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Journal articles on the topic 'Atmospheric reanalyses'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kumar, Arun, Li Zhang, and Wanqiu Wang. "Sea Surface Temperature–Precipitation Relationship in Different Reanalyses." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 3 (2013): 1118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00214.1.

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Abstract The focus of this investigation is how the relationship at intraseasonal time scales between sea surface temperature and precipitation (SST–P) varies among different reanalyses. The motivation for this work was spurred by a recent report that documented that the SST–P relationship in Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was much closer to that in the observation than it was for the older generation of reanalyses [i.e., NCEP–NCAR reanalysis (R1) and NCEP–Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis (R2)]. Further, the reason was attributed either to the fact that the CFSR is a partially

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Zib, Behnjamin J., Xiquan Dong, Baike Xi, and Aaron Kennedy. "Evaluation and Intercomparison of Cloud Fraction and Radiative Fluxes in Recent Reanalyses over the Arctic Using BSRN Surface Observations." Journal of Climate 25, no. 7 (2012): 2291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00147.1.

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Abstract With continual advancements in data assimilation systems, new observing systems, and improvements in model parameterizations, several new atmospheric reanalysis datasets have recently become available. Before using these new reanalyses it is important to assess the strengths and underlying biases contained in each dataset. A study has been performed to evaluate and compare cloud fractions (CFs) and surface radiative fluxes in several of these latest reanalyses over the Arctic using 15 years (1994–2008) of high-quality Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) observations from Barrow

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Hertzog, Albert, Claude Basdevant, and François Vial. "An Assessment of ECMWF and NCEP–NCAR Reanalyses in the Southern Hemisphere at the End of the Presatellite Era: Results from the EOLE Experiment (1971–72)." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 11 (2006): 3367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3256.1.

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Abstract This article estimates the biases and standard deviations of the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and the 50-yr National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) Reanalysis (NN50) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in 1971–72. These estimates are obtained by comparing the reanalyzed temperatures and winds with EOLE observations, a dataset collected during 480 superpressure-ballon flights in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Dedicated algorithms have been developped to control

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Fujiwara, Masatomo, Jonathon S. Wright, Gloria L. Manney, et al. "Introduction to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) and overview of the reanalysis systems." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 2 (2017): 1417–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1417-2017.

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Abstract. The climate research community uses atmospheric reanalysis data sets to understand a wide range of processes and variability in the atmosphere, yet different reanalyses may give very different results for the same diagnostics. The Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) is a coordinated activity to compare reanalysis data sets using a variety of key diagnostics. The objectives of this project are to identify differences among reanalyses and understand their underlying causes, to provide guidance on appropriate us

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Sang, Xiaozhuo, Xiu-Qun Yang, Lingfeng Tao, Jiabei Fang, and Xuguang Sun. "Evaluation of synoptic eddy activities and their feedback onto the midlatitude jet in five atmospheric reanalyses with coarse versus fine model resolutions." Climate Dynamics 58, no. 5-6 (2021): 1363–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05965-9.

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AbstractInteraction between synoptic eddy and mean flow plays a crucial role in maintaining midlatitude westerly jet. In this study, climatologies of synoptic eddy activities and their feedback onto midlatitude jet for 1980–2016 are evaluated and compared through analyzing daily data from five atmospheric reanalyses with different resolutions including one coarse-resolution reanalysis (NCEP2) and four fine-resolution reanalyses (ERA-Interim, JRA-55, MERRA-2, and CFSR). Horizontal resolutions of the atmospheric models generating those reanalyses are approximately equivalent to 210, 79, 60, 50,

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Song, Hua, and Minghua Zhang. "Changes of the Boreal Winter Hadley Circulation in the NCEP–NCAR and ECMWF Reanalyses: A Comparative Study." Journal of Climate 20, no. 20 (2007): 5191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4260.1.

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Abstract Both the ECMWF and the NCEP–NCAR reanalyses show a strengthening of the atmospheric Hadley circulation in boreal winter over the last 50 years, but the intensification is much stronger in the ECMWF than in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. This study focuses on the difference of these trends in the two reanalyses. It is shown that trends in the Hadley circulation in the two reanalyses differ mainly over the tropical western Pacific. This difference is found to be consistent with respective trends of the atmospheric transport of moist static energy, longwave cloud radiative forcing, and upper-

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King, Austin T., and Aaron D. Kennedy. "North American Supercell Environments in Atmospheric Reanalyses and RUC-2." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58, no. 1 (2019): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0015.1.

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AbstractA suite of modern atmospheric reanalyses is analyzed to determine how they represent North American supercell environments. This analysis is performed by comparing a database of Rapid Update Cycle (RUC-2) proximity soundings with profiles derived from the nearest grid point in each reanalysis. Parameters are calculated using the Sounding and Hodograph Analysis and Research Program in Python (SHARPpy), an open-source Python sounding-analysis package. Representation of supercell environments varies across the reanalyses, and the results have ramifications for climatological studies that

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Lader, Rick, Uma S. Bhatt, John E. Walsh, T. Scott Rupp, and Peter A. Bieniek. "Two-Meter Temperature and Precipitation from Atmospheric Reanalysis Evaluated for Alaska." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 4 (2016): 901–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0162.1.

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AbstractAlaska is experiencing effects of global climate change that are due, in large part, to the positive feedback mechanisms associated with polar amplification. The major risk factors include loss of sea ice and glaciers, thawing permafrost, increased wildfires, and ocean acidification. Reanalyses, integral to understanding mechanisms of Alaska’s past climate and to helping to calibrate modeling efforts, are based on the output of weather forecast models that assimilate observations. This study evaluates temperature and precipitation from five reanalyses at monthly and daily time scales f

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Hynčica, Martin, and Radan Huth. "Modes of Atmospheric Circulation Variability in the Northern Extratropics: A Comparison of Five Reanalyses." Journal of Climate 33, no. 24 (2020): 10707–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0904.1.

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AbstractModes of low-frequency circulation variability in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics are compared between five reanalyses. Circulation modes are detected by rotated principal component analysis (PCA) of monthly mean 500-hPa geopotential heights between 1957 and 2002, separately for individual seasons. The quantification of differences between reanalyses is based on the percentage of grid points (approximately corresponding to the percentage of area) where the spatial representations of a mode (loadings) significantly differ between reanalyses. The differences between surface-input re

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Millán, Luis F., Gloria L. Manney, and Zachary D. Lawrence. "Reanalysis intercomparison of potential vorticity and potential-vorticity-based diagnostics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 7 (2021): 5355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5355-2021.

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Abstract. Global reanalyses from data assimilation systems are among the most widely used datasets in weather and climate studies, and potential vorticity (PV) from reanalyses is invaluable for many studies of dynamical and transport processes. We assess how consistently modern reanalyses represent potential vorticity (PV) among each other, focusing not only on PV but also on process-oriented dynamical diagnostics including equivalent latitude calculated from PV and PV-based tropopause and stratospheric polar vortex characterization. In particular we assess the National Centers for Environment

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Davis, Sean M., Michaela I. Hegglin, Masatomo Fujiwara, et al. "Assessment of upper tropospheric and stratospheric water vapor and ozone in reanalyses as part of S-RIP." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 20 (2017): 12743–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12743-2017.

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Abstract. Reanalysis data sets are widely used to understand atmospheric processes and past variability, and are often used to stand in as "observations" for comparisons with climate model output. Because of the central role of water vapor (WV) and ozone (O3) in climate change, it is important to understand how accurately and consistently these species are represented in existing global reanalyses. In this paper, we present the results of WV and O3 intercomparisons that have been performed as part of the SPARC (Stratosphere–troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate) Reanalysis Intercompa

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Lynch, Peng, Jeffrey S. Reid, Douglas L. Westphal, et al. "An 11-year global gridded aerosol optical thickness reanalysis (v1.0) for atmospheric and climate sciences." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 4 (2016): 1489–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1489-2016.

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Abstract. While stand alone satellite and model aerosol products see wide utilization, there is a significant need in numerous atmospheric and climate applications for a fused product on a regular grid. Aerosol data assimilation is an operational reality at numerous centers, and like meteorological reanalyses, aerosol reanalyses will see significant use in the near future. Here we present a standardized 2003–2013 global 1 × 1° and 6-hourly modal aerosol optical thickness (AOT) reanalysis product. This data set can be applied to basic and applied Earth system science studies of significant aero

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Gerber, Edwin P., and Patrick Martineau. "Quantifying the variability of the annular modes: reanalysis uncertainty vs. sampling uncertainty." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 23 (2018): 17099–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17099-2018.

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Abstract. The annular modes characterize the dominant variability of the extratropical circulation in each hemisphere, quantifying vacillations in the position of the tropospheric jet streams and the strength of the stratospheric polar vortices. Their representation in all available reanalysis products is assessed. Reanalysis uncertainty associated with limitations in the ability to constrain the circulation with available observations, i.e., the inter-reanalysis spread, is contrasted with sampling uncertainty associated with the finite length of the reanalysis records. It is shown that the an

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Inness, Antje, Melanie Ades, Anna Agustí-Panareda, et al. "The CAMS reanalysis of atmospheric composition." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 6 (2019): 3515–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3515-2019.

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Abstract. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis is the latest global reanalysis dataset of atmospheric composition produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), consisting of three-dimensional time-consistent atmospheric composition fields, including aerosols and chemical species. The dataset currently covers the period 2003–2016 and will be extended in the future by adding 1 year each year. A reanalysis for greenhouse gases is being produced separately. The CAMS reanalysis builds on the experience gained during the production of the earli

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Stryhal, Jan, and Radan Huth. "Classifications of Winter Euro-Atlantic Circulation Patterns: An Intercomparison of Five Atmospheric Reanalyses." Journal of Climate 30, no. 19 (2017): 7847–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0059.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric reanalyses have been widely used to study large-scale atmospheric circulation and its links to local weather and to validate climate models. Only little effort has so far been made to compare reanalyses over the Euro-Atlantic domain, with the exception of a few studies analyzing North Atlantic cyclones. In particular, studies utilizing automated classifications of circulation patterns—one of the most popular methods in synoptic climatology—have paid little or no attention to the issue of reanalysis evaluation. Here, five reanalyses [ERA-40; NCEP-1; JRA-55; Twentieth Centur

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Pinheiro, Henri Rossi, Kevin Ivan Hodges, and Manoel Alonso Gan. "An intercomparison of subtropical cut-off lows in the Southern Hemisphere using recent reanalyses: ERA-Interim, NCEP-CFRS, MERRA-2, JRA-55, and JRA-25." Climate Dynamics 54, no. 1-2 (2019): 777–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-05089-1.

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AbstractFour recent reanalysis products ERA-Interim, NCEP-CFSR, MERRA-2 and JRA-55 are evaluated and compared to an older reanalysis JRA-25, to quantify their confidence in representing Cut-off lows (COLs) in the Southern Hemisphere. The climatology of COLs based on the minima of 300-hPa vorticity ($$\xi_{300}$$ξ300) and 300-hPa geopotential ($$Z_{300}$$Z300) provides different perspectives of COLs and contributes to the understanding of the discrepancies observed in the literature regarding their numbers and seasonality. The COLs compare better among the newest reanalyses than compared to the

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Sakazaki, Takatoshi, Masatomo Fujiwara, and Masato Shiotani. "Representation of solar tides in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere in state-of-the-art reanalyses and in satellite observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 2 (2018): 1437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1437-2018.

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Abstract. Atmospheric solar tides in the stratosphere and the lower mesosphere are investigated using temperature data from five state-of-the-art reanalysis data sets (MERRA-2, MERRA, JRA-55, ERA-Interim, and CFSR) as well as TIMED SABER and Aura MLS satellite measurements. The main focus is on the period 2006–2012 during which the satellite observations are available for direct comparison with the reanalyses. Diurnal migrating tides, semidiurnal migrating tides, and nonmigrating tides are diagnosed. Overall the reanalyses agree reasonably well with each other and with the satellite observatio

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Lima, Daniela C. A., Pedro M. M. Soares, Alvaro Semedo, and Rita M. Cardoso. "A Global View of Coastal Low-Level Wind Jets Using an Ensemble of Reanalyses." Journal of Climate 31, no. 4 (2018): 1525–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0395.1.

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Global reanalyses are powerful tools to study the recent climate. They are built by combining forecast models with observations through data assimilation, which provide complete spatial and temporal information of observable and unobservable parameters. The reanalyses constitute very valuable three-dimensional data of the atmosphere, which make it possible to investigate a panoply of atmospheric processes, such as coastal low-level jets (CLLJs). In the present study, three global reanalyses, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), the Ja

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Rohrer, Marco, Stefan Brönnimann, Olivia Martius, Christoph C. Raible, Martin Wild, and Gilbert P. Compo. "Representation of Extratropical Cyclones, Blocking Anticyclones, and Alpine Circulation Types in Multiple Reanalyses and Model Simulations." Journal of Climate 31, no. 8 (2018): 3009–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0350.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric circulation types, blockings, and cyclones are central features of the extratropical flow and key to understanding the climate system. This study intercompares the representation of these features in 10 reanalyses and in an ensemble of 30 climate model simulations between 1980 and 2005. Both modern, full-input reanalyses and century-long, surface-input reanalyses are examined. Modern full-input reanalyses agree well on key statistics of blockings, cyclones, and circulation types. However, the intensity and depth of cyclones vary among them. Reanalyses with higher horizonta

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Long, Craig S., Masatomo Fujiwara, Sean Davis, Daniel M. Mitchell, and Corwin J. Wright. "Climatology and interannual variability of dynamic variables in multiple reanalyses evaluated by the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 23 (2017): 14593–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14593-2017.

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Abstract. Two of the most basic parameters generated from a reanalysis are temperature and winds. Temperatures in the reanalyses are derived from conventional (surface and balloon), aircraft, and satellite observations. Winds are observed by conventional systems, cloud tracked, and derived from height fields, which are in turn derived from the vertical temperature structure. In this paper we evaluate as part of the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) the temperature and wind structure of all the recent and past reanalyses. This evaluation is mainly among the reanalyses themselves,

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Kawatani, Yoshio, Kevin Hamilton, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Masatomo Fujiwara, and James A. Anstey. "Representation of the tropical stratospheric zonal wind in global atmospheric reanalyses." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 11 (2016): 6681–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6681-2016.

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Abstract. This paper reports on a project to compare the representation of the monthly-mean zonal wind in the equatorial stratosphere among major global atmospheric reanalysis data sets. The degree of disagreement among the reanalyses is characterized by the standard deviation (SD) of the monthly-mean zonal wind and this depends on latitude, longitude, height, and the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). At each height the SD displays a prominent equatorial maximum, indicating the particularly challenging nature of the reanalysis problem in the low-latitude stratosphere. At 50–70 hPa

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Kim, Ji-Eun, and M. Joan Alexander. "Tropical Precipitation Variability and Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves on Submonthly Time Scales in Reanalyses and TRMM." Journal of Climate 26, no. 10 (2013): 3013–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00353.1.

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Abstract Tropical precipitation characteristics are investigated using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3-hourly estimates, and the result is compared with five reanalyses including the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis (NCEP1), NCEP–U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis (NCEP2), and NCEP–Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). Pre

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Uma, Kizhathur Narasimhan, Siddarth Shankar Das, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, and Kuniyil Viswanathan Suneeth. "Assessment of vertical air motion among reanalyses and qualitative comparison with very-high-frequency radar measurements over two tropical stations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 3 (2021): 2083–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2083-2021.

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Abstract. Vertical wind (w) is one of the most important meteorological parameters for understanding a range of different atmospheric phenomena. Very few direct measurements of w are available so that most of the time one must depend on reanalysis products. In the present study, assessment of w among selected reanalyses (ERA-Interim, ERAi; ERA fifth generation, ERA5; Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2, MERRA-2; National Center for Atmospheric Research and Depart- ment of Energy reanalysis, NCEP–DOE (R-2); and Japanese 55-year reanalysis, JRA-55) and qual

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Hodges, K. I., R. W. Lee, and L. Bengtsson. "A Comparison of Extratropical Cyclones in Recent Reanalyses ERA-Interim, NASA MERRA, NCEP CFSR, and JRA-25." Journal of Climate 24, no. 18 (2011): 4888–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4097.1.

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Abstract Extratropical cyclones are identified and compared using data from four recent reanalyses for the winter periods in both hemispheres. Results show the largest differences occur between the older lower resolution 25-yr Japanese Reanalysis (JRA-25) when compared with the newer high resolution reanalyses, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Spatial differences between the newest reanalyses are small in both hemispheres and generally not significant except in some common regions associated with cyclogenesis close to orography. Differences in the cyclone maximum intensitites are

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Wright, Jonathon S., Xiaoyi Sun, Paul Konopka, et al. "Differences in tropical high clouds among reanalyses: origins and radiative impacts." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 14 (2020): 8989–9030. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8989-2020.

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Abstract. We examine differences among reanalysis high-cloud products in the tropics, assess the impacts of these differences on radiation budgets at the top of the atmosphere and within the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), and discuss their possible origins in the context of the reanalysis models. We focus on the ERA5 (fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts – ECMWF – reanalysis), ERA-Interim (ECMWF Interim Reanalysis), JRA-55 (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis), MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2)

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Walsh, John E., William L. Chapman, and Diane H. Portis. "Arctic Cloud Fraction and Radiative Fluxes in Atmospheric Reanalyses." Journal of Climate 22, no. 9 (2009): 2316–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2213.1.

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Abstract Arctic radiative fluxes, cloud fraction, and cloud radiative forcing are evaluated from four currently available reanalysis models using data from the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) Barrow site of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM). A primary objective of the ARM–NSA program is to provide a high-resolution dataset of direct measurements of Arctic clouds and radiation so that global climate models can better parameterize high-latitude cloud radiative processes. The four reanalysis models used in this study are the 1) NCEP–NCAR global reanalysis, 2) 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis

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Kim, Young-Ha, George N. Kiladis, John R. Albers, et al. "Comparison of equatorial wave activity in the tropical tropopause layer and stratosphere represented in reanalyses." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 15 (2019): 10027–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10027-2019.

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Abstract. Equatorial Kelvin and mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves in the tropical tropopause layer and stratosphere represented in recent reanalyses for the period of 1981–2010 are compared in terms of spectral characteristics, spatial structures, long-term variations, and their forcing of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). For both wave types, the spectral distributions are broadly similar among most of the reanalyses, while the peak amplitudes exhibit considerable spread. The longitudinal distributions and spatial patterns of wave perturbations show reasonable agreement between the reanaly

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Chang, Liang, Shiqiang Wen, Guoping Gao, Zhen Han, Guiping Feng, and Yang Zhang. "Assessment of Temperature and Specific Humidity Inversions and Their Relationships in Three Global Reanalysis Products over the Arctic Ocean." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 60, no. 4 (2021): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-20-0079.1.

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AbstractCharacteristics of temperature inversions (TIs) and specific humidity inversions (SHIs) and their relationships in three of the latest global reanalyses—the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis (ERA-I), the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), and the ERA5—are assessed against in situ radiosonde (RS) measurements from two expeditions over the Arctic Ocean. All reanalyses tend to detect many fewer TI and SHI occurrences, together with much less common multiple TIs and SHIs per profile than are seen in the RS data in summer 2008, winter 2015, and spring

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Lawrence, Zachary D., Gloria L. Manney, and Krzysztof Wargan. "Reanalysis intercomparisons of stratospheric polar processing diagnostics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 18 (2018): 13547–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13547-2018.

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Abstract. We compare herein polar processing diagnostics derived from the four most recent “full-input” reanalysis datasets: the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis/Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSR/CFSv2), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim (ERA-Interim) reanalysis, the Japanese Meteorological Agency's 55-year (JRA-55) reanalysis, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). We focus on diagnostics based on temper

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Bosilovich, Michael G., Junye Chen, Franklin R. Robertson, and Robert F. Adler. "Evaluation of Global Precipitation in Reanalyses." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 9 (2008): 2279–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jamc1921.1.

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Abstract Retrospective-analysis (or reanalysis) systems merge observations and models to provide global four-dimensional earth system data encompassing many physical and dynamical processes. Precipitation is one critical diagnostic that is not only sensitive to the observing system and model physics, but also reflects the general circulation. Climate records of observed precipitation through a merged satellite and gauge dataset provide a reference for comparison, though not without their own uncertainty. In this study, five reanalyses precipitation fields are compared with two observed data pr

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Marquardt Collow, Allison B., Richard I. Cullather, and Michael G. Bosilovich. "Recent Arctic Ocean Surface Air Temperatures in Atmospheric Reanalyses and Numerical Simulations." Journal of Climate 33, no. 10 (2020): 4347–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0703.1.

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AbstractSurface air temperatures have recently increased more rapidly in the Arctic than elsewhere in the world, but large uncertainty remains in the time series and trend. Over the data-sparse sea ice zone, the retrospective assimilation of observations in numerical reanalyses has been thought to offer a possible, but challenging, avenue for adequately reproducing the historical time series. Focusing on the central Arctic Ocean, output is analyzed from 12 reanalyses with a specific consideration of two widely used products: the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications,

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Millán, Luis F., and Gloria L. Manney. "An assessment of ozone mini-hole representation in reanalyses over the Northern Hemisphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 15 (2017): 9277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9277-2017.

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Abstract. An ozone mini-hole is a synoptic-scale region with strongly decreased total column ozone resulting from dynamical processes. Using total column measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument and ozone profile measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder, we evaluate the accuracy of mini-hole representation in five reanalyses. This study provides a metric of the reanalyses' ability to capture dynamically driven ozone variability. The reanalyses and the measurements show similar seasonal variability and geographical distributions of mini-holes; however, all of the reanalyses underes

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Bao, Xinghua, and Fuqing Zhang. "How Accurate Are Modern Atmospheric Reanalyses for the Data-Sparse Tibetan Plateau Region?" Journal of Climate 32, no. 21 (2019): 7153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0705.1.

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Abstract More than 6000 independent radiosonde observations from three major Tibetan Plateau experiments during the warm seasons (May–August) of 1998, 2008, and 2015–16 are used to assess the quality of four leading modern atmospheric reanalysis products (CFSR/CFSv2, ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and MERRA-2), and the potential impact of satellite data changes on the quality of these reanalyses in the troposphere over this data-sparse region. Although these reanalyses can reproduce reasonably well the overall mean temperature, specific humidity, and horizontal wind profiles against the benchmark indepe

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Chung, C. E., H. Cha, T. Vihma, P. Räisänen, and D. Decremer. "On the possibilities to use atmospheric reanalyses to evaluate the warming structure in the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 22 (2013): 11209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11209-2013.

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Abstract. There has been growing interest in the vertical structure of the recent Arctic warming. We investigated temperatures at the surface, 925, 700, 500 and 300 hPa levels in the Arctic (north of 70° N) using observations and four reanalyses: ERA-Interim, CFSR, MERRA and NCEP II. For the period 1979–2011, the layers at 500 hPa and below show a warming trend in all seasons in all the chosen reanalyses and observations. Restricting the analysis to the 1998–2011 period, however, all the reanalyses show a cooling trend in the Arctic-mean 500 hPa temperature in autumn, and this also applies to

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Ayarzagüena, Blanca, Froila M. Palmeiro, David Barriopedro, Natalia Calvo, Ulrike Langematz, and Kiyotaka Shibata. "On the representation of major stratospheric warmings in reanalyses." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 14 (2019): 9469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9469-2019.

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Abstract. Major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) represent one of the most abrupt phenomena of the boreal wintertime stratospheric variability, and constitute the clearest example of coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere. A good representation of SSWs in climate models is required to reduce their biases and uncertainties in future projections of stratospheric variability. The ability of models to reproduce these phenomena is usually assessed with just one reanalysis. However, the number of reanalyses has increased in the last decade and their own biases may affect the model

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Lee, Dong Eun, and Michela Biasutti. "Climatology and Variability of Precipitation in the Twentieth-Century Reanalysis." Journal of Climate 27, no. 15 (2014): 5964–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00630.1.

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Abstract The performance of the Twentieth-Century Reanalysis (20CR) in reproducing observed monthly mean precipitation over the global domain is compared to that of comprehensive reanalyses that also assimilate upper-air and satellite observations [the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), and NCEP–U.S. Department of Energy reanalysis (NCEP2)] and to that of an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) ensemble simulation [Global Ocean Global Atmosphere (GOGA)] that is forced with observed sea surface temperature (SST). Wintertime rainfall variab

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Kaspar, Frank, Deborah Niermann, Michael Borsche, et al. "Regional atmospheric reanalysis activities at Deutscher Wetterdienst: review of evaluation results and application examples with a focus on renewable energy." Advances in Science and Research 17 (July 6, 2020): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-17-115-2020.

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Abstract. Based on the numerical weather prediction model COSMO of Germany's national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD), regional reanalysis datasets have been developed with grid spacing of up to 2 km. This development started as a fundamental research activity within the Hans-Ertel-Centre for Weather Research (HErZ) at the University of Bonn and the University of Cologne. Today, COSMO reanalyses are an established product of the DWD and have been widely used in applications on European and national German level. Successful applications of COSMO reanalyses include renewable

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Fu, Xiouhua, Bin Wang, June-Yi Lee, Wanqiu Wang, and Li Gao. "Sensitivity of Dynamical Intraseasonal Prediction Skills to Different Initial Conditions." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 8 (2011): 2572–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011mwr3584.1.

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AbstractPredictability of intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) relies on both initial conditions and lower boundary conditions (or atmosphere–ocean interaction). The atmospheric reanalysis datasets are commonly used as initial conditions. Here, the biases of three reanalysis datasets [the NCEP reanalysis 1 and 2 (NCEP-R1 and -R2) and the ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim)] in describing ISO were briefly revealed and the impacts of these biases as initial conditions on ISO prediction skills were assessed. A signal-recovery method is proposed to improve ISO prediction.Although all three reanalys

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Gossart, A., S. Helsen, J. T. M. Lenaerts, S. Vanden Broucke, N. P. M. van Lipzig, and N. Souverijns. "An Evaluation of Surface Climatology in State-of-the-Art Reanalyses over the Antarctic Ice Sheet." Journal of Climate 32, no. 20 (2019): 6899–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0030.1.

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Abstract In this study, we evaluate output of near-surface atmospheric variables over the Antarctic Ice Sheet from four reanalyses: the new European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-5 and its predecessor ERA-Interim, the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). The near-surface temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity are compared with datasets of in situ observations, together with an assessment of the simulated surface mass balance (approximated by precipitation minus evaporatio

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Donat, Markus G., Jana Sillmann, Simon Wild, Lisa V. Alexander, Tanya Lippmann, and Francis W. Zwiers. "Consistency of Temperature and Precipitation Extremes across Various Global Gridded In Situ and Reanalysis Datasets." Journal of Climate 27, no. 13 (2014): 5019–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00405.1.

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Changes in climate extremes are often monitored using global gridded datasets of climate extremes based on in situ observations or reanalysis data. This study assesses the consistency of temperature and precipitation extremes between these datasets. Both the temporal evolution and spatial patterns of annual extremes of daily values are compared across multiple global gridded datasets of in situ observations and reanalyses to make inferences on the robustness of the obtained results. While normalized time series generally compare well, the actual values of annual extremes of daily data differ s

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Zhou, Chunlüe, and Kaicun Wang. "Contrasting Daytime and Nighttime Precipitation Variability between Observations and Eight Reanalysis Products from 1979 to 2014 in China." Journal of Climate 30, no. 16 (2017): 6443–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0702.1.

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Daytime (0800–2000 Beijing time) and nighttime (2000–0800 Beijing time) precipitation at approximately 2100 stations in China from 1979 to 2014 was used to evaluate eight current reanalyses. Daytime, nighttime, and nighttime–daytime contrast of precipitation were examined in aspects of climatology, seasonal cycle, interannual variability, and trends. The results show that the ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), ERA-Interim/Land, Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), and NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) can reproduce the observed spatial pattern of nighttime–daytime contrast i

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Huang, Yiyi, Xiquan Dong, Baike Xi, Erica K. Dolinar, Ryan E. Stanfield, and Shaoyue Qiu. "Quantifying the Uncertainties of Reanalyzed Arctic Cloud and Radiation Properties Using Satellite Surface Observations." Journal of Climate 30, no. 19 (2017): 8007–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0722.1.

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Abstract Reanalyses have proven to be convenient tools for studying the Arctic climate system, but their uncertainties should first be identified. In this study, five reanalyses (JRA-55, 20CRv2c, CFSR, ERA-Interim, and MERRA-2) are compared with NASA CERES–MODIS (CM)-derived cloud fractions (CFs), cloud water paths (CWPs), top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) radiative fluxes over the Arctic (70°–90°N) over the period of 2000–12, and CloudSat–CALIPSO (CC)-derived CFs from 2006 to 2010. The monthly mean CFs in all reanalyses except JRA-55 are close to or slightly

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Hodges, Kevin, Alison Cobb, and Pier Luigi Vidale. "How Well Are Tropical Cyclones Represented in Reanalysis Datasets?" Journal of Climate 30, no. 14 (2017): 5243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0557.1.

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Tropical cyclones (TCs) are identified and tracked in six recent reanalysis datasets and compared with those from the IBTrACS best-track archive. Results indicate that nearly every cyclone present in IBTrACS over the period 1979–2012 can be found in all six reanalyses using a tracking and matching approach. However, TC intensities are significantly underrepresented in the reanalyses compared to the observations. Applying a typical objective TC identification scheme, it is found that the largest uncertainties in TC identification occur for the weaker storms; this is exacerbated by uncertainties

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Bukovsky, Melissa S., and David J. Karoly. "A Brief Evaluation of Precipitation from the North American Regional Reanalysis." Journal of Hydrometeorology 8, no. 4 (2007): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm595.1.

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Abstract Several aspects of the precipitation climatology from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) are analyzed and compared with two other reanalyses and one set of gridded observations over a domain encompassing the United States. The spatial distribution, diurnal cycle, and annual cycle of precipitation are explored to establish the reliability of the reanalyses and to judge their usefulness. While the NARR provides a much improved representation of precipitation over that of the other reanalyses examined, some inaccuracies are found and have been highlighted as a warning to poten

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Schenkel, Benjamin A., and Robert E. Hart. "An Examination of Tropical Cyclone Position, Intensity, and Intensity Life Cycle within Atmospheric Reanalysis Datasets." Journal of Climate 25, no. 10 (2012): 3453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4208.1.

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Abstract The following study examines the position and intensity differences of tropical cyclones (TCs) among the Best-Track and five atmospheric reanalysis datasets to evaluate the degree to which reanalyses are appropriate for studying TCs. While significant differences are found in both reanalysis TC intensity and position, the representation of TC intensity within reanalyses is found to be most problematic owing to its underestimation beyond what can be attributed solely to the coarse grid resolution. Moreover, the mean life cycle of normalized TC intensity within reanalyses reveals an und

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Di Luca, Alejandro, Jason P. Evans, Acacia Pepler, Lisa Alexander, and Daniel Argüeso. "Resolution Sensitivity of Cyclone Climatology over Eastern Australia Using Six Reanalysis Products*." Journal of Climate 28, no. 24 (2015): 9530–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00645.1.

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Abstract The climate of the eastern seaboard of Australia is strongly influenced by the passage of low pressure systems over the adjacent Tasman Sea due to their associated precipitation and their potential to develop into extreme weather events. The aim of this study is to quantify differences in the climatology of east coast lows derived from the use of six global reanalyses. The methodology is explicitly designed to identify differences between reanalyses arising from differences in their horizontal resolution and their structure (type of forecast model, assimilation scheme, and the kind an

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Essou, Gilles R. C., Florent Sabarly, Philippe Lucas-Picher, François Brissette, and Annie Poulin. "Can Precipitation and Temperature from Meteorological Reanalyses Be Used for Hydrological Modeling?" Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 7 (2016): 1929–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0138.1.

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Abstract This paper investigates the potential of reanalyses as proxies of observed surface precipitation and temperature to force hydrological models. Three global atmospheric reanalyses (ERA-Interim, CFSR, and MERRA), one regional reanalysis (NARR), and one global meteorological forcing dataset obtained by bias-correcting ERA-Interim [Water and Global Change (WATCH) Forcing Data ERA-Interim (WFDEI)] were compared to one gridded observation database over the contiguous United States. Results showed that all temperature datasets were similar to the gridded observation over most of the United S

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Trenberth, Kevin E., John T. Fasullo, and Jessica Mackaro. "Atmospheric Moisture Transports from Ocean to Land and Global Energy Flows in Reanalyses." Journal of Climate 24, no. 18 (2011): 4907–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4171.1.

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Abstract An assessment is made of the global energy and hydrological cycles from eight current atmospheric reanalyses and their depiction of changes over time. A brief evaluation of the water and energy cycles in the latest version of the NCAR climate model referred to as CCSM4 is also given. The focus is on the mean ocean, land, and global precipitation P; the corresponding evaporation E; their difference corresponding to the surface freshwater flux E–P; and the vertically integrated atmospheric moisture transports. Using the model-based P and E, the time- and area-average E–P for the oceans,

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Rienecker, Michele M., Max J. Suarez, Ronald Gelaro, et al. "MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications." Journal of Climate 24, no. 14 (2011): 3624–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00015.1.

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Abstract The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) was undertaken by NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office with two primary objectives: to place observations from NASA’s Earth Observing System satellites into a climate context and to improve upon the hydrologic cycle represented in earlier generations of reanalyses. Focusing on the satellite era, from 1979 to the present, MERRA has achieved its goals with significant improvements in precipitation and water vapor climatology. Here, a brief overview of the system and some aspects of its performance, inc

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Boisvert, Linette N., Melinda A. Webster, Alek A. Petty, Thorsten Markus, David H. Bromwich, and Richard I. Cullather. "Intercomparison of Precipitation Estimates over the Arctic Ocean and Its Peripheral Seas from Reanalyses." Journal of Climate 31, no. 20 (2018): 8441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0125.1.

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Precipitation over the Arctic Ocean has a significant impact on the basin-scale freshwater and energy budgets but is one of the most poorly constrained variables in atmospheric reanalyses. Precipitation controls the snow cover on sea ice, which impedes the exchange of energy between the ocean and atmosphere, inhibiting sea ice growth. Thus, accurate precipitation amounts are needed to inform sea ice modeling, especially for the production of thickness estimates from satellite altimetry freeboard data. However, obtaining a quantitative estimate of the precipitation distribution in the Arctic is

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