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Academic literature on the topic 'Atomes – Modèles mathématiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Atomes – Modèles mathématiques"
Rives, Sébastien. "Simulation par dynamique moléculaire de la croissance et de la structure d’agrégats de cobalt : synthèse d’agrégats métalliques par ablation laser sous liquide et leur caractérisation." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e3f4500d-a3ad-4b76-9b2f-bb4ca1663d49/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4067.pdf.
Full textOn one hand, the structure of cobalt clusters has been investigated by molecular dynamic simulations of the growth process of isolated clusters in gas phase. Clusters are grown atom by atom from a small seed up to the size of 600 atoms. Simulation results are compared with the experiments in particular the mesh parameter squeezing with the cluster size. Moreover, a simple mathematical model has been proposed to compute the potential energy of the atoms according to the position inside the cluster. Then, aggregation simulations are performed to determine the nucleation rate of cobalt monomers as well as the occurrence of the two different regime of clusters growth: nucleation or coalescence. On the other hand, metallic nanoparticles (silver, cobalt) have been synthesized by laser ablation in liquid (water, ethanol). The surface state of cobalt target has been studied with a scanning electronic microscope for different laser fluences and also for different solvents (water, ethanol) allowing discriminating between the two principal mechanisms of matter removal by laser ablation in liquid (LAL) : the thermal vaporization of atomic species from the surface and the thermally induced explosive ejection of melted droplets. The structure and the size distribution of colloids have been investigated with transmission electronic microscope; the so-prepared particles are partially oxidized into CoO in water and into Co3O4 in ethanol. Furthermore, the absorption of the so-prepared suspension has been measured between 200 and 1100 nm. The so-prepared colloids in ethanol have been coated with silica by the Stöber method enabling the synthesis of silica balls with a diameter of 400 nm and with a cobalt nanoparticles core. Finally, the optical properties of silver nanoparticles suspension in water or ethanol have been investigated by seeking the plasmon resonance peak by absorption spectrometry and also with the examination of the fluorescence spectra emission peaks
Mekkaoui, Mohamed. "Transport des atomes et des molécules dans les plasmas fluctuants de bord des machines de fusion." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4784/document.
Full textEdge plasma of tokamaks manifests high level of fluctuations amplitude (>50%). It has been demonstrated that such a fluctuations affect significantly the transport of neutral particles, and in particular the slow particles as molecules and sputtered impurities. That is their penetration depth in the plasma is enhanced in the average. Then turbulent fluctuations are now implemented in the monte carlo transport code EIRENE used for the design of ITER
Del, Punta Jessica A. "Mathematical methods in atomic physics." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0035/document.
Full textTwo and three-body scattering problems are of crucial relevance in atomic physics as they allow to describe different atomic collision processes. Nowadays, the two-body cases can be solved with any degree of numerical accuracy. Scattering problem involving three charged particles are notoriously difficult but something similar -- though to a lesser extent -- can be stated. The aim of this work is to contribute to the understanding of three-body Coulomb scattering problems from an analytical point of view. This is not only of fundamental interest, it is also useful to better master numerical approaches that are being developed within the collision community. To achieve this aim we propose to approximate scattering solutions with expansions on sets of appropriate functions having closed form. In so doing, we develop a number of related mathematical tools involving Coulomb functions, homogeneous and non-homogeneous second order differential equations, and hypergeometric functions in one and two variables
Nicolaï, Adrien. "Conformational dynamics and free-energy landscape of human and E.coli Hsp70 chaperones from all-atom and coarse-grained numerical simulations." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS060.
Full textThe 70 kDa heat shock proteins [Hsp70s] are key molecular chaperones which assist in the correct folding of nascent proteins and refolding of proteins under stress conditions in the intracellular environment. Hsp70s are present in all organisms and are highly conserved between the different species. [...] The conformational dynamics between the two conformations is governed by the ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis and by nucleotide exchange through an allosteric mechanism which is not fully understood.Knowledge of the conformations of hHsp70 at the atomic level is central to understand the interactions between its NBD and SBD. However, no complete structure of hHsp70 is known. In the present thesis, we report two conformations of hHsp70, constructed by homology modeling from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae co-chaperone protein Hsp110 [openconformation] and from the bacteria Escherichia coli Hsp70 [closed conformation]. The open and closed conformations of hHsp70 built by homology were relaxed by using unbiased all-atom molecular dynamics [MD] simulations at 300 K in explicit solvent on a timescale of 2.7 and 0.5 μs, respectively. The conformational heterogeneity of hHsp70 observed in MD simulations was comparedwith those extracted from single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer [FRET]experiments and to small-angle X-ray scattering [SAXS] data of Hsp70 homologs. [...] In the present thesis, the transitions between the open and closed conformation of Hsp70s were studied by using two different computational methods: the Normal Mode Analysis [NMA] and a new method developed in the present thesis based on the Free-Energy Landscape [FEL] concept.[...] These collective modes provide a mechanistic representation of the communication between the NBD and the SBD and allow us to identify subdomains and residues that appear to have a critical role in the conformational dynamics of Hsp70s in the harmonicapproximation. Second, in order to understand how the nucleotide binding in the NBD of Hsp70 induces a conformational change of the whole protein, we performed unbiased all-atom MD simulations [2 μs] of E. coli Hsp70 [named E. Coli DnaK], in three different nucleotide-binding states [ATPbound,ADP-bound and nucleotide free]. [...] Finally, by combining the NMA and the FEL analysis, we established a list of the local structures and of the residues relevant for the conformational dynamics and for the interdomain communication in hHsp70. Most of these residues could be related to previous experimental evidences of their role in the interdomain communication between the NBD and SBD domains of Hsp70 homologs but other were never identified before. All the relevant residues found in MD could be tested experimentally by mutational analysis and could be crucial locations to dock small peptides and for the design of inhibitors for the cancer therapy
Pedesseau, Laurent. "Modélisation atomique à l'équilibre de phases, périphases et interphases : vers l'application à des cristaux hydratés." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30286.
Full textThe setting and hardening of materials used in civil engineering (plaster, C-S-H) are based on interactions between crystals and ionic solutions. These interactions involve equilibriums between phases, their boundaries (referred to as periphases) and phases confined between periphases (referred to as interphases). Part 1, "Concepts, methods and tools", first introduces the pheno-corpuscular concept proposed for the study of these equilibriums that cannot be addressed in a macroscopic approach via the statistical physics or in a corpuscular approach alone. Among the original methods presented, the SASP method opens up the pheno-corpuscular pathway in physicochemistry; then is presented the OPTASYM method using molecular modelling to propose positions of H atoms unknown in certain crystalline structures; finally is exposed the CAC method based on a simultaneous use of AFM experiment and simulation. The original numerical tools are mainly devoted to joint crystal/solution processing, an area that is still at its beginnings in molecular modelling. Part 2, "Mass equilibrium of phases, periphases and interphases" first addresses the build-up of complete crystal atomic structures (gypsum, ettringite and thaumasite), of molecules and ions structures and of solution structures, the SASP method leading numerically, in this last case, to the fundamental relation between concentrations and chemical potentials. Once these structures have been defined, their interactions are first handled by docking between the crystalline faces and molecules or ions. The crystal/solution/crystal interaction is then presented using SASP, in the case of a saturated solution of gypsum. Whence, for the first time, the structure of an interphase of thickness < 1 nm. Part 3, "Mechanical equilibrium of phases, periphases and interphases", consists, first of all, of a critical study of estimation by molecular modelling of the total stresses of ionic crystals and solutions. The introduction of calculation of partial stresses, which cannot be performed by experiment, is particularly promising for linking macroscopic failure strength and atomic structure. Mechanical equilibrium between phases, periphases and interphases is first examined in normal displacement of various pairs of faces (120), (010) or (-101) until adhesion failure, the solution interphase (CaSO4, CaCl2 or Na2SO4) being in a non-equilibrium ionic situation (to simulate transitory or isolated states), possibly with citric acid. The study is then repeated in an equilibrium ionic situation using the SASP method for the gypsum faces (120) in a saturated solution. Finally, a first illustration of an interphase shearing is given in the case of faces (120), with a non-equilibrated solution of CaSO4 and citric acid. The conclusion underlines the progress made in this work on crystal/solution atomic modelling and its prospects within the overall pheno-corpuscular approach
Blanchet, David. "Développements méthodologiques et qualification de schémas de calcul pour la modélisation des échauffements photoniques dans les dispositifs expérimentaux du futur réacteur d'irradiation technologique Jules Horowitz (RJH)." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689995.
Full textMazaleyrat, Guillaume. "Modélisation multi échelles de la croissance des oxydes à fortes permittivités : simulation Monte-Carlo cinétique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011574.
Full textBooks on the topic "Atomes – Modèles mathématiques"
Thirring, Walter, F. Dyson, and Elliott H. Lieb. The Stability of Matter : From Atoms to Stars: Selecta of Elliott H. Lieb. Springer, 2014.
Find full textLieb, Elliott H. The Stability of Matter: From Atoms to Stars : Selecta of Elliott H. Lieb. 2nd ed. Springer, 1996.
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