Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Atolls'
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Wilson, Paul Alastair. "The evolution of Cretaceous Pacific Ocean guyots." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363102.
Full textYarina, Elizabeth. "Post-island futures : seeding territory for Tuvalu's fluid atolls." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106363.
Full textThesis: M.C.P, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 303-309).
The atoll nation of Tuvalu lies only a few meters above the seas of the equatorial Pacific, and is at high risk for inundation and storm surges due to climate change. However, in spite of the media narrative of "sinking" Tuvalu, when understood in broader contexts of time and space, the existence of atolls is highly temporal and dynamic, based on sediment hydrodynamics and coral reef production. The designation of Tuvalu as a 'nation' is also a narrow temporal framing, of colonial origin. The inhabitants of Tuvalu's atolls were historically highly mobile peoples, moving from island to island in response to resource or social concerns. Tuvaluans today continue to be mobile peoples, migrating between atolls and globally, but this movement is now limited by global territorial sanctions. Climate change creates the risk of uncertain territory and uncertain identity for Tuvaluans; the submergence of the islands below mean sea level threatens rights to their territorial waters (EEZ) as well as their nationhood status as they lose the space to practice their cultural identity. The modern nation-state views its contents (population and geography) as relatively static. The inherently fluid nature of these components in Tuvalu, further amplified by climate change, problematizes the hard lines of territory and state drawn sharply in the contemporary era. When both ground and people are acknowledged as fluid entities, how might we re-imagine the spatial and social form of the Tuvaluan nation? How can Tuvalu continue to exert territorial claims when both the subject and object of nationhood are in flux? And how can Tuvalu's spatially oriented cultural identity be maintained as its population becomes increasingly mobile? Instead of ceding territory to the rising waters of climate change, this thesis posits 'seeding' territory as an alternative. The project explores the propagation of the architectural 'seed' as a way to 'grow' territory in the context of migratory populations and unstable geographies. The seeds consider territory both in the sense of transnational legislation (per the UN Law of the Seas) but also in the cultural sense of Tuvaluans, as a collective space of shared resources and identity. The seeds generate physical territory and facilitate social networks and identities. The design of these seeds is then conceptually tested in future social and environmental scenarios both for both the in- and ex- situ nation.
by Elizabeth Yarina.
M. Arch.
M.C.P
Poupet, Pascal. "Géochimie organique et biogéochimie de sédiments de lagon des atolls de Tikehau et Takapoto (Polynésie française)." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2052.
Full textLeca, Sauze Lucette. "Etude des epibiontes associes a l'huitre perliere. Pinctada margaritifera (l) var. Cumingii (jameson) dans deux atolls de polynesie francaise." Pacifique, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PACI0002.
Full textRufin-Soler, Caroline. "Evolutions environnementales des littoraux des atolls coralliens dans les océans Indien et Pacifique : le cas des archipels Maldivien et Tuvaluan." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409568.
Full textJehl, Caroline. "Les mattes algaires cyanobactériennes, Kopara, des atolls des Tuamootu : biochimie, productivité et signification écologique : insertion dans un modèle de phosphatogenèse." Pacifique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PACI0010.
Full textEbren, Philippe. "Impact des variations rapides du niveau marin sur le développement des atolls au quaternaire : Mururoa (Polynésie française). Dynamique récifale et diagenèse des carbonates." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11079.
Full textZuliani, Alexandre. "Vers la manipulation optique d'atomes ultra-froids d'ytterbium excités dans des états de Rydberg." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS141/document.
Full textThe exacerbated properties of Rydberg atoms have extended the possibilities offered by cold atoms in creating atomic gases in very strong interaction with applications including quantum simulations in many-body physics or in achieving of quantum gates with the dipole blocking phenomenon. The use of cold Rydberg atoms is however currently limited by the fact that it is not possible to continue to apply the experimental techniques of optical manipulation with the atoms to an active electron. The attention of the Rydberg atoms cold community is recently focused on the two active electron atoms offering possibilities, once one of the two electrons excited to a Rydberg state, to provide a second optically active electron that it will be possible to manipulate with laser light.The objective of this thesis is to extend the optical manipulation techniques to atoms with two active electrons excited in Rydberg states, in the case of the ytterbium atom. It has on the one hand the design and assembly of the experimental apparatus for obtaining a source of cold Rydberg ytterbium atoms. Ultimately, this device will allow the optical manipulation of these Rydberg atoms. Furthermore, it presents the development of a numerical model that implements the multichannel quantum defect theory to the theoretical determination of the energy spectrum of ytterbium and its behavior under the influence of external perturbations
Pillet, Valentin. "Détection et attribution des changements morphologiques côtiers récents en milieu insulaire tropical (Polynésie française, Caraïbe)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS019.
Full textLow-lying reef islands and coastal areas of tropical mountainous islands are highly vulnerable to the impacts of tropical cyclones and the expected effects of climate change. However, while the French metropolitan coasts have benefited from a significant effort to assess their long-term changes, French overseas islands are the least documented areas in French Territory. Based on this observation, this thesis examines the respective contribution of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the past evolution of reef islands (French Polynesia) and mountainous island beaches (Northern Lesser Antilles). This study relies on a combined approach between geomatic and fieldwork. From a multi-scalar (spatial and temporal) analysis, we detect and attribute the planimetric changes experienced by the sedimentary systems of the studied islands. Results on reef islands are comparable to those of previous studies which established that most of the islands have been stable or in expansion over the last decades. They allow to suggest conceptual models of long-term trajectories and examine the respective contribution of the drivers considered in this study. On mountainous island beaches, this study shows that local settings explain the high longitudinal variability detected in various climatic situations. In addition, this study contributes to the global samples of studied islands and to move forward on the understanding of past coastal changes in French overseas islands
Lehec, Henri. "Spectroscopie Rydberg et excitation du coeur isolé d'atomes d'ytterbium ultra-froids." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS566/document.
Full textRydberg atoms offer an ideal platform for the study of long-range interacting systems.However, usual techniques for imaging and trapping are unavailable in alkali Rydberg atoms. Our approach rely on the use of a two-optically-active-valence-electrons atom such as ytterbium. Ionic core transitions of this atom offer new perspecives for optical manipulation in the Rydberg state. However,questions remain open, especially on the possibilities of avoiding the autoionization, process which occurs when the atom is doubly excited.In this thesis, we report on the construction of the experiment, from the cooling and trapping of theatoms to the excitation in Rydberg states. Because of the interactions between valence electrons, the spectroscopy of these highly excited states is relatively complicated. An experimental study, coupled to a multi-channel quantum defect analysis (MQDT) has been done on the s,p,d and f Rydberg series. This study produced an improvement on the precision of the spectroscopy of this series by more than two orders of magnitude. We then studied the isolated core excitationon the 6s1/2 -> 6p1/2 transition for Rydberg states of large orbital quantum numbers (l=5-9). This study showed that auto-ionisation is mostly due to the coupling to the continuum of the 5d3/2 core state. In opposition to the barium atom, where auto-ionisation drops rapidly with the orbital quantum number, we have shown that ytterbium is less favourable to that extent. Thanks to this study we will be able to determine which states are good candidates for the optical manipulation
Carsin, Jean-Louis. "Contribution aux etudes de pollution marine. Eutrophisation des eaux de clipperton et de la rade de brest. Marees noires apres les naufrages de l'amoco cadiz, du tanio et du gino. Discussions generales, aspects juridiques et reglementaires pour la protection du milieu marin." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066298.
Full textBusquet, Caroline. "Développement d'un système d'imagerie superrésolue d'un gaz d'atomes ultrafroids piégés dans des réseaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0749/document.
Full textQuantum mechanics was a revolution for microscopic systems understanding. However, the study of many-body systems remains a challenge because of computation complexity. Ultracold atoms trapped in lattices offer an alternative way to simulate condensed matter properties. Indeed, their behaviour is similar to the one of electrons in crystals.The common approach for generating optical lattices is to make two laser beams interefere so that we can get a stationary wave that reproduces the potential wells of the crystalline structure. In the new ongoing project, the lattices will be produced by modulation of Casimir-Polder forces nearby a nanostructured surface. Ultracold atoms trapped in a 2D lattice with a short lattice spacing (50 nm) will enable a better understanding of material properties (e.g. graphene).The work I have done during my thesis can be split into in four parts. The first one consisted in cooling Rubidium 87 until Bose-Einstein condensate regime. Then, numerical simulations were performed to set up a new subwavelength imaging technique, based on different couplings between atomic levels with a double lattice. This will make it possible to activate the sites selectively, in order to pinpoint the atoms with subwavelength precision. Moreover, a new imaging system was developped to improve the resolution of the atomic cloud images. I did new calculations in order to predict experimental results on adiabatic atomic transport in the near field of a surface. Finally, a new laser architecture was designed in this thesis, as part of CIFRE convention, in order to cool down potassium 40 atoms, which has to be done in the future
Cantat-Moltrecht, Tigrane. "Atomes de Rydberg en interaction : des nuages denses d'atomes de Rydberg à la simulation quantique avec des atomes circulaires." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE001/document.
Full textInteracting many-body quantum systems are at the heart of contemporary research in quantum physics. The understanding of such systems is crucial to the development of condensed-matter physics. Many research efforts aim at building a "quantum simulator": a platform which allows to model a hard-to-access quantum system with a more controllable one. Ensembles of Rydberg atoms, thanks to their strong dipolar interactions, make for an excellent system to study many-body quantum physics. We present here a study of the excitation of a dense cloud of interacting Rydberg atoms. This study was conducted on an experimental setup mixing on-chip cold atoms techniques with Rydberg atoms manipulation techniques. The result of this study leads us to make a full-fledged proposal for the realisation of a quantum simulator, based on trapped circular Rydberg atoms. The proposed simulator is particularly promising due to its flexibility and to the long simulation times for which it would allow. We conclude this manuscript with a detailed description of the first experimental step towards building such a simulator: the on-chip excitation of circular Rydberg atoms
Kime, Leila. "Production d'une source d'ions césium monocinétique basée sur des atomes refroidis par laser en vue d'un couplage avec une colonne à faisceaux d'ions focalisés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781962.
Full textBouazza, Chayma. "Gaz de dysprosium ultrafroid dans des pièges dipolaires optiques : contrôle des interactions entre atomes fortement magnétiques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE012/document.
Full textIn this thesis, I present the study of the laser trapping and cooling of a Dysprosium atomic gas. This latter belong to the lanthanide family, it exhibits a large angular momentum in its electronic ground state, making it a suitable candidate for investigating dipolar quantum gases. These systems present a major interest as they can lead to the observation of novel quantum phenomena thanks to the anisotropic and long-range character of the interaction between magnetic dipoles. Moreover, Dysprosium has a rich electronic structure offering the possibility to implement strong light-spin coupling with a reduced heating with respect to alkali species, which paves the way toward the realization of synthetic gauge fields.In this work, I present the experimental investigation of different interaction mechanisms occurring in an ultracold gas of Dysprosium, ranging from light-assisted collisions to dipolar relaxation and evaporative cooling. I expose also the experimental realization of an effective magnetic field, using spin-dependent light-shift, allowing optical control over atomic interactions by means of Feshbach resonances
Langlois, Mehdi. "Conception et réalisation d'un gradiomètre de gravité à atomes froids." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066513/document.
Full textThis thesis is about the design and realisation of a new atomic interferometer experiment at SYRTE. It will allow ultra-sensitive measurements of the vertical gradient of gravity. This experiment will work using ultra-cold atoms as a source, prepared on an atom chip. It will use large momentum transfer beam-splitter, obtained by high order Bragg diffraction. The transport of atoms will be provided by moving optical lattices. A first part of the experimental setup was assembled and its operation was validated by producing a dual interferometer. This interferometer is performed on two atomic clouds produced successively from the same source of cold atoms, and interrogated by the same pair of Raman beams. A new method of differential phase extraction has been experimentally demonstrated. It is based on the exploitation of the correlations between the interferometer phase measurements and the estimation of the seismic phase provided by an additional classical sensor
Lefèvre, Grégoire. "Développement d’un interféromètre atomique en cavité pour le projet MIGA." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0063/document.
Full textAfter few decades of development, atom interferometry has become an extremely efficient tool for measuring inertial effects such as accelerations and rotations. Such techniques are now envisioned for a future generation of gravitational wave detectors to push further the limit of the current optical detectors. The Matter-Wave Laser Interferometer Gravitation Antenna (MIGA) instrument will couple atom and optical interferometry to study perturbations of the gravitational field at low-frequencies (Hz and sub-Hz). It will consist of an array of 3 atom interferometers, simultaneously interrogated by the light field resonating inside two 150 m long optical cavities, using a set of high order Bragg pulses π/2 - π - π/2. Gradiometric measurements allows a strong immunity to seismic and newtonian noises which limit optical ground-based detectors such as LIGO and Virgo. A preliminary experiment is being developed at the LP2N laboratory, in Talence (France), where a single atomic cloud is interrogated inside two 80 cm long cavities. In order to interrogate efficiently the 87Rb atoms, a gaussian beam with a radius of several mm resonating inside these cavities is required. This can be achieved by using a marginally stable cavity geometry, composed by two plane mirrors located in the focal planes of a biconvex lens
Celistrino, Teixeira Raul. "Effets mécaniques de l'interaction dipolaire des atomes de Rydberg sondés par spectroscopie microonde." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066224/document.
Full textThe typical energy scales that arise from dipolar interaction between Rydberg atoms are orders of magnitude bigger than those related to the interaction between atoms and molecules at the ground level. A length scale of several micrometres stems from that strong interaction, which is the cause of the so-called dipole blockade effect, or the suppression of excitation of Rydberg atoms within dense atomic clouds. In the first part of this thesis, we study the possibility of using this effect to the deterministic excitation of a single atom within a Bose-Einstein condensate in a magnetic trap created on an atom chip. In a second part, we study the dipolar interaction of Rydberg atoms in dense ensembles, through microwave spectroscopy of transitions between Rydberg levels close in energy. These ensembles are created by laser excitation of Rb87 atoms initially in the ground level, trapped in a dense, cold cloud. The spectra of the microwave transitions are broadened and shifted, due to dipolar interaction. The study of these spectra then allows to infer several aspects of the spatial distribution of the Rydberg atoms, which reveals different excitation processes depending whether the laser light is in resonance or shifted with respect to the Rydberg transition. The mechanical evolution of the Rydberg atom cloud as a function of their mutual repulsive interaction was also observed, by performing microwave spectroscopy at different delays from the laser excitation. By these observations we show that, for time scales bigger than 10µs, their movement must be taken into account if one wants to understand the dynamics of the Rydberg excitation in dense atomic clouds
Ferrini, Giulia. "Phénomènes de cohérence quantique macroscopique dans les jonctions Josephson bosoniques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680099.
Full textTuchendler, Charles. "Nouvelle génération de dispositif à microscope de grande ouverture pour le piégeage d’atomes individuels." Thesis, Palaiseau, Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IOTA0012/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the early work done on a new setup that we have developped for trapping single atoms in an optical tweezer using only one diffraction limited large numerical aperture aspheric lens. Together with an experimental optical measurement of a 1µm laser beam waist created by such an aspheric lens, we showed that the diffraction limited transverse field of the lens is about plus or minus 25 µm. The ability of this new setup to trap single atoms is demonstrated and some crucial parameters are then determined : survival time in the dark, heating rate, fluorescence light polarisation, oscillation frequencies. During this PhD, we did focus our attention especially on determining the energy distribution of the single trapped atoms. A release and recapture technique along with the spectroscopic study of the energy levels occupation helped us show a termal behavior of a succession of single atoms in an optical twezer. By using common laser cooling techniques associated with adiabatic down ramping cooling, we showed that a reduction by a factor 100 of the mean energy corresponding to a mean vibrationnal energy level of about 4 and a minimum temperature of 1,75 µK. Spatial manipulation of single atoms and qubits was also studied. Using a tip-tilt platform, a second trap is set on the experiment and the transfer from one trap to the other, as well as the displacement of one trap with help of the platform, are experimentally studied. Both the temperature of the atoms and the qubit lifetime are showed to be insensitive to these manipulations
Bordoux, Maxime. "Développement d'une source de condensats de Bose-Einstein pour l'interférométrie atomique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30325.
Full textMy thesis consists in developing a new atom interferometer using Bose Einstein condensate sources. This new interferometer aims to overcome current state of the art sensitivity, and will be used to perform equivalence principle test, quantum electrodynamics, and theories beyond standard model. During my PhD, I designed and built a new interferometer to perform a test of atom electrical neutrality by taking advantage of the scalar Aharanov-Bohm effect. In this manuscript, I present, in a first part, the ultra-cold atom source obtained with an all optical method. An evaporation cooling was performed on a cloud of 3.10^9 atoms with a temperature of 20 µK to end up with a pure condensate of 2.10^4 atoms. In a second time, a laser setup was designed and built to create an optical diffraction lattice. In the meantime, a part of my work also consisted in developing a mesoscopic atom chip. The use of atom chip allows to considerably reduce the dimension of the apparatus, it requires a low electrical power and allows a high duty cycle. Such a technology offers new perspectives regarding space missions
Tignone, Edoardo. "Cavity quantum electrodynamics : from photonic crystals to Rydberg atoms." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF008/document.
Full textIn the first chapter of this thesis, we study a quasiperiodic array of dielectric membranes inside a high-finesse Fabry-Pérot cavity. We work within the framework of the transfer matrix formal- ism. We show that, in a transmissive regime, the introduction of a quadratic spatial defect in the membrane positions enhances both the linear and quadratic optomechanical couplings between optical and mechanical degrees of freedom. Finally, we propose a theoretical model to simulate a one-dimensional quasiperiodic photonic crystal. In the second chapter of this thesis, we consider the problem of the transport of an exciton through a one-dimensional chain of two-level systems. We embed the chain of emitters in a transverse optical cavity and we show that, in the strong coupling regime, a ultrafast ballistic transport of the exciton is possible via the polaritonic modes rather than ordinary hopping. Due to the hybrid nature of polaritons, the transport efficiency is particularly robust against disorder and imperfections in the system. In the third chapter of this thesis, we consider an ordered array of cold atoms trapped in an optical lattice inside a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. We study photon-photon interactions mediated by hard-core repulsion between excitons. We show that, in spite of underlying repulsive interac- tion, photons in the scattering states demonstrate bunching, which can be controlled by tuning the interatomic separation. We interpret this bunching as the result of scattering due to the mismatch of the quantization volumes for excitons and photons, and discuss the dependence of the effect on experimentally relevant parameters. In the fourth chapter of the thesis, we extend the results of the previous chapter to Rydberg atoms
Bade, Satyanarayana. "Propagation of atoms in a magnetic waveguide on a chip." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066718/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study the propagation of atoms in a magnetic toroidal waveguide, with the aim of developing an inertial sensor. Here, we present different strategies to create the waveguide on an atom chip for a guided Sagnac atom interferometer. We devised three solutions which can be achieved using the same wire configuration. They use the current modulation technique, from a new point of view, which simultaneously tackles the problem of wire corrugation and spin dependent Majorana atom losses. The effect of the multimode propagation of the atoms in the guide is also quantified in this thesis. Using a simple model, we covered the propagation of noninteracting ultracold and thermal gases. We identified the operating conditions to realize a cold atom interferometer with a large dynamic range essential for applications in inertial navigation. Experimentally, the thesis describes the realisation and characterisation of the cold atom source close to a gold coated substrate, as well as the implementation and the characterisation of the atom detection systems
Soares, Marcelo de Oliveira. "Geobiologia do Atol das Rocas, Atlântico Sul Equatorial." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30387.
Full textThis thesis approaches the geobiology of the only Atoll in the South Atlantic Ocean. Different classifications were made for Rocas Reef Complex along the nineteenth and twentieth century, which are evaluated historically. Biogeomorphological analysis and mapping of the reef units were done on the Rocas Atoll for the comprehension of the sedimentary dynamic and of the relief of this oceanic reef. The different reef compartments are affected by biogeomorphological processes such as erosive process control, bioprotection, bioerosion, bioturbation, cementing of the biogenic carbonate sand, production of biodetritic sediments and bioconstruction (especially of calcareous algae, vermetids, corals and foraminifers). Different organisms including birds, fishes, turtles, corals, zoanthids, algae, mollusks, polychaets, sipunculids, foraminifers and microorganisms act in the different groups of biogeomorphological processes generating the unique characteristics of the Atoll. The oceanic reef developed over the past 7000 years in the Neogene Period. The paleohydrodynamic of the oceanic current, variations of the gradient of energy on the leeward/windward side and, above all, the eustatic holocenic oscillations were predominant in the reef evolution. In high sea levels a lagoon composed by bentonic communities formed with great biological diversity. The regression and erosion by waves and currents led to the formation of shallow lagoon environment, extensive sandy deposit and the Islands in leeward side. The temporal and spatial dynamic of seven main communities of underwater, intertidal and emerged environments is shown for the first time.
Antoni-Micollier, Laura. "Interféromètre à atomes froids de 39K et 87Rb pour tester le principe d'équivalence en micropesanteur." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0175/document.
Full textDuring the last two decades, new techniques to cool and manipulate atoms have enabled the development of inertial sensors based on atom interferometry. In this context, the ICE project is based on a compact and transportable dual-species atom interferometer in order to verify the weak equivalence principle (WEP). Thus, we compare the acceleration of two chemical species and verify their equality by measuring the Eötvös parameter at the 10-6 level.This experiment was performed both in the laboratory and in the microgravity environment during parabolic flights onboard the Novespace ZERO-G aircraft. The interferometer is composed of laser-cooled samples of 87Rb and 39K, which exhibit similar transition wavelengths (780 nm and 767 nm) derived from frequency-doubled telecom lasers. Recently, we have performed the first dual species interferometer in microgravity. This enables the first test of the WEP in weightlessness using quantum objects, which represents a major first step toward future mission in space.As part of these experiments, we have implemented a 770 nm laser source, resonant with the D1 transition of 39K, in order to perform a gray molasses cooling. We have also devised a new sequence to prepare atoms in the mF = 0 state with a transfer efficiency above 90%. These techniques improved the contrast of our 39K interferometer by a factor 4, which led to the obtention of a sensitivity on the Eötvös parameter in the laboratory of 5 x 10-8 after 5000 s of integration
Crépin, François. "Phases désordonnées dans des gaz d'atomes froids de basse dimensionnalité." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112148/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study two distinct problems related to the physics of quantum gases in one dimension. After writing a low-energy Hamiltonian, we address the question of localization by considering the pinning of density waves by weak disorder. Using the Renormalization Group and a variationnal method in replica space, we find that the phase diagram is adequately plotted as a function of two parameters: the strength of Bose-Bose and Bose-Fermi interactions. The position and properties of the various phases depend on an additional third parameter, the ratio of the phonon velocities of each component of the gas. Whatever the value of this ratio, we identify -- using the Renormalization Group and a variational calculation -- three types of phases, (i) a fully delocalized phase, that is a two-component Luttinger, (ii) a fully localized phase where both components are pinned by disorder and (iii) an intermediate phase where fermions are localized and bosons are superfluid. The second system is a two-leg ladder lattice of hardcore bosons. Three parameters control the physics: transverse and longitudinal tunneling and the filling. Using several analytical methods (perturbation theory, bosonization, RG) we give an interpretation of new numerical results obtained by our collaborators, namely on the Luttinger parameter of the symmetric mode. We deduce a phase diagram for weak disorder
Oliveira, de Araujo Michelle. "Super- et sous-radiance dans un nuage dilué d'atomes froids." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4200/document.
Full textThe problem of the interaction of N atoms with a laser beam and vacuum modes can give rise to many interesting phenomena concerning the spontaneous emission of light and its propagation in the medium. The cooperative effects, for example, such as superadiance and subradiance, are effects related to the coherence created between the atoms when a photon is emitted spontaneously by a single excited atom. Superradiance can be defined as the enhancement of the spontaneous emission due to constructive interference of the scattered light. Its counterpart, subradiance, is the trapping of some remaining light due to destructive interference. In cold atoms, some previous theoretical works predict and characterize these two cooperative effects in a large and diluted atomic cloud, in the regime of low intensities and large detunings of the incident laser. The theoretical model is a coupled-dipole model for two-level atoms driven by a low-intensity field and in the scalar approach. The experiment consists in measuring the super- and subradiant decay rates from the temporal emitted intensity after the switch off of the incident laser in the steady state. Our experimental setup consists in a magneto-optical trap of rubidium 87 atoms at large resonant optical thicknesses. A probe beam excites the atoms close to the D2 line. The intensity emitted is detected by a single photon detector with no afterpulsing and a calibration procedure allows us to determine the resonant optical thickness of the cloud and its temperature. In this work, we report the experimental observation of super- and subradiance in a large cloud of cold atoms. For subradiance, the main result is the linear evolution of the characteristic time with the resonant optical thickness of the cloud and its independence of the detuning. For superradiance, we observe superradiance out of the forward direction. We verify the validity of our interpretations with the predictions of the coupled-dipole model. Finally, we discuss the interplay of subradiance and radiation trapping, as well as theoretical predictions for: a setup of a phased cloud, to control the subradiant amplitude emission; and temperature effects, where subradiance is shown to be robust in a large range of temperatures
CARNEIRO, Isis Santos Cabral. "Comunidade de peixes nas piscinas de maré do Atol das Rocas, Brasil : a influência da conexão com o mar." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5228.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The reef environments have the highest species diversity among marine ecosystems. The reef fish communities are characterized by their high diversity, both in terms of numbers of species as in morphology and are important components of the biota of these environments, working in the structuring of communities through predation and competition processes. The structure of fish populations respond to various environmental factors (rainfall regime, environmental geomorphology, tidal dynamics, water transparency, quality and type of organic matter, current velocity and availability of food resources), these factors influence the spatial distribution and temporal species. Thus, this aimed to understand the timeline distribution of fish populations between the pools with or without connection to the open sea in Rocas Atoll, identifying the environmental characteristics with the greatest influence on the structure of fish populations. This is the only atoll in the South Atlantic Ocean and is located 266 km off the Brazilian coast, differs from other atolls because it is composed exclusively of algae encrusting coralline. In its plateau occur tidal pools, canals and sandy islands. 90 hours of diving were held in two pools with connection to the open sea and two disjoint through five linearly arranged transects the edge to the center of the pool, including the dry and rainy seasons. The temperature data were recorded, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen from each pool much water in the dry season and the rainy. It was identified to the substrate composition of the pools through the photos using the methodology Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions program. 12,065 individuals, distributed in 20 families and 33 species were observed. The pools with connection with the sea showed the highest values of diversity and abundance and presented as the most abundant species Thalassoma noronhanum, Acanthurus chirurgus, Abudefduf saxatilis and Stegastes rocacensis, these species are equivalent to 87.3% of relative abundance these pools. The pools without connection with the sea showed a difference in the fish community in comparison to the pools with connection, being the most abundant species the A.saxatilis, A. chirurgus, T. noronhanum and Haemulon chrysargyreum. The richness, diversity and equitability varied between climatic periods and connection type. A significant correlation between the diversity and depth (RS 0,322e = p <0.05) was observed. They were observed seven types of substrate: coral, zoanthid, turf algae, seaweed, corallinae algae, gravel and sand. The substrate showed a correlation between the two pools open with rS = 0.857, p <0.05 where both presented seaweed as most of the substrate. In Rocas Atoll the connection type and depth of the pool, time of year and the type of substrate influence the composition and distribution of fish populations between the pools.
Os ambientes recifais apresentam a maior diversidade de espécies dentre os ecossistemas marinhos. As comunidades de peixes recifais são caracterizadas pela sua elevada diversidade, tanto em termos de números de espécies como em morfologia, sendo componentes importantes da biota destes ambientes, atuando na estruturação das comunidades através de processos de predação e competição. A estrutura da ictiofauna responde a diversos fatores ambientais (regime de pluviosidade, geomorfologia do ambiente, dinâmica da maré, transparência da água, qualidade e tipo de matéria orgânica, velocidade das correntes e disponibilidade dos recursos alimentares), esses fatores influenciam na distribuição espacial e temporal das espécies. Desta forma, o presente objetivou compreender a distribuição espaço temporal da ictiofauna entre as piscinas com ou sem conexão com o mar aberto no Atol das Rocas, identificando as características ambientais com maior influência na estruturação da ictiofauna. Este é o único atol do Oceano Atlântico Sul e está localizado a 266 km da costa brasileira, difere dos outros atóis porque é composto exclusivamente por algas coralíneas incrustantes. Em seu platô ocorrem piscinas de maré, canais e ilhas arenosas. Foram realizadas 90 horas de mergulho, em duas piscinas com conexão com o mar aberto e duas sem conexão, por meio de cinco transectos dispostos linearmente da borda para o centro da piscina, abrangendo os períodos seco e chuvoso. Foram registrados os dados de temperatura, salinidade, pH e oxigênio dissolvido da água de cada piscina tanto no período seco como no chuvoso. Foi identificada a composicão do substrato das piscinas através da metodologia de fotografias utilizando o programa Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions. Foram observados 12.065 indivíduos, distribuídos em 20 famílias e 33 espécies. As piscinas com conexão com o mar apresentaram os maiores valores de diversidade e abundância e apresentaram como espécie mais abundantes Thalassoma noronhanum, Acanthurus chirurgus, Abudefduf saxatilise, Stegastes rocacensis, essas espécies equivalem a 87,3% da abundância relativa dessas piscinas. As piscinas sem conexão com o mar apresentaram uma diferença na composição ictiofaunística em comparação com as piscinas fechadas, sendo as espécies mais abundantes o Abudefuf saxatilis, A. chirurgus, T. noronhanum e Haemulonchrysargyreum. Os valores de riqueza, diversidade e equitabilidade variaram entre períodos climáticos e tipo de conexão. Foi observada uma correlação entre a diversidade e profundidade (rS=0,322e p<0,05).Foram observados sete tipos de substrato: coral, zoantídeo, alga turf, macroalga, alga coralínea, cascalho e areia. O substrato apresentou correlação entre as duas piscinas abertas com rS =0,857 e p<0,05 onde ambas apresentaram macroalgas como maior parte do substrato. No Atol das Rocas o tipo de conexão e profundidade da piscina, período do ano e o tipo de substrato influenciam na composição e distribuição da ictiofauna entre as piscinas.
Bonneau, Marie. "Mélange à quatre ondes atomique dans un réseau optique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665955.
Full textRio, Fernandes Diogo. "Trapping and cooling of fermionic alkali atoms to quantum degeneracy : Sub-Doppler cooling of Potassium-40 and Lithium-6 in gray molasses." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066689.
Full textThis thesis describes the design, construction and characterization of an apparat us capable of trapping and cooling fermionic atoms of 6Li and 40K to ultracold temperatures.The study of mixtures of degenerate Fermi gases opens the door for the creation of new many-body quantum systems.We present a novel laser cooling technique able to simultaneously cool 6Li and 40K to the sub-Doppler regime based on the gray molasses scheme operating on the D1 atomic transition. This strategy enhances the phase space density of both atomic species to 104, the highest value reported in the literature for laser cooled 6Li and 40K. The optimization of a device able to transport a magnetically trapped atomic cloud from the MOT chamber to a science cell is described. In this cell evaporative cooling is performed first in a plugged magnetic quadrupole trap and then in an optical dipoletrap. We report the production of a quantum degenerate Fermi gas of 1.1x106 atoms40K in a crossed dipole trap with T/TF = 0.27, paving the way for the creation of strongly interacting superfluids of 40K
Dutta, Indranil. "Stability improvement of a sagnac cold atom interferometer : towards continuous operation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066572/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at pushing the performances of a cold atom interferometer principally sensitive to rates of rotation in a particular axis. In our experiment, Cesium atoms are laser cooled, trapped and launched in a fountain configuration. According to the Sagnac effect, the sensitivity of the interferometer to rotation is proportional to the area enclosed by the interferometer arms. We use stimulated Raman transitions to split the atoms in two paths and to form a folded Mach-Zehnder-like interferometer architecture using four Raman pulses. With an interrogation time of the atoms of 800 ms, we achieve a Sagnac area as high as 11 cm^2. The thesis describes the improvements to the experimental setup to operate the gyroscope with such a high Sagnac area. A procedure for the relative alignment of the Raman beams at the microrad level is presented, which is critical to meet the interference condition of the cold atoms at the interferometer output. The characterization and mitigation of the vibration noise, affecting the gyroscope, is also demonstrated. We finally demonstrate a short term rotation stability of 160 nrad/s at 1 s and a long term stability of 1.8 nrad/s after 10 000 s of integration time. This stability level represents a factor 5 improvement compared to the previous SYRTE gyroscope experiment of 2009 and a factor 15 compared to other published results. The thesis work also presents a new method of interrogation to operate the gyroscope without dead times, which is important for various applications of cold atom sensors in inertial navigation, geophysics and in fundamental physics
Savoie, Denis. "Fonctionnements continu et entrelacé d'un gyromètre à atomes froids et amélioration de sa stabilité." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066585/document.
Full textSagnac atomic gyroscopes have great potential due to their high sensitivity to rotation. The SYRTE atomic gyroscope uses laser cooled cesium atoms. Thank to stimulated Raman transitions, we form a folded Mach-Zehnder type interferometer. The instrument allows interrogation times up to 800~ms, which corresponds to a 11~cm$^2$ Sagnac area, the largest demonstrated for atom interferometers. This is a major step toward the use of such instruments in inertial navigation. I describe the methods implemented to push the short-term sensitivity and performed the first detailed study of systematics, such as those linked to light-shifts due to the preparation and the detection of the atoms and those linked to misalignment of parallelism of the mirrors and of the trajectories of the atoms. I demonstrated a short-term stability of 30~nrad.s$^{-1}$.Hz$^{-1/2}$ in triple interleaved joint interrogation which improves the state of the art by a factor 3. The state of the art has also been improved by a factor 5 in long-term with a 0,2~nrad.s$^{-1}$ stability in 30~000~s
Vasquez, Bullon Hugo Salvador. "Construction d'une nouvelle expérience pour l'étude de gaz quantiques dégénérés des réseaux optiques, et étude d'un système d'imagerie super-résolution." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0035/document.
Full textFor some time now, theoretical physicists in condensed matter face a majorproblem: the computing power needed to numerically simulate and study some interactingmany-body systems is insufficient. As the control and use of ultracold atomic systems hasexperimented a significant development in recent years, an alternative to this problem is to usecold atoms trapped in optical lattices as a quantum simulator. Indeed, the physics of electronsmoving on a crystalline structure of a solid, and the one of trapped atoms in optical lattices areboth described by the same model, the Fermi-Hubbard model, which is a simplifiedrepresentation of fermions moving on a periodic lattice. The quantum simulators can thusreproduce the electrical properties of materials such as conductivity or insulating behavior, andpotentially also the magnetic ones such as antiferromagnetism.The AUFRONS experiment, in which I worked during my PhD, aims at building a quantumsimulator based on cooled atoms of 87Rb and 40K trapped in near field nanostructured opticalpotentials. In order to detect the atom distribution at such small distances, we have developedan innovative imaging technique for getting around the diffraction limit. This imaging systemcould potentially allow us to detect single-site trapped atoms in a sub-wavelength lattice.In this thesis, I introduce the work I have done for building the AUFRONS experiment, as wellas the feasability study that I did for the super-resolution imaging technique
Cottier, Florent. "Interaction lumière-atomes : approche de champ moyen et fluctuations d’intensité." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4024/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate the coherent scattering of light propagating in a random medium. We are interested in phenomena like the super- and subradiance and Anderson localization that are related to waves interferences and spatial disorder. However, the fundamental difference between subradiance and Anderson localization still needs to be clarified. This thesis gives new elements for the understanding of these phenomena and we present a new method to observe Anderson localization. A mean-field model that does not contain disorder is developed, and we show that super- and subradiance do not require disorder whereas Anderson localization does. In this theoretical work, the coupling between the light and many atoms is reduced to a coupling matrix between the atoms by tracing over the degrees of freedom of the light, which results in a linear problem for the atomic dipoles. The study of the eigenvalues and eigenmodes of this matrix then allows to determine the super- and subradiant modes, and to probe the Anderson localization phase transition with a scaling analysis. Furthermore, the link to the experiment is realized by showing that the intensity fluctuations present an increase at the localization transition. The system is studied in the steady-state regime when the medium is continuously charged by a laser until reaches a stationary regime, and the decay dynamics, when the laser is switched off, so the cloud releases the energy stored. Finally, we present a preliminary work that shows that the diagonal disorder might be a good strategy to reach Anderson localization
Gudyma, Andrii. "Non-equilibrium dynamics of a trapped one-dimensional Bose gas." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS064/document.
Full textA study of breathing oscillations of a one-dimensional trapped interacting Bose gas is presented. Oscillations are initiated by an instantaneous change of the trapping frequency. In the thesis a 1D quantum Bose gas in a parabolic trap at zero temperature is considered, and it is explained, analytically and numerically, how the oscillation frequency depends on the number of particles, their repulsive interaction, and the trap parameters. We have focused on the many-body spectral description, using the sum rules approximation. The oscillation frequency is identified as the energy difference between the ground state and a particular excited state. The existence of three regimes is demonstrated, namely the Tonks regime, the Thomas-Fermi regime and the Gaussian regime. The transition from the Tonks to the Thomas-Fermi regime is described in the terms of the local density approximation (LDA). For the description of the transition from the Thomas-Fermi to the Gaussian regime the Hartree approximation is used. In both cases the parameters where the transitions happen are found. The extensive diffusion Monte Carlo simulations for a gas containing up to N = 25 particles is performed. As the number of particles increases, predictions from the simulations converge to the ones from the Hartree and LDA in the corresponding regimes. This makes the results for the breathing mode frequency applicable for arbitrary values of the particle number and interaction. The analysis is completed with the finite N perturbative results in the limiting cases. The theory predicts the reentrant behavior of the breathing mode frequency when moving from the Tonks to the Gaussian regime and fully explains the recent experiment of the Innsbruck group
Hermann, Avigliano Carla. "Towards deterministic preparation of single Rydberg atoms and applications to quantum information processing." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066351/document.
Full textRydberg atoms and superconducting cavities are remarkable tools for the exploration of basic quantum phenomena and quantum information processing. These giant atoms are blessed with unique properties. They undergo a strong distance-Dependent dipole-Dipole interaction that gives rise to the dipole blockade mechanism: in the Van der Waals regime, this energy shift scales as n11, where n is the principal quantum number. If we shine an excitation laser tuned at the frequency of the isolated atomic transition on an atomic cloud, we expect to excite at most one atom within a blockade volume of ⇠ 8(μm)3. We have set up an experiment to prepare deterministically one Rydberg atom. It uses a small cloud of ground-State Rubidium 87 atoms, magnetically trapped on a superconducting atom chip at 4 K, and laser-Excited to the Rydberg states. The dipole blockade effect is sensitive to the line broadening due to the stray electric fields. Once an atom has been excited to our target state HH 60S1/2↵, we explore the narrow millimeter-Wave transitions between Rydberg states in order to assess these stray fields . With a gold-Coated front surface for the chip, we observe as other groups large field gradients due to slowly deposited Rubidium atoms. We circumvent this problem by coating the chip with a metallic Rubidium layer. This way the gradients are reduced by an order of magnitude. This improvement allows us to observe extremely high coherence times, in the millisecond range, for Rydberg atoms near a superconducting atom-Chip. Theoretically, we present a simple scheme for the fast and efficient generation of quantum superpositions of two coherent fields with different classical amplitudes in a cavity. It relies on the simultaneous interaction of two two-Level atoms with the field. Their final detection with a high probability in the proper state projects the field onto the desired mesoscopic field state superposition (MFSS). We show that the scheme is notably more efficient than those using a single atom. This work is done in the context of cavity QED, where the two-Level systems are circular Rydberg atoms whose lifetime may reach milliseconds, interacting with the field of a superconducting microwave cavity. But this scheme is also highly relevant for the thriving field of circuit-QED. In both contexts, it may lead to interesting experimental studies of decoherence at the quantum-Classical boundary
Reyes, Rose Helena. "Entre áreas, atos e atores: o papel do coordenador pedagógico na construção de uma ética dialógica na escola." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11925.
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Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-14T13:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert. Rose Reyes.pdf: 2231608 bytes, checksum: d8c26d02f389a2244d8b2f596e5f78b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
O que se buscou nessa dissertação foi a possibilidade de interlocução, de reflexão sobre o sentido ético da função do coordenador pedagógico, mediador do relacionamento entre educadores, educandos e seus pais, na experiência específica da escola da Casa Via Magia, contextualizada na história mais ampla da escola no país, o que inclui, necessariamente, o Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova (1932), a Lei 5692, a Escolinha de Arte do Brasil, a Nova LDB, os PCNs, o Normal Superior, o MEC e as despesas com educação. Trata-se de um relato da própria história, onde se colocam juntos o observador e o aprendente da própria experiência, sob a influência do estilo de uma época e de uma confluência de saberes (da escola nova, da arte-educação, da psicanálise, do construtivismo, do sociointeracionismo, da filosofia da educação). Disserta-se sobre um caminho em que educar é aprender a pensar/ser. Interessou-nos especificamente compreender o caráter relacional interdependente entre coordenador pedagógico, professor e pais, as posições que vem ocupando esse primeiro, ora nos bastidores ora no público ora no palco, profissional tão recentemente chegado ao Ensino Fundamental, e contribuir com outras escolas e/ou educadores, socializando diferentes níveis de dificuldade e crises, assim como pesquisas e descobertas próprias do seu processo de construção dessa função educacional.
Salvador
Hilico, Adèle. "Capture de forces à atomes piégés dans un réseau optique : caractérisation des performances." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0007/document.
Full textThe thesis presents the set up of the second version of the experiment FORCA-G (CAsimir FORce and Gravitation at short range). The purpose of this experiment is the measurement of short-range interactions between an atom and a massive surface. The measurement is realised thanks to atom interferometers using atoms trapped in a 1D vertical optical lattice. The energy levels of atoms in such a trap are shifted from lattice site to another by the force we aim at measuring. We move the atoms from site to site using counter-propagating Raman transitions. The atoms are moved from Δm lattice sites only if the Raman frequency matches υHFS +∆m.υB where υHFS is the frequency of the hyperfine ground state transition and υB is the Bloch frequency and represents the difference of potential energy between two wells in the case where the atoms are far from the surface. This thesis presents the implementation of a setup properly dedicated to FORCA-G in which the measurement of short-range forces will be possible. It reaches an improved short-term relative sensitivity on the measurement of the Bloch frequency of at 3.9 10-6 at 1s. It contains the studies of the limits in the sensitivity, the accuracy and the contrast losses. It also presents the implementation of a dipolar trap to further cool the atoms and increase their density (crossed dipolar trap with a 1064 broadband laser)
Nguyen, Thanh Long. "Study of dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms : toward quantum simulation with Rydberg atoms." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066695/document.
Full textQuantum simulation offers a highly promising way to understand large correlated quantum systems, and many experimental platforms are now being developed. Rydberg atoms are especially appealing thanks to their strong and short-range dipole-dipole interaction. In our setup, we prepare and manipulate ensembles of Rydberg atoms excited from an ultracold atomic cloud magnetically trapped above a superconducting chip. The dynamics of the Rydberg excitation can be controlled through the laser excitation process. The many-body atomic interaction energy spectrum is then directly measured through microwave spectroscopy. This thesis develops a rigorous Monte Carlo model that provides an insight into the excitation process. Using this model, we discuss a possibility to explore quantum simulations of energy transport in a 1D chain of low angular momentum Rydberg atoms. Furthermore, we propose an innovative platform for quantum simulations. It relies on a groundbreaking approach, based on laser-trapped ensemble of extremely long-lived, strongly interacting circular Rydberg atoms. We present intensive numerical results as well as discuss a wide range of problems that can be addressed with the proposed model
Gouraud, Baptiste. "Optical nanofibers interfacing cold toms. A tool for quantum optics." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066026/document.
Full textWe built a new experiment using cold atoms interacting with the light guided by an optical nanofiber. We first developed a nanofiber manufacturing bench. By heating and stretching a commercial optical fiber, a silica cylinder of 400 nm diameter is obtained. The light guided in these nanofibers is strongly focused over the whole length and exhibits strong evanescent fields. We then prepared a vacuum chamber and the laser system necessary for the manipulation of cold atoms. After inserting a nanofiber amid a cloud of cold atoms, we observed the phenomenon of slow light under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency: the light guided by the fiber is slowed down to a speed 3000 times smaller than its usual speed. We also stored the light guided by an optical fiber. After several microseconds, the information stored as a collective atomic excitation could be retrieved in the fiber. We have shown that this optical memory works for light pulses containing less than one photon on average. This system may therefore be used as a quantum memory, an essential tool for future quantum communication networks. Finally, we trapped atoms in an array in the vicinity of the nanofiber thanks to the light guided by the latter. Compared to our first set of experiments, the resulting cloud has a longer lifetime (25 ms) and interacts more strongly with the guided light (OD ~ 100). This new system should allow to efficiently implement other quantum optics protocols, such as the generation of single photons, or the entanglement of two remote atomic ensembles
Reichert, Benjamin. "Anharmonic effects in one-dimensional quantum liquids." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30258.
Full textIn one-dimensional quantum systems, the role of fluctuations and interactions is enhanced and theories used in higher- dimensional systems cannot be employed anymore to describe such strongly-correlated systems. The starting point to describe most one-dimensional systems is the Luttinger liquid theory. Even though this theory is successful to describe many phenomena, it has its shortcomings. For example, it can only treat the low-energy limit of one-dimensional systems and fails to describe the decay of excitations. In this thesis, we mainly study two kinds of problems in one dimension. The first one is the effective interaction between impurities in a Bose liquid whereas the second one is the decay of quasiparticles in a Bose-Fermi mixture. In both cases, the description of the system in terms of a Luttinger liquid is not sufficient. To overcome this, we develop different approaches for these one-dimensional systems to account for the various anharmonicities which are necessary to capture the relevant physics of these problems
Lassegues, Pierre. "Étude des corrélations d'intensité dans la lumière diffusée par un gaz d'atomes froids." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4014.
Full textThis manuscript presents the work on the study of the coherence of light carried out duringmy thesis using an experimental system based on cold atom technology. The specificity of our group is to study, detect and characterize cooperative behavior, either classical orquantum, in the light matter interaction. To do so, laser beams illuminate a cold atomic cloud and we collect the scattered light to study its properties. Our experiment benefits from a setup that allows us to observe at the same time the temporal first-order correlation function g(1)(τ ) and the temporal second-order correlation function g(2)(τ ) (also known asthe intensity correlation function). For spatially-coherent polarized chaotic light, g(2)(τ )is related to the modulus of g(1)(τ ) as follows: g(1)(τ ) = 1 + |g(1)(τ )|2. This equation is commonly called the Siegert relation. Research have already been done in our group forlow saturation limit in simple and multiple scattering regime that validate this relation.We are now studying strong saturation regime for clouds of different optical depths. Thefirst step is the characterization of temporal coherence in the saturated regime in single scattering, opening the way to the study in the multiple scattering regime. Detailed in this manuscript are the experimental calibrations and identifcation of the sources ofun certainty allowing us the experimental validation of the Siegert relation in saturated regime
Brewis, Alexandra Avril. "Age and infertility: An ethnodemographic study from Butaritari Atoll, Kiribati." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185797.
Full textHuillery, Paul. "Few and Many-body Physics in cold Rydberg gases." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112040/document.
Full textUring this thesis, the Physics of interacting systems has been investigated experimentally using Cold Rydberg gases. Rydberg atoms are highly excited atoms and have the property to interact together through long-range electrostatic interactions.The first highlight of this thesis is the direct experimental observation of a 4-body process. This process consists in the exchange of internal energy between 4 Rydbergs atoms due to their mutual interactions. In addition to its observation, it has been possible to describ this process theoretically at a quantum level.The laser excitation of strongly interacting Rydberg gases has been also investigated during this thesis. In this regime, the interactions between Rydberg atoms give rise to very interesting many-body behaviors. In addition to fundamental interest, such systems could be used to realyze quantum simulators or non-classical light sources.A second highlight of this thesis is the experimental observation of a highly sub-poissonian, i.e correlated, excitation statistics. This result confirms the many-body character of the investigated system.The third highlight of this thesis is the development of a theoretical model to describ the laser excitation of strongly interacting Rydberg gases. Using the so-called Dicke collective states it has been possible to point out new mechanismes related to the many-body character of strongly atomic interacting systems
Grankin, Andrey. "Theoretical studies of optical non-linear effects in ultracold Rydberg gases." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLO006/document.
Full textPhotons appear as reliable information messengers since they interact very weakly with their environment. Unfortunately, they interact so weakly with each other that the direct implementation of optical two-qubit gates is impossible. The propagation through atomic nonlinear media however allows one to achieve effective photon-photon interactions. The technique of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) allows one to induce a strong resonant non-linearity -- not strong enough to be noticeable in the quantum domain though, on one of the transitions of a three-level ladder system. To enhance the nonlinear effects and reach the quantum regime, it was recently proposed to combine the EIT approach with the excitation blockade induced by the strong dipole-dipole interactions between Rydberg atoms. By putting the medium in a cavity, one imposes multiple passes to the light therefore increasing the optical nonlinearity. This kind of setup was studied both theoretically and experimentally in the dispersive regime and for a relatively weak nonlinearity, for which a classical treatment of the field is still valid. In this dissertation, we investigate the optical nonlinear effects induced by a Rydberg medium in the quantum regime.In chapter 1, we present our system, its dynamical equations and recall the definition and basic properties of the intensity correlation function g^{left(2right)}that we use to characterize the action of nonlinearity on the photonic field. In chapter 2, we consider the so-called dispersive regime, i.e. when the intermediate state is far detuned and can be adiabatically eliminated. We employ the Rydberg bubble approximation in which the system effectively consists in an ensemble of two-level superatoms coupled to the cavity mode, described by the driven Tavis-Cummings model. We compute analytically and numerically the g^{left(2right)}function of the transmitted light, which, depending on the cavity parameters, is shown to be either bunched or antibunched. In chapter 3, we present an alternative treatment of the system, which allows us to investigate the resonant regime. In the low-feeding limit, we analytically derive the correlation function g^{left(2right)}left(tauright)for the transmitted and reflected lights, based on the factorization of the lowest perturbative order of operator product averages. We then propose an effective non-linear three-boson model for the coupled atom-cavity system. Finally, we investigate the resonant regime and observe novel features of the correlation function g^{left(2right)}showing the interplay of impedance matching conditions and dipole-dipole interactions. In chapter 4, we analyze the system in the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. Applying Wick's theorem, we perturbatively expand correlation functions with respect to both, feeding and dipole-dipole interactions Hamiltonians and perform a complete resummation with respect to the latter. By this method we recover the results of Chap. 3 in an analytic form. We also go beyond and derive analytic expressions for the elastic and inelastic components of the cavity transmission spectrum. We identify a polaritonic resonance structure in this spectrum, to our knowledge unreported so far, that we physically interpret. In chapter 5, we describe a novel scheme for high fidelity photonic controlled-phase gates using Rydberg blockade in an ensemble of atoms in an optical cavity. This protocol can be implemented with cavities of moderate finesse allowing for highly efficient processing of quantum information encoded in photons
Warrlich, Georg-Mathis Dieter. "3D computer forward modelling of carbonate platform evolution." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391172.
Full textJennewein, Stephan. "Réponse optique de nuage Rb87 dense." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLO004/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the response of the D2 transition of Rubidium 87 for various densities.To probe this transition we illuminate an ultra cold (100µK) sample of Rubidium 87 with close toresonance of lambda = 780 nm laser light.We observe the transmitted light while scanning the frequency over the atomic resonance. Such a spectrum is taken for peak densities ranging from 10^12 atoms/cm^3 to 10^14 atoms/cm^3. As matter gets denser and denser dipoie-dipole interaction start playing a role due to the close proximity of neighbouring scatteres. These interactions are caused by the probe light induced dipoles and start being important when the density reaches n*(lambda/2Pi)^3 = 1, which for us is the case at the upper end of the explored density range.We start off measuring these transmission data for degenerate 12-level Rubidium 87 and afterwardsfor Rubidium 87, which we first spin polarize and then by lifting the degeneracy generate an artifical2-level system. These results are systematically compared to the two available theories.A microscopic one, which is described by coupled dipoles and a macroscopic one the so calledClausius-Mosotti equation. None of the ab initio theories can explain the results obtained during this thesis.The rigerous comparison of the various acquired datasets shows that the data in itself is consistentand relative changes going from a 12-level system to a 2-level system are understood.Additionally we also investigate the pulse propagation behaviour through such a systemrevealing stunning values for the fractional pulse advancement and the group index
Adnan, Muhammad. "Experimental platform towards in-fibre atom optics and laser cooling." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0109/document.
Full textThis thesis reports on the design and fabrication of an experimental platform for in-fibre laser cooling of Rb and atom optics. By in-fibre laser cooling, we mean the long term aim of laser cooling thermal Rb atoms of a Photonic MicroCell (PMC), and subsequently developing what would be cold-atom photonic crystal fibre (PCF). The platform was designed to harbor several experiments on cold and thermal atom guidance and in-fibre spectroscopy so to address several open questions related for example to the effect of the core inner-wall surface on the atom energy structure and on selective fibre mode excitation for atom trapping and cooling. The completed platform comprises a specific and large ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber and a set of lasers for both atom cooling and atom guiding inside highly tailored hollow-core PCF (HC-PCF). The UHV chamber was designed to accommodate several HC-PCFs and two magneto-optical traps (MOT). The HC-PCF were designed, fabricated and post-processed to exhibit different core diameter, modal content and core inner surface material. For example, the mode field diameters range from ~30 µm to ~80 µm for the fundamental Gaussian-like core mode, and the surface materials include pure silica, a layer of Aluminosilicate or a layer of PDMS so to provide a large parameter space in assessing the effect of surface on the fibre-confined atoms. The system has been constructed and characterized. The cooling/repumping laser was frequency-stabilized, with measured Allan variance deviation of σ(τ)=3.8×10^(-11)/√τ. With the system we generated MOT with both isotopes of the Rb atom, with a cooling temperature as low as 7 µK. The platform is now operational to undertake the first atom guidance and explore the feasibility of atom cooling inside a HC-PCF
Chichet, Laure. "Interférométrie atomique embarquée double espèce, 87Rb et 39K, appliqué au test du principe d'équivalence faible et à la navigation inertielle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0865/document.
Full textThis thesis is at the boundary of the fundamental physics with the test of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) and the transfer of the technologies developed to industrial applications such inertial navigation. We began collaboration in a joint laboratory (iXAtom) with the iXBlue company where we worked on the hybridization of an inertial unit with a cold atom accelerometer.In order to test the WEP, we use a dual-species atom interferometer (87Rb and 39K). This experiment works in the laboratory but it is designed to perform onboard the Novespace ZERO-G plane. This specificity puts constraints on the design of the setup because it needs to be robust, compact and transportable. Our laser system is a good example because it is based on Telecom technologies (1560 and 1534 nm) frequency doubled. We realized the first test of the weak equivalence principle on microgravity with cold atoms in 2015, which is a major step toward a future spatial mission.The 39K is an atomic species hard to cool and manipulate because of its narrow hyperfine structure. We implemented an other cooling method, the gray molasses, by using a laser resonant to the potassium D1 transition. We built a new sequence to prepare the atoms in the mF= 0 state. This sequence is effective at 95%. These techniques improved the contrast of our interference fringes by a factor 4 which led to the obtention of a sensitivity on the Eötvös parameter in the laboratory of 5.2x10-8 after 11500 s of integration
Nonne, Héloïse. "Phases isolantes de Mott des atomes froids fermioniques unidimensionnels à plusieurs composantes." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0524/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the investigation of the Mott insulating phases arising in onedimensionalmulticomponent fermionic cold atoms systems. The first part of this work isthe study of a model with alkaline-earth cold atoms with nuclear spin I = 1/2. Thoseatoms enjoy an additional orbital degree of freedom, due to the presence of a metastableexcited state ; they thus have a total of four components. Our investigation is carried athalf-filling, at strong and at weak couplings by means of analytic methods (conformaltheory, bononization, refermionization, renormalisation group). We found that the zerotemperature phase diagram of the system is very rich : it contains seven Mott insulatingphases, among which three are particularly interesting, since they display a hiddenorder, related to the Haldane physics of the antiferromagnetic spin-1 Heisenberg chain.Our conclusions are checked against numerical simulations, that were carried out with thedensity matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm for intermediate couplings. Thecomparison shows an adiabatic continuity between the different regimes. A similar studyfor a model of cold atoms with hyperfine spin-3/2 highlights the Haldane physics in thecharge sector of the degrees of freedom, with an effective model given by an antiferromagneticpseudo-spin-1 chain. This analysis provides us an opportunity to investigate thezero temperature properties of the SO(5) bilinear-biquadratic Heisenberg chain. We showthe presence of two gapped phases : one is dimerized, the other has a hidden symmetry(Z2 × Z2)2 and spin-3/2 edge states, and they are separated by a critical point that belongsto the SO(5)1 universality class. Finally, we investigate half-integer hyperfine spincold atoms systems with 2N components which generalized the results obtained for thehyperfine spin-3/2 model. This leads us to find an even/odd effect according to the parityof N, very similar to the even/odd effect of spin chains, discovered by Haldane in 1983