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Journal articles on the topic 'Atmospheric physics Water vapor, Atmospheric'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Marshak, A., Y. Knyazikhin, J. C. Chiu, and W. J. Wiscombe. "Spectrally Invariant Approximation within Atmospheric Radiative Transfer." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 12 (2011): 3094–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-060.1.

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Abstract Certain algebraic combinations of single scattering albedo and solar radiation reflected from, or transmitted through, vegetation canopies do not vary with wavelength. These “spectrally invariant relationships” are the consequence of wavelength independence of the extinction coefficient and scattering phase function in vegetation. In general, this wavelength independence does not hold in the atmosphere, but in cloud-dominated atmospheres the total extinction and total scattering phase function vary only weakly with wavelength. This paper identifies the atmospheric conditions under whi

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2

Phokate, S. "Atmospheric water vapor: Distribution and Empirical estimation in the atmosphere of Thailand." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 901 (September 2017): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/901/1/012051.

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3

Bragg, S. L., та J. D. Kelley. "Atmospheric water vapor absorption at 13 μm". Applied Optics 26, № 3 (1987): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.000506.

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4

Makarieva, A. M., V. G. Gorshkov, D. Sheil, A. D. Nobre, and B. L. Li. "Where do winds come from? A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 2 (2013): 1039–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1039-2013.

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Abstract. Phase transitions of atmospheric water play a ubiquitous role in the Earth's climate system, but their direct impact on atmospheric dynamics has escaped wide attention. Here we examine and advance a theory as to how condensation influences atmospheric pressure through the mass removal of water from the gas phase with a simultaneous account of the latent heat release. Building from fundamental physical principles we show that condensation is associated with a decline in air pressure in the lower atmosphere. This decline occurs up to a certain height, which ranges from 3 to 4 km for su

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Makarieva, A. M., V. G. Gorshkov, D. Sheil, A. D. Nobre, and B. L. Li. "Where do winds come from? A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 10 (2010): 24015–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-24015-2010.

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Abstract. Phase transitions of atmospheric water play a ubiquitous role in the Earth's climate system, but their direct impact on atmospheric dynamics has escaped wide attention. Here we examine and advance a theory as to how condensation influences atmospheric pressure through the mass removal of water from the gas phase with a simultaneous account of the latent heat release. Building from fundamental physical principles we show that condensation is associated with a decline in air pressure in the lower atmosphere. This decline occurs up to a certain height, which ranges from 3 to 4 km for su

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6

Cormier, John G., Joseph T. Hodges, and James R. Drummond. "Infrared water vapor continuum absorption at atmospheric temperatures." Journal of Chemical Physics 122, no. 11 (2005): 114309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1862623.

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7

Querel, Richard R., and David A. Naylor. "Lunar absorption spectrophotometer for measuring atmospheric water vapor." Applied Optics 50, no. 4 (2011): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.000447.

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8

Vaquero-Martínez, Javier, and Manuel Antón. "Review on the Role of GNSS Meteorology in Monitoring Water Vapor for Atmospheric Physics." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (2021): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122287.

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After 30 years since the beginning of the Global Positioning System (GPS), or, more generally, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorology, this technique has proven to be a reliable method for retrieving atmospheric water vapor; it is low-cost, weather independent, with high temporal resolution and is highly accurate and precise. GNSS ground-based networks are becoming denser, and the first stations installed have now quite long time-series that allow the study of the temporal features of water vapor and its relevant role inside the climate system. In this review, the different GNSS

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9

Gettelman, A., and Q. Fu. "Observed and Simulated Upper-Tropospheric Water Vapor Feedback." Journal of Climate 21, no. 13 (2008): 3282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli2142.1.

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Abstract Satellite measurements from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) in the upper troposphere over 4.5 yr are used to assess the covariation of upper-tropospheric humidity and temperature with surface temperatures, which can be used to constrain the upper-tropospheric moistening due to the water vapor feedback. Results are compared to simulations from a general circulation model, the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), to see if the model can reproduce the variations. Results indicate that the upper troposphere maintains nearly constant relative humidity for observed perturbations t

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10

Gilmore, James B. "Understanding the Influence of Measurement Uncertainty on the Atmospheric Transition in Rainfall and Column Water Vapor." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 5 (2015): 2041–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0211.1.

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Abstract Measurement uncertainty plays a key role in understanding physical relationships. This is particularly the case near phase transitions where order parameters undergo fast changes and display large variability. Here the proposed atmospheric continuous phase transition is examined by analyzing uncertainty in rain-rate and column water vapor measurements from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and through an idealized error analysis. It is shown through both of these approaches that microwave rain-rate retrievals can mimic a continuous phase transition. This occurs because microwave

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11

Kämpfer, N., B. Deuber, D. Feist, et al. "Microwave remote sensing of water vapor in the atmosphere." Geographica Helvetica 58, no. 2 (2003): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-58-81-2003.

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Abstract. Water vapor in the atmosphere plays a crucial role in climate and in atmospheric processes. Due to its long chemical lifetime it can be used as a tracer for investigations of dynamical processes in the middle atmosphere. Microwave radiometry is one of the few remote sensing methods which is capable of inferring Information on the water vapor content of the troposphere to the mesosphere, however with a different altitude resolution. Different microwave radiometers that can be operated from the ground and from an airborne platform have been built at the Institute of Applied Physics, Un

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12

Trenberth, Kevin E., and Lesley Smith. "The Mass of the Atmosphere: A Constraint on Global Analyses." Journal of Climate 18, no. 6 (2005): 864–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-3299.1.

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Abstract The total mass of the atmosphere varies mainly from changes in water vapor loading; the former is proportional to global mean surface pressure and the water vapor component is computed directly from specific humidity and precipitable water using the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analyses (ERA-40). Their difference, the mass of the dry atmosphere, is estimated to be constant for the equivalent surface pressure to within 0.01 hPa based on changes in atmospheric composition. Global reanalyses satisfy this constraint for monthly means for 1979–2001 wi

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13

Zhang, Tao, Martin P. Hoerling, Judith Perlwitz, De-Zheng Sun, and Donald Murray. "Physics of U.S. Surface Temperature Response to ENSO." Journal of Climate 24, no. 18 (2011): 4874–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli3944.1.

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Abstract To elucidate physical processes responsible for the response of U.S. surface temperatures to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the surface energy balance is diagnosed from observations, with emphasis on the role of clouds, water vapor, and land surface properties associated with snow cover and soil moisture. Results for the winter season (December–February) indicate that U.S. surface temperature conditions associated with ENSO are determined principally by anomalies in the surface radiative heating—the sum of absorbed solar radiation and downward longwave radiation. Each component

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14

St-Pierre, Médéric, and Julie M. Thériault. "Clarification of the Water Saturation Represented on Ice Crystal Growth Diagrams." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 7 (2015): 2608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0357.1.

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It has been known for a long time that the shape of ice crystals depends on both the air temperature and the relative humidity of the environment. The relationships among these factors have been summarized in classification diagrams and are intensively referred to in the cloud physics literature. To put in perspective the atmospheric conditions in which the different ice crystal habits grow with respect to the level of saturation in the atmosphere, the vapor density excess and supersaturation with respect to ice at liquid water saturation have been included on those diagrams as a function of a

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15

De Freitas, Rose Ane Pereira, Ronald Buss Souza, Rafael Reis, and Douglas Lindemann. "Relação entre o Vapor D’Água Atmosférico e a Temperatura da Superfície do Mar Sobre a Região da Confluência Brasil-Malvinas, com Base em Dados Coletados In Situ (Relationship between Atmospheric Water Vapor Content and the Sea Surface Temperature in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence considering Data Collected In Situ)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 5 (2019): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.5.p1687-1702.

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A atmosfera consiste em um dos menores reservatórios de água do planeta, contribuindo com 0,001% da massa total da água presente, porém, sendo de fundamental importância para os processos físicos na atmosfera. A partir de dados obtidos através de 130 perfis de radiossondas realizados durante dez cruzeiros oceanográficos nos meses de outubro e novembro, entre 2004 e 2015, analisa-se a influência dos gradientes de temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM) e a passagem de sistemas atmosféricos transientes na variabilidade espaço-temporal da concentração de vapor d’água da camada limite atmosférica m

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16

Wang, Yingxin, Zhiqiang Chen, Ziran Zhao, Li Zhang, Kejun Kang, and Yan Zhang. "Restoration of terahertz signals distorted by atmospheric water vapor absorption." Journal of Applied Physics 105, no. 10 (2009): 103105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3129308.

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17

Shell, Karen M. "Consistent Differences in Climate Feedbacks between Atmosphere–Ocean GCMs and Atmospheric GCMs with Slab-Ocean Models*." Journal of Climate 26, no. 12 (2013): 4264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00519.1.

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Abstract Climate sensitivity is generally studied using two types of models. Atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) include interactive ocean dynamics and detailed heat uptake. Atmospheric GCMs (AGCMs) with slab ocean models (SOMs) cannot fully simulate the ocean’s response to and influence on climate. However, AGCMs are computationally cheaper and thus are often used to quantify and understand climate feedbacks and sensitivity. Here, physical climate feedbacks are compared between AOGCMs and SOM-AGCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) using the radia

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18

Slocum, David M., Elizabeth J. Slingerland, Robert H. Giles, and Thomas M. Goyette. "Atmospheric absorption of terahertz radiation and water vapor continuum effects." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 127 (September 2013): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.04.022.

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19

Wu, You, Feng Zhang, Kun Wu, Min Min, Wenwen Li, and Renqiang Liu. "Best Water Vapor Information Layer of Himawari-8-Based Water Vapor Bands over East Asia." Sensors 20, no. 8 (2020): 2394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082394.

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The best water vapor information layer (BWIL), based on Himawari-8 water vapor bands over a typical region of East Asia, is investigated with the U.S. standard atmospheric profile and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis-interim (ERA-interim) dataset. The sensitivity tests reveal that the height of the BWIL is connected heavily to the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, and to the satellite zenith angle. According to the temporal and spatial distribution analysis of BWIL, there are two basic features of BWIL. First, it lifts from January to July gradually and des

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20

Wang, Jiali, Prasanna Balaprakash, and Rao Kotamarthi. "Fast domain-aware neural network emulation of a planetary boundary layer parameterization in a numerical weather forecast model." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 10 (2019): 4261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4261-2019.

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Abstract. Parameterizations for physical processes in weather and climate models are computationally expensive. We use model output from the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) climate model to train deep neural networks (DNNs) and evaluate whether trained DNNs can provide an accurate alternative to the physics-based parameterizations. Specifically, we develop an emulator using DNNs for a planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization in the WRF model. PBL parameterizations are used in atmospheric models to represent the diurnal variation in the formation and collapse of the atmospheric boundary

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21

Sun You-Wen, Liu Wen-Qing, Xie Pin-Hua, et al. "Measurement of atmospheric water vapor using infrared differential optical absorption spectroscopy." Acta Physica Sinica 61, no. 14 (2012): 140705. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.61.140705.

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22

Senba, Hikaru, Haruka Suzuki, and Hirotaka Toyoda. "Atmospheric pressure water-vapor plasma in an air-shielded environment by water flow." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 58, SA (2018): SAAC05. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/1347-4065/aaeb3d.

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23

Bruneau, D., H. Cazeneuve, C. Loth, and J. Pelon. "Double-pulse dual-wavelength alexandrite laser for atmospheric water vapor measurement." Applied Optics 30, no. 27 (1991): 3930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.30.003930.

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24

Turner, D. D., and U. Löhnert. "Information Content and Uncertainties in Thermodynamic Profiles and Liquid Cloud Properties Retrieved from the Ground-Based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI)." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53, no. 3 (2014): 752–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-0126.1.

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AbstractThe Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) observes spectrally resolved downwelling radiance emitted by the atmosphere in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Profiles of temperature and water vapor, and cloud liquid water path and effective radius for a single liquid cloud layer, are retrieved using an optimal estimation–based physical retrieval algorithm from AERI-observed radiance data. This algorithm provides a full error covariance matrix for the solution, and both the degrees of freedom for signal and the Shannon information content. The algorithm is

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25

Murtagh, D., U. Frisk, F. Merino, et al. "An overview of the Odin atmospheric mission." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 4 (2002): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p01-157.

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Odin is a 250 kg class satellite built in co-operation between Sweden, Canada, France, and Finland and launched in February 2001. It carries two instruments: a 4-band sub-millimetre radiometer used for both astronomy and atmospheric science and an optical spectrometer and infrared imaging system for purely atmospheric observations. As part of the joint mission Odin will observe the atmospheric limb for 50% of the observation time producing profiles of many species of interest in the middle atmosphere with a vertical resolution of 12 km. These species include, among others, ozone, nitrogen dio

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26

Zhang, He, Minghua Zhang, and Qing-cun Zeng. "Sensitivity of Simulated Climate to Two Atmospheric Models: Interpretation of Differences between Dry Models and Moist Models." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 5 (2013): 1558–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00367.1.

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Abstract The dynamical core of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Atmospheric General Circulation Model (IAP AGCM) and the Eulerian spectral transform dynamical core of the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3.1 (CAM3.1), developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) are used to study the sensitivity of simulated climate. The authors report that when the dynamical cores are used with the same CAM3.1 physical parameterizations of comparable resolutions, the model with the IAP dynamical core simulated a colder troposphere than that from th

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27

Frierson, Dargan M. W., Isaac M. Held, and Pablo Zurita-Gotor. "A Gray-Radiation Aquaplanet Moist GCM. Part I: Static Stability and Eddy Scale." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 10 (2006): 2548–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3753.1.

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Abstract In this paper, a simplified moist general circulation model is developed and used to study changes in the atmospheric general circulation as the water vapor content of the atmosphere is altered. The key elements of the model physics are gray radiative transfer, in which water vapor and other constituents have no effect on radiative fluxes, a simple diffusive boundary layer with prognostic depth, and a mixed layer aquaplanet surface boundary condition. This GCM can be integrated stably without a convection parameterization, with large-scale condensation only, and this study focuses on

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AKATA, Naofumi, Hideki KAKIUCHI, Masahiro TANAKA, et al. "Development of Rapid Sampling System of Atmospheric Water Vapor for Tritium Measurement." Plasma and Fusion Research 13 (June 12, 2018): 3405064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/pfr.13.3405064.

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29

Yufeng, Wang, Wang Qing, and Hua Dengxin. "Preliminary exploration of atmospheric water vapor, liquid water and ice water by ultraviolet Raman lidar." Optics Express 27, no. 25 (2019): 36311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.036311.

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30

Azam, F., K. Bramstedt, A. Rozanov, et al. "SCIAMACHY lunar occultation water vapor measurements: retrieval and validation results." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 10 (2012): 2499–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-2499-2012.

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Abstract. SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) lunar occultation measurements have been used to derive vertical profiles of stratospheric water vapor for the Southern Hemisphere in the near infrared (NIR) spectral range of 1350–1420 nm. The focus of this study is to present the retrieval methodology including the sensitivity studies and optimizations for the implementation of the radiative transfer model on SCIAMACHY lunar occultation measurements. The study also includes the validation of the data product with the collocated measurements from two s

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31

BUZYKIN, O. G., A. A. IONIN, S. V. IVANOV, A. A. KOTKOV, L. V. SELEZNEV, and A. V. SHUSTOV. "Resonant absorption of first-overtone CO laser radiation by atmospheric water vapor and pollutants." Laser and Particle Beams 18, no. 4 (2000): 697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600184113.

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Resonant absorption of first-overtone (FO) CO laser radiation by atmospheric water vapor and various organic and nonorganic pollutants is discussed. Suitable ro-vibrational lines are selected for their potential use in traditional spectroscopic schemes of atmospheric pollution diagnostics. Nonlinear atmospheric absorption of intense multiline FO CO laser radiation is simulated and laser-induced changes in absorption spectra are demonstrated. Absorption coefficients of a few substances on several FO CO ro-vibrational lines are experimentally measured. A comparative analysis of spectral characte

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32

Nair, Prabha R., and K. Krishna Moorthy. "Effects of changes in atmospheric water vapor content on physical properties of atmospheric aerosols at a coastal station." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 60, no. 6 (1998): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(98)00009-1.

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33

Hardiman, Steven C., Ian A. Boutle, Andrew C. Bushell, et al. "Processes Controlling Tropical Tropopause Temperature and Stratospheric Water Vapor in Climate Models." Journal of Climate 28, no. 16 (2015): 6516–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0075.1.

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Abstract A warm bias in tropical tropopause temperature is found in the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM), in common with most models from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5). Key dynamical, microphysical, and radiative processes influencing the tropical tropopause temperature and lower-stratospheric water vapor concentrations in climate models are investigated using the MetUM. A series of sensitivity experiments are run to separate the effects of vertical advection, ice optical and microphysical properties, convection, cirrus clouds, and atmospheric composition on simulated tropopause temperature and lowe

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34

Hottovy, Scott, and Samuel N. Stechmann. "A Spatiotemporal Stochastic Model for Tropical Precipitation and Water Vapor Dynamics." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 12 (2015): 4721–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0119.1.

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Abstract A linear stochastic model is presented for the dynamics of water vapor and tropical convection. Despite its linear formulation, the model reproduces a wide variety of observational statistics from disparate perspectives, including (i) a cloud cluster area distribution with an approximate power law; (ii) a power spectrum of spatiotemporal red noise, as in the “background spectrum” of tropical convection; and (iii) a suite of statistics that resemble the statistical physics concepts of critical phenomena and phase transitions. The physical processes of the model are precipitation, evapo

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35

Luiz do Vale Silva, Thiago, Doris Veleda, Moacyr Araujo, and Pedro Tyaquiçã. "Ocean–Atmosphere Feedback during Extreme Rainfall Events in Eastern Northeast Brazil." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, no. 5 (2018): 1211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0232.1.

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AbstractThe coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave–sediment transport model and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model were used to simulate extreme rainfall events from 10 to 25 June 2010 in eastern Northeast Brazil (ENEB). The simulations aimed at investigating the improvements from using a coupled ocean–atmospheric model of meteorological systems as the ocean–atmosphere interactions intensified during the period when flood events occurred in ENEB. In June 2010, the sea surface temperature (SST) was warmer than 28.5°C in the western tropical South Atlantic Ocean with anomalies a

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Huang, Wei, Song Feng, Jianhui Chen, and Fahu Chen. "Physical Mechanisms of Summer Precipitation Variations in the Tarim Basin in Northwestern China." Journal of Climate 28, no. 9 (2015): 3579–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00395.1.

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Abstract The Tarim basin (TB) in northwestern China is one of the most arid regions in the middle latitudes, where water is scarce year-round. This study investigates the variations of summer precipitation in the TB and their association with water vapor fluxes and atmospheric circulation. The results suggest that the variations of summer precipitation in the TB are dominated by the water vapor fluxes from the south and east, although the long-term mean water vapor mostly comes from the west. The anomalous water vapor fluxes are closely associated with the meridional teleconnection pattern aro

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Rodriguez-Santiago, Victor, Andres A. Bujanda, Benjamin E. Stein, and Daphne D. Pappas. "Atmospheric Plasma Processing of Polymers in Helium-Water Vapor Dielectric Barrier Discharges." Plasma Processes and Polymers 8, no. 7 (2011): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201000186.

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Thome, Kurtis J., Mark W. Smith, James M. Palmer, and John A. Reagan. "Three-channel solar radiometer for the determination of atmospheric columnar water vapor." Applied Optics 33, no. 24 (1994): 5811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.33.005811.

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39

Koga, Nobuyoshi, Loic Favergeon, and Satoki Kodani. "Impact of atmospheric water vapor on the thermal decomposition of calcium hydroxide: a universal kinetic approach to a physico-geometrical consecutive reaction in solid–gas systems under different partial pressures of product gas." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 22 (2019): 11615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01327j.

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Porter, Jack G., Warren De Bruyn, and Eric S. Saltzman. "Eddy flux measurements of sulfur dioxide deposition to the sea surface." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 20 (2018): 15291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15291-2018.

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Abstract. Deposition to the sea surface is a major atmospheric loss pathway for many important trace gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2). The air–sea transfer of SO2 is controlled entirely on the atmospheric side of the air–sea interface due to high effective solubility and other physical–chemical properties. There have been few direct field measurements of such fluxes due to the challenges associated with making fast-response measurements of highly soluble trace gases at very low ambient levels. In this study, we report direct eddy covariance air–sea flux measurements of SO2, sensible heat, w

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Clark, Spencer K., Yi Ming, Isaac M. Held, and Peter J. Phillipps. "The Role of the Water Vapor Feedback in the ITCZ Response to Hemispherically Asymmetric Forcings." Journal of Climate 31, no. 9 (2018): 3659–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0723.1.

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In comprehensive and idealized general circulation models, hemispherically asymmetric forcings lead to shifts in the latitude of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Prior studies using comprehensive GCMs (with complicated parameterizations of radiation, clouds, and convection) suggest that the water vapor feedback tends to amplify the movement of the ITCZ in response to a given hemispherically asymmetric forcing, but this effect has yet to be elucidated in isolation. This study uses an idealized moist model, coupled to a full radiative transfer code, but without clouds, to examine the r

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42

Collette, S., T. Dufour, and F. Reniers. "Reactivity of water vapor in an atmospheric argon flowing post-discharge plasma torch." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 25, no. 2 (2016): 025014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/25/2/025014.

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43

Ha, Ji-Hyun, Du-Sik Kim, Kwan-Dong Park, and Ji-Hye Won. "Observation of Atmospheric Water Vapors Using AIRS." Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 26, no. 4 (2009): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2009.26.4.547.

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Darby, Lisa S., Allen B. White, Daniel J. Gottas, and Timothy Coleman. "An Evaluation of Integrated Water Vapor, Wind, and Precipitation Forecasts Using Water Vapor Flux Observations in the Western United States." Weather and Forecasting 34, no. 6 (2019): 1867–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-18-0159.1.

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Abstract Differences between forecasts and observations at eight atmospheric river observatories (AROs) in the western United States during winter 2015/16 are analyzed. NOAA’s operational RAP and HRRR 3-h forecasts of wind, integrated water vapor (IWV), integrated water vapor flux (IWV flux), and precipitation from the grid points nearest the AROs were paired with ARO observations presented in the NOAA/Physical Sciences Division’s water vapor flux tool (WVFT). The focus of this paper is to characterize and quantify the differences in the WVFT observations and forecasts. We used traditional for

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Newman, Stuart M., Paul D. Green, Igor V. Ptashnik, et al. "Airborne and satellite remote sensing of the mid-infrared water vapour continuum." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1968 (2012): 2611–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0223.

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Remote sensing of the atmosphere from space plays an increasingly important role in weather forecasting. Exploiting observations from the latest generation of weather satellites relies on an accurate knowledge of fundamental spectroscopy, including the water vapour continuum absorption. Field campaigns involving the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements research aircraft have collected a comprehensive dataset, comprising remotely sensed infrared radiance observations collocated with accurate measurements of the temperature and humidity structure of the atmosphere. These field measurem

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Lebedev, Yurii, Alekcey Tatarinov, Irina Epstein, and Alexander Titov. "Features of processes in a microwave discharge in water vapor." Applied Physics, no. 3 (July 8, 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51368/1996-0948-2021-3-5-10.

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A zero-dimensional steady-state simulation of microwave discharge in water vapor at atmos-pheric and reduced pressures and a constant gas temperature has been carried out. A model of a continuous stirring reactor is used. A joint solution of the balance equations for neutral and charged plasma components, the Boltzmann equation for plasma electrons, and the equation for the stationary distribution of the microwave field in a volume filled with plasma is carried out. The dependences of various parameters of thedischarge (the magnitude of the microwave field, the concentrations of all components

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Cheng Jiuming, 程久明, 李建玉 Li Jianyu, 崔朝龙 Cui Chaolong, 黄尧 Huang Yao, 戴聪明 Dai Congming, and 黄宏华 Huang Honghua. "Simultaneous Measurement of Total Atmospheric Transmittance and Precipitable Water Vapor at Night." Acta Optica Sinica 41, no. 4 (2021): 0401003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202141.0401003.

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Loescher, H. W., C. V. Hanson, and T. W. Ocheltree. "The Psychrometric Constant Is Not Constant: A Novel Approach to Enhance the Accuracy and Precision of Latent Energy Fluxes through Automated Water Vapor Calibrations." Journal of Hydrometeorology 10, no. 5 (2009): 1271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jhm1148.1.

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Abstract Numerous agencies, programs, and national networks are focused on improving understanding of water and energy fluxes across temporal and spatial scales and on enhancing confidence to synthesize data across multiple sites. Enhancing the accuracy and precision in the surface energy balance and the latent energy (λE) flux lies, in part, with being able to uniformly calibrate water vapor measurements at and among sites to traceable standards. This paper examines (i) the traceable physical controls on field applications of chilled-mirror hygrometers and (ii) an automated means to accuratel

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Elgered, Gunnar, and Per O. J. Jarlemark. "Ground-based microwave radiometry and long-term observations of atmospheric water vapor." Radio Science 33, no. 3 (1998): 707–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98rs00488.

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Mattingly, Kyle S., Thomas L. Mote, Xavier Fettweis, et al. "Strong Summer Atmospheric Rivers Trigger Greenland Ice Sheet Melt through Spatially Varying Surface Energy Balance and Cloud Regimes." Journal of Climate 33, no. 16 (2020): 6809–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0835.1.

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ABSTRACTMass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has accelerated over the past two decades, coincident with rapid Arctic warming and increasing moisture transport over Greenland by atmospheric rivers (ARs). Summer ARs affecting western Greenland trigger GrIS melt events, but the physical mechanisms through which ARs induce melt are not well understood. This study elucidates the coupled surface–atmosphere processes by which ARs force GrIS melt through analysis of the surface energy balance (SEB), cloud properties, and local- to synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions during strong summer AR

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