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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Atmospheric physics Water vapor'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Park, ShinJu. "Water vapor estimation using near-surface radar refractivity during IHOP_2002." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81424.

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A ground-based radar refractivity mapping technique is used to measure water vapor near the surface during the International H2O Project in May and June, 2002 (IHOP_2002). Radar-measured refractivity is compared with refractivity estimated from surface station observations during this field experiment. Bias in radar and station refractivity is found to occur often when humidity is high. Possible reasons for this difference between radar and station observations are discussed. Most of the biases were associated either with inaccurate humidity observations by stations or with the small he
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2

Koby, Timothy Robert. "Development of a Trajectory Model for the Analysis of Stratospheric Water Vapor." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493564.

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To study stratospheric water vapor, a new trajectory model was created. The model is built from first principles specific to stratospheric motion and can run on any gridded dataset, making it more versatile than current solutions. The design of a new model was motivated by measurements of elevated stratospheric water vapor, which in situ isotopic measurements have determined to be tropospheric in origin. A moist stratosphere has substantial feedbacks in the climate system including radiative, chemical, and biological effects. Additionally, elevated stratospheric water vapor is theorized as an
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3

Vann, Lelia Belle. "Ultra narrow band fiber optic Bragg grating filters for atmospheric water vapor measurements." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280456.

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Optical fibers have revolutionized telecommunications. Much of the success of optical fiber lies in its near-ideal properties: low transmission loss, high optical damage threshold, and low optical nonlinearity. The photosensitivity of an optical fiber was accidentally discovered by Hill, et al. in 1978. However, the technological advances made in the field of photosensitive optical fibers are relatively recent. This fascinating technology of photosensitive fiber is based on the principle of a simple in-line all-fiber optical filter. It has been shown that the transmission spectrum of a fiber B
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4

Wassenberg, Chris Alan 1959. "Development of a multi-frequency microwave radiometer for the measurement of atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277271.

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The development of a system capable of continuously monitoring atmospheric brightness temperatures at H₂O and O₂ absorption/emission windows is discussed. Designed for remote (unattended) operation, the system employs radiometric technology and operates at microwave frequencies, thereby achieving essentially all-weather operation. The design, construction and calibration of the radiometer system are described. In addition, some of the physics and mathematics on which the theory of atmospheric radiative transfer is based is presented. Examples of measurements made during the system's first oper
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5

Wang, Sheng-Hung. "Large-scale moisture flux analysis for the United States." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1073015878.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 154 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Jeffery C. Rogers, Dept. of Atmospheric Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-153).
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6

Sargent, Maryann Racine. "The Response of Stratospheric Water Vapor to a Changing Climate: Insights from In Situ Water Vapor Measurements." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10623.

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Stratospheric water vapor plays an important role in the Earth system, both through its role in stratospheric ozone destruction and as a greenhouse gas contributing to radiative forcing of the climate. Highly accurate water vapor measurements are critical to understanding how stratospheric water vapor concentrations will respond to a changing climate. However, the past disagreement among water vapor instruments on the order of 1 – 2 ppmv hinders understanding of the mechanisms which control stratospheric humidity, and the reliable detection of water vapor trends. In response to these issues, w
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7

Pan, Xiong. "Theoretical Studies of Atmospheric Water Complexes." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1163.

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Intermolecular complexes between H₂O and atmospheric species HO, HO₂, H₂O₂, O₃, NO and NO₂ have been studied by ab initio molecular orbital methods. The studies have been performed to the MP2 theory level by using 4-31G, 6-31G, D95, 6-31G**, D95**, 6-311G**, 6-311+G**, 6-311++G**, 6-311+G(2d,lp) and 6-311+G(2d,2p) basis sets. The geometries were fully optimized. The vibrational frequencies were calculated. The Basis Set Superposition Error (BSSE) were estimated. Finally, the binding energies of the complexes were predicted with other thermochemical properties. The binding energies
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8

Wiedner, Martina Corinna. "Atmospheric water vapour and astronomical millimetre interferometry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://www.mma.nrao.edu/workinggroups/cal%5Fimaging/183GHz.html.

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9

Hancock, Jay Brian 1976. "Passive microwave and hyperspectral infrared retrievals of atmospheric water vapor profiles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8573.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-234).<br>Two clear-air relative humidity profile estimators were designed and implemented using neural networks. The microwave estimator is the first to utilize 54-, 118-, and 183-GHz channels for simultaneously retrieving a relative humidity profile. It utilizes 2 separate instruments simultaneously. The first instrument is a medium-resolution dual-band radiometer with one set of 8 double-sideband 118-GHz channels and a second set of
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10

Beucler, Tom(Tom George). "Interaction between water vapor, radiation and convection in the tropics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121758.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2019<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 227-251).<br>The spatiotemporal variability of water vapor near the Equator remains poorly understood because convective organization simultaneously spans the cloud scale (~ 10km) and the planetary scale (~ 10, 000km). Spatiotemporal variability of tropical water vapor may result from internal instabilities of the atmosphere, arising from the interaction between water vapor, radiation and con
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11

Conant, William Christopher. "Interactions between aerosol, water vapor, and solar radiation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3025938.

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12

Larson, Kristin Ann. "Tropical climate sensitivities : clouds, water vapor, radiation and large-scale circulation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10015.

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13

Nessel, James Aaron. "Estimation of Atmospheric Phase Scintillation Via Decorrelation of Water Vapor Radiometer Signals." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1447701180.

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14

Querel, Richard Robert, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapour above the Chilean Andes." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, 2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2586.

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Water vapour is the principle source of opacity at infrared wavelengths in the Earth’s atmosphere. In support of site testing for the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT), we have used La Silla and Paranal as calibration sites to verify satellite measurements of precipitable water vapour (PWV). We reconstructed the PWV history over both sites by analysing thousands of archived high-resolution echelle calibration spectra and compared that to satellite estimates for the same period. Three PWV measurement campaigns were conducted over both sites using several independent measurement techniq
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15

Williams, Joshua Bruce. "Algorithm Development for Column Water Vapor Retrieval Using the SAM Sensor." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/59.

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To understand and model the energetics of the Sun-Earth connection, measurements of specific atmospheric molecules are beneficial. The objective is to formulate an algorithm to derive temporally varying atmospheric water vapor concentrations as functions of altitude, latitude, and longitude from solar irradiance absorption measurements. The Visidyne SAM (Sun and Aureole Measurement) instrument, which studies the size and distribution of cloud particles, was used to obtain the experimental data. By introducing a spectrometer to the SAM instrument, column water vapor is produced as part of the d
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16

Rizk, Bashar. "Observations and modelling of the Martian water vapor budget for 1988-1989." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185634.

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During 1988-89, the 1.5 m telescope on Mt. Bigelow, Arizona, combined with the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory echelle spectrograph, recorded 20 spectral CCD images of Mars during early spring, mid- and late summer, and autumnal equinox in its southern hemisphere. These images contained absorption features which permitted latitudinally resolved measurements of water vapor column abundance in the martian atmosphere on these four occasions, corresponding to the areocentric longitudes (L(s)) 208, 320, 340, and 360°. This dissertation describes the acquisition, analysis, and modeling of this data s
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17

Pazera, Marcin. "Development of experimental methods for characterizing water vapor transmission in building materials." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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18

Anderson, Jesse Charles. "The Intrinsic Variability in the Water Vapor Saturation Ratio Due to Turbulence." Thesis, Michigan Technological University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10684480.

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<p> The water vapor concentration plays an important role for many atmospheric processes. The mean concentration is key to understand water vapor's effect on the climate as a greenhouse gas. The fluctuations about the mean are important to understand heat fluxes between Earth's surface and the boundary layer. These fluctuations are linked to turbulence that is present in the boundary layer. Turbulent conditions are simulated in Michigan Tech&rsquo;s multiphase, turbulent reaction chamber, the &Pi; chamber. Measurements for temperature and water vapor concentration were recorded under forced Ra
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19

Smith, Jessica Birte. "The Sources and Significance of Stratospheric Water Vapor: Mechanistic Studies from Equator to Pole." Thesis, Harvard University, 2011. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10034.

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It is the future of the stratospheric ozone layer, which protects life at Earth’s surface from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, that is the focus of the present work. Fundamental changes in the composition and structure of the stratosphere in response to anthropogenic climate forcing may lead to catastrophic ozone loss under current, and even reduced, stratospheric halogen loading. In particular, the evolution toward a colder, wetter stratosphere, threatens to enhance the heterogeneous conversion of inorganic halogen from its reservoir species to its catalytically active forms, and thus pro
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20

Jian, Yongxiao. "Retrieval of temperature and water vapor from combined satellite and ground based ultra-spectral measurements." Thesis, Hampton University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3592878.

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<p> Ultra-spectrometers with a spectral resolution better than 1 cm<sub>-1</sub>, such as AIRS on the AQUA, IASI on the Metop-A/B, and CrIS on the Suomi-NPP, have become operational during the past decade. The radiance spectra measured by these satellite-borne spectrometers provide soundings of the atmosphere with relatively high vertical resolution and high accuracy except for the lower atmosphere. Meanwhile, many ground-based ultra-spectrometers based on the Michelson Interferometer have been incorporated into the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement facilities and aboard
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21

Hausmann, Petra [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Sussmann. "Long-Term Monitoring of Atmospheric Water Vapor and Methane / Petra Hausmann ; Betreuer: Ralf Sussmann." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1143518926/34.

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22

Brooks, Christopher K. "Multispectral analysis of maritime clouds at night in the presence of atmospheric water vapor." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA256699.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1992.<br>Thesis Advisors: Durkee, Philip A. ; Wash, Carlyle H. "June 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 10, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-72). Also available in print.
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23

THOMASON, LARRY WILLIS. "EXTINCTION OF NEAR INFRARED SOLAR RADIATION AS A MEANS FOR REMOTE DETERMINATION OF ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188078.

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A computationally efficient and accurate model is derived for the calculation of the atmospheric transmittance along inhomogeneous paths and within spectral bands dominated by molecular line absorption. It is a Stieltjes integration of transmission weighted by the frequency of occurrence of absorption coefficient within the band. Path inhomogeneitites are accounted for by assuming that the rank of absorption coefficient at any wavenumber is independent of temperature and pressure. The technique is then applied to the ground based radiometric determination of precipitable water. It is found tha
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24

Reichert, Andreas [Verfasser], and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Mayer. "Quantification of the infrared water vapor continuum by atmospheric measurements / Andreas Reichert ; Betreuer: Bernhard Mayer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1123957398/34.

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25

Bonazza, Mattia [Verfasser]. "Water vapor, precipitation and evapotranspiration isotopic composition in the tropical atmospheric boundary layer / Mattia Bonazza." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123249268X/34.

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26

Cramer, J., B. Biggs, J. Contapay, A. Iskandar, and A. Mahan. "A SMALL SATELLITE FOR MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC WATER CONTENT; PART I, DOWNLINK AND COMMAND SYSTEMS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607662.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>This student paper was produced as part of the team design competition in the University of Arizona course ECE 485, Radiowaves and Telemetry. It describes a telemetering system design recommendation for a small satellite capable of conducting scientific research regarding atmospheric water content. This paper focuses on the subsystems required to send the scientific data and monitored operational conditions from the satellite to, and commands to the satellite from
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27

Aura, Stella M. (Stella Marris). "Fresh water forcing of the North Atlantic." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56641.

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Several numerical experiments are carried out using the Bryan-Cox Ocean General Circulation Model to investigate the variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation under steady, non-zonal, surface forcing and realistic geometry. To this end the annual mean surface forcing fields were derived from the climatological data sets of Levitus (1982), Hellerman and Rosenstein (1983) and, Schmitt et al. (1989). Further, Arctic freshwater flux, an important part of the hydrological cycle within the North Atlantic Deep Water formation region, is taken into account.<br>It is found that under p
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28

Brösamlen, Gerd. "Radiative transfer in lognormal multifractal clouds and analysis of cloud liquid water data." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68158.

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The study of radiative transfer in multifractal clouds is of great interest, an important application being to Global Climate Models. In this work we develop a formalism analogous to the multifractal singularity formalism for understanding photon scattering statistics in radiative transfer in multifractals, and test the results numerically on lognormal multifractals. Although the results are only exactly valid in the thick cloud limit, the approximation is found to be quite accurate down to optical thickness of $ tau approx1$-10, so the results may be widely applicable. Furthermore we show the
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29

Meunier, Véronique. "On the performance of ground-based microwave radiometers in tomographic measurements of a 2D atmospheric water vapor field." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121178.

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Since water vapor plays an important role in the atmosphere, many different instruments capable of measuring quantities of vapor are available to atmospheric scientists. One such instrument is the microwave radiometer that can measure low-resolution profiles of water vapor. However, in the case of boundary layer and convective initiation studies, the resolution requirements by the scientific community are more demanding than what the instrumentation is currently capable of providing. Therefore, measurements techniques have been developed to help bridge this gap. One of these measurement techni
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30

Hanley, Thomas Ryan. "The microwave opacity of ammonia and water vapor: application to remote sensing of the atmosphere of Jupiter." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24673.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Committee Chair: Dr. Paul G. Steffes; Committee Member: Dr. Gregory D. Durgin; Committee Member: Dr. Robert D. Braun; Committee Member: Dr. Thomas K. Gaylord; Committee Member: Dr. Waymond R. Scott
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31

Karpowicz, Bryan Mills. "In search of water vapor on Jupiter: laboratory measurements of the microwave properties of water vapor and simulations of Jupiter's microwave emission in support of the Juno mission." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33947.

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This research has involved the conduct of a series of laboratory measurements of the centimeter-wavelength opacity of water vapor along with the development of a hybrid radiative transfer ray-tracing simulator for the atmosphere of Jupiter which employs a model for water vapor opacity derived from the measurements. For this study an existing Georgia Tech high-sensitivity microwave measurement system (Hanley and Steffes , 2007) has been adapted for pressures ranging from 12-100 bars, and a corresponding temperature range of 293-525°K. Water vapor is measured in a mixture of hydrogen and helium.
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32

Hittle, K., A. Braga, R. Ackerman, et al. "A SMALL SATELLITE FOR MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC WATER CONTENT; PART II, CROSSLINK AND DATA COLLECTION." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607693.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>This student paper was produced as part of the team design competition in the University of Arizona course ECE 485, Radiowaves and Telemetry. It describes a telemetering system design recommendation for a small satellite capable of conducting scientific research regarding atmospheric water content. This paper focuses on the cross-link subsystem required to make the scientific measurements and on the power generation and distribution subsystem for the satellite. A
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33

Friedman, Karen S. (Karen Samard). "Global atmospheric water vapor flux climatology in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and the Oort data set." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10371.

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34

Fullick, Simon Geoffrey. "Energy Balance Models With Three Phases Of Water Feedback." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9440.

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Simple one-dimensional heat balance equations have been used to understand climate concepts since the 1960s, when a class of models was developed known as energy balance models (EBMs). EBMs use the growth or loss of polar surface ice as a climatic feedback, giving rise to surprisingly complex non-linear behaviours. One aspect of EBMs that has been relatively poorly examined is the effects of feedbacks caused by the other two phases of water in Earth’s climate other than ice: water clouds and water vapour. Cloud and water vapour play a critical role in the energy balance of Earth’s climate, and
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35

Lathem, Terry Lee. "On the water uptake of atmospheric aerosol particles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50112.

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The feedbacks among aerosols, clouds, and radiation are important components for understanding Earth's climate system and quantifying human-induced climate change, yet the magnitude of these feedbacks remain highly uncertain. Since every cloud droplet in the atmosphere begins with water condensing on a pre-existing aerosol particle, characterizing the ability of aerosols to uptake water vapor and form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are key to understanding the microphysics behind cloud formation, as well as assess the impact aerosols have on the Earth system. Through a combination of controll
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Sun, De-Zheng. "Tropical tropospheric water vapor budget, maintenance of the lapse rate, and distribution of the extratropical tropospheric temperature and wind." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58425.

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37

Rowe, Penny. "Measurements of the foreign-broadened continuum of water vapor in the 6.3 micron band at -30 celsius /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8604.

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38

Hansson, Roberta Concilio. "An experimental study on the dynamics of melt-water micro-interactions in a Vapor explosion." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Fysik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4552.

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39

Horvath, Akos. "Differences between satellite measurements and theoretical estimates of global cloud liquid water amounts." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280553.

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This dissertation investigated the estimation of global cloud water amounts. The study was prompted by the large discrepancy in published global mean values of cloud liquid water path. Microwave and optical satellite measurements of this quantity range from 25 g/m² to 80 g/m². Theoretical estimates are significantly larger with a current best guess value of 380 g/m². The major limitations of microwave measurements were found to be the inadequate separation of the cloud- and rainwater components, and the lack of retrievals over land. Optical observations were found to be constrained by the trun
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40

Cheng, Yufu. "Effects of manipulated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations on carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes in Southern California chaparral /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis and San Diego State University, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-101). Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses).
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Roell, Marilee May. "Observed decadal variations of the zonal mean hygropause and its relationship to changes in the transport barrier." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45808.

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This study examines the long-term record of lower stratospheric water vapor focusing on the 20-year data record from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II). The SAGE II zonal monthly mean water vapor data was enhanced to include the aerosol heavy late 1980s through the use of aerosol extinction filtering of the data. Comparisons between the SAGE II lower stratospheric water vapor and the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) are performed. This study further focuses on the minimum lower
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Taniguchi, Kyoko. "Characterization of water vapor within the planetary boundary layer based on the ARM raman lidar observation at the SGP site." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445054161&sid=18&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Nascimento, Cristina Rodrigues. "Correção atmosferica de imagens do sensor AVHRR/NOAA utilizando produtos atmosfericos do sensor MODIS/TERRA." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257080.

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Orientador: Jurandir Zullo Junior<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T10:45:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_CristinaRodrigues_M.pdf: 15175487 bytes, checksum: d9905da2c3f9b6c5fa573693ce9e61a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: O sensoriamento remoto nas regiões espectrais do visível e do infravermelho próximo constitui uma das ferramentas mais importantes para o entendimento da biosfera e de suas dinâmicas. Entretanto, estas duas regiões são afetadas pelos efeitos atmosfér
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Asa-Awuku, Akua Asabea. "Characterizing water-soluble organic aerosol and their effects on cloud droplet formation: Interactions of carbonaceous matter with water vapor." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22658.

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Aerosols have significant impacts on earth's climate and hydrological cycle. They can directly reflect the amount of incoming solar radiation into space; by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), they can indirectly impact climate by affecting cloud albedo. Our current assessment of the interactions of aerosols and clouds is uncertain and parameters used to estimate cloud droplet formation in global climate models are not well constrained. Organic aerosols attribute much of the uncertainty in these estimates and are known to affect the ability of aerosol to form cloud droplets (CCN Act
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Lu, Cuixian [Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Schuh, Gunnar [Gutachter] Elgered, and Robert [Gutachter] Weber. "Real-time sensing of atmospheric water vapor from multi-GNSS constellations / Cuixian Lu ; Gutachter: Gunnar Elgered, Robert Weber ; Betreuer: Harald Schuh." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156273838/34.

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46

Wijenayaka, A. K. Lahiru Anuradha. "Investigation of the atmospheric processing of α-FeOOH containing aerosols with water and HNO3: reactivity, fate, and consequences and the impact of particle size on surface adsorption and particle solubility". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2789.

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The atmosphere is a heterogeneous system which is rich in potential chemistry. The processes taking place within this system as well as at the interface of its constituents are of immense importance in understanding how the atmosphere in turn can impact the well-being of all living on the surface of earth. Thus, the heterogeneous chemistry of atmospheric aerosols has since long been subjected to extensive scientific investigation, in view of broadening our understanding of this imperative system. In this study, the heterogeneous interactions of water vapor and gaseous HNO3 on goethite (a-FeOOH
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Martinez, Agudelo John Alejandro. "On the Hydroclimate of Southern South America: Water Vapor Transport and the Role of Shallow Groundwater on Land-Atmosphere Interactions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595679.

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The present work focuses on the sources and transport of water vapor to the La Plata Basin (LPB), and the role of groundwater dynamics on the simulation of hydrometeorological conditions over the basin. In the first part of the study an extension to the Dynamic Recycling Model (DRM) is developed to estimate the water vapor transported to the LPB from different regions in South America and the nearby oceans, and the corresponding contribution to precipitation over the LPB. It is found that more than 23% of the precipitation over the LPB is from local origin, while nearly 20% originates from eva
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48

Nehrir, Amin Reza. "Development of an eye-safe diode-laser-based micro-pulse differential absorption lidar (mp-DIAL) for atmospheric water-vapor and aerosol studies." Diss., Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/nehrir/NehrirA0811.pdf.

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This dissertation describes the design, construction, and testing of an all diode-laser-based water-vapor differential absorption lidar (DIAL) instrument through two distinct stages of development. A second generation low pulse energy, high pulse repetition frequency DIAL instrument was developed to overcome the power limitations of the first generation instrument which required unrealistic integration times approaching 1 hour. The second generation DIAL transmitter used a custom built external cavity diode laser (ECDL) as the seed source for an actively current pulsed tapered semiconductor op
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49

Leinweber, Ronny [Verfasser]. "Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor over land areas using MERIS measurements and application to numerical weather prediction model validation / Ronny Leinweber." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1024743845/34.

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50

Honaman, Andrew M. 1958. "The potential and actual evapotranspiration of water-rich ecosystems in arid regions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291843.

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The well-known and widely accepted Penman combination equation was applied to climatic data collected in a desert environment to predict actual evapotranspiration if the desert region were developed into irrigated agriculture. The Penman evaporation estimates from desert climate data were compared to Bowen ratio ET measurements collected on irrigated alfalfa fields in the general vicinity. Six variations of the wind function in Penman's equation were tested. From these six the best fit-model was determined. surprisingly, Penman's original equation provided the best fit (in mean hourly units W
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