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Journal articles on the topic 'Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Sherwood, S. C., and C. L. Meyer. "The General Circulation and Robust Relative Humidity." Journal of Climate 19, no. 24 (2006): 6278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3979.1.

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Abstract The sensitivity of free-tropospheric relative humidity to cloud microphysics and dynamics is explored using a simple 2D humidity model and various configurations of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). In one configuration the imposed surface temperatures and radiative perturbations effectively eliminated the Hadley and Walker circulations and the main westerly jet, creating instead a homogeneous “boiling kettle” world in low and midlatitudes. A similarly homogeneous state was crea

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2

Kumar, Arun, Qin Zhang, Peitao Peng, and Bhaskar Jha. "SST-Forced Atmospheric Variability in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model." Journal of Climate 18, no. 19 (2005): 3953–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3483.1.

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Abstract From ensembles of 80 AGCM simulations for every December–January–February (DJF) seasonal mean in the 1980–2000 period, interannual variability in atmospheric response to interannual variations in observed sea surface temperature (SST) is analyzed. A unique facet of this study is the use of large ensemble size that allows identification of the atmospheric response to SSTs for each DJF in the analysis period. The motivation of this study was to explore what atmospheric response patterns beyond the canonical response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) SST anomalies exist, and to whic

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3

Paek, Houk, Jin-Yi Yu, Jyh-Wen Hwu, Mong-Ming Lu, and Tao Gao. "A Source of AGCM Bias in Simulating the Western Pacific Subtropical High: Different Sensitivities to the Two Types of ENSO." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 6 (2015): 2348–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00401.1.

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Abstract This study reveals a possible cause of model bias in simulating the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) variability via an examination of an Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulation produced by the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at Taiwan’s Central Weather Bureau (CWB). During boreal summer, the model overestimates the quasi-biennial (2–3 yr) band of WPSH variability but underestimates the low-frequency (3–5 yr) band of variability. The overestimation of the quasi-biennial WPSH sensitivity is found to be due to the model’s stronger sensit

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4

Molod, A., L. Takacs, M. Suarez, and J. Bacmeister. "Development of the GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model: evolution from MERRA to MERRA2." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 5 (2015): 1339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1339-2015.

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Abstract. The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications-2 (MERRA2) version of the Goddard Earth Observing System-5 (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is currently in use in the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at a wide range of resolutions for a variety of applications. Details of the changes in parameterizations subsequent to the version in the original MERRA reanalysis are presented here. Results of a series of atmosphere-only sensitivity studies are shown to demonstrate changes in simulated climate associated with specific changes

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5

Molod, A., L. Takacs, M. Suarez, and J. Bacmeister. "Development of the GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model: evolution from MERRA to MERRA2." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 6 (2014): 7575–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-7575-2014.

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Abstract. The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications-2 (MERRA2) version of the GEOS-5 Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) is currently in use in the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at a wide range of resolutions for a variety of applications. Details of the changes in parameterizations subsequent to the version in the original MERRA reanalysis are presented here. Results of a series of atmosphere-only sensitivity studies are shown to demonstrate changes in simulated climate associated with specific changes in physical parameterizations, and

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6

Krinner, Gerhard, Chloé Largeron, Martin Ménégoz, Cécile Agosta, and Claire Brutel-Vuilmet. "Oceanic Forcing of Antarctic Climate Change: A Study Using a Stretched-Grid Atmospheric General Circulation Model." Journal of Climate 27, no. 15 (2014): 5786–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00367.1.

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Abstract A variable-resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is used for climate change projections over the Antarctic. The present-day simulation uses prescribed observed sea surface conditions, while a set of five simulations for the end of the twenty-first century (2070–99) under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario uses sea surface condition anomalies from selected coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models from phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). Analysis of the results shows that the prescribed sea surface condition anomalies

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7

Misra, Vasubandhu, L. Marx, M. Brunke, and X. Zeng. "The Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue Bias in a Coupled Climate Model." Journal of Climate 21, no. 22 (2008): 5852–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2205.1.

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Abstract A set of multidecadal coupled ocean–atmosphere model integrations are conducted with different time steps for coupling between the atmosphere and the ocean. It is shown that the mean state of the equatorial Pacific does not change in a statistically significant manner when the coupling interval between the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and the ocean general circulation model (OGCM) is changed from 1 day to 2 or even 3 days. It is argued that because the coarse resolution of the AGCM precludes resolving realistic “weather” events, changing the coupling interval from 1 da

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8

Nobre, Paulo, Roberto A. De Almeida, Marta Malagutti, and Emanuel Giarolla. "Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Variations over the South Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Climate 25, no. 18 (2012): 6349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00444.1.

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Abstract The impact of ocean–atmosphere interactions on summer rainfall over the South Atlantic Ocean is explored through the use of coupled ocean–atmosphere models. The Brazilian Center for Weather Forecast and Climate Studies (CPTEC) coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model (CGCM) and its atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) are used to gauge the role of coupled modes of variability of the climate system over the South Atlantic at seasonal time scales. Twenty-six years of summer [December–February (DJF)] simulations were done with the CGCM in ensemble mode and the AGCM forc

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9

Nobre, Paulo, Marta Malagutti, Domingos F. Urbano, Roberto A. F. de Almeida, and Emanuel Giarolla. "Amazon Deforestation and Climate Change in a Coupled Model Simulation." Journal of Climate 22, no. 21 (2009): 5686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2757.1.

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Abstract The effects of Amazon deforestation on climate change are investigated using twin numerical experiments of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with prescribed global sea surface temperature and the same AGCM coupled to an ocean GCM (CGCM) over the global tropics. An ensemble approach is adopted, with 10-member ensemble averages of a control simulation compared with perturbed simulations for three scenarios of Amazon deforestation. The latest 20 yr of simulation from each experiment are analyzed. Local surface warming and rainfall reduction are simulated by both models over

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10

Konor, Celal S., Gabriel Cazes Boezio, Carlos R. Mechoso, and Akio Arakawa. "Parameterization of PBL Processes in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model: Description and Preliminary Assessment." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 3 (2009): 1061–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2464.1.

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Abstract This paper presents the basic features of a newly developed planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization, and the performance assessment of a version of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) to which the parameterization is incorporated. The UCLA AGCM traditionally uses a framework in which a sigma-type vertical coordinate for the PBL shares a coordinate surface with the free atmosphere at the PBL top. This framework facilitates an explicit representation of processes concentrated near the PBL top, which is crucially importan

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11

Koster, Randal D., Yehui Chang, Hailan Wang, and Siegfried D. Schubert. "Impacts of Local Soil Moisture Anomalies on the Atmospheric Circulation and on Remote Surface Meteorological Fields during Boreal Summer: A Comprehensive Analysis over North America." Journal of Climate 29, no. 20 (2016): 7345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0192.1.

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Abstract A series of stationary wave model (SWM) experiments are performed in which the boreal summer atmosphere is forced, over a number of locations in the continental United States, with an idealized diabatic heating anomaly that mimics the atmospheric heating associated with a dry land surface. For localized heating within a large portion of the continental interior, regardless of the specific location of this heating, the spatial pattern of the forced atmospheric circulation anomaly (in terms of 250-hPa eddy streamfunction) is largely the same: a high anomaly forms over west-central North

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12

Wu, Renguang, Ben P. Kirtman, and Kathy Pegion. "Local Air–Sea Relationship in Observations and Model Simulations." Journal of Climate 19, no. 19 (2006): 4914–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3904.1.

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Abstract The present study compares the local simultaneous correlation between rainfall–evaporation and sea surface temperature (SST)–SST tendency among observations, coupled general circulation model (CGCM) simulations, and stand-alone atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations. The purpose is to demonstrate to what extent the model simulations can reproduce the observed air–sea relationship. While the model-simulated correlation agrees with the observations in the tropical eastern Pacific, large discrepancies are found in the subtropics, midlatitudes, and tropical Indo-western

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13

Tseng, Wan-Ling, Huang-Hsiung Hsu, Yung-Yao Lan, et al. "Improving Madden–Julian oscillation simulation in atmospheric general circulation models by coupling with a one-dimensional snow–ice–thermocline ocean model." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 14 (2022): 5529–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5529-2022.

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Abstract. A one-column, turbulent, and kinetic-energy-type ocean mixed-layer model (snow–ice–thermocline, SIT), when coupled with three atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs), yields superior Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) simulations. SIT is designed to have fine layers similar to those observed near the ocean surface; therefore, it can realistically simulate the diurnal warm layer and cool skin. This refined discretization of the near-surface ocean in SIT provides accurate sea surface temperature (SST) simulation, and thus facilitates realistic air–sea interaction. Coupling SIT with

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14

Flato, Gregory M., and David Ramsden. "Sensitivity of an atmospheric general circulation model to the parameterization of leads in sea ice." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500013859.

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Open-water leads in sea ice dominate the exchange of heat between the ocean and atmosphere in ice-covered regions, and so must be included in climate models. A parameterization of leads used in one such model is compared to observations and the results of a detailed Arctic sea-ice model. Such comparisons, however, are hampered by the errors in observed lead fraction, but the parameterization appears to compare better in winter than in summer. Simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), using prescribed sea-surface temperatures and ice extent, are used to illustrate the ef

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15

Flato, Gregory M., and David Ramsden. "Sensitivity of an atmospheric general circulation model to the parameterization of leads in sea ice." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500013859.

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Open-water leads in sea ice dominate the exchange of heat between the ocean and atmosphere in ice-covered regions, and so must be included in climate models. A parameterization of leads used in one such model is compared to observations and the results of a detailed Arctic sea-ice model. Such comparisons, however, are hampered by the errors in observed lead fraction, but the parameterization appears to compare better in winter than in summer. Simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), using prescribed sea-surface temperatures and ice extent, are used to illustrate the ef

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16

Lu, Xiao, Lin Zhang, Tongwen Wu, et al. "Development of the global atmospheric chemistry general circulation model BCC-GEOS-Chem v1.0: model description and evaluation." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 9 (2020): 3817–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3817-2020.

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Abstract. Chemistry plays an indispensable role in investigations of the atmosphere; however, many climate models either ignore or greatly simplify atmospheric chemistry, limiting both their accuracy and their scope. We present the development and evaluation of the online global atmospheric chemical model BCC-GEOS-Chem v1.0, coupling the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) as an atmospheric chemistry component in the Beijing Climate Center atmospheric general circulation model (BCC-AGCM). The GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry component includes detailed tropospheric HOx–NOx–volatile organic

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17

Maroon, Elizabeth A., Dargan M. W. Frierson, Sarah M. Kang, and Jacob Scheff. "The Precipitation Response to an Idealized Subtropical Continent." Journal of Climate 29, no. 12 (2016): 4543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0616.1.

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Abstract A subtropical continent is added to two aquaplanet atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) to better understand the influence of land on tropical circulation and precipitation. The first model, the gray-radiation moist (GRaM) AGCM, has simplified physics, while the second model, the GFDL Atmospheric Model version 2.1 (AM2.1), is a fully comprehensive AGCM. Both models have a continent that is 60° wide in longitude from 10° to 30°N, in an otherwise slab-ocean-covered world. The precipitation response varies with cloudy- and clear-sky feedbacks and depends on continental albedo.

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18

Dong, Buwen, Rowan T. Sutton, Len Shaffrey, and Nicholas P. Klingaman. "Attribution of Forced Decadal Climate Change in Coupled and Uncoupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model Experiments." Journal of Climate 30, no. 16 (2017): 6203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0578.1.

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There is still no consensus about the best methodology for attributing observed changes in climate or climate events. One widely used approach relies on experiments in which the time periods of interest are simulated using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) forced by prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs), with and without estimated anthropogenic influences. A potential limitation of such experiments is the lack of explicit atmosphere–ocean coupling; therefore a key question is whether the attribution statements derived from such studies are in fact robust. In this research th

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19

THOMAS, BIJU, S. V. KASTURE, and S. V. SATYAN. "Simulation of winter and summer climates with PRL Atmospheric General Circulation Model." MAUSAM 50, no. 4 (2021): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v50i4.1952.

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A global, spectral Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) has been developed indigenously at Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) for climate studies. The model has six a levels in the vertical and has horizontal resolution of 21 waves with rhomboidal truncation. The model includes smooth topography, planetary boundary layer, deep convection, large scale condensation, interactive hydrology, radiation with interactive clouds and diurnal cycle. Sea surface temperature and sea ice values were fixed based on climatological data for different calender months.  The model was integrat

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20

Peng, Xindong, Feng Xiao, Wataru Ohfuchi, and Hiromitsu Fuchigami. "Conservative Semi-Lagrangian Transport on a Sphere and the Impact on Vapor Advection in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 3 (2005): 504–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-2869.1.

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Abstract A conservative semi-Lagrangian scheme with rational function for interpolation is implemented in spherical geometry and tested in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). The new scheme, different from the conventional semi-Lagrangian method, is conservative and oscillation free. By introducing polar mixing and a time split computation of divergence, the scheme can compute advection transport correctly over the polar regions. Idealized advection tests with various velocity fields were carried out to demonstrate numerical accuracy and conservation in comparison with the spectra

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21

Hamilton, Kevin. "At the dawn of global climate modeling: the strange case of the Leith atmosphere model." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-11-93-2020.

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Abstract. A critical stage in the development of our ability to model and project climate change occurred in the late 1950s–early 1960s when the first primitive-equation atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) were created. A rather idiosyncratic project to develop an AGCM was conducted virtually alone by Cecil E. Leith starting near the end of the 1950s. The Leith atmospheric model (LAM) appears to have been the first primitive-equation AGCM with a hydrological cycle and the first with a vertical resolution extending above the tropopause. It was certainly the first AGCM with a diurnal

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22

Croft, B., U. Lohmann, and K. von Salzen. "Black carbon ageing in the Canadian Centre for Climate modelling and analysis atmospheric general circulation model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 2 (2005): 1383–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-1383-2005.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) particles in the atmosphere have important impacts on climate. The amount of BC in the atmosphere must be carefully quantified to allow evaluation of the climate effects of this type of aerosol. In this study, we present the treatment of 5 BC aerosol in the developmental version of the 4th generation Canadian Centre for Climate modelling and analysis (CCCma) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). The focus of this work is on the conversion of insoluble BC to soluble/mixed BC. Four separate parameterizations of this ageing process are compared to a control sim

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23

Watanabe, S., K. Sato, Y. Kawatani, and M. Takahashi. "Vertical resolution dependence of gravity wave momentum flux simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 6 (2014): 7559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-7559-2014.

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Abstract. The dependence of the gravity wave spectra of energy and momentum flux on the horizontal resolution and time step of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) has been thoroughly investigated in the past. In contrast, much less attention has been given to the dependence of these gravity wave parameters on models' vertical resolutions. The present study demonstrates the dependence of gravity wave momentum flux in the stratosphere and mesosphere on the model's vertical resolution, which is evaluated using an AGCM with a horizontal resolution of about 0.56°. We performed a series o

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24

Koster, Randal D., Yehui Chang, and Siegfried D. Schubert. "A Mechanism for Land–Atmosphere Feedback Involving Planetary Wave Structures." Journal of Climate 27, no. 24 (2014): 9290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00315.1.

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Abstract While the ability of land surface conditions to influence the atmosphere has been demonstrated in various modeling and observational studies, the precise mechanisms by which land–atmosphere feedback occurs are still largely unknown: particularly the mechanisms that allow land moisture state in one region to affect atmospheric conditions in another. Such remote impacts are examined here in the context of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations, leading to the identification of one potential mechanism: the phase locking and amplification of a planetary wave through the

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25

Ramstein, G., F. Fluteau, and V. Masson. "Existence of an ice cap during the mid-Cretaceous period (120–90 Ma): an AGCM investigation." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500014038.

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Many questions remain concerning whether or not an ice cap existed during the mid-Cretaceous period (120–90 Ma). Other than data and observations from ice-rafted materials, atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) may be appropriate tools to investigate whether changes in atmospheric composition, land-sea distribution, or oceanic circulation (used as boundary conditions to constrain the model), provide the climatic conditions that enable ice caps to be formed.This study uses an AGCM developed by the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) to perform a set of numerical sensitivity exp

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Ramstein, G., F. Fluteau, and V. Masson. "Existence of an ice cap during the mid-cretaceous period (120–90 Ma): an AGCM investigation." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500014038.

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Many questions remain concerning whether or not an ice cap existed during the mid-Cretaceous period (120–90 Ma). Other than data and observations from ice-rafted materials, atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) may be appropriate tools to investigate whether changes in atmospheric composition, land-sea distribution, or oceanic circulation (used as boundary conditions to constrain the model), provide the climatic conditions that enable ice caps to be formed. This study uses an AGCM developed by the Laboratoire Météorologie Dynamique (LMD) to perform a set of numerical sensitivity exper

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27

Anstey, James A., Theodore G. Shepherd, and John F. Scinocca. "Influence of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the Extratropical Winter Stratosphere in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model and in Reanalysis Data." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 5 (2010): 1402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3292.1.

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Abstract The interannual variability of the stratospheric polar vortex during winter in both hemispheres is observed to correlate strongly with the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in tropical stratospheric winds. It follows that the lack of a spontaneously generated QBO in most atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) adversely affects the nature of polar variability in such models. This study examines QBO–vortex coupling in an AGCM in which a QBO is spontaneously induced by resolved and parameterized waves. The QBO–vortex coupling in the AGCM compares favorably to that see

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28

Watanabe, S., K. Sato, Y. Kawatani, and M. Takahashi. "Vertical resolution dependence of gravity wave momentum flux simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 6 (2015): 1637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1637-2015.

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Abstract. The dependence of the gravity wave spectra of energy and momentum flux on the horizontal resolution and time step of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) has been thoroughly investigated in the past. In contrast, much less attention has been given to the dependence of these gravity wave parameters on models' vertical resolutions. The present study demonstrates the dependence of gravity wave momentum flux (GWMF) in the stratosphere and mesosphere on the model's vertical resolution, which is evaluated using an AGCM with a horizontal resolution of about 0.56°. We performed a s

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29

Kumar, Arun, Qin Zhang, J.-K. E. Schemm, Michelle L’Heureux, and K.-H. Seo. "An Assessment of Errors in the Simulation of Atmospheric Interannual Variability in Uncoupled AGCM Simulations." Journal of Climate 21, no. 10 (2008): 2204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1743.1.

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Abstract For the uncoupled atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations, the quantification of errors due to the lack of coupled ocean–atmospheric evolution on the characteristics of the atmospheric interannual variability is important for various reasons including the following: 1) AGCM simulations forced with specified SSTs continue to be used for understanding atmospheric interannual variability and 2) there is a vast knowledge base quantifying the global atmospheric influence of tropical SSTs that traditionally has relied on the analysis of AGCM-alone simulations. To put such r

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Blackport, Russell, and Paul J. Kushner. "The Role of Extratropical Ocean Warming in the Coupled Climate Response to Arctic Sea Ice Loss." Journal of Climate 31, no. 22 (2018): 9193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0192.1.

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The role of extratropical ocean warming in the coupled climate response to Arctic sea ice loss is investigated using coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) and uncoupled atmospheric-only (AGCM) experiments. Coupled AOGCM experiments driven by sea ice albedo reduction and greenhouse gas–dominated radiative forcing are used to diagnose the extratropical sea surface temperature (SST) response to sea ice loss. Sea ice loss is then imposed in AGCM experiments both with and without these extratropical SST changes, which are found to extend beyond the regions where sea ice is lost

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Pinzón, Reinhardt, Noriko N. Ishizaki, Hidetaka Sasaki, and Tosiyuki Nakaegawa. "Panama’s Current Climate Replicability in a Non-Hydrostatic Regional Climate Model Nested in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (2021): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121543.

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To simulate the current climate, a 20-year integration of a non-hydrostatic regional climate model (NHRCM) with grid spacing of 5 and 2 km (NHRCM05 and NHRCM02, respectively) was nested within the AGCM. The three models did a similarly good job of simulating surface air temperature, and the spatial horizontal resolution did not affect these statistics. NHRCM02 did a good job of reproducing seasonal variations in surface air temperature. NHRCM05 overestimated annual mean precipitation in the western part of Panama and eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. NHRCM05 is responsible for this overestima

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Croft, B., U. Lohmann, and K. von Salzen. "Black carbon ageing in the Canadian Centre for Climate modelling and analysis atmospheric general circulation model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 7 (2005): 1931–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1931-2005.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) particles in the atmosphere have important impacts on climate. The amount of BC in the atmosphere must be carefully quantified to allow evaluation of the climate effects of this type of aerosol. In this study, we present the treatment of BC aerosol in the developmental version of the 4th generation Canadian Centre for Climate modelling and analysis (CCCma) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). The focus of this work is on the conversion of insoluble BC to soluble/mixed BC by physical and chemical ageing. Physical processes include the condensation of sulphur

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33

Zheng, Y., D. E. Waliser, W. F. Stern, and C. Jones. "The Role of Coupled Sea Surface Temperatures in the Simulation of the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation." Journal of Climate 17, no. 21 (2004): 4109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3202.1.

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Abstract This study compares the tropical intraseasonal oscillation (TISO) variability in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled general circulation model (CGCM) and the stand-alone atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). For the AGCM simulation, the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were specified using those from the CGCM simulation. This was done so that any differences in the TISO that emerged from the two simulations could be attributed to the coupling process and not to a difference in the mean background state. The comparison focused on analysis of the rainfall, 20

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Misra, Vasubandhu. "Coupled Air, Sea, and Land Interactions of the South American Monsoon." Journal of Climate 21, no. 23 (2008): 6389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2497.1.

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Abstract The dominant interannual variation of the austral summer South American monsoon season (SAM) is associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Although this teleconnection provides a basis for the seasonal predictability of SAM, it is shown that the conventional tier-2 modeling approach of prescribing observed sea surface temperature (SST) is inappropriate to capture this teleconnection. Furthermore, such a forced atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulation leads to degradation of the SAM precipitation variability. However, when the same AGCM is coupled to an ocean g

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He, Jie, and Brian J. Soden. "Does the Lack of Coupling in SST-Forced Atmosphere-Only Models Limit Their Usefulness for Climate Change Studies?" Journal of Climate 29, no. 12 (2016): 4317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00597.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) are often considered inadequate for studying natural climate variability because of their lack of coupling with an underlying ocean. This lack of two-way air–sea coupling results in an inconsistency in surface energetics. This study aims to determine whether the lack of two-way air–sea coupling also undermines an AGCM’s ability to simulate anthropogenic climate change. A comparison between coupled and atmospheric GCM simulations shows that anthropogenic climate change can be well reproduced by an AGCM and that errors due to the lack of tw

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Yamamoto, Masaru, and Masaaki Takahashi. "Superrotation Maintained by Meridional Circulation and Waves in a Venus-Like AGCM." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 12 (2006): 3296–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3859.1.

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Fully developed superrotation—60 times faster than the planetary rotation (243 days)—is simulated using a Venus-like atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). The angular momentum of the superrotation is pumped up by the meridional circulation with the help of waves, which accelerate the equatorial zonal flow. The waves generated by solar heating and shear instability play a crucial role in the atmospheric dynamics of the Venusian superrotation. Vertical and horizontal momentum transports of thermal tides maintain the equatorial superrotation in the middle atmosphere, while equatorward edd

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Kuwano-Yoshida, Akira, Bunmei Taguchi, and Shang-Ping Xie. "Baiu Rainband Termination in Atmospheric and Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Models." Journal of Climate 26, no. 24 (2013): 10111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00231.1.

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Abstract The baiu rainband is a summer rainband stretching from eastern China through Japan toward the northwestern Pacific. The climatological termination of the baiu rainband is investigated using the Japanese 25-yr Reanalysis (JRA-25), a stand-alone atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) forced with observed sea surface temperature (SST) and an atmosphere–ocean GCM (AOGCM). The baiu rainband over the North Pacific abruptly shifts northward and weakens substantially in early July in the atmospheric GCM (AGCM), too early compared to observations (late July). The midtroposphere westerly j

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Navarra, A., and K. Miyakoda. "Anomaly General Circulation Models." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 45, no. 9 (1988): 1509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<1509:agcm>2.0.co;2.

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Okajima, Satoru, Hisashi Nakamura, Kazuaki Nishii, Takafumi Miyasaka, and Akira Kuwano-Yoshida. "Assessing the Importance of Prominent Warm SST Anomalies over the Midlatitude North Pacific in Forcing Large-Scale Atmospheric Anomalies during 2011 Summer and Autumn." Journal of Climate 27, no. 11 (2014): 3889–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00140.1.

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Abstract Sets of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments are conducted to assess the importance of prominent positive anomalies in sea surface temperature (SST) observed over the midlatitude North Pacific in forcing a persistent basin-scale anticyclonic circulation anomaly and its downstream influence in 2011 summer and autumn. The anticyclonic anomaly observed in October is well reproduced as a robust response of an AGCM forced only with the warm SST anomaly associated with the poleward-shifted oceanic frontal zone in the midlatitude Pacific. The equivalent barotropic anticyc

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Wang, Shuguang, Edwin P. Gerber, and Lorenzo M. Polvani. "Abrupt Circulation Responses to Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Warming in a Relatively Simple Stratosphere-Resolving AGCM." Journal of Climate 25, no. 12 (2012): 4097–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00166.1.

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Abstract The circulation response of the atmosphere to climate change–like thermal forcing is explored with a relatively simple, stratosphere-resolving general circulation model. The model is forced with highly idealized physics, but integrates the primitive equations at resolution comparable to comprehensive climate models. An imposed forcing mimics the warming induced by greenhouse gasses in the low-latitude upper troposphere. The forcing amplitude is progressively increased over a range comparable in magnitude to the warming projected by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change coupled cli

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Dias, Cássia Gabriele, Michelle Simões Reboita, Lívia Márcia M. Dutra, and Rosmeri Porfírio Da Rocha. "Destreza de dois modelos climáticos globais em prever a circulação geral da atmosfera (Skill of two global climate models in forecasting the general circulation of the atmosphere)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 10, no. 4 (2017): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v10.4.p1090-1099.

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O presente estudo avaliou a destreza de dois modelos climáticos globais (CFSv2 e AGCM-CPTEC) em prever a circulação atmosférica sazonal sobre a América do Sul (AS). As previsões entre os anos de 2013 e início de 2014 foram comparadas com os dados da reanálise ERA-Interim. No nível de 250 hPa, o CFSv2 previu o jato subtropical mais fraco do que o observado na reanálise, enquanto o AGCM-CPTEC o previu mais intenso durante o inverno e primavera. Nos meses de Setembro, Outubro e Novembro (SON) de 2013, a Alta da Bolívia (AB) esteve bem configurada no AGCM-CPTEC, concordando com a reanálise. No ent

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Chikira, Minoru. "A Cumulus Parameterization with State-Dependent Entrainment Rate. Part II: Impact on Climatology in a General Circulation Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 7 (2010): 2194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3317.1.

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Abstract The impact of a new cumulus parameterization developed in Part I of this paper on climatology in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is compared with that of the Arakawa–Schubert scheme. The parameterization is characterized by a vertically variable entrainment rate depending on the surrounding environment. Two kinds of formulations on entrainment rate are tested and produce similar results in the AGCM. The results show reduction of precipitation over land and increase over the sea, weakening of the southern side of the double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) over the

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Simpkins, Graham R., Shayne McGregor, Andréa S. Taschetto, Laura M. Ciasto, and Matthew H. England. "Tropical Connections to Climatic Change in the Extratropical Southern Hemisphere: The Role of Atlantic SST Trends." Journal of Climate 27, no. 13 (2014): 4923–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00615.1.

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The austral spring relationships between sea surface temperature (SST) trends and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropical atmospheric circulation are investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). A suite of simulations are analyzed wherein the AGCM is forced by underlying SST conditions in which recent trends are constrained to individual ocean basins (Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic), allowing the impact of each region to be assessed in isolation. When forced with observed global SST, the model broadly replicates the spatial pattern of extratropical SH geopotential heig

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Seneviratne, Sonia I., Randal D. Koster, Zhichang Guo, et al. "Soil Moisture Memory in AGCM Simulations: Analysis of Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) Data." Journal of Hydrometeorology 7, no. 5 (2006): 1090–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm533.1.

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Abstract Soil moisture memory is a key aspect of land–atmosphere interaction and has major implications for seasonal forecasting. Because of a severe lack of soil moisture observations on most continents, existing analyses of global-scale soil moisture memory have relied previously on atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments, with derived conclusions that are probably model dependent. The present study is the first survey examining and contrasting global-scale (near) monthly soil moisture memory characteristics across a broad range of AGCMs. The investigated simulations, perfor

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Misra, Vasubandhu. "Simulation of the Intraseasonal Variance of the South American Summer Monsoon." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 3 (2005): 663–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-2877.1.

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Abstract This study reveals the inadequacy of the Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies (COLA) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis to resolve the variance of the intraseasonal anomalies of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) over the South American summer monsoon (SASM) domain and the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean (EEPO) owing to their coarse horizontal resolution. However, when the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis is downscaled by roughly a factor of 2.5 using the Regional Sp

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Koster, R. D., S. D. Schubert, and M. J. Suarez. "Analyzing the Concurrence of Meteorological Droughts and Warm Periods, with Implications for the Determination of Evaporative Regime." Journal of Climate 22, no. 12 (2009): 3331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2718.1.

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Abstract The hydroclimatic conditions under which a seasonal meteorological drought (below-normal seasonal rainfall) can induce an increase in seasonal air temperature are investigated, first with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and then with observations. Geographical differences in the dryness–warmth connection abound in the AGCM; in the United States, for example, identified evaporative controls tend to tie meteorological droughts to warmer temperatures in the South but not in the Northeast. The strong agreement between AGCM and observations-based geographical patterns of dr

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Scinocca, J. F., N. A. McFarlane, M. Lazare, J. Li, and D. Plummer. "Technical Note: The CCCma third generation AGCM and its extension into the middle atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 23 (2008): 7055–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7055-2008.

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Abstract. The Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis third generation atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM3) is described. The discussion summarizes the details of the complete physics package emphasizing the changes made relative to the second generation version of the model. AGCM3 is the underlying model for applications which include the IPCC fourth assessment, coupled atmosphere-ocean seasonal forecasting, the first generation of the CCCma earth system model (CanESM1), and middle-atmosphere chemistry-climate modelling (CCM). Here we shall focus on issues related to an up

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Cullather, Richard I., Sophie M. J. Nowicki, Bin Zhao, and Max J. Suarez. "Evaluation of the Surface Representation of the Greenland Ice Sheet in a General Circulation Model." Journal of Climate 27, no. 13 (2014): 4835–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00635.1.

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Simulated surface conditions of the Goddard Earth Observing System model, version 5 (GEOS-5), atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) are examined for the contemporary Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). A surface parameterization that explicitly models surface processes including snow compaction, meltwater percolation and refreezing, and surface albedo is found to remedy an erroneous deficit in the annual net surface energy flux and provide an adequate representation of surface mass balance (SMB) in an evaluation using simulations at two spatial resolutions. The simulated 1980–2008 GrIS SMB aver

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Randles, C. A., and V. Ramaswamy. "Impacts of absorbing biomass burning aerosol on the climate of southern Africa: a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GCM sensitivity study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 4 (2010): 9731–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-9731-2010.

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Abstract. Tropospheric aerosols emitted from biomass burning reduce solar radiation at the surface and locally heat the atmosphere. Equilibrium simulations using an atmospheric general circulation model (GFDL AGCM) indicate that strong atmospheric absorption from these particles can cool the surface and increase upward motion and low-level convergence over southern Africa during the dry season. These changes increase sea level pressure over land in the biomass burning region and spin-up the hydrologic cycle by increasing clouds, atmospheric water vapor, and, to a lesser extent, precipitation.

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Schneider, M., K. Yoshimura, F. Hase, and T. Blumenstock. "The ground-based FTIR network's potential for investigating the atmospheric water cycle." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 7 (2010): 3427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3427-2010.

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Abstract. We present tropospheric H216O and HD16O/H216O vapour profiles measured by ground-based FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrometers between 1996 and 2008 at a northern hemispheric subarctic and subtropical site (Kiruna, Northern Sweden, 68° N and Izaña, Tenerife Island, 28° N, respectively). We compare these measurements to an isotope incorporated atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). If the model is nudged towards meteorological fields of reanalysis data the agreement is very satisfactory on time scales ranging from daily to inter-annual. Taking the Izaña and Kiruna measu

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