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Journal articles on the topic 'Atmospheric long-range propagation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 15 March 2023

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1

Averbuch, Gil, Jelle D. Assink, and Läslo G. Evers. "Long-range atmospheric infrasound propagation from subsurface sources." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147, no. 2 (2020): 1264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0000792.

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2

Gibson, Robert G., and David E. Norris. "Long‐range infrasound propagation modeling using updated atmospheric characterizations." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 5 (2002): 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4779677.

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3

Hart, Carl R., D. Keith Wilson, Chris L. Pettit, and Edward T. Nykaza. "Machine-learning of long-range sound propagation through simulated atmospheric turbulence." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 149, no. 6 (2021): 4384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0005280.

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4

Eisenmann, Shmuel, Einat Louzon, Yiftach Katzir, et al. "Control of the filamentation distance and pattern in long-range atmospheric propagation." Optics Express 15, no. 6 (2007): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.15.002779.

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5

Lim, Tea Heung, Minho Go, Chulhun Seo, and Hosung Choo. "Analysis of the Target Detection Performance of Air-to-Air Airborne Radar Using Long-Range Propagation Simulation in Abnormal Atmospheric Conditions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (2020): 6440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186440.

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In this paper, we propose the analysis of the target detection performance of air-to-air airborne radars using long-range propagation simulations with a novel quad-linear refractivity model under abnormal atmospheric conditions. The radar propagation characteristics and the target detection performance are simulated using the Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System (AREPS) software, where the refractivity along the altitude, array antenna pattern, and digital terrain elevation data are considered as inputs to obtain the path loss of the wave propagation. The quad-linear model is used to

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6

Drob, D. P., D. Broutman, M. A. Hedlin, N. W. Winslow, and R. G. Gibson. "A method for specifying atmospheric gravity wavefields for long-range infrasound propagation calculations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118, no. 10 (2013): 3933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012jd018077.

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7

Rajendran, K., and A. Kitoh. "Modulation of Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillations by Ocean–Atmosphere Coupling." Journal of Climate 19, no. 3 (2006): 366–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3638.1.

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Abstract The impact of ocean–atmosphere coupling on the structure and propagation characteristics of 30–60-day tropical intraseasonal oscillations (TISOs) is investigated by analyzing long-term simulations of the Meteorological Research Institute coupled general circulation model (CGCM) and its stand-alone atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) version forced with SSTs derived from the CGCM and comparing them with recent observation datasets [Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation, 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40

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8

Tahira, Makoto. "A Study of the Long Range Propagation of Infrasonic Waves in the Atmosphere." Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 66, no. 1 (1988): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.66.1_17.

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9

Hussain, Hammad, and Guillaume Dutilleux. "A parametric study of long-range atmospheric sound propagation using Bellhop Ray-tracing Model." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148, no. 4 (2020): 2562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5147110.

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Waxler, Roger, Claus H. Hetzer, Jelle D. Assink, and Philip Blom. "A two-dimensional effective sound speed parabolic equation model for infrasound propagation with ground topography." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 6 (2022): 3659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016558.

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A terrain capable parabolic equation (PE) propagation algorithm for long range infrasound propagation modeling has been implemented using Padé approximations for the various operator valued functions that arise in PE algorithms. In this work, the influence of the winds are captured by the effective sound speed approximation and propagation is restricted to the range-altitude plane. The ground topography is included by the addition of an impenetrable fluid below the ground surface. The impedance condition at the ground is handled explicitly, including both vertical and radial components. It is

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11

Arrowsmith, Stephen, Petru Negraru, and Greg Johnson. "Bolide Energetics and Infrasound Propagation: Exploring the 18 December 2018 Bering Sea Event to Identify Limitations of Empirical and Numerical Models." Seismic Record 1, no. 3 (2021): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0320210034.

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Abstract Infrasound observations are an important tool in assessing the energetics of bolides and can help quantify the flux of meteoroids through Earth’s atmosphere. Bolides are also important atmospheric sources for assessing long-range infrasound propagation models and can be used as benchmark events for validating the International Monitoring System (IMS) infrasound network, which is designed to detect nuclear tests in the atmosphere. This article exploits unique infrasound observations from a large bolide recorded on IMS infrasound arrays and high-density infrasound deployments in the Uni

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12

Hazra, Abheera, and V. Krishnamurthy. "Space–Time Structure of Diabatic Heating in Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillation." Journal of Climate 28, no. 6 (2015): 2234–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00280.1.

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Abstract The space–time structure of the leading monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) in three-dimensional diabatic heating is studied. Using the ERA-Interim data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, the diabatic heating data were constructed by the residual method of the thermodynamic equation. The MISO was extracted by applying multichannel singular spectrum analysis on the daily anomalies of three-dimensional diabatic heating over the South Asian monsoon region for the period 1979–2011.The diabatic heating MISO has a period of 45 days, and exhibits eastward propaga

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13

Laing, Arlene G., Richard E. Carbone, and Vincenzo Levizzani. "Cycles and Propagation of Deep Convection over Equatorial Africa." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 9 (2011): 2832–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011mwr3500.1.

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Long-term statistics of organized convection are vital to improved understanding of the hydrologic cycle at various scales. Satellite observations are used to understand the timing, duration, and frequency of deep convection in equatorial Africa, a region with some of the most intense thunderstorms. Yet little has been published about the propagation characteristics of mesoscale convection in that region. Diurnal, subseasonal, and seasonal cycles of cold cloud (proxy for convective precipitation) are examined on a continental scale. Organized deep convection consists of coherent structures tha

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14

Vecchiotti, Andrea, Hannah Blackburn, Kyle Kirian, et al. "Scanning Doppler LIDAR wind profiles to inform near shore atmospheric acoustic propagation modeling." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015531.

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This work presents a comprehensive experimental system to measure concurrent atmospheric acoustic transmission loss and meteorological conditions. A three-dimensional scanning Doppler lidar wind profiler captures real-time wind speed gradients at many locations along the acoustic propagation path of a simple pitch catch style study. A long-range acoustic device on an anchored pontoon sends known chirp sequences to a seven-channel receiver array at the water’s edge at ranges up to approximately one kilometer. Additional synchronized meteorological observations include temperature, humidity, and

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15

Bennett, A. J., C. Gaffard, J. Nash, G. Callaghan, and N. C. Atkinson. "The Effect of Modal Interference on VLF Long-Range Lightning Location Networks Using the Waveform Correlation Technique." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28, no. 8 (2011): 993–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jtecha1527.1.

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Abstract The arrival time difference (ATD) long-range lightning location network (ATDnet) is the long-range very low frequency (VLF) lightning location network owned and operated by the Met Office, locating lightning using a waveform correlation technique. Pronounced differences in the waveform shape with distance to lightning have been observed and attributed to interference between different propagation modes within the earth–ionosphere waveguide. During the day, waveform correlations were significantly degraded at a distance of 450 km from the sensor, with the main degradations occurring du

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16

Kulichkov, S. N., I. P. Chunchuzov, and O. I. Popov. "Simulating the influence of an atmospheric fine inhomogeneous structure on long-range propagation of pulsed acoustic signals." Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 46, no. 1 (2010): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0001433810010093.

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17

Zhang, Tianshu, Steven A. Miller, Mariel T. Ojeda, and Kurtis Gurley. "Prediction of long-range infrasound propagation from tornadoes based on new atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel experiments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148, no. 4 (2020): 2493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5146910.

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18

Parihar, N., and A. Taori. "An investigation of long-distance propagation of gravity waves under CAWSES India Phase II Programme." Annales Geophysicae 33, no. 5 (2015): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-547-2015.

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Abstract. Coordinated measurements of airglow features from the mesosphere–lower thermosphere (MLT) region were performed at Allahabad (25.5° N, 81.9° E) and Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), India to study the propagation of gravity waves in 13–27° N latitude range during the period June 2009 to May 2010 under CAWSES (Climate And Weather of Sun Earth System) India Phase II Programme. At Allahabad, imaging observations of OH broadband emissions and OI 557.7 nm emission were made using an all-sky imager, while at Gadanki photometric measurements of OH (6, 2) Meinel band and O2 (0, 1) Atmospheric band

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19

Zeng, Qingwei, Lei Liu, Kejin Zhang, et al. "Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Water Vapor Ionization on the Dynamic and Energy Deposition of Femtosecond Ultraviolet Laser Filamentation in Air." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (2019): 4201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204201.

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The effects of water vapor ionization on the nonlinear propagation of femtosecond laser pulses with a 248 nm wavelength are numerically investigated in this paper. It is found that ionization of H2O molecules plays a significant role in air ionization, which seriously affects the dynamic and energy deposition of filamentation. The propagation of femtosecond pulses in air with different humidity levels are compared. The total number of electrons and total deposited pulse energy increase with the humidity increases. However, they tend to be saturated in high humidity conditions. Results presente

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20

LaBelle, J. "High-latitude propagation studies using a meridional chain of LF/MF/HF receivers." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 5 (2004): 1705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-1705-2004.

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Abstract. For over a decade, Dartmouth College has operated programmable radio receivers at multiple high-latitude sites covering the frequency range 100-5000kHz with about a 1-s resolution. Besides detecting radio emissions of auroral origin, these receivers record characteristics of the ionospheric propagation of natural and man-made signals, documenting well-known effects, such as the diurnal variation in the propagation characteristics of short and long waves, and also revealing more subtle effects. For example, at auroral zone sites in equinoctial conditions, the amplitudes of distant tra

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21

Rapaport, Liat, Gad A. Pinhasi, and Yosef Pinhasi. "Millimeter Wave Propagation in Long Corridors and Tunnels—Theoretical Model and Experimental Verification." Electronics 9, no. 5 (2020): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050707.

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The development of the Fifth-Generation (5G) of cellular communications considers bands in millimeter waves (MMW) for indoor, short-range links. The propagation of MMW is affected by atmospheric and weather conditions, specular reflections from surfaces, and the directivity of the antennas. The short wavelength enables utilization of a quasi-optical propagation model for the description of indoor multi-path scenarios. A study of MMW propagation in tunnels, long corridors, or canyons is carried out using ray-tracing to evaluate the link budget and group delay. The analysis considers radiation p

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22

Menke, Robert, Nikola Vasiljević, Kurt S. Hansen, Andrea N. Hahmann, and Jakob Mann. "Does the wind turbine wake follow the topography? A multi-lidar study in complex terrain." Wind Energy Science 3, no. 2 (2018): 681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-681-2018.

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Abstract. The wake of a single wind turbine in complex terrain is analysed using measurements from lidars. A particular focus of this analysis is the wake deficit and propagation. Six scanning lidars (three short-range and three long-range WindScanners) were deployed during the Perdigão 2015 measurement campaign, which took place at a double-ridge site in Portugal. Several scanning scenarios, including triple- and dual-Doppler scans, were designed to capture the wind turbine wake of a 2 MW turbine located on one of the ridges. Different wake displacements are categorized according to the time

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23

Ko, Ken-Chung, and Huang-Hsiung Hsu. "Downstream Development of the Summertime Tropical Cyclone/Submonthly Wave Pattern in the Extratropical North Pacific." Journal of Climate 23, no. 8 (2010): 2223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3248.1.

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Abstract The impact of tropical perturbation on the extratropical wave activity in the North Pacific in the submonthly time scale is demonstrated here. Previous studies identified a tropical cyclone (TC)/submonthly wave pattern, which propagated north-northwestward in the Philippine Sea and recurved in the oceanic region between Japan and Taiwan. This study found that, after the arrival of the TC/submonthly wave pattern at the recurving region, the eastward-propagating wave activity in the extratropical North Pacific was significantly enhanced. It is suggested that the TC/submonthly wave patte

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24

SUBRAMANIAN, S. K., and U. R. JOSHI. "Usability of the low frequency mode in southwest monsoon circulation for long range prediction of rainfall activity over central India." MAUSAM 45, no. 1 (2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v45i1.1874.

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pro pagation have been ctudicd on the hasi, of upper air data of a few sta tions,The frequency of occurrence Ill' significant periodicity in th is mode i.. rchuively high for Visakhapatnam andMadras. 1 here appears a large inter-annual variability of the maximum amplitudes of rhe filtered series with nospecial preference to any latitudinal bell. Northward propagation of this mode also slums large inn.....-annunlvarisbility. In some ~ears the propaga tion " as totally absent. The phusc changes in the filtered ser ies o fVisakbapnma rn match ed with the cha nges in weekly ra infall activity over

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25

Bramberger, Martina, Andreas Dörnbrack, Henrike Wilms, Steffen Gemsa, Kevin Raynor, and Robert Sharman. "Vertically Propagating Mountain Waves—A Hazard for High-Flying Aircraft?" Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, no. 9 (2018): 1957–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0340.1.

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AbstractStall warnings at flight level 410 (12.5 km) occurred unexpectedly during a research flight of the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) over Italy on 12 January 2016. The dangerous flight situation was mitigated by pilot intervention. At the incident location, the stratosphere was characterized by large horizontal variations in the along-track wind speed and temperature. On this particular day, strong northwesterly winds in the lower troposphere in concert with an aligned polar front jet favored the excitation and vertical propagation of large-amplitude mountain waves

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26

Ma, Qian, and Hengkai Zhao. "Capacity of a Radio Vortex Communication System Using a Partial Angular Aperture Receiving Scheme under the Horizontal Non-Kolmogorov Model." Sensors 21, no. 5 (2021): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051778.

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A partial receiving scheme based on limited angular aperture multi-beam receiving and demultiplexing can solve the difficulty caused by the divergence of the vortex beam in the conventional whole beam receiving scheme and realize the long-distance transmission of the vortex wave. The propagation of the radio vortex beam in atmospheric turbulence is of significant importance in theoretical study and practical applications. In this paper, the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the performance of a radio vortex (RV) communication system based on a partial angular aperture receiving (PAAR) sch

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27

Huang, Li-Feng, Cheng-Guo Liu, Hong-Guang Wang, et al. "Experimental Analysis of Atmospheric Ducts and Navigation Radar Over-the-Horizon Detection." Remote Sensing 14, no. 11 (2022): 2588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112588.

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Since the height of sea detection radar antenna and ship targets is relatively low, it is generally believed that its over-the-horizon detection is mainly caused by the evaporation duct at sea. To fully understand the influence of atmospheric ducts on radar over-the-horizon detection, a shore-based navigation radar was used to carry out over-the-horizon detection experiments; radiosondes were used to measure the atmospheric profile and evaporation duct monitoring equipment was used to measure the evaporation duct. Based on experimental data and model simulation, a comparative analysis of a nav

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28

Portele, Tanja C., Andreas Dörnbrack, Johannes S. Wagner, et al. "Mountain-Wave Propagation under Transient Tropospheric Forcing: A DEEPWAVE Case Study." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 6 (2018): 1861–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0080.1.

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The impact of transient tropospheric forcing on the deep vertical mountain-wave propagation is investigated by a unique combination of in situ and remote sensing observations and numerical modeling. The temporal evolution of the upstream low-level wind follows approximately a [Formula: see text] shape and was controlled by a migrating trough and connected fronts. Our case study reveals the importance of the time-varying propagation conditions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Upper-tropospheric stability, the wind profile, and the tropopause strength affected the observed

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29

An, Xiadong, Lifang Sheng, Qian Liu, Chun Li, Yang Gao, and Jianping Li. "The combined effect of two westerly jet waveguides on heavy haze in the North China Plain in November and December 2015." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 8 (2020): 4667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4667-2020.

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Abstract. Severe haze occurred in the North China Plain (NCP) from November to December 2015, with a wide spatial range and long duration. In this paper, the combined effect of the anomalous stationary Rossby waves within two westerly jet waveguides on this haze event in the NCP is investigated based on observational visibility data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The results show that circulation anomalies in Eurasia caused by the propagation of anomalous stationary Rossby wave energy along two waveguides within the westerly jet originating from the Mediterranean were responsible for haze form

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30

Smirnov, Alexandr, Marine De Carlo, Alexis Le Pichon, Nikolai M. Shapiro, and Sergey Kulichkov. "Characterizing the oceanic ambient noise as recorded by the dense seismo-acoustic Kazakh network." Solid Earth 12, no. 2 (2021): 503–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-503-2021.

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Abstract. In this study, the dense seismo-acoustic network of the Institute of Geophysical Research (IGR), National Nuclear Centre of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is used to characterize the global ocean ambient noise. As the monitoring facilities are collocated, this allows for a joint seismo-acoustic analysis of oceanic ambient noise. Infrasonic and seismic data are processed using a correlation-based method to characterize the temporal variability of microbarom and microseism signals from 2014 to 2017. The measurements are compared with microbarom and microseism source model output that are

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31

Wang, Chung-Chieh, George Tai-Jen Chen, Hsiao-Ling Huang, Richard E. Carbone, and Sau-Wa Chang. "Synoptic Conditions Associated with Propagating and Nonpropagating Cloud/Rainfall Episodes during the Warm Season over the East Asian Continent." Monthly Weather Review 140, no. 3 (2012): 721–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00067.1.

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Abstract Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses, this study identifies common synoptic flow patterns associated with propagating (long lived) and nonpropagating (short lived) precipitation/cloud episodes in the warm season over East Asia (25°–40°N, 95°–125°E). Among 123 initial cases during May–July 1997–2003, 86 were classified into three categories (propagating cases with strong and weak forcing, and nonpropagating ones with strong inhibition) consisting of 10 types based on their 500-hPa flow patterns. For each type, composites at various levels when episo

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32

SCHILLING, BRADLEY W., STEPHEN R. CHINN, BRIAN THOMAS, and TIMOTHY J. SCHOLZ. "EYESAFE ACTIVE IMAGING OF HARD TARGETS: AN OVERVIEW OF TECHNIQUES UNDER INVESTIGATION BY NVESD." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, no. 02 (2008): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005412.

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The U.S. Army is actively pursuing 3D active imaging techniques using laser sources emitting at 1.5 μm. This eyesafe short wave infrared (SWIR) waveband is advantageous due to both the improved eye safety and atmospheric propagation through obscurants. NVESD has several active programs in this area, which will be reviewed in this paper. These are: 1) single-pixel scanned imaging laser radar, 2) 2D gated SWIR imaging, and 3) 3D-flash laser radar. These systems are being evaluated for various targeting scenarios, including as potential payloads on unmanned air-vehicles, ground vehicles and other

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33

Ji, Hanjie, Bo Yin, Jinpeng Zhang, Yushi Zhang, Qingliang Li, and Chunzhi Hou. "Multiscale Decomposition Prediction of Propagation Loss for EM Waves in Marine Evaporation Duct Using Deep Learning." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010051.

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A tropospheric duct (TD) is an anomalous atmospheric refraction structure in marine environments that seriously interferes with the propagation path and range of electromagnetic (EM) waves, resulting in serious influence on the normal operation of radar. Since the propagation loss (PL) can reflect the propagation characteristics of EM waves inside the duct layer, it is important to obtain an accurate cognition of the PL of EM waves in marine TDs. However, the PL is strongly non−linear with propagation range due to the trapped propagation effect inside duct layer, which makes accurate predictio

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34

Jones, Charles, Abheera Hazra, and Leila M. V. Carvalho. "The Madden–Julian Oscillation and Boreal Winter Forecast Skill: An Analysis of NCEP CFSv2 Reforecasts." Journal of Climate 28, no. 15 (2015): 6297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0149.1.

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Abstract The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the main mode of tropical intraseasonal variations and bridges weather and climate. Because the MJO has a slow eastward propagation and longer time scale relative to synoptic variability, significant interest exists in exploring the predictability of the MJO and its influence on extended-range weather forecasts (i.e., 2–4-week lead times). This study investigates the impact of the MJO on the forecast skill in Northern Hemisphere extratropics during boreal winter. Several 45-day forecasts of geopotential height (500 hPa) from NCEP Climate Forecast

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35

Kocańda, Dorota, and Janusz Mierzyński. "The Effect of a Complex Stress State on Fatigue Crack Propagation and the Orientation of the Cracking Plane in VT3-1 Aeronautical Titanium Alloy." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2009, no. 1 (2009): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10164-010-0011-0.

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The Effect of a Complex Stress State on Fatigue Crack Propagation and the Orientation of the Cracking Plane in VT3-1 Aeronautical Titanium AlloyThe subject of the paper is the investigations of fatigue crack imitation and propagation in notched specimens made of the VT3-1 aeronautical russian titanium alloy under combined bending - torsion loading. The presence of short cracks was revealed at various ratios of bending to torsion. Experimental courses of short and long crack growth rates have been proved by the SEM and TEM micrographs which illustrated the changes in the mechanism of cracking i

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36

Shcherbina, Andrey Y., Daniel L. Rudnick, and Lynne D. Talley. "Ice-Draft Profiling from Bottom-Mounted ADCP Data." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22, no. 8 (2005): 1249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1776.1.

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Abstract The feasibility of ice-draft profiling using an upward-looking bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is demonstrated. Ice draft is determined as the difference between the instrument depth, derived from high-accuracy pressure data, and the distance to the lower ice surface, determined by the ADCP echo travel time. Algorithms for the surface range estimate from the water-track echo intensity profiles, data quality control, and correction procedures have been developed. Sources of error in using an ADCP as an ice profiler were investigated using the models of sound sig

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37

Füllekrug, M., C. Hanuise, and M. Parrot. "Experimental simulation of satellite observations of 100 kHz radio waves from relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 2 (2011): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-667-2011.

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Abstract. Relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds emit 100 kHz radio waves which illuminate the Earth's atmosphere and near-Earth space. This contribution aims to clarify the physical processes which are relevant for the spatial spreading of the radio wave energy below and above the ionosphere and thereby enables an experimental simulation of satellite observations of 100 kHz radio waves from relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds. The simulation uses the DEMETER satellite which observes 100 kHz radio waves from fifty terrestrial Long Range Aid to Navigation (LORAN) transmitte

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38

Jameson, A. R. "Statistical Reliability of Neighboring Range Bin Estimates of Coherent Fractional Contributions to Radar Backscattered Power." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 3 (2011): 745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2649.1.

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Abstract It was recently demonstrated that magnitudes of the power-normalized cross-correlation functions of complex amplitudes in neighboring range bins are identical to the fractional contributions made by radar coherent backscatter in the direction of propagation to the total backscattered power in rain and snow. Here, a theoretical framework is presented for calculating the noise associated with estimates of these normalized cross correlations. This noise is identical to the statistical uncertainties in . Radar signals consist of two components: the usual incoherent backscatter often model

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Boeckenstedt, Alexander, Jack McCrae, Santasri Bose-Pillai, Benjamin Wilson, and Steven Fiorino. "Improving on Atmospheric Turbulence Profiles Derived from Dual Beacon Hartmann Turbulence Sensor Measurements." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (2022): 5822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125822.

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Atmospheric turbulence is an inevitable source of wavefront distortion in all fields of long range laser propagation and sensing. However, the distorting effects of turbulence can be corrected using wavefront sensors contained in adaptive optics systems. Such systems also provide deeper insight into surface layer turbulence, which is not well understood. A unique method of profile generation by a dual source Hartmann Turbulence Sensor (HTS) technique is introduced here. Measurements of optical turbulence along a horizontal path were taken to create Cn2 profiles. Two helium-neon laser beams wer

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Preusse, P., M. Ern, P. Bechtold, et al. "Characteristics of gravity waves resolved by ECMWF." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 19 (2014): 10483–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10483-2014.

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Abstract. Global model data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are analyzed for resolved gravity waves (GWs). Based on fitted 3-D wave vectors of individual waves and using the ECMWF global scale background fields, backward ray tracing from 25 km altitude is performed. Different sources such as orography, convection and winter storms are identified. It is found that due to oblique propagation waves spread widely from narrow source regions. Gravity waves which originate from regions of strong convection are frequently excited around the tropopause and have in th

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Zhou, Changyan, Ping Zhao, and Junming Chen. "The Interdecadal Change of Summer Water Vapor over the Tibetan Plateau and Associated Mechanisms." Journal of Climate 32, no. 13 (2019): 4103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0364.1.

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Abstract In recent decades, long-term changes of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) water vapor and the associated mechanisms have not been investigated fully. This study aims to examine the interdecadal change of summer TP water vapor using the monthly mean European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis during 1979–2014. The results show a drier phase in the TP during 1979–94, with a subsequent wetter phase, which suggests an interdecadal variation of summer TP water vapor around the middle of the 1990s. This interdecadal variation is mainly due to a significant change of the wat

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Cotrim, Camila de Sa, Alvaro Semedo, and Gil Lemos. "Brazil Wave Climate from a High-Resolution Wave Hindcast." Climate 10, no. 4 (2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10040053.

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A detailed climatology of ocean wind waves in the South Atlantic Ocean, based on ERA-5 reanalysis and in a higher-resolution wave hindcast (ERA-5H), both developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, is presented. The higher resolution of the wave fields in the ERA-5H (22 km) allowed for a better description of the wind sea and swell features compared to previous global and regional studies along the Brazilian coast. Overall, it is shown that swell waves are more prevalent and carry more energy in the offshore area of the study area, while wind sea waves dominate the nea

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Elgered, Gunnar, Tong Ning, Peter Forkman, and Rüdiger Haas. "On the information content in linear horizontal delay gradients estimated from space geodesy observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 7 (2019): 3805–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3805-2019.

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Abstract. We have studied linear horizontal gradients in the atmospheric propagation delay above ground-based stations receiving signals from the Global Positioning System (GPS). Gradients were estimated from 11 years of observations from five sites in Sweden. Comparing these gradients with the corresponding ones from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses shows that GPS gradients detect effects over different timescales caused by the hydrostatic and the wet components. The two stations equipped with microwave-absorbing material below the antenna, in general, s

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Ermakova, Tatiana S., Andrey V. Koval, Sergei P. Smyshlyaev, et al. "Manifestations of Different El Niño Types in the Dynamics of the Extratropical Stratosphere." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (2022): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122111.

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The behavior of planetary waves and their influence on the global circulation of the Northern Hemisphere during different El Niño types is studied. Three sets of five boreal winters were chosen for each El Niño type: Modoki I and II and canonical El Niño. Based on data of the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, the spatio-temporal structure of planetary waves and the residual mean circulation were analyzed. The results show that the canonical El Niño type is characterized by the weakest wave activity in March. It is also demonstr

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Kalashnik, Maxim V., and Otto Chkhetiani. "Generation of Gravity Waves by Singular Potential Vorticity Disturbances in Shear Flows." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 1 (2017): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0134.1.

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Abstract The linear mechanism of generation of gravity waves by potential vorticity (PV) disturbances in flows with constant horizontal and vertical shears is studied. The case of the initial singular distribution of PV, in which the PV is localized in one coordinate and is periodic with respect to other coordinates, is considered. In a stratified rotating medium, such a distribution induces a vortex wave (continuous mode), the propagation of which is accompanied by the emission of gravity waves. To find the emission characteristics, a linearized system of dynamical equations is reduced to wav

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Strube, Cornelia, Peter Preusse, Manfred Ern, and Martin Riese. "Propagation paths and source distributions of resolved gravity waves in ECMWF-IFS analysis fields around the southern polar night jet." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 24 (2021): 18641–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18641-2021.

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Abstract. In the southern winter polar stratosphere, the distribution of gravity wave momentum flux in many state-of-the-art climate simulations is inconsistent with long-time satellite and superpressure balloon observations around 60∘ S. Recent studies hint that a lateral shift between prominent gravity wave sources in the tropospheric mid-latitudes and the location where gravity wave activity is present in the stratosphere causes at least part of the discrepancy. This lateral shift cannot be represented by the column-based gravity wave drag parameterisations used in most general circulation

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Zou, Yufei, Yuhang Wang, Zuowei Xie, Hailong Wang, and Philip J. Rasch. "Atmospheric teleconnection processes linking winter air stagnation and haze extremes in China with regional Arctic sea ice decline." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 8 (2020): 4999–5017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4999-2020.

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Abstract. Recent studies suggested significant impacts of boreal cryosphere changes on wintertime air stagnation and haze pollution extremes in China. However, the underlying mechanisms of such a teleconnection relationship remains unclear. Here we use the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) to investigate dynamic processes leading to atmospheric circulation and air stagnation responses to Arctic sea ice changes. We conduct four climate sensitivity experiments by perturbing sea ice concentrations (SIC) and corresponding sea surface temperature (SST) in autumn and early winter over

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Reinoso-Rondinel, Ricardo, Christine Unal, and Herman Russchenberg. "Improved Estimation of the Specific Attenuation and Backscatter Differential Phase over Short Rain Paths." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 35, no. 12 (2018): 2359–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-17-0219.1.

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AbstractIn radar polarimetry, the differential phase consists of the propagation differential phase and the backscatter differential phase . While is commonly used for attenuation correction (i.e., estimation of the specific attenuation A and specific differential phase ), recent studies have demonstrated that can provide information concerning the dominant size of raindrops. However, the estimation of and is not straightforward given their coupled nature and the noisy behavior of , especially over short paths. In this work, the impacts of estimating on the estimation of A over short paths, us

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Cho, John Y. N., and Edward S. Chornoboy. "Multi-PRI Signal Processing for the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar. Part I: Clutter Filtering." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22, no. 5 (2005): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1730.1.

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Abstract Multiple pulse repetition interval (multi-PRI) transmission is part of an adaptive signal transmission and processing algorithm being developed to aggressively combat range–velocity ambiguity in weather radars. In the past, operational use of multi-PRI pulse trains has been hampered due to the difficulty in clutter filtering. This paper presents finite impulse response clutter filter designs for multi-PRI signals with excellent magnitude and phase responses. These filters provide strong suppression for use on low-elevation scans and yield low biases of velocity estimates so that accur

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Grubor, D. P., D. M. Šulić, and V. Žigman. "Classification of X-ray solar flares regarding their effects on the lower ionosphere electron density profile." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 7 (2008): 1731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-1731-2008.

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Abstract. The classification of X-ray solar flares is performed regarding their effects on the Very Low Frequency (VLF) wave propagation along the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. The changes in propagation are detected from an observed VLF signal phase and amplitude perturbations, taking place during X-ray solar flares. All flare effects chosen for the analysis are recorded by the Absolute Phase and Amplitude Logger (AbsPal), during the summer months of 2004–2007, on the single trace, Skelton (54.72 N, 2.88 W) to Belgrade (44.85 N, 20.38 E) with a distance along the Great Circle Path (GCP) D≈2000

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