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Journal articles on the topic 'Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Stafilov, Trajče, and Irina Karadjova. "Atomic absorption spectrometry in wine analysis." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 28, no. 1 (June 15, 2009): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2009.218.

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This article reviews methods for the determination and identification of trace elements in wine by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Wine is one of the most widely consumed beverages and strict analytical control of trace elements content is required during the whole process of wine production from grape to the final product. Levels of trace elements in wine are important from both points of view: organoleptic – Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations are directly related to the destabilization and oxidative evolution of wines, and toxicological – toxic elements content should be under the allowable limit, wine identification. The identification of metals in wine is subject of increasing interest since complexation may reduce their toxicity and bioavailability. AAS is one of widely used methods for routine analytical control of wine quality recommended by the International Organization of Vine and Wine. Two main approaches – preliminary sample digestion and direct instrumental measurement combined with AAS for trace element determination in wines are reviewed and discussed. Procedures for various sample pretreatments, for trace element separation and preconcentration are presented. Advances in metal identification studies in wines based on AAS are presented.

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2

Bulska, Ewa. "Analytical advantages of using electrochemistry for atomic spectrometry." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173010001.

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Atomic spectrometry and electrochemistry are usually recognized as independent analytical tools used for different purposes. Here, a brief review is given of the advantages of using electrochemistry in the various fields of atomic spectrometry techniques. In the first part, the application of electrochemical preconcentration before the atomic spectrometry will be addressed and exemplified. Electrochemical preconcentration could be used with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) or graphite furnace AAS as well as with atomic emission plasma sources. The second area of the applications of electrochemistry will be directly focused on the graphite furnace AAS where the electrodeposition onto the graphite surface of the atomizer could be used for both in situ analyte preconcentration or modification of the surface by noble metals.

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3

Santos, Jefferson Luiz Antunes, Jader Galba Busato, Rodrigo de Almeida Heringer, Juscimar da Silva, and Leonardo Barros Dobbss. "Arsenic quantification techniques and ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 6, no. 14 (2019): 803–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21438/rbgas.061413.

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The importance of arsenic (As) quantification in environmental compartments is due to its risks to ecosystems and public health. There are reports of high concentrations of this metalloid in Brazil and technological differences between states are observed. The objective of this work was to present and discuss current scenarios of accreditation and compare the limit of quantification (LOQ) of As by analytical technique in Brazil. Data from accredited laboratories were collected on Inmetro website and in state metrological networks and then grouped and analyzed by state, matrix and analytical technique. There are large discrepancies between the number of laboratories per state and a good correlation with gross domestic product (GDP). Almost all laboratories have a LOQ less than the environmental limits. The observed list of techniques sorted from lowest to highest LOQ values is: for liquid samples ICP MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), ET AAS (electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry), HG AAS (hydride generation combined with atomic absorption spectrometry) or HG ICP OES (hydride generation combined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) and UV VIS (visible ultraviolet spectroscopy); for solids samples HG ICP OES, ICP MS, HG AAS, ET AAS and FAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometry); and for bioindicators ICP MS, HG ICP OES. Analysis of As species is accredited in only one laboratory, but does not include all species.

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4

Zheng, Lianji, Qi Zhang, Zhi Li, Rui Sun, and Geng Zhong. "Exposure risk assessment of nine metal elements in Chongqing hotpot seasoning." RSC Advances 10, no. 4 (2020): 1971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10028h.

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Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) were used to analyze the contents of nine metal elements (Pb, As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) in 100 groups of Chongqing hotpot seasoning (CHS).

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5

Duan, Yixiang, Mingyi Hou, Zhaohui Du, and Qinhan Jin. "Evaluation of the Performance of Microwave-Induced Plasma Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (MIP-AAS)." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 11 (November 1993): 1871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934066037.

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An innovative method of MIP-AAS has been developed. The sample solution was introduced by using an ultrasonic nebulizer. The desolvation was accomplished by a heating tube and a combination of a water-cooled condenser and a concentrated sulfuric acid desiccator. Both an L-shaped and a T-shaped plasma discharge tube were used as the absorption cell in the experiment. The experimental parameters were carefully examined and optimized for the elements studied. Some comparison of properties for these two different absorption tubes was made, and the analytical performance of MIP-AAS was evaluated. The characteristic concentrations obtained in this work were shown to be around ppb under the optimized experimental conditions for 12 elements. Good repeatability and accuracy were achieved. The analytical figures of merit were found to be much better than those obtained by ICP-AAS and previous MIP-AAS experiments and comparable to or even better than the best reported values of flame AAS.

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6

Anthemidis, Aristidis N., Emmanouil I. Daftsis, and Natasa P. Kalogiouri. "A sequential injection lab-at-valve (SI-LAV) platform for hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS): on-line determination of inorganic arsenic." Anal. Methods 6, no. 8 (2014): 2745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ay42159g.

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7

Leao, Danilo J., Mario M. Silva Junior, Jucelino B. Silva Junior, Daiane A. F. de Oliveira, Antonio F. S. Queiroz, and Sergio L. C. Ferreira. "Ultrasound assisted extraction for the determination of mercury in sediment samples employing cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry." Analytical Methods 8, no. 35 (2016): 6554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay01810f.

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8

Kriegerová, Katarína, Simona Procházková, Jozef Tuček, Vanda Rísová, and Radoslav Halko. "Determination of lead in human placenta tissue employing slurry sampling and detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry." Analytical Methods 12, no. 34 (2020): 4235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay00848f.

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A new analytical procedure was developed for the determination of lead in human placental tissue by direct ultrasonic slurry sampling combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-ET AAS).

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9

LASRADO, J. A., C. R. SANTERRE, S. M. SHIM, and J. R. STAHL. "Analysis of Mercury in Sportfish Tissue by Thermal Decomposition, Amalgamation/Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.4.879.

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Sportfish samples (n = 133) that originated from Indiana waters were analyzed for total mercury using inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) and thermal decomposition, amalgamation/atomic absorption spectrophotometry (TDA/AAS). Total mercury concentrations obtained by the two methods were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The correlation coefficient for total mercury obtained for the two methods was 0.94. The limit of detection using TDA/AAS was 0.1 ppm. TDA/AAS is a preferred technique for the analysis of total mercury in fish tissue because it is rapid (6 min per sample) and easy to use and requires little sample preparation.

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10

Hepp, Nancy M. "Arsenic Determination in Certifiable Color Additives by Dry Ashing Followed by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 2 (March 1, 1999): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.2.327.

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Abstract The preparations of digested samples of certifiable color additives by dry ashing and wet digestion for arsenic analysis by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) were compared. The dry ashing technique was based on the preparation used in ASTM D4606-86 for determination of As and Se in coal. The acid digestion method used nitric and sulfuric acids heated by microwaves in sealed vessels. The digested color additives were analyzed for As by using hydride generated from sodium borohydride mixed with the acidified solution on a flow injection system leading to an atomic absorption spectrometer. Dry ashing was preferable to wet digestion because wet digestion yielded poor recoveries of added As. Dry ashing followed by hydride generation AAS gave determination limits of 0.5 ppm As in the color additives. At a specification level of 3 ppm As, the precision of the method using dry ashing was ± 0.4 ppm (95% confidence interval).

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11

Abad, Carlos, Stefan Florek, Helmut Becker-Ross, Mao-Dong Huang, Ana Guilherme Buzanich, Martin Radtke, Andreas Lippitz, et al. "Zirconium permanent modifiers for graphite furnaces used in absorption spectrometry: understanding their structure and mechanism of action." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 33, no. 12 (2018): 2034–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ja00190a.

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The mechanism of action of zirconium permanent modifiers on graphite surfaces was investigated in order to understand its influence on the analytical signal in atomic and molecular absorption spectrometry (AAS/MAS).

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12

Kozaki, Daisuke, Masanobu Mori, Shinichi Hamasaki, Tomotaka Doi, Souma Tanihata, Atushi Yamamoto, Takeshi Takahashi, Koutarou Sakamoto, and Shigeto Funado. "Simple mercury determination using an enclosed quartz cell with cold vapour-atomic absorption spectrometry." Analytical Methods 13, no. 9 (2021): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay02232b.

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A simple method for determining total inorganic mercury (Hg) in solution using an enclosed quartz cell applying cold vapour-atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) can reduce sample volume, reductant, and cost compared with those of official methods.

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13

Ketrin, Rosi. "EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN CHEMICAL MODIFIER PADA ANALISIS LOGAM DAN SEMI LOGAM DENGAN GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY." Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia 17, no. 2 (December 10, 2015): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jkti.v17i2.32.

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Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS) is not a new method in chemical analysis, especially for metals and metalloids, unfortunately there are a lot of laboratories in Indonesia that still not used it correctly, whereas if used it correctly, the method will be an excellent and can be a reference method. This review focus on the kinds of interferences in the GF-AAS such as spectral, physic and chemical interferences and alsoon the use of a lot of kinds of chemical modifier that very important part in analysis by GF-AAS, however it is often unused because of the difficulty. It is noted that highest absorption level from each analyte is different even though used the same modifier and ashing temperature, therefore the selection of chemical modifier is important to find the appropriate modifier for each analyte and their matrixes.Keyword: GF-AAS, spectral interferences, physic interferences, chemical interferences, chemical modifier

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14

Brima, Eid I., Richard O. Jenkins, and Parvez I. Haris. "Understanding arsenic metabolism through spectroscopic determination of arsenic in human urine." Spectroscopy 20, no. 3 (2006): 125–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/759046.

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In this review we discuss a range of spectroscopic techniques that are currently used for analysis of arsenic in human urine for understanding arsenic metabolism and toxicity, especially in relation to genetics/ethnicity, ingestion studies and exposure to arsenic through drinking water and diet. Spectroscopic techniques used for analysis of arsenic in human urine include inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS), hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Advantages and disadvantages of each of these techniques are highlighted in relation to analysis of total arsenic and speciation of arsenic compounds in human urine which would be of particular benefit to those new to the field of arsenic speciation of urine samples. The review summarises our current understanding of arsenic metabolism through the analysis of urine samples and provides a list of arsenic species that have been identified in urine samples. This is done by focusing on recent published reports on arsenic metabolism and toxicity in relation to most investigated issues, i.e. genetics/ethnicity, ingestion and exposure.

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15

Cruz, Graziela F. B., and Ricardo J. Cassella. "An ionic liquid-based microextraction method for the determination of Cu and Ni in high-salinity produced water from offshore petroleum exploration by GF AAS." Analytical Methods 7, no. 16 (2015): 6848–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay01298h.

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This work reports the development of a novel method for the ionic-liquid microextraction and determination of Cu and Ni in high-salinity produced water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF AAS).

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16

Kitong, Melin T., Jemmy Abidjulu, and Harry S. Koleangan. "Analisis Merkuri (Hg) dan Arsen (As) di Sedimen Sungai Ranoyapo Kecamatan Amurang Sulawesi Utara." Jurnal MIPA 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2012): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jm.1.1.2012.425.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur konsentrasi merkuri dan arsen di sedimen Sungai Ranoyapo. Pengukuran konsentrasi total merkuri menggunakan Cold Vapor-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CV-AAS) sedangkan pengukuran konsentrasi total arsen menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan konsentrasi total merkuri di sedimen sungai yang diambil dari Desa Lompad, Desa Picuan, Desa karimbow I, Desa Karimbow II dan muara Sungai Ranoyapo berturut-turut yaitu 0,05 ppm, 0,05 ppm, 1,3 ppm, 0,18 ppm dan 0,05 ppm. Konsentrasi total arsen di sedimen sungai yang diambil dari Desa Lompad, Desa Picuan, Desa Karimbow I, Desa Karimbow II dan muara Sungai Ranoyapo berturut-turut yaitu 3 ppm, 2 ppm, 100 ppm, 2 ppm dan 1 ppm. Konsentrasi total merkuri dan arsen tertinggi adalah di Desa Karimbow I yang merupakan daerah pertambangan emas rakyat.

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17

Pavlovic, I., M. Sikiric, J. L Havranek, N. Plavljanic, and N. Brajenovic. "Lead and cadmium levels in raw cow’s milk from an industrialised Croatian region determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 4 (December 12, 2011): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4295-cjas.

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A simple and accurate method for lead and cadmium determination in raw cow’s milk by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) is described. Milk from fifteen farms near Križ in Zagreb region was sampled from the collective sample directly into plastic bottles (to avoid contamination) four times during the March of 2000. The milk samples were digested in an MLS-1200 Mega Microwave digestion system with MDR Technology. Lead and cadmium were determined directly by ET-AAS in the solutions of digested samples. Statistical analyses were performed using statistical software SAS v. 8.0. Both the farm and the date as well as their interaction (P < 0.0001) had a statistically significant influence on Pb and Cd levels in cow’s milk. Pb (0.27 ± 0.06 mg/kg DM) and Cd (0.037 ± 0.007 mg/g DM) contents were not correlated (R = 0.11) and were lower in all examined samples than the tolerance limit defined by Croatian regulations (Pb < 100 g/l and Cd < 10 g/l). Chemical and statistical analyses showed that differences between the farms were not due to feed. This implies that in order to avoid milk contamination by toxic trace elements great care of stable microclimate and all apparatuses and dishes in contact with milk should be taken.  

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18

Castilho, Ivan N. B., Daiane P. C. de Quadros, Renata Mior, Bernhard Welz, Eduardo Carasek, and Daniel L. G. Borges. "Determination of aluminum in moisturizing body lotions using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry." Analytical Methods 7, no. 22 (2015): 9636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02123e.

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19

Sabouri, A., and S. Nouroozi. "Direct determination of total mercury in urine samples using flow injection catalytic cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-CCV-AAS)." RSC Advances 6, no. 83 (2016): 80354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra16974k.

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20

Cerveira, Camila, Dirce Pozebon, Diogo Pompéu de Moraes, and Jéssica Camila Silva de Fraga. "Speciation of inorganic arsenic in rice using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS)." Analytical Methods 7, no. 11 (2015): 4528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00563a.

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21

Brandão, José, Mambo Moyo, and Jonathan Okonkwo. "Determination of antimony in bottled water and polyethylene terephthalate bottles: a routine laboratory quality check." Water Supply 14, no. 2 (September 12, 2013): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.187.

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The paper describes a modified and optimised conventional wet ashing method for the determination of antimony (Sb) in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles used for bottling sparkling and still water. The modified optimum conventional wet ashing method was applied as the digestion method to extract Sb from PET bottles, and the extracted Sb analysed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS), and in bottled water, Sb was analysed with hydride vapour generator atomic absorption spectrometry (HVG-AAS). Microwave digestion method was also used as described above for comparison. The concentrations of Sb obtained using modified optimum conventional wet ashing and microwave digestion protocols were from 169 ± 13 to 285 ± 17 μg g−1 and from 123 ± 0.5 to 249 ± 18 μg g−1, respectively. The average concentration of Sb in bottled water samples using the HVG-AAS was 0.183 ± 0.013 μg L−1, with a range of 0.012 ± 0.001 to 0.358 ± 0.006 μg L−1. Sb concentration increased marginally with longevity of storage, but still remained well below the various guidelines for Sb levels in drinking water.

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22

Sabreen, S., S. Saiga, and MH Rahman. "Screening Forage Grasses with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microanalysis." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 19, no. 2 (March 2, 2022): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v19i2.57685.

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Breeding cool-season (C3) grasses with higher magnesium (Mg) content is a promising attempt for reducing grass tetany hazard in ruminants. Faster methods for plant mineral analyses could increase the number of individual plants screened for higher Mg content (High-Mg). This study evaluates the effectiveness of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) as well as energy reflectance X-ray spectrometry (XRF) for screening high-Mg grass genotypes. The approach was verified by using two tall fescue cultivars having known differences in magnesium (Mg) content, viz. HiMag (high-Mg cultivar) and Ky-31 (control cultivar). We assumed that cultivars with known variation in Mg concentrations could provide a test for the applicability of the new methodology in finding naturally occurring high and low Mg containing grass genotypes. Plants samples included a population of 8 plants consisting of four harvests for three years and were analyzed for Mg, calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) by EDX and ERF, and data were verified with atomic absorption spectrometry wet (AAS). While observing the frequency distribution for different nutrient concentrations, HiMag tall fescue showed higher Mg and lower K concentrations than that of Ky-31. There was positive linear relationship between AAS and EDX estimated Mg, Ca and K (r = 0.88, 0.62 and 0.89, respectively), indicating close agreement between AAS and EDX estimation. Also, there was a positive linear relationship between AAS and XRF, as the r values were 0.87, 0.65 and 0.88 for Mg, Ca, and K, respectively. The tetany ration was established for EDX and XRF and the results were dependable with wet chemistry. SAARC J. Agric., 19(2): 245-256 (2021)

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23

El RIES, M. A. "Indirect Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) Determination of Atenolol." Analytical Letters 28, no. 9 (July 1995): 1629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719508002770.

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24

Peter, Onuwa O., Ishaq S. Eneji, and Rufus Sha’Ato. "Analysis of Heavy Metals in Human Hair Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)." American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 03, no. 11 (2012): 770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2012.311102.

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Szpunar, J., and R. Lobinski. "Species-selective Analysis for Metal - Biomacromolecular Complexes using Hyphenated Techniques." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 5 (May 30, 1999): 899–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971050899.

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Analytical chemistry of metal complexes with biomacromolecules based on the coupling of a high resolution separation technique with an element or species selective detection technique is critically discussed. The role of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with on-line atomic spectrometric detection is evaluated for the characterization of the metal distribution among the fractions of different molecular weight. Attention is given to the conditions for the separation of metallated biomacromolecular isoforms and sub-isoforms by anion-exchange and reversed-phase HPLC. Techniques for interfacing chromatography with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP AES) and ICP mass spectrometry (ICP MS) are assessed. The potential of electrospray (tandem) mass spectrometry for the on-line determination of the molecular mass of the eluting protein is highlighted. Perspectives for capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), microbore and capillary HPLC with ICP MS and electrospray MS detection for probing metalloproteins are discussed. Applications of hyphenated techniques to the analysis of real-world samples are reviewed.

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26

Allami, Hoda, Afsaneh Afzali, and Rouhollah Mirzaei. "Determination and investigation of heavy metal concentrations in sediments of the Persian Gulf coasts and evaluation of their potential environmental risk." Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal 3, no. 04 (December 30, 2020): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v3.i04.122.

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The contamination of coastal sediments with toxic heavy metals caused to a serious concern due to their environmental consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel(Ni) and manganese (Mn) in the sediments of the Persian Gulf coast in Kangan and Siraf ports in Bushehr province. In this regard, the sampling was performed in 10 stations with different uses in two depths of 0-5 and 5-20 cm along the coast of the Persian Gulf. The concentration of heavy metals was measured after drying, acid digestion and microwave by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). The results showed that the average concentrations of Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) was measured 121.47, 11.51, 11.59 and 5.30 in surface sediments, and 131.59, 10.81, 12.56 and 4.88 µg g-1 in deep sediments. All analysis validated by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS).

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Silva, Laiana O. B., Lindomar A. Portugal, Edwin Palacio, Laura Ferrer, Víctor Cerdà, and Sergio L. C. Ferreira. "Multi-commuted flow system for cadmium determination in natural water by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry." J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 29, no. 12 (2014): 2398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00305e.

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D'Haese, P. C., L. V. Lamberts, and M. E. De Broe. "Indirect measurement of desferrioxamine and its chelated compounds aluminoxamine and ferrioxamine by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.5.884.

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Abstract This indirect method for determination of desferrioxamine (DFO, deferoxamine, Desferal) and its chelated compounds ferrioxamine (FO) and aluminoxamine (AIO) in biological fluids involves metal chelate formation and solvent extraction, the metal being determined by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry (Zeeman-AAS). Special attention was paid to the pH and recovery of extraction, iron-aluminum interactions, extraction times and volumes, centrifugation rates, and instrument settings. Precautions were taken to avoid contamination with aluminum and iron and to prevent co-extraction of iron and aluminum not chelated to DFO. The addition calibration technique was used for standardization. Mean +/- SD recoveries of AIO and FO after extraction were respectively 98.3% +/- 3.7% and 101% +/- 3.7%. Sensitivity was 45 pg/0.0044 A.s for aluminum and 10 pg/0.0044 A.s for iron. Detection limits were 0.22 mumol/L for AIO, 0.06 mumol/L for DFO and FO.

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Rehman, Ejaz UR, Shakeel UR Rehman, and Shafaat Ahmed. "6Li Atom Percentage Determination by Atomic Absorption–Emission Spectrometry Using a Natural Lithium Hollow Cathode Lamp." Applied Spectroscopy 63, no. 8 (August 2009): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370209788964566.

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A simple method has been developed for the determination of 6Li atom % using combined atomic emission–absorption spectrometry employing a commonly available natural lithium hollow cathode lamp. Unlike in previous practice, there is no need for specially fabricated and high cost 6Li and 7Li monoisotopic lamps in this method. The method requires adjustment of total lithium contents of the sample, i.e., 6Li + 7Li, to 2 μg-mL−1 based upon atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) ( Caes) against a 2 μg-mL−1 natural lithium standard. The concentration of the sample was then analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) measurements ( Caas). The difference between the concentration measured by AES and AAS, i.e., Caes — Caas, was calculated. The magnitude of the difference was found to be a function of 6Li fraction in the sample. A calibration curve was constructed by plotting 6Li atom % versus [( Caes — Caas)/ Caes] X 100. 6Li atom % of an unknown sample can be evaluated by putting its [( Caes — Caas)/ Caes] X 100 value in the calibration curve. The method is fast, convenient, and precise.

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Tsuda, Taizo, Minoru Wada, Shigeru Aoki, and Yoshihiro Matsui. "Determination of Inorganic Tin in Biological Samples by Hydride Generation-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Silica Gel Cleanup." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 2 (March 1, 1988): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.2.373.

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Abstract A method is described for the determination of inorganic tin in biological samples by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). A sample is extracted with ethyl acetate after addition of HC1 and NaCl. The concentrated extract is passed through a silica gel column. The column is washed with ethanol, water, and 0.2N HC1 successively, and then inorganic tin is eluted with 2N HC1 and measured by HG-AAS. Recoveries from fish muscle spiked with 0.1 ng/g Sn4+ are 78.9 ± 4.2% (average ± standard deviation, n = 5). The detection limit is 0.01 jug/g as Sn.

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Bogans, Egils, Zanda Gavare, Anda Svagere, Rita Poikane, and Jānis Skudra. "Mercury Pollution Exploration in Latvia with High-Sensitivity Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrometry." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 7, no. -1 (January 1, 2011): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-011-0026-y.

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Mercury Pollution Exploration in Latvia with High-Sensitivity Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrometry This research presents Hg pollution measurements performed in Latvia with sensitive method using Zeeman AAS analyzer RA-915+ and necessary attachments. Air in Riga city and water samples from a number of rivers and lakes of Latvia were analyzed for presence of low-level Hg concentrations. Ombrotrophic bog peat was analyzed to get insight into long-term trends. Environment in the sites sampled is relatively clean according to the results obtained, but there are local spots of pollution.

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32

Ninomiya, T., S. Nomura, K. Taniguchi, and S. Ikeda. "Quantitative Analysis of Arsenic Element in a Trace of Water Using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry." Advances in X-ray Analysis 32 (1988): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800020474.

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Various kinds of compounds containing arsenic have been used in the world as rat poisons, agricultural chemicals and so on. In the field of semiconductor materials, AsH3 is used as a doping gas on silieon-wafer substrates and GaAs is now also investigated as a wafer substrate instead of Si wafer.As for quantitative analysis of arsenic, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) have often been used. In these methods, usually, oomplioated pretreatments such as preconcentration and separation have been needed in order to obtain reproducible values for arsenic.

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Zhong, Liang Yan, and Ni Zhe-ming. "General computer program (AAS-TOOLS) for theoretical studies in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 9, no. 6 (1994): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ja9940900669.

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34

Havezov, I. "Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) ? a versatile and selective detector for trace element speciation." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 355, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1996): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663550452.

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35

Welz, B. "Symbols and units for integrated absorbance in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS)." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 47, no. 8 (July 1992): 1043–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8547(92)80097-z.

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36

Welz, Bernard. "High-resolution continuum source AAS: the better way to perform atomic absorption spectrometry." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 381, no. 1 (December 9, 2004): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2891-8.

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Forsyth, Donald S., Dorcas Weber, and Karen Dalglish. "Survey of Butyltin, Cyclohexyltin, and Phenyltin Compounds in Canadian Wines." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 75, no. 6 (November 1, 1992): 964–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/75.6.964.

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Abstract Butyltin, cyclohexyltin, and phenyltin compounds were extracted with 0.05% tropolone in pentane from enzymatically hydrolyzed wine samples. Methyl derivatives made by Grignard reaction were quantitated by gas chromatography (GC)/atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Wine samples contained <0.1-138 ng dibutyltin/mL. Lower levels of monobutyl- and tributyltin were also detected by GC/AAS. Polyvinyl chloride) (PVC) liner material used in some commercial transport tanks contained extractable butyltins. Imported wines sampled from these containers and Canadian wines blended with wine imported in PVC-lined tanks had considerably higher butyltin levels than did wines shipped in stainless steel. Analysis by GC/mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of butyltins in wine and PVC liner samples and, in addition, detected monophenyl- and monocyclohexyltin compounds at levels below the GC/AAS method detection limits of 0.04-0.05 ng Sn/mL

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38

Aloysius, Mudji Triatmo Melkias, and Gunawan Gunawan. "Optimasi Metoda CV-AAS untuk Analisis Raksa(II)." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 5, no. 2 (August 1, 2002): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.5.2.15-18.

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Telah dilakukan optimasi metoda spektrometri serapan atom-uap dingin atau cold vapour-atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) untuk analisis raksa(II). Gas atom raksa(0) yang dihasilkan dari reduksi 50 mL raksa(II) 50 ppb dengan SnCl2 5% dalam lingkungan asam klorida, ditentukan respon analitiknya dengan kuat arus lampu katoda cekung 4 mA dan pada panjang gelombang 254,1 nm. Kondisi optimum yang diperoleh adalah volume SnCl2 5% sebanyak 1,5 mL; waktu pengadukan 2 menit; lingkungan asam 5 mL HCl 15% dan kecepatan pompa penghisap 0,3 L/menit.

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39

Hepp, Nancy M. "Spectrometric Determination of Chromium in FD&C Blue No. 1 by X-Ray Fluorescence." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 1189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.5.1189.

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Abstract An X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) method was developed and validated for determination of chromium in FD&C Blue No. 1. Results of this analysis were compared with those obtained with an atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method currently used by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Levels of Cr, as determined by the XRF and AAS methods, were comparable. The limit of quantitation for the XRF method is 4 μg Cr/g. The predicted 95% confidence interval at the specification level is 50 ± 5 μg/g.

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Pilić, Zora, Ivan Dragičević, and Ivana Martinović. "The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution." Open Chemistry 17, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 1087–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0126.

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AbstractThe effect of Satureja montana L. extract (SM) and phenolic fraction of Satureja montana L. (PF) on the corrosion behaviour of iron in 0.1 mol L-1 sodium chloride solution was studied by electrochemical techniques, UV/Vis spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of all techniques showed that SM and PF contributed to iron corrosion inhibition. The calculated inhibition efficiency values were about 45% for SM and 55% for PF. Results indicate that the inhibitive action occurs via a precipitation of the Fe-complex onto the iron surface which resulting in a decrease of the passive current density. The atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method was applied to the quantitative determination of iron in solution. The obtained results demonstrated good agreement with results obtained by electrochemical techniques.

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41

Johnson, Nelson A. "Determination of Maduramicin by Liquid Chromatography with Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 2 (March 1, 1989): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.2.235.

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Abstract A liquid chromatograph was interfaced to an atomic absorption spectrometer for the detection and quantitation of maduramicin in feed matrixes at the 1-8 ppm level. Ionophores in general form strong 1:1 products with various metal cations, yielding complexes that are insoluble in water but very soluble in organic solvents. Maduramicin, a carboxylic, polyalcohol, polyether antibiotic, is labeled with the sodium cation and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The lower limit of detection is approximately 100-200 ng maduramicin sodium salt. Feeds containing 1-8 ppm maduramicin are extracted with acetone, the extract is passed through an alumina column, the column is eluted with acetonitrile-water (90 + 10), and the eluate is analyzed for maduramicin by liquid chromatography- AAS after concentration and conversion of maduramicin to the sodium salt. Recoveries of maduramicin averaged 89.5%. Liquid chromatography with AAS detection has been shown to be a sensitive and highly specific technique for the determination of ionophores in general and maduramicin in particular.

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42

He, Chunlin, Guanglei Cheng, Chengbin Zheng, Li Wu, Yong-Ill Lee, and Xiandeng Hou. "Photochemical vapor generation and in situ preconcentration for determination of mercury by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry." Analytical Methods 7, no. 7 (2015): 3015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00095e.

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43

Schneider, Mauana, Daiane P. C. de Quadros, Bernhard Welz, Eduardo Carasek, Duardo de Oliveira Bastos, and Leonardo Rubi Rorig. "A novel extraction-based procedure for the determination of cadmium in marine macro-algae using HR-CS GF AAS." Analytical Methods 9, no. 36 (2017): 5400–5406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay01283g.

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44

Jorhem, Lars, G. Afthan, G. Cumont, H. P. Dypdahl, K. Gadd, G. N. Havre, K. Julshamn, et al. "Determination of Metals in Foods by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Dry Ashing: NMKL1 Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.5.1204.

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Abstract A method for determination of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, and iron in foods by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) after dry ashing at 450°C was collaboratively studied in 16 laboratories. The study was preceded by a practice round of familiarization samples and another round in which solutions were distributed and the metals were determined directly by AAS. The study included 5 different foods (liver paste, apple sauce, minced fish, wheat bran, and milk powder) and 2 simulated diets. A single analysis was carried out with each sample. Suitable sample combinations were used as split-level combinations for determination of the repeatability standard deviation. The reproducibility relative standard deviation for each of the elements ranged from 20 to 50% for lead concentrations of 0.040–0.25 mg/kg, from 12 to 352% for cadmium concentrations of 0.001–0.51 mg/kg, from 4 to 8% for zinc concentrations of 0.7–38 mg/kg, from 7 to 45% for copper concentrations of 0.51–45 mg /kg, and from 11 to 14% for iron concentrations of 4–216 mg/kg.

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Jayalatha, T., Deepthi L. Sivadas, Roopa Dimple, Salu Jacob, R. Rajeev, and V. Lakshmana Rao. "Analysis of Trace Additives in Copper Alloys for Space Applications: A Comparison between Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.588.

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Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti alloy is a special type of copper alloy being used as thrust chamber material in cryogenic engine, owing to its good thermal conductivity and mechanical properties at high temperature. Presence of alloying elements like chromium, zirconium and titanium in lower percentage has considerable effect on the thermal and mechanical properties of the thrust chamber material. Hence the accurate estimation of alloying elements as well as trace impurities is an important part of the quality control process in the manufacture of these materials. In analytical methods like XRF, F-AAS etc. which are used for chemical analysis of alloys, the intensity of analytical signal is highly dependent on matrix composition and hence precise matching of sample and standard matrices is required for drawing accurate results. ICP-AES is well-established analytical technique offers better detection limit, wide linear dynamic range, high precision, good accuracy, and practically negligible chemical interferences for the estimation of alloying elements. An accurate and precise technique for quantitative estimation of the elements viz. chromium, zirconium, titanium, iron, manganese, nickel, lead etc. in Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti alloy has been successfully developed using ICP-AES and GF-AAS. Merits and demerits of the two analytical techniques are also compared with respect to the result obtained.

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46

Miksa, Irina Rudik, Carol L. Buckley, Nancy P. Carpenter, and Robert H. Poppenga. "Comparison of Selenium Determination in Liver Samples by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 17, no. 4 (July 2005): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700405.

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Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is often deficient in the natural diets of domestic animal species. The measurement of Se in whole blood or liver is the most accurate way to assess Se status for diagnostic purposes. This study was conducted to compare hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG-AAS) with inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the detection and quantification of Se in liver samples. Sample digestion was accomplished with magnesium nitrate and nitric acid for HG-AAS and ICP-MS, respectively. The ICP-MS detection was optimized for 82Se with yttrium used as the internal standard and resulted in a method detection limit of 0.12 μg/g. Selenium was quantified by both methods in 310 samples from a variety of species that were submitted to the Toxicology Laboratory at New Bolton Center (Kennett Square, PA) for routine diagnostic testing. Paired measurements for each sample were evaluated by a mean difference plot method. Limits of agreement were used to describe the maximum differences likely to occur between the 2 methods. Results suggest that under the specified conditions ICP-MS can be reliably used in place of AAS for quantitation of tissue Se at or below 2 μg/g to differentiate between adequate and deficient liver Se concentrations.

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47

Henn, Alessandra Schneider, Angelica Chaiani Frohlich, Matheus Felipe Pedrotti, Vitoria Hagemann Cauduro, Marcos Leandro Silva Oliveira, Erico Marlon de Moraes Flores, and Cezar Augusto Bizzi. "Microwave-Assisted Solid Sampling Analysis Coupled to Flame Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Cd and Pb Determination in Food-Contact Polymers." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010291.

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Microwave-assisted solid sampling analysis coupled to flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (MW-SS-FF-AAS) was used for Cd and Pb determination in food-contact polymer samples, with the aim of minimizing reagents and laboratory waste. Operational parameters, such as the FF tube design, the oxygen flow rate, the flame stoichiometry, the sample mass, among others, were evaluated and optimized. Calibration was performed using only reference solutions, and the limits of quantification were 1.7 and 4.6 μg g−1 for Cd and Pb, respectively. Accuracy was assessed by the analysis of certified reference materials (CRMs), and by comparison with the results obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave-assisted wet digestion. The MW-SS-FF-AAS results for the CRMs showed no statistical difference with the certified values, and good agreement was observed with the results of the digestion method. The MW-SS-FF-AAS method was considered suitable for Cd and Pb determination in food-contact polymers. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the analyzed samples varied from <1.7 to 628 μg g−1, and from <4.6 to 614 μg g−1, respectively. As sample digestion is not necessary, the use of concentrated acids can be avoided by using the proposed MW-SS-FF-AAS method, greatly reducing waste generation.

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48

Spearman, Sandra, Casey Bartrem, Ainash Sharshenova, Kasiet Salymbekova, Makhmud Isirailov, Saparbai Gaynazarov, Roman Gilmanov, Ian von Lindern, Margrit von Braun, and Gregory Möller. "Comparison of X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) Results for an Environmental Assessment at a Mercury Site in Kyrgyzstan." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 12, 2022): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12041943.

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Khaidarkan, Batken Province, Kyrgyzstan is home to one of the world’s largest and last primary mercury mines. Doctors without Borders (MSF) and the Ministry of Health (MOH) of Kyrgyzstan have found that the Batken region has an elevated rate of non-communicable diseases (NCD) within the country. NCD can be caused by environmental pollution. A human health risk assessment was conducted to investigate heavy metal exposure. Using a hand-held X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer for soil screening is faster and less expensive than reliance on bench-scale methods. To establish a site-specific mercury conversion factor between XRF and the local MOH lab’s Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) with a Pyrolyzer attachment, soil samples were collected in Khaidarkan and surrounding villages. Samples were analyzed by XRF in three stages: in situ, ex situ-bulk, and ex situ-sieved. The ex situ-sieved samples were analyzed by AAS. Analysis results indicate that in situ readings can be used as a qualitative tool for screening, and a conversion factor of 1.7 was most appropriate for converting ex situ-bulk/ex situ-sieved and AAS results. This analysis enables the MOH laboratory and others to use XRF as a quick and cost-effective monitoring tool for Hg contamination in soil.

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49

Diez, S., P. Montuori, X. Querol, and J. M. Bayona. "Total Mercury in the Hair of Children by Combustion Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (Comb-AAS)." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 31, no. 3 (April 1, 2007): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/31.3.144.

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Yong, Cheng. "Microwave Digestion - Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination of Trace Arsenic in the Nano-Titanium Dioxide." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1113.

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The analysis method that the microwave digestion - graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) determination of trace impurity element arsenic in the nanotitanium dioxide has been built. It uses a mixture digestion reagent which is composed of a certain concentration and the proportion of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid in the experiments, and then combined with high pressure microwave heating technology so as to quickly and completely digest the nanotitanium dioxide sample into solution. The composition and ratio and amount of the mixed digestion reagent, and the best microwave heating control program are all optimized in this paper, which not only solved the problem of the digestion of titanium dioxide and the loss of the analyte arsenic that is likely to be volatile in the high temperature digestion process, but also ensure that high content of titanium matrix in the low acidity solution is still existing in a stable complex ion form to avoid hydrolysis by complexation of the fluoride ion. Therefore, it can greatly reduce the detection affection of acidity and avoid the erosion of GF-AAS graphite tube. In order to eliminate the influence of the thermal stable titanium dioxide matrix on the determination of volatile trace element arsenic, the type of graphite tube, graphite furnace atomization procedures and atomic absorption spectrometer detection parameters all have been optimized through the matrix effect testing. The detection limit is 0.000 001% and the recovery rate is in the range of 93.0% to 106.0%. Otherwise, RSD is less than 9.36%, which is consistent with ICP-MS detection method.

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