no. 128 (November 8, 2023): 72–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081935.

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Tweek-atmospherics (tweeks), along with radio transmission by VLF radio stations, are used to study the lower ionosphere. Electromagnetic pulse radiation, which has been excited by the lightning discharges, has a maximum spectral density at extra low frequencies range (ELF, 300...3000 Hz) and very low frequencies (VLF, 3...30 kHz). The Earth-ionosphere cavity serves as a waveguide for electromagnetic waves in these frequency ranges. On the spectrogram of the tweek, the initial part is a linearly polarized broadband signal, and then a number of individual harmonics are observed. Their instantan

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Gulliver, P., G. T. Cook, A. B. MacKenzie, P. Naysmith, and R. Anderson. "Sources of Anthropogenic 14C to the North Sea." Radiocarbon 46, no. 2 (2004): 869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200035906.

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The Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessing plant on the northwest coast of England is the largest source of anthropogenic radiocarbon to the UK coastal environment. In a mid-1990s study of 14C distribution around the UK coast, the pattern of dilution with increasing distance from Sellafield appeared to be perturbed by anomalously high 14C activities in marine biota in the coastal environment of northeast England. This present study was undertaken during 1998 and 1999 to determine whether this 14C enhancement was due to Sellafield or the nuclear power plants on the east coast. Seawater, seaweed (

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Rodger, C. J., J. B. Brundell, and R. L. Dowden. "Location accuracy of VLF World-Wide Lightning Location (WWLL) network: Post-algorithm upgrade." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 2 (2005): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-277-2005.

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Abstract. An experimental VLF World-Wide Lightning Location (WWLL) network has been developed through collaborations with research institutions across the globe. The aim of the WWLL is to provide global real-time locations of lightning discharges, with >50% CG flash detection efficiency and mean location accuracy of <10km. While these goals are essentially arbitrary, they do define a point where the WWLL network development can be judged a success, providing a breakpoint for a more stable operational mode. The current network includes 18 stations which cover much of the globe. As part of

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Quintana-Seguí, P., F. Habets, and E. Martin. "Comparison of past and future Mediterranean high and low extremes of precipitation and river flow projected using different statistical downscaling methods." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 5 (2011): 1411–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1411-2011.

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Abstract. The extremes of precipitation and river flow obtained using three different statistical downscaling methods applied to the same regional climate simulation have been compared. The methods compared are the anomaly method, quantile mapping and a weather typing. The hydrological model used in the study is distributed and it is applied to the Mediterranean basins of France. The study shows that both quantile mapping and weather typing methods are able to reproduce the high and low precipitation extremes in the region of interest. The study also shows that when the hydrological model is f

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Cossa, Daniel, and Anne-Marie Tabard. "Mercury in Marine Mussels from the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf (Canada): A Mussel Watch Survey Revisited after 40 Years." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217556.

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Various species of marine mussels have been used, in the last 50 years, as sentinel organisms for monitoring metal contamination along marine coasts. There are two main reasons for this: these mollusks concentrate metals in their soft tissue and they are geographically widespread. In practice, trace metal concentrations in mussel soft tissue reveal (after some correction for biotic effects) the contamination level of their surrounding environment. We present the results of a mercury (Hg) survey in Mytilus spp. collected in the summers of 2016, 2018, and 2019 at 51 stations distributed along th

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Khalat, Abdurazag Mohamed, Rabia A. M. Yahya, and Azab Elsayed Azab. "Electromagnetic Fields: Insight into Sources, and Their Effects on Vital Organs and the Risk of Cancer." SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 4, no. 03 (2023): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2023.v04i03.001.

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Background: Electromagnetic radiation has become an extensive new pollution source in modern civilization. Therefore, the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation have attracted considerable attention worldwide. Objectives: The current review was aimed to highlight on sources of electromagnetic fields and their effects on vital organs and the risk of cancer. Electromagnetic sources can be classified into natural electromagnetic sources (sun, some distant stars, atmospheric discharges like thunder, or human body) and unnatural or human made sources (printers, vacuum cleaners, cellular ph

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Gorishnya, Yulia, and Alisa Shvets. "Correlational Analysis of the ELF – VLF Nighttime Atmospherics Parameters." Ukrainian journal of remote sensing 9, no. 4 (2022): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36023/ujrs.2022.9.4.218.

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Tweek-atmospherics (tweeks), along with radio transmission by VLF radio stations, are used to study the lower ionosphere. Electromagnetic pulse radiation, which has been excited by the lightning discharges, has a maximum spectral density at extra low frequencies range (ELF, 300...3000 Hz) and very low frequencies (VLF, 3...30 kHz). The Earth-ionosphere cavity serves as a waveguide for electromagnetic waves in these frequency ranges. On the spectrogram of the tweek, the initial part is a linearly polarized broadband signal, and then a number of individual harmonics are observed. Their instantan

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Carpenter, Chris. "Process Reduces Carbon Emissions From Natural Gas Compression and Production." Journal of Petroleum Technology 76, no. 04 (2024): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0424-0070-jpt.

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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 214974,“New Technology Reduces Carbon Emissions From Natural Gas Compression and Production Facilities,” by John Guoynes, SPE, David Stiles, SPE, and Cory Vail, Axip Energy Services, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ A chemical-free process has been developed to capture exhaust from natural gas drive compressors and supporting gas-fueled production equipment while featuring a small footprint. The process separates CO2 and nitrogen from exhaust, allowing the CO2 to be discharged at hi

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Drazen, Jeffrey, Craig Smith, Kristina Gjerde, et al. "Report of the workshop Evaluating the nature of midwater mining plumes and their potential effects on midwater ecosystems." Research Ideas and Outcomes 5 (February 6, 2019): e33527. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e33527.

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The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is developing regulations to control the future exploitation of deep-sea mineral resources including sulphide deposits near hydrothermal vents, polymetallic nodules on the abyssal seafloor, and cobalt crusts on seamounts. Under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea the ISA is required to adopt are taking measures to ensure the effective protection of the marine environment from harmful effects arising from mining-related activities. Contractors are required to generate environmental baselines and assess the potential environmental consequences of deep

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Misztal, Kamil, and Marcin Siłuch. "Spatial analysis of atmospheric discharges in Lubelszczyzna in 2018." Applied Geomatics, May 11, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12518-021-00378-z.

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AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyse lightning discharges over the Lublin region in 2018 using GIS tools. The methods and systems for detection and location of lightning discharges were presented. The impact of terrain coverage, height above sea level, and location of transceiver stations of mobile operators on the occurrence of discharges was shown. The study provides knowledge of theoretically safer areas and those particularly vulnerable to lightning strikes. Additionally, statistics related to lightning discharges over the Lublin region in 2018 were presented. The analyses were carr

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