Relevant bibliographies by topics / Atomic bomb – United States – History

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Atomic bomb – United States – History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Atomic bomb – United States – History"

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De La Bruheze, Adri. "Radiological weapons and radioactive waste in the United States: insiders' and outsiders' views, 1941–55." British Journal for the History of Science 25, no. 2 (June 1992): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400028776.

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The Manhattan Project to develop an atomic bomb, the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the post-war nuclear arms race with fission and fusion bombs have been the subject of many discussions and historical studies. In fact, these subjects, and the way in which they were generally dealt with, have led to retrospective distortion with respect to the spectrum of ‘atomic’ weapons discussed and explored during the wartime Manhattan Project and immediately after the Second World War. Specifically, it has made observers of the cold war's early nuclear arms race overlook the fact that the military use of radioactive reactor fission products in so-called radiological warfare weapons, was a very real possibility at the time, both for the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the military, as well as for relative outsiders and the general public. Thus, for many observers it came as something of a surprise when the United States in 1976 introduced radiological weapons as an issue of UN arms control negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union.
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Grunow, Tristan. "A Reexamination of the “Shock of Hiroshima”: The Japanese Bomb Projects and the Surrender Decision." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 12, no. 3-4 (2003): 155–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656103793645261.

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AbstractOn 6 August 1945, at exactly 8:15 a.m., the first atomic bomb in history was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. Along with the Soviet entrance into the war on 8 August, the atomic bomb was one of the “twin shocks” that finally compelled Emperor Hirohito to make the decision to surrender. The real “shock” of Hiroshima, however, was not the introduction of a “new and most cruel bomb,” as Hirohito described the atomic bomb in his 15 August radio broadcast announcing the decision to surrender. Rather, it was the capability of the United States to produce the rumored .super weapon. that Japan’s own top atomic scientists had repeatedly deemed impossible, the latest instance of such denial coming only several weeks earlier on 21 July 1945—five days after the Manhattan Project’s successful Trinity atomic test at Alamogordo, New Mexico.
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JONES, MATTHEW. "GREAT BRITAIN, THE UNITED STATES, AND CONSULTATION OVER USE OF THE ATOMIC BOMB, 1950–1954." Historical Journal 54, no. 3 (July 29, 2011): 797–828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x11000240.

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ABSTRACTThe subject of when nuclear weapons might have to be employed by the United States during the early Cold War period was the setting for a prolonged and uneasy dialogue within the Anglo-American relationship. While British governments pressed for a formal agreement that there should be prior consultation before the atomic bomb was ever used, the Americans were determined to retain the freedom to take this crucial decision alone. This article explores the debates that ensued and the tensions that were created by this issue, between the meetings of Attlee and Truman in December 1950 and the Indochina crisis of 1954, and highlights the contrasting geopolitical positions of Britain and the United States as they sought to reconcile their views. For the British, playing host to a clutch of important US airbases, the risk of early nuclear devastation in any outbreak of general war was a paramount consideration. Although impatient with British caution, the Americans recognized an overriding need for allied support in general war giving British views the capacity to exercise a restraining influence.
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Wake, Naoko. "Surviving the Bomb in America." Pacific Historical Review 86, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 472–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2017.86.3.472.

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This article explores the little-known history of Japanese American survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. By focusing on this particular group of survivors with a careful attention to their layered citizenship, national belonging, and gender identity, the article makes important connections between the history of the bomb and the history of immigration across the Pacific. U.S. survivors were both American citizens and immigrants with deep ties to Japan. Their stories expand our understanding of the bomb by taking it out of the context of the clash between nations and placing it in the lives of people who were not within a victors-or-victims dichotomy. Using oral histories with U.S. survivors, their families, and their supporters, the article reveals experiences, memories, and activism that have connected U.S. survivors to both Japan and the United States in person-centered, relatable ways. Moreover, the article brings to light under-explored aspects of Asian America, namely, significant intersections of former internees’ and bomb survivors’ experiences and the role of older women’s agency in the making of Asian American identity. In so doing, the article destabilizes the rigidly nation-bound understanding of the bomb and its human costs that has prevailed in the Pacific region.
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Volodko, Anna. "From the history of Russian emigration. Georgy Bogdanovich Kistyakovsky: from the atomic bomb to the struggle for peace." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 10-3 (October 1, 2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi68.

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The publication is dedicated to the outstanding scientist and chemist Georgy Bogdanovich Kistyakovsky, a Russian emigrant of the first wave, one of the creators of the American atomic bomb, special adviser on science to the President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower, an active participant in the Pugwash movement, his significant contribution to American science. Prepared mainly on the basis of the memoirs of GB Kistyakovsky and his interviews published in the American periodicals, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
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Ialenti, Vincent. "Drum breach: Operational temporalities, error politics and WIPP’s kitty litter nuclear waste accident." Social Studies of Science 51, no. 3 (January 7, 2021): 364–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312720986609.

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In February 2014 at the WIPP transuranic waste repository in New Mexico, a drum erupted in fire. It exposed 22 people to radiation, shut down the underground facility for 35 months and cost the United States over a billion dollars. Heat and pressure had built up in the drum due to chemical reactions with an organic kitty litter, Swheat Scoop, which had been mistakenly added to it at Los Alamos National Laboratory, the birthplace of the atomic bomb. This article disrupts two prominent narratives: (a) that the accident was induced by a typographical error made after a waste packaging operations supervisor misheard ‘inorganic kitty litter’ as ‘an organic kitty litter’ during a meeting, and (b) that it was induced primarily by ‘mismanagement’ at WIPP, Los Alamos and the DOE’s New Mexico field offices. It does so by exploring how a series of overambitious political initiatives, fraught labor relationships, financialized subcontracting arrangements and US Department of Energy (DOE) performance incentives set the stage for Los Alamos’s notorious error by accelerating US waste packaging, shipping and repository emplacement rates beyond systemic capacity. Attention to operational temporalities shows how an often-overlooked nexus of schedule pressures, political-economic imperatives and regulatory breakdowns converged to modulate nuclear waste management workflows and, ultimately, trigger a radiological accident.
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Selden, Mark. "The United States, Japan, and the atomic bomb." Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 23, no. 1 (March 1991): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.1991.10413158.

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Montgomery, Alexander H. "Ringing in Proliferation: How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb Network." International Security 30, no. 2 (October 2005): 153–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/016228805775124543.

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The nuclear nonproliferation regime has come under attack from proliferation determinists, who argue that resolute proliferants connected by decentralized networks can be stopped only through the use of aggressive export controls or regime change. Proliferation pragmatists counter that nuclear aspirants are neither as resolved nor as advanced as determinists claim. A technical review of recent proliferators' progress reveals that Iran, North Korea, and Libya (before it renounced its nuclear program) have been unable to significantly cut development times; the evidence that these regimes are dead set on proliferating and cannot be persuaded to give up their nuclear programs is not compelling. Because these states lack tacit knowledge, the most effective way to dissolve the hub-and-spoke or star-shaped structures of their nuclear and ballistic missile networks is to target the hubs-that is, second-tier proliferators such as Pakistan that have assisted these states with their nuclear and missile programs. Past strategies aimed at dissuading proliferants have been most successful when they combine diplomatic, social, and economic benefits with credible threats and clear red lines. The United States should therefore use these strategies instead of regime change to target current and potential hub states to halt further proliferation.
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Urbanowicz, Piotr. "W cieniu radiacji. Seksualizacje bomby atomowej w kulturze popularnej lat 40. i 50. w Stanach Zjednoczonych." Przegląd Humanistyczny, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.9224.

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The aim of the article is to present a phenomenon of the sexualization of an atomic bomb in the popular culture of the 1940s and the 1950s in the United States. On the basis of sociological and cultural studies, the author lists the functions of this phenomenon. Furthermore, he uses the examples of press reports and popular cinema to indicate that the sexualization of the atomic bomb resulted from fear of sterilization and assimilation of soldiers coming back from the front. The analysis concerns the film I Married a Monster from Outer Space (1958). The author proves that science fiction films conceptualize social concerns, and accustom the viewers with atomic tension by means of appropriate narratives.
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Fujita, Yasuyuki, Chikako Ito, and Kiyohiko Mabuchi. "Surveillance of Mortality among Atomic Bomb Survivors Living in the United States Using the National Death Index." Journal of Epidemiology 14, no. 1 (2004): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.14.17.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Atomic bomb – United States – History"

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Craig, Malcolm MacMillan. "The Truman administration and non-use of the atomic bomb during the Korean War, June 1950 to January 1953 : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1310.

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Bowman, Deena. "The Hollywood political thriller during the Cold War, 1945-1962." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17734.

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This thesis investigates a corpus of films identifiable as Hollywood political thrillers during the Cold War spanning a period of seventeen years, between 1945 and 1962. It aims to dispel the assertion by critics and scholars that the political thriller originates with the release of The Manchurian Candidate (Frankenheimer, 1962). Moreover, it is my intent to engage an interdisciplinary approach given that the relationship between contemporary American cinema, ideology and propaganda has often been overlooked (see Shaw, 2007). Utilizing textual and contextual analysis, I shall argue that The Manchurian Candidate is a transitional film with respect to the political thriller. I shall also offer an explanation for the frequent mislabeling of Hollywood political thrillers as film noir, of which generic hybridity or overlap is a contributing factor. The first part of this thesis shall establish a political and historical context, which includes a discussion of Hollywood’s early entry into the Cold War, U.S. strategies of containment and the threat women posed to U.S. national security vis à vis Ethel Rosenberg. Given that the political thriller emerged as a distinct subgenre during the Cold War, the first part of this thesis shall include a chapter on technology and innovation (e.g. lighting, format, film stock) as a means of supporting prime generic theme of authenticity. Five exemplary mini-case studies shall be presented to demonstrate the way in which the Hollywood political thriller delivered distinct narrative and visual style that both projected and reflected Cold War discourses. Philip Wylie’s “momism” shall be considered within the context of the political thriller and Cold War discourses surrounding gender, U.S. national security and the atomic bomb. I shall expand upon current discussions of momism, approaching it through distinct representations evident within the political thriller. Given the pervasiveness of the nuclear threat during the Cold War, I shall discuss the thematic elements of fear and the unknowability of the atomic bomb in relation to the political thriller. In the second part of this thesis, I identify three distinct cycles of atomic political thrillers, in which issues of vulnerability of the physical locale, the nuclear family and the mind are addressed.
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Elmwood, Victoria A. "Playing defense countercultural American men's autobiography between the atomic bomb and the Reagan era /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3219893.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Depts, of English and American Studies, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2156. Adviser: John Eakin. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 21, 2007)."
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Johnston, Kimberley Gail. "Not equal partners : Anglo-American nuclear relations, 1940-1958 /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16172.pdf.

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Shimizu, Kanako. "Above and Below the Sky: Examining Representations of the Atomic Bomb in Japan and in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1601.

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This study of atomic-bomb literature on Hiroshima will be through a critical lens, largely through postcolonial theory and reader-response criticism. It will be a discussion on the social and political implications behind the popularization of certain works. The discussed texts will not necessarily be written by the Japanese or by survivors of the atomic bomb: in the first case, I will be examining authorial intent and its relation to the intended reader responses from the implied American audience to study perpetuations of propaganda after the war. This paper will also be examining the interlingual translatability of psychological and physical trauma surrounding the atomic bomb and will be exploring the capacities of language to express an emotional and often sensitive topic.
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Gorman, Claire L. "Britain and the atomic bomb: MAUD to Nagasaki." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4332.

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There is a brief introduction explaining the themes in the literature available to date and how this thesis aims to add to available material. In chapter one I give an account of early British research into nuclear science, including collaboration between British universities and the effect the MAUD Report had on accelerating the United States atomic programme. I introduce the main British scientists here . In chapter two I focus on diplomacy between Britain and the United States in the period up to the Quebec Agreement. The two countries had their own atomic programmes at this stage and I discuss the lead up to the amalgamation of both programmes in August 1943. Chapter three examines the British raids on German heavy water facilities and the efforts to stop Germany acquiring the means to make an atomic bomb before the Allies. Co-operation between the British and U.S teams at Los Alamos is discussed, along with the crucial role played by Britain in assisting the American scientists. The British nuclear spies are featured in chapter four, focusing on Alan Nunn May and Klaus Fuchs. Their actions are discussed along with their arrests and trials. Effects of their cases on British atomic diplomacy with the Americans are highlighted. The final section sums up the legacies of Britain¿s nuclear programme and its effect on British Cold War politics with America and the U.S.S.R. The fusion, or hydrogen, bomb is mentioned briefly and an overall assessment of the achievements of the British scientists is included.
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Jussel, Paul C. "Intimidating the World the United States Atomic Army, 1956-1960 /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1085083063.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 222 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 214-222). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Botti, Timothy James. "Anglo-American atomic negotiations 1945-1955 /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260135356963.

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Crystal, Lisa. "Quantum Times: Physics, Philosophy, and Time in the Postwar United States." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10973.

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The concept of time in physics underwent significant changes in the decades following World War II. This dissertation considers several ways in which American physicists grappled with these changes, analyzing the extent to which philosophical methods and questions played a role in physicists' engagement with time. Two lines of questioning run through the dissertation. The first asks about the professional identities of postwar American physicists in relation to philosophy, as exemplified by their engagement with the concept of time. The second analyzes the heterogeneous nature of time in physics, and the range of presuppositions and assumptions that have constituted this "fundamental" physical concept. The first chapter looks to the development of atomic clocks and atomic time standards from 1948-1958, and the ways in which new timekeeping technologies placed concepts such as “clock”, “second,” and “measure of time” in a state of flux. The second chapter looks to the experimental discovery of CP violation by particle physicists in the early 1960s, raising questions about nature of time understood as the variable “t” in the equations of quantum mechanics. The third chapter considers attempts to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity in the late 1960s, which prompted physicists to question the “existence” of time in relation to the universe as a whole. In each episode considered, physicists engaged with the concept of time in a variety of ways, revealing a multiplicity of relationships between physics, philosophy, and time. Further, in each case physicists brought a unique set of assumptions to their concepts of time, revealing the variety ways in which fundamental conceptsfunctioned and changed in late twentieth century physics. The result is a heterogeneous picture of the practice of physics, as well as one of physics’ most basic concepts.
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Nelson, Craig D. "Nuclear Society: Atoms for Peace and the Origins of Nuclear Power in Japan, 1952-1958." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1409013318.

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Books on the topic "Atomic bomb – United States – History"

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Gosling, Francis G. The Manhattan Project: Making the atomic bomb. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2001.

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Gosling, Francis G. The Manhattan Project: Making the atomic bomb. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2005.

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Gosling, Francis G. The Manhattan Project: Making the atomic bomb. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1999.

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Gosling, Francis G. The Manhattan Project: Making the atomic bomb. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1999.

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Gosling, Francis G. The Manhattan Project: Making the atomic bomb. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Administration and Human Resources Management, Executive Secretariat, History Division, 1994.

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Manhattan, the Army and the atomic bomb. Washington, D.C: Center of Military History, U.S. Army, 1985.

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Gosling, Francis G. The Manhattan Project: Making the atomic bomb. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2001.

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Gosling, Francis G. The Manhattan Project: Making the atomic bomb. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1999.

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General George C. Marshall and the atomic bomb. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger, 2016.

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Target Hiroshima: Deak Parsons and the creation of the atomic bomb. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Atomic bomb – United States – History"

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Young, Ken, and Warner R. Schilling. "Moral and Political Consequences." In Super Bomb, 71–86. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501745164.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the controversy's real or assumed moral and political aspects. Moral repugnance inflected the scientific judgments of Oppenheimer's General Advisory Committee, triggering discussion of the relative moral significance of thermonuclear bombing, the use of the atomic bomb, and the mass urban bombing campaigns of 1942–1945. More immediate concerns centered on the impact a decision to develop thermonuclear weapons might have on the pattern of international relations. Given a paucity of intelligence, the effects on the Soviet Union's own weapons program, and thereby on the United States' vulnerability, could only be guessed at. The chapter thus considers if the development of the Super would restore the status quo ante-1949 or lead to a thermonuclear arms race and ultimate stalemate—or even the end of the world.
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Houghton, Vince. "A Reasonable Fear." In The Nuclear Spies, 5–29. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739590.003.0002.

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The first chapter details the causes of the United States Government’s considerable apprehension about the German atomic bomb program. By 1942 American progress in atomic development had made it apparent that atomic bombs were more than theoretical possibilities, they were practical certainties. That is to say, it was only a matter of time before someone built an atomic bomb. The Germans had the best scientists, a well-developed industrial system, widespread political support, and they had a significant head start. American scientists had reason to worry.
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Houghton, Vince. "Whistling in the Dark." In The Nuclear Spies, 151–77. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739590.003.0007.

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The sixth chapter discusses the reasons the United States Government did not consider the Soviet atomic bomb program an immediate national security threat. In contrast to their beliefs about German science, many American scientists and some within the civilian and military leadership regarded Soviet science as institutionally backward, and many of its scientists as intellectual inferiors. Other key players in American leadership, including Leslie Groves, argued that the Soviet Union did not have the industrial capabilities to manufacture an atomic bomb in less than 20 years. Regardless of the reasoning (whether it was an indictment of Soviet science, Soviet industry, or the Soviet system), the people in the positions of power in the United States almost universally assumed they had time to build an effective atomic intelligence system, and do so before the Soviets made much of that system obsolete.
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Courtney, Susan. "Framing the Bomb in the West." In Cinema's Military Industrial Complex. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520291508.003.0012.

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Focused on the period of atmospheric (above-ground) nuclear weapons testing in the continental United States, from 1945 to 1963, this chapter, written by Susan Courtney, does two things. First, it describes some of the basic conditions and infrastructure that shaped the proliferation of films of nuclear weapons tests, including the U.S. government’s secret military film studio dedicated to this work in the hills above Los Angeles, known as Lookout Mountain Air Force Station or Lookout Mountain Laboratory. Second, it turns to the representational legacy that resulted, which was by no means limited to films made by or for the military. More specifically, it considers how footage of atomic tests in New Mexico and at the Nevada Test Site helped to shape the filmic record of nuclear weapons—and popular cultural memory—by framing the bomb in the desert West, arguably the screen space of American exceptionalism.
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Friedman, Hal M. "Arguing over A-Bombs." In War in the American Pacific and East Asia, 1941-1972, 141–73. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813176550.003.0006.

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Interservice rivalry between the United States Army and Navy over the 1946 Bikini Atoll atomic bomb tests was an example of a larger rivalry over roles, missions, and budgets that was endemic to U.S. defense policy immediately after World War II.The tests became embroiled in this larger conflict because of the perception that they could be employed by either service to argue its case for the lion’s share of resources in the postwar world.Therefore, each service went to great lengths to try to assure the press and public that the tests were not “rigged.”What is most interesting, however, about the atomic bomb tests of Operation Crossroads was the fact that the test results were so inconclusive.
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"1. The Bomb, Hirohito, and History: The Foundational Narrative of Postwar Relations between Japan and the United States." In Bodies of Memory, 19–46. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400842988.19.

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Merchant, Emily Klancher. "Introduction." In Building the Population Bomb, 1–11. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197558942.003.0001.

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The introduction situates Building the Population Bomb’s historical narrative in the context of current debates over whether the world’s population is growing too quickly or not quickly enough, and over what should be done about it. It lays out two positions—moderate and extreme—and explains that, rather than taking one side or the other, the book tells the story of how these positions emerged in tandem between the 1920s and the 1970s. It contends that population growth has been unfairly blamed for many of the world’s problems, and promises to explain how this happened and who has benefited from it. The introduction describes how Building the Population Bomb contributes to the history of the social sciences, furthers our understanding of the role of the United States in promoting global development in the second half of the twentieth century, and advances the contemporary project of reproductive justice.
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Houghton, Vince. "Transitions." In The Nuclear Spies, 96–121. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739590.003.0005.

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The fourth chapter discusses the American intelligence shift in focus from the German atomic bomb program to the atomic research effort of the Soviet Union. Alsos scientists were eventually convinced that the German atomic bomb program was far behind that of the United States, and would not be a factor in the Second World War. However, Alsos was kept in Europe to ensure that the Soviet Union did not gain access to German atomic resources. This meant capturing German scientists, occupying German research facilities and laboratories, and capturing German raw materials and industrial centers. In some cases, when it became apparent that Allied forces would not be able to reach certain areas before Soviet forces arrived, Groves utilized the conventional forces of the U.S. Army and the covert forces of the OSS to destroy the resource to ensure it could not be of benefit to the Soviets.
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Houghton, Vince. "Regression." In The Nuclear Spies, 122–50. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739590.003.0006.

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The fifth chapter details the dismantling of the American atomic intelligence program following the conclusion of the Second World War. Although it was clear to most that the Soviet Union was intent on building its own atomic weapon, the American atomic intelligence program did not survive the general demobilization of the post-war United States. Groves’ Manhattan Project (MED) intelligence team was disbanded, and while he kept a small intelligence analysis unit, the means for adequate intelligence collection and analysis were decentralized and scattered across the U.S. Government. During the late 1940s, American intelligence made a series of estimates for when the Soviet Union would build their first atomic bomb. Based on supposition, speculation, and the American and German experiences, the estimates did not effectively evaluate the realities in the Soviet Union.
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Rosenboim, Or. "Writing a World Constitution." In The Emergence of Globalism. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691168722.003.0006.

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This chapter examines perceptions of federal world order by focusing on a group of American and European émigré intellectuals in the United States who formed the Chicago Committee to Frame a World Constitution Draft (1945–1948). The Chicago Committee, led by Robert M. Hutchins, Richard McKeon, and Giuseppe Antonio Borgese, united leading intellectuals and scholars concerned with the crisis of world order after the atomic bomb. Theirs was a sustained intellectual attempt to delineate the theoretical foundations for a world federation and global government, and cement them in a constitutional document. The chapter considers the committee’s contribution to mid-century conceptualizations of legal, political, and moral universalism. It also explores issues relating to pluralism and human rights in the committee’s discussions.
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Conference papers on the topic "Atomic bomb – United States – History"

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Smith, Lynne K., and Mary L. Bisesi. "The Role of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in the Cleanup of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4791.

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Abstract:
As a result of nuclear weapons production, the United States of America produced significant quantities of transuranic waste, which consists of clothing, tools, rags, residues, debris and other items contaminated with small amounts of radioactive man-made elements — mostly plutonium — with an atomic number greater than that of uranium. Transuranic waste began accumulating in the 1940s and continued through the Cold War era. Today, most transuranic waste is stored at weapons production sites across the United States. In 1957, the National Academy of Sciences concluded that the most promising disposal option for radioactive wastes was disposal in deep geologic repositories situated in the salt formations. After nearly a decade of study, the United States Department of Energy decided in January 1981 to proceed with construction of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) at a site 41.6 km (26 miles) southest of Carlsbad, New Mexico. After years of study, construction, and permitting, the WIPP facility became operational in early 1999. As the United States continues to clean up and close its former nuclear weapon facilities, the operation of WIPP will continue into the next several decades. This paper will provide on overview of the history, regulatory, and public process to permit a radioactive repository for disposal of transuranic wastes and the process to ensure its long-term operation in a safe and environmentally compliant manner.
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Reports on the topic "Atomic bomb – United States – History"

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Goncharov, German A. Milestones in the History of Hydrogen Bomb Construction in the Soviet Union and the United States,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada339133.

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Hewlett, R. G., and J. M. Holl. A history of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, 1952-1960: Volume 3. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6150636.

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