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Svensson, William. "CAN STATISTICAL MODELS BEAT BENCHMARK PREDICTIONS BASED ON RANKINGS IN TENNIS?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447384.
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The aim of this thesis is to beat a benchmark prediction of 64.58 percent based on player rankings on the ATP tour in tennis. That means that the player with the best rank in a tennis match is deemed as the winner. Three statistical model are used, logistic regression, random forest and XGBoost. The data are over a period between the years 2000-2010 and has over 60 000 observations with 49 variables each. After the data was prepared, new variables were created and the difference between the two players in hand taken all three statistical models did outperform the benchmark prediction. All three variables had an accuracy around 66 percent with the logistic regression performing the best with an accuracy of 66.45 percent. The most important variable overall for the models is the total win rate on different surfaces, the total win rate and rank.
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Nilsson, Anders, and Susanna Tagesson. "Uppstart av Totalt Produktivt Underhåll på Tour & Andersson AB." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18458.
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In order to continue to be competitive in the current industrial climate, producers must increase efficiency at their plants. Several Swedish companies choose to utilise the principles of Lean production. Tour & Andersson AB (TA) has elected to create their own model using Toyota’s productions system which has been named TAPS (Tour & Andersson Production System). Following two years of working with TAPS the company has decided to introduce Total Productive Maintenance (TPM).Most of the work carried out in the maintenance department today is in form of repairs to already faulty equipment. Only 10 % of their resources are utilised to take preventative measures. Some resources in the form of maintenance systems are available, but are currently not used to their full potential.This report is founded on the company’s needs to make the maintenance operation more efficient in order to reduce costs and to reach a high level of service on delivery to the customer. The company is also striving to increase staff participation and to guarantee a high level of their safety and environmental work.The contents of this report have been collected through various literature, observations of the operation, interviews and one survey. The summary information aims to explain the introduction process from TA’s perspective and is designed to consider TA’s existing improvement processes and working methods. The introduction of TPM as a working method in an organisation would normally be implemented in 12 steps:1.Inform of the management’s decision to introduce TPU2.Create an organisation for change and develop pilot areas3.Education and information4.Develop policy and goals5.Formulate a key plan for the introduction of TPU6.Staff meeting and celebration of TPU introduction7.Measure and analyse OEE8.Operator maintenance in 7 steps9.Specialist maintenance10.In-service training (Development of competency)11.Equipment planning12.Devise new goalsTA has at this stage reached point number 2; a steering committee has been formed which has began looking at pilot projects. Further knowledge of TPM still needs to be gained and hence the steering committee has discussed the possibilities of purchasing relevant technical literature, organising lectures and making educational visits to other plants where TPM has already been implemented.Overall, the news of the introduction of a new tool to increase the utilisation of the company’s equipment, has been greeted positively. The expectation is that the report will be used as a guide and steer Tour & Andersson in the right direction in their efforts towards an efficient and economical operation.<br>Uppsatsnivå: C
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Hassmer, Joakim. "Framtagning av samlingsrör för egen produktion." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-813.
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Karamustafa, Kurtulus. "Tourism development and international tour operators : a case study of Turkey." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21302.
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This study has three main objectives. The first is to examine the role of international tourism corporations in determining the direction and volume of international tourism development in developing countries. The second is to consider one type of international corporation - tour operators - in the context of Turkey; the focus is on the economic opportunities and problems that arise as a result of the activities of international tour operators in their relations with the accommodation sub-sector in Turkey. Finally, the third is to suggest policies which will increase the benefits of international tourism to developing countries and reduce the negative aspects of dependency on international tour operators. In order to achieve these objectives, the study was carried out in two main stages. The first was an extensive literature survey to provide a background to the field research, which provided information mainly on 'Tourism in Developing Countries' and 'International Corporations in International Tourism'. The second stage was the field research. Two surveys were conducted; the first was the tour operators survey in the UK and the second was the accommodation sub-sector survey in Turkey. During the accommodation sub-sector survey in Turkey, both primary data and secondary data were collected. While the secondary data was used to make a general analysis of Turkish tourism development, the primary data helped to determine the international tour operators' relationships with the accommodation sub-sector in Turkey. In conclusion, a number of suggestions are made as to ways to reduce the negative aspects of dependency on international tour operators.
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Malone, Caitlin A. "A Visit to the Priory: An Interactive Audio Tour." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/389.
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The chapter house of the Benedictine priory of Saint John Le Bas-Nueil, currently located in the Worcester Art Museum, is an impressive piece of architecture. However, visitors are currently restricted to admiring the structure and its restoration only, as there is limited information presented in the museum about the room’s original use.
The purpose of this project was to produce a low-impact, narrative-driven audio experience designed to increase visitor interest in the museum in general and Benedictine life during the twelfth century in particular. The prototype produced combines elements of traditional audio tours, radio drama, and question-and-answer interaction sequences to provide a self-driven immersive experience.
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Adams, Amanda. "In person : authorship, performance and the nineteenth-century transatlantic lecture tour /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1404352431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-198). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Tsay, Li-Jiuan Lilie. "The role of the study tour in cultural studies in adult education in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.344039.
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DIAS, ANDRÉ LUIZ DE FREITAS. "A GUIDED TOUR THROUGH MURILO MENDES GEOGRAPHICAL LETTERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30158@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>Partindo das práticas de escrita dos livros de viagem, propomos investigar os procedimentos encenados por Murilo Mendes em Carta Geográfica e, de modo concomitante, investir sobre as estratégias do poeta, no desenho dos mapas e cartas, diante do deslocamento de textos e suas relações com o corpo da obra. Entre os problemas colocados, ao lidarmos com a Carta Geográfica, temos o seu caráter de incompletude e imperfeição - no sentido português de inacabado, como indica Luciana Stegagno Picchio, em comentário nas notas e variantes da edição da poesia completa e prosa. Picchio afirma, ainda, que esta Carta Geográfica ficará como livro de recortes, de apontamentos, de sobras; o que, de imediato, renova o interesse pelo livro, por indicar estratégias de colagens e roteiros, tão caros a Murilo Mendes. Seguimos o significativo interesse pela obra em prosa do poeta, que é justificado, não sem razão, por conta da feição memorialista desses textos. Há uma proliferação de leituras amparadas por teorias do arquivo e das escritas de si; no entanto pretendemos, aqui, ler a Carta Geográfica como cartografia de desejos, compondo estratégias de navegação que, de certo modo, irão supor-se como garrafas de intertextos lançadas ao mar nas dinâmicas das visitas guiadas.<br>From the perspective of travel writing, we propose to investigate the procedures used by Murilo Mendes in Carta Geográfica (Geographic Letter), and along with this, study the strategies of the poet, his drawings of maps and letters, regarding the displacement of texts and their relations with the body of the work. Amongst other issues, when dealing with Carta Geográfica, we have to deal with its incompleteness and imperfections - in the Portuguese sense of inacabado/unfinished, as observed by Luciana Stegagno Picchio, in a comment to the notes and variants of the edition of his complete poetry and prose. Picchio also says that Carta geográfica will remain as a scrapbook, a book of notes and leftovers. An immediate effect of this is to renew interest for this book, because it indicates that collage and scripts were used as strategies, procedures so dear to Murilo Mendes. A significant interest for his work in prose can be explained by the memorialist character of these texts. Many readings have been made based on archive theories and self writings; however, our intention is to read Carta Geográfica as a cartography of desires, using navigation strategies that should, in a way, function as intertextual messages in bottles which are thrown out to the sea during the dynamics of guided tours.
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McMahon, Luke. "Key success factors for internationalised Inbound Tour Operators in the South African Travel and Tourism industry." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5578.
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Magister Commercii - MCom<br>The South African government has earmarked the Travel and Tourism industry as a key sector for economic growth as it plays an important role in stimulating the South African economy. Over the last few years the industry has placed greater emphasis on tour packages being offered to tourists, with one key group, Inbound Tour Operators, emerging to fulfil this important role. However, there have been limited studies conducted in the South African context which aim to isolate generalizable key success factors (KSFs) in the Travel and Tourism sector. By focusing on two important research streams, competitive advantage and international entrepreneurship, this study identified nine main KSFs. These KSFs were developed using Thomas and Long's KSF model (Thomas and Long, 2000). The general research approach was a qualitative, multiple-case study whereby six firms were selected from the inbound tour operator sub-sector of the SA tourism industry. The research methodology used in-depth interviews which were conducted with an industry expert and owner-managers of small, mediumand large inbound tour operators, serving and operating in international markets. This helped to gain an understanding of the complex and intricate ways that these firms comprehend KSFs and build their international strategy. As a result of this research approach, it was possible to identify how these KSF variables are influenced through management's decisions and how they essentially affect the overall competitive positions of the various firms in the industry. It also led to novel findings which challenged conventional international entrepreneurship thinking, such as the Uppsala approach, on the basis that firms do not only follow sequential steps when internationalising their businesses. It was found that entrepreneurial firms internationalise their businesses from the outset and extensively leverage off of internet-based technology and utilise export-based activities to engage international markets. The implications of the findings show that existing and new tour operators entering the tourism industry have clear KSFs which they can target in order to achieve success. These factors are variables which management can influence through their decision-making and affect the overall competitive positions of their firm in the industry. Nonetheless, further studies are required to identify KSFs in the other sectors within the tourism industry to provide valuable insights regarding how the international competitiveness of the local tourism industry as a whole may be improved.
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Chávez, Alarcón María, Quincho Yésica León, Terrones Jacqueline Castro, and Espinoza Leidi Navarrete. "My Tours Planner app de guía turística y planner virtual." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623049.
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MyTours Planner, un aplicativo móvil que ofrece una variedad de opciones de lugares, comidas, hospedaje, restaurantes y más; todo en un solo lugar, servicios ofrecidos a través de un aplicativo móvil, la cual estará disponible las 24 horas del día.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Widebeck, Moa. "Hållbart resande: Svenska researrangörers & resebyråers inställning till klimatkompensering vid flygresor." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161050.
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The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the opinions of tour operators and travel agencies regarding carbon offsetting in air travel. Since it is known already that the number oif participants among travelers in voluntary carbon offsetting is low, the study also aims to examine the travel companies' perceptions of who is responsible for increasing the number of carbon offsetts in air travel. The study was conducted on the basis of qualitative methods. Four semi-structured interviews were held with four different travel companies, of which two of these were travel agencies and two were tour operators. Thematic anaysis was used to analyze the collected data. The results are discussed in relation to previous research which lies behind the research questions. The study shows that there are two different types of values that support why companies offer voluntary carbon offsetting to their customers during air travel; environmental value and market value. Further, the findings highlights the importance of managing carbon offsetting in relation to other environmental sustainable development. To get more travelers involved in participating in carbon offsetting means engaging in overall environmental management at different levels of society. The travel companies mean that they can themselves provide the option for customers to carbon offset, and inform and communicate about this. In addition, school must strenghten knowledge about environmental issues among the people of society and politicians must direct these people towards more climate friendly actions. This will lead to a process of change in overall environmental behaviour, which is needed for more people to want to participate in activities such as carbon offsetting.
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Byrom, John D. "The lure of the tour : literary reaction to travel in Scotland, 1760-1833." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU093180.
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This Thesis aims to survey how writers reacted to "The Tour" of Scotland between 1760 - 1833. The first two chapters show how the early travellers were affected by their differing opinions about the romantic, mythical works of Ossian, reinvented by James Macpherson but opposed by the more scientific approach of Scotland of Thomas Pennant and Samuel Johnson. This leads to a consideration of the nature of the more general tour books of the period, their shared literariness and coherence of picturesque convention which established the tour, mixed with progressive concerns of social and agricultural 'improvement' applied to Scotland. The reactions of the canonical Romantic writers are then investigated. Burns's Tours of Scotland led to a fragmentary written response but stimulated his interest in the tradition of Scottish song. Dorothy Wordsworth expressed an interest in the communities she visited, and an insight into the landscape as material for visionary insight and personal appropriation, next shown to be converted by William Wordsworth into a more delayed, abstract and symbolic stimulus to poetry. Coleridge is then seen to have a more immediate ability to convert natural objects into metaphor that responded to his emotional and intellectually speculative needs as he toured. This contrasts with James Hogg's practical and agricultural interest in the observation of issues of improvement in terms of social analysis based on belief and experiences on his tour strong on personal encounter. Lastly, Walter Scott's exploitation of his touring experiences in poetry and fiction, is investigated showing how through his work he stimulated others to travel, seeing the Scottish countryside as national, historical and monumental, a place to be visited. The varied reactions of the writers also constitute an interesting contribution to Scottish topographical tradition.
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Bowen, David. "Consumer satisfaction and dis-satisfaction with long-haul inclusive tours." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264532.
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Avalos, Huamani Patricia Jimena, Apaza Ruth Nathally Hernandez, Ponce Jimmy Jean Pool Leon, and Ataucusi Samanta Madeleine Valencia. "Turismo Gastronómico Vivencial Tradición&Cultura." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625298.
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El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad proponer un modelo de negocio viable, basado en un enfoque innovador y competitivo para cubrir aquellas necesidades desatendidas en el mercado actual.
La investigación de este proyecto se realizó por el interés de ofrecer una experiencia única a través de la realización de full days dirigidos a turistas que buscan nuevas aventuras culturales y gastronómicas en la ciudad de Lima. Esto permitió identificar rutas conocidas pero no experimentadas bajo un enfoque vivencial, permitiendo al turista participar en la preparación de platos típicos.
Este concepto se enfocará en la población millennial en Lima metropolitana que se encuentren entre las edades de 25 a 39 años y con un nivel socioeconómico B, los cuales suman un mercado disponible de 5143 personas aproximadamente.
Se necesitarán S/109,623 para financiar el proyecto y disponer de fondos suficientes para las actividades de los primeros 2 años que serán la etapa de introducción al mercado, este monto será cubierto por los emprendedores en un 55% ofreciéndoles un costo de oportunidad de capital del 16.03% y el dinero restante obtenido de capitales externos ofreciéndoles una tasa del 12% por su inversión a 4 años.
Se tiene la certeza de la viabilidad del proyecto debido a que fue sometido a diferentes pruebas de sensibilidad donde resultó con una rentabilidad positiva incluso en un escenario pesimista.<br>The purpose of this work is to propose a viable business model, based on an innovative and competitive approach to cover unmet needs in the current market.
The investigation of this project has been carried out through the completion of full days aimed at tourists seeking new cultural and gastronomic adventures in the city of Lima. This allowed us to identify well-known routes that have not been experienced under an experiential approach, granting the tourists to participate in the preparation of typical dishes.
This concept will focus on the millennial population in Metropolitan Lima who are between the ages of 25 to 39 years old and with a socioeconomic B level, making a total of 5143 people approximately of available market. S / 109,623 will be needed to finance the project and to have enough funds for the activities of the first 2 years for the installation of the introduction in the market, this amount will be covered by the entrepreneurs with a 55% of the total, offering them an opportunity cost of capital of 16.03% and the remaining money obtained from external capitals offering a rate of 12% for their investment to 4 years. The feasibility of the project is certain due to the fact that it underwent different sensitivity tests where it resulted in a positive return even in a pessimistic scenario.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Arling, Viktoria Susanne. "Entwicklung und Validierung eines Verfahrens zur Erfassung von Planungskompetenz in der beruflichen Rehabilitation : der "Tour-Planer" /." Berlin : Logos-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2900743&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Davies, Brian. "Extending the industrial organisation paradigm with reference to the economic analysis of the U.K. hotel and package tour industries." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326733.
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Albers, Aline. "Sport als Imageträger im Tourismus : Auswirkungen und Chancen von Sportevents für Destinationen - untersucht am Beispiel der Deutschland-Tour /." Paderborn : Fach Geographie, Univ, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013018967&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Fayed, Manal A. "Metabolite variation in ecologically diverse black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32015.
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Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray) is mass productive tree species native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry was used to study the metabolic profiling of leaves from multiple genotypes to investigate the presence of clinal trends in metabolite levels and to determine if relationships with geo-climatic variables and date of bud set exist. In the late summer (September 3rd) of 2008, young leaves were collected from the species’ range and represented by 106 clones grown in a common garden established in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The results validity was verified through the use of two independent canonical correlation analyses (CCA) that were performed on the intensity of the detected 104 compounds, including 40 known metabolites. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was performed for original variables reduction and to determine the principle components accounting for most of the variation (the first ten PCAs accounted for 63% of the variation). The first analysis utilized the metabolites associated with the first ten principal components to determine the relationship between the original metabolites and geography, climate and date of bud set, while the second was based on the first ten principal components themselves. Both analyses yielded strong to moderate trends but the correlations (ranging from 0.45 to 0.97) were not statistically significant most likely due to the small sample size used. Based on the analyses conducted, it appears that P. trichocarpa ecotypes are preconditioned to suite their location-origin and the observed differences in metabolites reflected the genotypic variability among the studied trees.
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Przychodzeń, Janusz 1962. "Le théâtre québecois dans tous ses discours /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34767.
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This study is inspired by social discourse theory and sociocriticism of literature. it aims to describe an organizational system that informs theatre practice in Quebec and to go beyond aesthetic form, critical interpretation and institutional structure to reveal Quebecois theatre in its most synthesized form.<br>To comprehend the model's overall operation, three broad sectors of the theatre's sphere of activity were explored and juxtaposed: institution, reception and creation. For this purpose, a preliminary set of quantitative and discursive data was assembled from a study of the network of professional schools, associations, and festivals in the theatrical milieu. Following this, examination of a number of scholarly texts made it possible to observe the way in which these elements are linked together into a more comprehensive ideological structure, while analysis of a representative body of contemporary (1945--1990) Quebecois plays served to consolidate and refine these observations.<br>The central thesis of this work is that, at the level of the representation of the "world", there are a series of characteristics that may be thought of as the distinctive elements of Quebecois drama. In general, Quebecois theatre feeds off the denial of the theatrical in order to present itself to the spectator as a site of an impossible theatricality. This dynamic inscribes itself in sociocultural representation in general, and is perceived both in the spatio-temporal dimension of the play, and in the structure of dramatic character and dramatic conflict.
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Jones, Kevin Theodore. "Genetic analysis of TOR complex 2 signaling." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3378493.
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Heraud, Abby R. "What's cooking in the androgynous kitchen : gender & performance in Anna Gavalda's Ensemble c'est tout." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2349.
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Momayyezi, Mina. "Physiological basis of variation in mesophyll conductance of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61268.
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There is dramatic provenance level variation in tree species with geographically wide ranges. For example, in Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray, net photosynthesis (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) both increase with latitude of origin. This thesis reports a parallel cline in mesophyll conductance (gm) and explores its physiological basis. In addition to anatomical constraints, variation in gm should depend on chloroplast positioning, transmembrane CO₂ diffusion through aquaporins (AQPs), and biochemical facilitation of the CO₂↔HCO₃− equilibrium by carbonic anhydrase (CA), but evidence for the former has been lacking. I found that gm increases with latitude across 12 genotypes, as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, and confirmed this pattern by the isotope discrimination method in six representative genotypes. Northern genotypes had greater CA activity. An inhibitor of CA, acetazolamide, reduced CA activity, gm, gs, chloroplast CO₂ concentration and An at normal CO₂ (400 µmol mol-¹), the latter being reversible at saturating CO₂. The relationship between CA activity and gm was similar whether the variation was inherent or inhibitor-induced. I then explored the role of chloroplast positioning in relation to gm, driven by the ratio of blue (BL) to red light supplied to leaves. Repositioning was manifested by a reversible decrease in chlorophyll content index (CCI), while actual chlorophyll content remained unchanged. Although gm was found to decrease as BL increased, and more so in northern genotypes, cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of chloroplast motility, blocked the effect of BL on CCI but not gm, suggesting that BL can mediate gm independently of repositioning. High BL reduced CA activity, consistent with a possible reduction in protein-facilitated diffusion, which might also involve AQPs. I found that the AQP inhibitor mercuric chloride reduces gm more in northern genotypes than in southern genotypes, both absolutely and proportionally, but also reduces CA activity. Although greater gm in high-latitude genotypes likely reflects contributions from several components of the liquid-phase diffusion pathway, this thesis draws particular attention to a major role for CA. Because gm is an equal or greater limitation on photosynthesis than gs, these findings may help direct crop improvement efforts to promote resource use efficiencies and yield.<br>Forestry, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Durden, William. "From public/private spheres to tout autre est tout autre: christianity and politics in Carl Schmitt's The concept of the political and Jacques Derrida's The gift of death /." Online version, 2008. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=289&CISOBOX=1&REC=4.
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Lauria, Michel. "Nouveaux concepts de locomotion pour véhicules tout-terrain robotisés /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?display=detail&nr=2833.
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Falagán, David H. (David Hernández). "Tous & Fargas: optimismo tecnológico en la arquitectura catalana de la segunda mitad del siglo XX." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384614.
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This research proposes the study of the architecture jointly developed by Barcelona architects Josep Maria Fargas Falp (1926-2011; t. 1952) and Enric Tous Garbo (1925; t. 1952) especially during the second half of the twentieth century. This must not be read as a monographic catalog of their projects but a contextualization of their works in the context of Catalan and international architecture, industry and culture contemporary to them. The architectural context in which their work is proposed, the progress of the technical means available to the architects, or the influence of the different trends of thought may have had in their work, are part of the scenario analyzed to interpret their different readings of architecture, and paticularly its technical expression.
Throughout the investigation, it is questioned the dominant historiographical reading of Catalan architecture of their time with regard to the technical possibilities. In a local context marked by the duality between the approaches to the architectural discipline from "realistic" and "idealists" positions -both considered as possible interpretations of the continuity of modernity the idealistic option, usually identified in the figure of Tous & Fargas, is virtually neglected by the existing historiography. This work aims to demonstrate the validity and timeliness of this vision of architecture, and in particular the methodology developed by Tous and Fargas. lt has a place a definition of architecture linked to its technical execution, which provides premises such as the modular coordination or the technological research. In turn, here it is demystified the purely idealistic conception of their work, noting the different versions and nuances of their applications.
Tous & Fargas' work is considered a paradigmatic case study of the possibilities of architecture from approaches strongly related to technique. The proposed relationships and interpretations of each model discussed in this paper makes a map of links between the architectural paradigms and the theoretical readings of technology in each case. The methodological approach recognizes an interpretation of the scientific activity as a result of the historical and social context in which it develops, accepting the evolutionary discontinuity argued by theorists like Thomas S. Kuhn. Thus, the technophile vision of Tous & Fargas architecture is addressed through different paradigms recognizable in their career. Such approaches correspond to different methodological approaches with which the architects focused construction processes.
In a specific manner, seven readings of technology are collected in the work of Tous&Fargas : technics as an industrial process, technics as an artistic expression, technics as an act of imitation, technics as experimentation, technics as an element of communication, technics as a factor of integration in a given context, and technics as an element of the market. In turn, the characteristics of the proposed analys is run through compositional, aesthetic, referential, instrumental, professional, historiographical or personal aspects. Thus, different reading techniques allow the composition of the different interpretations of technics.
This panoramic approach shows that technology has always been a tool used by Tous and Fargas as a premise -never as a juxtaposition- to the architectural definition. The motivation to do so has varied from the fascination to the need, through experimentation, showing the polisemy of an optimistic view of technology.<br>La investigación propone el estudio de la arquitectura realizada de manera conjunta por los arquitectos barceloneses Josep Maria Fargas Falp (1926-2011; t. 1952) y Enrique Tous Carbó (1925; t. 1952) durante buena parte de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. No se aborda un catálogo monográfico de proyectos, sino la contextualización de sus obras en el marco de la arquitectura, la industria y la cultura catalanas e internacionales contemporáneas de su trabajo. El contexto arquitectónico en el que se plantea su obra, el progreso de los medios técnicos a disposición de los arquitectos, o la influencia que las diferentes corrientes de pensamiento pudieron haber tenido en su obra, forman parte del panorama analizado para interpretar sus diferentes lecturas de la arquitectura, y en particular de su expresión técnica. A lo largo de la investigación, se pone en cuestión la lectura historiográfica dominante de la arquitectura catalana de la época en relación a sus posibilidades técnicas. En un contexto local , marcado por la dualidad entre los acercamientos a la disciplina arquitectónica desde posturas "realistas" e "idealistas" -consideradas ambas como posibles interpretaciones de continuidad de la modernidad- la opción idealista, identificada habitualmente en la figura de Tous y Fargas, es prácticamente despreciada por la historiografía existente. Este trabajo pretende demostrar la validez y oportunidad de esta visión de la arquitectura, y en particular de la propuesta metodológica elaborada por Tous y Fargas. En ella tiene cabida una definición de la arquitectura muy vinculada a su ejecución técnica, que aporta premisas como la coordinación modular y la investigación tecnológica. A su vez, se desmitifica la concepción puramente idealista de su trabajo, apuntando las diferentes versiones y matices de su aplicación. La obra de Tous y Fargas es considerada como un caso de estudio paradigmático de las posibilidades de la arquitectura entendida desde planteamientos fuertemente relacionados con la técnica. Las relaciones propuestas y las interpretaciones de cada modelo abordado en este trabajo permiten trazar un mapa de vinculaciones entre los paradigmas arquitectónicos y las lecturas teóricas de la tecnología en cada caso. El acercamiento metodológico reconoce una interpretación de la actividad cientifica como resultado del contexto histórico y social en el que se desarrolla, aceptando la discontinuidad evolutiva argumentada por teóricos como Thomas S. Kuhn. De esta manera, se aborda la visión tecnófila de la arquitectura de Tous y Fargas a través de diferentes paradigmas reconocibles en su trayectoria. Tales aproximaciones se corresponden con los diferentes acercamientos metodológicos con los que los arquitectos enfocaron los procesos constructivos. De una manera específica, se recogen siete lecturas de la técnica en la obra de Tous y Fargas: la técnica como proceso industrial, la técnica como expresión plástica, la técnica como acto de imitación, la técnica como experimentación, la técnica como elemento de comunicación, la técnica como factor de integración en un contexto y la técnica como elemento de mercado. A su vez, las características del análisis trazado recorren aspectos compositivos, estéticos , referenciales , instrumentales, profesionales, historiográficos o personales. De esta manera, diferentes técnicas de lectura permiten componer las lecturas de la técnica enumeradas. De este acercamiento panorámico se deduce que la tecnologia ha sido en todo momento una herramienta utilizada por Tous y Fargas como premisa -nunca como yuxtaposición- para la definición arquitectónica. La motivación para hacerlo ha variado de la fascinación a la necesidad, pasando por la experimentación, mostrando la polisemia de una perspectiva optimista de la tecnología.
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Kärcher, Karsten. "Reinventing the package holiday business : new information and communication technologies in the British and German tour operator sectors." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1996. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25330.
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Tour operators and travel agents are threatened with disintermediation in the travel and tourism industry, especially as a consequence of altered customer demand and new information and communication technologies which foster direct bookings. In this thesis, however, it is argued that major European tour operators are reinventing their business activities to adapt to these changes and to secure their strategic position in the package holiday business. These tour operators are in particular developing and implementing new information and communication technology strategies to support both their production and distribution of holiday packages and, moreover, to enable them to automatically assemble and market individually tailored holidays. Data to support this argument was gained from an extensive empirical survey in Britain and Germany. A total of 44 tour operators were interviewed in Britain and Germany, which controlled over 65% of their respective national market shares. The interviewed tour operators also included ten of the top twelve European tour operator groups. Leading tour operator associations and charter airlines were interviewed in addition. This research provides a detailed insight into the tour operator sector, particularly in Britain and Germany, thus contributing to research in the travel and tourism industry. Moreover, a theoretical framework is developed and proposed, largely based on industrial organisation and new institutional economics literature. The application of this framework in this thesis for the study of the package holiday business contributes to travel and tourism research, and provides a useful methodology for the study of a sector or industry.
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Keir, Karolyn R. "Beautiful but lacking diversity : population genetics of Pacific Dogwood (Cornus nuttallii Audobon ex Torr. & A. Gray)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1493.
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In the past, conifers have been the primary focus of population and conservation genetic studies in Pacific Northwest (PNW) trees. These studies have provided tremendous insight as to how genetic diversity varies across species ranges for these wind-pollinated and mostly wind-dispersed species. With this study of Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), a broadleaved, PNW species, which utilizes biological vectors for pollen and seed dispersal, we hope to broaden our understanding of tree evolutionary dynamics.
Marker development for C. nuttallii found few useful polymorphisms. Of eight microsatellite markers (SSRs) developed from a closely related species, three were monomorphic, while the other five averaged only 4.4 alleles/locus. Furthermore, only a single base pair substitution was found in the rpl16 region of the chloroplast genome after sequencing 2,262 non-coding base pairs in 100 individuals. This lack of diversity, which was found to be ubiquitous throughout the range of C. nuttallii, suggests this species may have endured a prolonged bottleneck in a single glacial refugium prior to recolonization. The cpDNA phylogeographic pattern and a significant decline in both SSR allelic richness (r² = 0.42, p<0.01), and expected heterozygosity (r² = 0.51, p<0.01) support this theory. Low levels of population structure, documented in both chloroplast (D = 0.153) and nuclear genomes (FST = 0.071, RST = 0.036) may suggest high levels of contemporary gene flow between populations are also influencing current patterns of diversity. Despite variation being the precursor for adaptation, a comparison of QST (0.088 for first-year height and 0.113 for bud burst timing) with a refined FST estimate (0.053), indicated that C. nuttallii had either retained or recovered significant phenotypic variation for differential selection to act.
Such uniformly low diversity raises the issue of how genetic conservation efforts should proceed with this and other species sharing a similar degree of genetic depauperateness. So that signs of decline may be detected, we suggest population monitoring, especially for those populations occurring at high elevations. Furthermore, we advocate the transfer of seeds from the nearest southern source, in the event that restorative efforts are required to assist this species to cope with the rapidly changing climate.
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Newcomer, Shaun Edward. "Chinese Travel Agencies & The Internet Age: An Analysis of the Adoption of Internet Tourism in Chengdu, China." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291138487.
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Yu, Nuo 1983. "Fixed parameter tractable algorithms for optimal covering tours with turns." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111595.
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Many geometry problems can be solved by transformation to graph problems. Often, both the geometry version and graph version of the problem are NP-hard - and therefore not likely to be solved in polynomial time. One approach to solving these hard problems is to use fixed parameter tractable (FPT) algorithms. We present a framework for developing FPT algorithms for graph problems using dynamic programming, monadic second order logic of graphs, tree-width, and bidimensionality. We use this framework to obtain FPT results for covering tour problems on grid-graphs with turn costs. The results for these problems are not practical, but they demonstrate how the basic framework can be used to quickly obtain FPT results. We provide suggestions on further research to improve our FPT results and to apply our framework to obtain new FPT results.
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Ghosh, Roy Saurabh. "The role of insulin and amino acid/ TOR signaling pathways in mosquito reproduction." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1871849891&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.<br>Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-160). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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Frese, Marcus. "Die Gartenkultur im Kinderspiel Spielzeug und Kinderbuch als Tor zur Gartenwelt." München M-Press, 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2827674&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Petry, Christine. ""Faire des sujets du roi" : Rechtspolitik in Metz, Toul und Verdun unter französischer Herrschaft : (1552-1648) /." München : Oldenbourg, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2775906&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Patel, Parthive Harishchandra. "Regulation of cell growth and stress response by Rheb/Tor signaling in Drosophila melanogaster." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1260790531&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Petry, Christine. ""Faire des sujets du roi" Rechtspolitik in Metz, Toul und Verdun unter französischer Herrschaft (1552 - 1648)." München Oldenbourg, 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2775906&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Željko, Anđelković. "Перформансе туристичког водича као фактор задовољства туриста у културном туризму". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104327&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Tуристички водичи су веома важни у туристичкој индустрији. Неретко управо од њихових перформанси зависи и целокупно туристичко задовољство (и дестинацијом и комплетним пакет аранжманом). У литератури има мало радова, посебно у Србији, који се баве повезивањем перформанси туристичког водича и задовољством туриста – посебно их је мало у области културног туризма. Важан теоријски допринос ове дисертације је у вези са препознавањем значаја перформанси које су кључне код туристичког водича како би он својим делањем задовољио туристичке потребе. За потребе дисертације урађено је истраживање на узорку од 255 туриста из земље и иностранства при њиховим посетама Нишу, Новом Саду и Београду, на просторима који предствљају важне центре културног туризма у Србији и то на следећим локалитетима: музеји, галерије и градска језгра. У вези са задовољством туристичким услугама,потврђена је хипотеза која је постављена као основа исраживања, а која гласи: перформансе туристичког водича дикретно утичу на степен задовољства туриста. Потврђене су и следеће хипотезе: Туристички водич може својим адекватним перформансама да лошу дестинацију подигне на виши ниво и обратно је такође потврђена; Задовољство туриста услугама туристичког водича директно утиче на задовољство целокупним пакет аранжманом је такође потврђена; Задовољство туриста неком туром зависи и од степена задовољства услугама туристичког водича и од задовољства перформансама водича; Испитаници различитих социо-демографских карактеристика се разликују према степену њиховог задовољства услугама (перформансама) туристичког водича; Задовољство туриста перформансама туристичког водича разликује се код људи са различитом учесталости путовања; Постоје одређене перфомансе туристичког водича које су универзалне и високо рангиране без обзира на социо-демографске особине испитаника. Једина хипотеза која се одбацује гласила је: Висина месечних примања утиче на задовољство туриста перформансама водича и свеукупно задовољство туристичким аранжманом. Практични допринос овог рада огледа се у препознавању значаја свих перформанси туристичког водича, а које ће помоћи да се туристи са путовања враћају задовољнији.<br>Turistički vodiči su veoma važni u turističkoj industriji. Neretko upravo od njihovih performansi zavisi i celokupno turističko zadovoljstvo (i destinacijom i kompletnim paket aranžmanom). U literaturi ima malo radova, posebno u Srbiji, koji se bave povezivanjem performansi turističkog vodiča i zadovoljstvom turista – posebno ih je malo u oblasti kulturnog turizma. Važan teorijski doprinos ove disertacije je u vezi sa prepoznavanjem značaja performansi koje su ključne kod turističkog vodiča kako bi on svojim delanjem zadovoljio turističke potrebe. Za potrebe disertacije urađeno je istraživanje na uzorku od 255 turista iz zemlje i inostranstva pri njihovim posetama Nišu, Novom Sadu i Beogradu, na prostorima koji predstvljaju važne centre kulturnog turizma u Srbiji i to na sledećim lokalitetima: muzeji, galerije i gradska jezgra. U vezi sa zadovoljstvom turističkim uslugama,potvrđena je hipoteza koja je postavljena kao osnova israživanja, a koja glasi: performanse turističkog vodiča dikretno utiču na stepen zadovoljstva turista. Potvrđene su i sledeće hipoteze: Turistički vodič može svojim adekvatnim performansama da lošu destinaciju podigne na viši nivo i obratno je takođe potvrđena; Zadovoljstvo turista uslugama turističkog vodiča direktno utiče na zadovoljstvo celokupnim paket aranžmanom je takođe potvrđena; Zadovoljstvo turista nekom turom zavisi i od stepena zadovoljstva uslugama turističkog vodiča i od zadovoljstva performansama vodiča; Ispitanici različitih socio-demografskih karakteristika se razlikuju prema stepenu njihovog zadovoljstva uslugama (performansama) turističkog vodiča; Zadovoljstvo turista performansama turističkog vodiča razlikuje se kod ljudi sa različitom učestalosti putovanja; Postoje određene perfomanse turističkog vodiča koje su univerzalne i visoko rangirane bez obzira na socio-demografske osobine ispitanika. Jedina hipoteza koja se odbacuje glasila je: Visina mesečnih primanja utiče na zadovoljstvo turista performansama vodiča i sveukupno zadovoljstvo turističkim aranžmanom. Praktični doprinos ovog rada ogleda se u prepoznavanju značaja svih performansi turističkog vodiča, a koje će pomoći da se turisti sa putovanja vraćaju zadovoljniji.<br>Tour guides are very important in tourism industry. It is not the rare case that their performance determines the overall tourist satisfaction (both in terms of destination and package tour). There is very little paperwork, especially from the field of cultural tourism in Serbia that deal with the link between the tour guides‟ performances and tourists‟ satisfaction. The important theoretical contribution this dissertation has relates to the identifying the significance of the tour guides‟ performances that seem to be crucial for making their tourists satisfied. For this purpose, the research was conducted that included 255 Serbian and foreign tourists visiting Niš, Novi Sad and Belgrade- the places that represent important centers of cultural tourism in Serbia and museums, galleries and downtown areas there. When it comes to the satisfaction with the tourist services, the hypothesis that has been proposed as a starting point for this research has been confirmed and it says that the tour guides‟ performances are directly related to the level of tourists‟ satisfaction. The following hypothesis have been confirmed as well: A tour guide with adequate performances is able to elevate a bad destination as well as the hypothesis that claims opposite; The hypothesis that states that tourists‟ satisfaction with tour guides‟ services is directly related to the overall satisfaction with the complete package tour is also confirmed; The tourists‟ satisfaction with the tour depends on the level of satisfaction with the tour guides‟ services as well as their performances; Interviewees with different socio- demographic characteristics differ in terms of the level of their satisfaction with tour guides‟ services (performances); The satisfaction with tour guides‟ performances varies depending on the travel frequency of interviewees; There are certain tour guides performances that seem to be universal and highly ranked no matter what socio-demographic characteristics of the interviewees are. The only hypothesis that is not confirmed states: The monthly income influences tourists‟ satisfaction with tour guides‟ performances and overall satisfaction with the package tour. Practical contribution of this thesis reflects the importance of identifying all the tour guides‟ performances that will help the tourists be more satisfied after they get home.
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Wang, Wentao. "NH3 exhaust gas fuel reforming tor diesel engine decarbonisation & lean NOx abatement over Silver/Alumina catalyst." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5436/.
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The thesis is focusing on the potential roles and applications of NH3 in transportation area, where ammonia is applied i) as a hydrogen carrier involved in a catalytic reforming process tor H2 production, ii) in its reformed form i.e. H2-NH3 mixture for improved NH3 combustion in CI engines (as a carbon-free energy carrier), and iii) as a reductant in engine emission abatement under the incorporation of the NH3 reforming mechanism and catalytic aftertreatment systems. To implement the above studies, a prototype reformer system and a catalytic reaction mechanism were designed and proved capable of producing Hz-contended reformate. The reformed NH3 i.e. H2-NH3 mixture was later applied in diesel operation and demonstrated successful engine decarbonisation. With a further incorporation of a Silver/Alumina catalyst in the engine exhaust system, the reformate was revealed as viable reductant for low temperature NOx abatement. Therefore, a combination of the studied systems show a great potential in simultaneous diesel engine emissions reductions, which include CO2, CO, HC, PM and NOx.
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Aspuria, Paul-Joseph Penaflor. "Genetic analysis of the Tsc/Rheb/Tor pathway in fission yeast involvement in nutrient uptake and drug resistance." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1680035091&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Miller, Lynette. "The sound of dreams : Toru Takemitsu's Far Calls. Coming, Far! and James Joyce's Finnegans Wake." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21242.
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Toru Takemitsu (1930--96) composed several musical works which adopt as their titles quotations from James Joyce' s final and most revolutionary novel, Finnegans Wake. In this thesis I focus on one of these compositions, Far Calls. Coming, Far! (1981) for solo violin and orchestra. I explain the ways in which Takemitsu and Joyce possess similar philosophies and aesthetics, and examine their mutual interest in the phenomena of dreams. The Wake explores one night of a family's unconscious sleep activity and is heavily influenced by Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams. I argue that Takemitsu composes Far Calls. Coming, Far! as a "dreamwork" modelled after Joyce's similar literary endeavour. Accordingly, I categorize the analogous dream structures between Takemitsu's music and Joyce's text. These are: The Dreamer, Language, Time and Water, which I discuss in turn.
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Labban, Margaret. "Characterization of the role of target of rapamycin (TOR) in synaptic plasticity." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110420.
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Aplysia californica is a model organism for determining the molecular basis of memory. In this system, identified synaptic changes have been closely linked to behavioral memories. Indeed, serotonin (5-HT) was characterized as the primary neuromodulator responsible for sensitization. Application of 5-HT to sensory-motor cultures can induce synaptic strengthening, termed facilitation, much like that seen in behavioral learning paradigms. Short-term facilitation is dependent on phosphorylation by key protein kinases, while long-term synaptic changes between sensory and motor neurons require both gene expression and protein synthesis. One important mechanism for translational control is mediated through the target of rapamycin (TOR). An important downstream target of TOR is the translation of mRNAs containing a 5' terminal oligopyrimidine tract (5'TOP) sequence. 5'TOP mRNAs encode for proteins required for protein synthesis such as ribosomal proteins, and elongation factors, and increased translation of these proteins should increase overall translational capacity. TOR regulation of 5'TOP mRNAs in vertebrates is thought to be due to TOR-dependent removal of the translational repression mediated by the 5'TOP sequence. In order to determine the effect of TOR mechanisms on 5'TOP translation during facilitation, we examined changes in the polysome profile of mRNAs containing 5'TOPs following treatment with 5-HT and/or rapamycin (TOR inhibitor). We show that in Aplysia, 5'TOP mRNAs are repressed under basal conditions and this repression is removed by serotonin in a TOR-dependent manner, demonstrating a conserved regulation of 5'TOP mRNAs in the Aplysia nervous system. While short pulses of spaced applications of 5-HT induce long-term facilitation (LTF) through the TOR pathway, continuous and prolonged application of 5-HT leads to a weaker and rapamycin-insensitive intermediate-term facilitation (ITF). Massed ITF has not been very well characterized, however, an increase in phosphorylation of novel PKC Apl II is associated with the increase in synaptic strength seen after continuous 5-HT application. Massed ITF requires protein synthesis, however, a decrease in TOR-mediated cap-dependent translation is observed. TOR can associate with certain proteins to form one of two identified complexes, TOR Complex 1 (TORC1) and TORC2, the latter containing Rapamycin Insensitive Companion of TOR (Rictor) that competes for TOR and conveys a resistance to rapamycin. Thus, one possible mechanism for massed ITF that could be leading to decreased TORC1 activity is through the TOR Complex 2 (TORC2) pathway. Consistent with activation of TORC2 during massed ITF, TORC2 has been shown to be responsible for phosphorylation of certain members of the AGC family of kinases such as PKC and Akt. In order to examine the role TORC2 may play in facilitation, we cloned the Aplysia homolog of Rictor (ApRictor). Knockdown of ApRictor in sensory neurons was shown to decrease phosphorylation of PKC Apl II. Furthermore, overexpression of ApRictor led to increased membrane localization of phosphorylated PKC Apl II after continuous serotonin treatment. These novel findings implicate TORC2 in phosphorylation of PKC Apl II during massed ITF and suggest an additional role for Rictor in regulating the localization of PKCs.<br>L'Aplysie de californie représente un excellent modèle pour étudier les changements moléculaires sous-jacents à la formation de la mémoire. Dans ce système, des changements synaptiques précis induits par la sérotonine (5-HT) sont sous-jacents à la formation de la mémoire de la sensibilisation du réflexe de retrait de la branchie chez l'animal. De plus, le traitement de cultures sensori-motrices de l'Aplysie avec de la 5-HT augmente l'efficacité de la transmission synaptique, phénomène appelé facilitation. La facilitation synaptique à court terme dépend de la phosphorylation de protéines par des kinases clés alors que la facilitation synaptique à long terme est transcription- et traduction-dépendante. La cible de la rapamycine (TOR) est un régulateur clé de la traduction de protéines. TOR contrôle la traduction des ARN messagers (ARNm) qui contiennent une séquence terminale d'oligopyrimidine à leur extrémité 5' (5'TOP). Ceux-ci codent pour des protéines nécessaires pour la synthèse protéique tel que les protéines ribosomales et les facteurs d'élongation. L'augmentation de la synthèse de ces protéines devrait augmenter la traduction de façon générale. Chez les vertébrés, la régulation des ARNm ayant une séquence 5'TOP dépend de l'inhibition de la répression de la traduction médiée par la séquence 5'TOP par TOR. Afin de déterminer l'effet de TOR sur la traduction 5'TOP pendant la facilitation synaptique, nous avons examiné les changements du profil des polysomes des ARNm qui contiennent des séquences 5'TOP suite au traitement des cultures avec la 5-HT ou la rapamycine (inhibiteur de TOR). Nos résultats démontrent que les ARNm 5'TOP sont normalement réprimés et cette répression est enlevée par la 5-HT par un mécanisme TOR-dépendant. Ces observations suggèrent que la régulation des ARNm 5'TOP est conservé dans le système nerveux de l'Aplysie. Alors que des applications espacées de la 5-HT à des cultures primaires de neurones de l'Aplysie induit la facilitation synaptique à long terme (LTF) par l'intermédiaire de TOR, l'application continue et prolongée de la 5-HT induit une facilitation synaptique à moyen terme (ITF) qui est plus faible et qui est insensible à la rapamycine. Les mécanismes sous-jacents à cette ITF ne sont pas bien connus. Cependant, une augmentation de laphosphorylation de la PKC Apl II accompagne l'augmentation de l'efficacité de la transmission synaptique suite à l'application continue de 5-HT. De plus, bien que cette ITF nécessite la synthèse protéique, une diminution de la traduction cap-dépendante médiée par TOR est observée. TOR peut associer avec certaines protéines pour forme l'un ou l'autre des complexes suivants : le complexe 1 de TOR (TORC1) ou le complexe 2 (TORC2) qui contient le compagnon de TOR qui est insensible à la rapamycine (Rictor) qui compétitionne pour TOR et confère la résistance à la rapamycine. Donc, il est possible que l'ITF induite par l'application continue de la 5-HT soit due à l'inhibition de l'activité du complexe TORC1 par le complexe TORC2. En effet, certaines études ont rapporté que TORC2 pouvait phosphoryler des kinases de la famille AGC tel que les PKC et Akt. Afin d'examiner le rôle de TORC2 dans la facilitation à moyen terme, nous avons cloné l'homologue de Rictor chez l'Aplysie (ApRictor). Le knock-down d'ApRictor dans des neurones sensoriels conduit à une diminution de la phosphorylation de la PKC Apl II. De plus, la surexpression d'ApRictor augmente la localisation membranaire de la PKC Apl II phosphorylée suite à un traitement prolongé avec la 5-HT. Ces résultats impliquent TORC2 dans la phosphorylation de la PKC Apl II pendant l'ITF induite par l'application continue de 5-HT et suggèrent que Rictor peut réguler la distribution de la PKC Apl II.
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Zwanenburg, Widingsjö Monique. "Pippi Langkous : Een vergelijking van eerdere met latere drukken & een vertaalanalyse." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för nederländska, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-72293.
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Inmiddels is Pippi een internationaal onderzoeksobject geworden. De Duitse literatuuronderzoekster Astrid Surmatz heeft een grote bijdrage geleverd met haar proefschrift Pippi Långstrump als Paradigma (2005b). Wat volgens mij nog ontbrak is een grondige analyse van de Nederlandse vertaling, en wat er met de boeken gebeurd is na hun oorspronkelijke vertaling. Het respect voor kinderboeken in vertaling laat nog al eens te wensen over en uitgeverijen nemen soms grote vrijheden. Geldt dat ook voor de Nederlandse uitgaven van Pippi Langkous?Deze scriptie geeft een aanzet tot het antwoord met behulp van een analyse van de vertaalnormen uit de Descriptive Translation Studies van Toury, aangevuld met de vertaalmethoden van Newmark. De conclusie is dat de eerste Nederlandse druk een adequate (Toury) of getrouwe (Newmark) vertaling is, en dat de wijzigingen in de volgende drukken er toe geleid hebben dat de tekst en de illustraties steeds meer zijn gaan afwijken van het Zweedse origineel, en dat er nu van een aanvaardbare (Toury), of idiomatische of zelfs vrije vertaling (Newmark) gesproken moet worden. Dat Nederlanders toch weten hoe Pippi door Astrid Lindgren is neergezet, is onder andere te danken aan de tv-serie, de films en de merchandise met de tekeningen van illustratrice Ingrid Vang Nyman.
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Silva, Polyandra Zampiere Pessoa da. "Análise do efeito da incerteza sobre o nível de investimentos : uma abordagem sob a ótica da Teoria das Opções Reais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2016.02.D.19983.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—UnB/UFPB/UFRN, Programa Multi-institucional e Inter-regional de Pós-graduação em Ciências Contábeis, 2016.<br>Esta dissertação teve por objetivo analisar o efeito da incerteza sobre o nível de investimento das empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros de São Paulo (BM&FBovespa). A amostra compôs-se de todas as empresas não financeiras listadas na BM&FBovespa entre o período de 2008 a 2014. Coletaram-se os dados contábeis e de mercado no banco de dados Economatica®, e fez-se a classificação dos setores das empresas de acordo com os dados disponibilizados na BM&FBovespa. Como proxy para a incerteza total, utilizou-se a volatilidade histórica do retorno das ações. Decompôs-se essa medida em três componentes de risco: o de mercado, o idiossincrático e o específico da firma, baseando-se no modelo de Bulan (2005) e Xu, Wang e Xin (2010). Além disso, utilizou-se uma proxy alternativa para medição da incerteza, conforme o estudo de Tran (2014), que foi a volatilidade condicional do retorno das ações. Para análise do efeito da incerteza sobre as decisões de investimento, utilizou-se o método de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) e Mínimos Quadrados em Dois Estágios (MQ2E), quando constatados problemas de endogeneidade da medida de incerteza. Os resultados indicam que a incerteza total tem um efeito negativo e significativo estatisticamente sobre o nível de investimento. Quanto às incertezas de mercado e idiossincrática, verificou-se que não há um efeito estatisticamente significativo sobre o nível de investimento, enquanto que a incerteza específica tem um efeito negativo e significativo, inclusive superior ao da incerteza total, uma vez que o aumento de 1% da incerteza específica da firma reduz o nível de investimento em 0,4706%, e o aumento de 1% da incerteza total reduz o nível de investimento em apenas 0,2567%. Assim, pode-se afirmar que a incerteza da firma é mais significante para explicar o nível de investimento de uma empresa do que a incerteza total, logo, a abordagem que explica o efeito da incerteza sobre o nível de investimento é a Teoria das Opções Reais (TOR). Diante dessas evidências, rejeitaram-se a hipótese 1, de que a incerteza de mercado tem um efeito negativo sobre o nível de investimento, e a hipótese 2 (a), de que a incerteza idiossincrática tem um efeito negativo sobre o nível de investimento. Por outro lado, não se pode rejeitar a hipótese 2, de que existe um efeito negativo da incerteza total sobre o nível de investimento, e a hipótese 2 (b), de que existe um efeito negativo da incerteza específica da firma sobre o nível de investimento. Além disso, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que, no mercado brasileiro, as firmas menores são mais sensíveis à incerteza e às mudanças no ambiente de negócio do que as firmas maiores. Quanto à competitividade, identificou-se que as empresas mais competitivas são mais sensíveis à incerteza do que as menos competitivas. Ademais, a amostra do estudo se restringiu ao período de full IFRS, tendo em vista as mudanças das práticas contábeis que alteraram a forma de mensuração de algumas variáveis explicativas. Dessa forma, após essa restrição, verificou-se que não houve variação do efeito das incertezas total, de mercado, de setor e específica da firma sobre o nível de investimento. Nesse sentido, com base nos resultados obtidos, observou-se que a incerteza tem um efeito negativo sobre o nível de investimento das empresas, principalmente a incerteza específica da firma, conforme prevê a TOR. Logo, os administradores devem considerá-la no processo de tomada de decisão. Ressalta-se que esses resultados podem fomentar o estabelecimento de políticas para análise da viabilidade de novos projetos de investimento. Por fim, as conclusões obtidas nesta dissertação devem ficar restritas à amostra utilizada.<br>This dissertation aimed to analyze the effect of uncertainty on the level of investment by companies listed on the São Paulo Stock, Mercantile and Futures Exchange (BM&FBovespa). The sample consists of all non-financial companies listed on the BM & FBovespa between 2008 and 2014. They were collected accounting and market data in Economatica®database, and the classification of sectors of the companies was made according to the data available on the BM&FBovespa. As a proxy for the total uncertainty, it was used the historical volatility of stock returns. This measure was decomposed into three risk components: market, idiosyncratic and specific to the firm, based on the model of Bulan (2005) and Xu, Wang Xin (2010). In addition, it was used an alternative proxy to measurement the uncertainty, according to the study of Tran (2014), which was the conditional volatility of the stock return. To analyze the effect of uncertainty on investment decisions, it was used the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS), when observed endogeneity problems of measurement of uncertainty. The results indicate that the total uncertainty has a statistically negative and significant effect on the level of investment. Regarding the market and idiosyncratic uncertainties, it was found there is no statistically significant effect on the level of investment, whereas the specific uncertainty has a significant negative effect, even higher than the total uncertainty, since the increase of 1 % of the specific firm uncertainty reduces the level of investment in 0.4706%, and the increase of 1% of the total uncertainty reduces the level of investment in just 0.2567%. So it can say that the uncertainty of the firm is more important to explain the company’s investment level than the total uncertainty, so the approach that explains the effect of uncertainty on the level of investment is the Real Options Theory (ROT). Faced with this evidence, they rejected the hypothesis 1, that market uncertainty has a negative effect on the level of investment, and the hypothesis 2 (a), that the idiosyncratic uncertainty has a negative effect on the level of investment. Furthermore, according to the results, it was found that, in Brazilian market, smaller firms are more sensitive to uncertainties and changes in the business environment than the bigger firms. As for competitiveness, it was identified that the most competitive companies are more sensitive to uncertainty than the less competitive. Moreover, the study sample was restricted to the period of full IFRS, considering the changes in accounting practices that changed the way of measurement of some explanatory variables. Therefore, after this restriction, it was found that there was no variation of the effect of total market, sector, and specific of firm uncertainties on the level of investment. In this sense, based on the results, it was observed that the uncertainty has a negative effect on the level of business investment, particularly the specific uncertainty of the firm, as predicts the TOR. Therefore, administrators should consider it in the decision-making process. It is noteworthy that these results may encourage the establishment of policies for viability analysis of new investment projects. Finally, the conclusions obtained in this dissertation should be restricted to the sample used.
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Termos, Hassan. "Study of up & down conversion technique by all-optical sampling based on SOA-MZI." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0021/document.
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La conversion de fréquence est une fonction clef présente dans divers contextes, particulièrement dans les systèmes mixtes photoniques-hyperfréquences. Aujourd’hui, la suprématie des réseaux optiques pour le transport de données à haut débit sur de grandes distances incite à l’intégration de telles fonctions dans le domaine optique afin de bénéficier des faibles pertes, larges bandes passantes, faibles poids et tailles propres aux technologies optiques. Dans ce travail, nous étudions un mélangeur tout-optique utilisant un composant SOA-MZI (Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer) et une technique d’échantillonnage permettant la conversion vers les hautes et les basses fréquences. Le principe du mélange exploite les caractéristiques spectrales d’un signal échantillonné pour lequel des répliques du signal d’origine existent à différentes autres fréquences. Utiliser une telle technique pour la conversion de fréquences offre deux avantages : la conversion vers les hautes et les basses fréquences utilise la même configuration du mélangeur et la fréquence de l’oscillateur local peut être inférieure à la gamme des fréquences visées.L’implémentation d’une telle technique d’échantillonnage nécessite un interrupteur optique contrôlé optiquement.Comme cela est montré dans ce travail, un SOA-MZI peut jouer ce rôle. Selon la phase relative entre ses bras, un interféromètre Mach-Zehnder (MZI) peut transmettre ou non un signal optique d’entrée. En plaçant un SOA dans chaque bras de la structure MZI, la modulation croisée de la phase qui existe au sein d’un SOA est mise à profit pour contrôler l’état de l’interféromètre. Contrôlé par une source impulsionnelle optique, cet interrupteur optique permet d’échantillonner un signal optique porteur de données à modulation complexe. La conversion de fréquence de signaux mono et multi-porteuses dans le domaine 0,5-39,5 GHz a été obtenue avec succès. Par utilisation d’une configuration différentielle du SOA-MZI, des conversions vers les hautes et les basses fréquences jusqu’à un débit de 1 Gb/s ont pu être réalisées<br>Frequency mixing is a key function existing in different systems, especially in mixed photonic-microwave ones. Today, the supremacy of optical networks to carry high bitrate data over large distances motivates the optical implementation of such functions to benefit from the low loss, high bandwidth, low size and weight of optical technologies. In this work, we study a photonic mixer based on a SOA-MZI (Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer) device and a sampling technique allowing both conversion towards high and low frequencies.The involved mixing principle exploits the spectral characteristics of a sampled signal in which replicas of the original spectrum exist at different other frequencies. Basing the frequency conversion on a sampling technique gives two advantages: the photonic mixer configuration is the same for up and down conversions, and the frequency of the local oscillator can be less than the addressed frequency range.The implementation of such a sampling technique needs an optically-controlled high-frequency optical switch. As shown in this work, a SOA-MZI can play this role. Depending on the relative phase between its arms, an interferometric structure (MZI) can transmit or cancel an optical input signal. By locating one SOA in each arm of the MZI structure, the cross-phase modulation that exists inside an SOA is exploited to optically control the optical switch state of the MZI.Controlled by an optical pulse source, this optical switch is able to sample an optical input signal carrying complexmodulated data. Frequency conversions of mono and multi-carrier signals in the range 0.5-39.5 GHz have been successfully achieved. By using a differential configuration of the SOA-MZI, both up and down conversions at bitrates up to 1 Gb/s are reached
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Hadji, Rezai Sara. "Méthode d’évaluation de l’impact des composants de construction sur la performance globale (énergétique & environnementale, économique et sociale) d’un bâtiment tout au long de son cycle de vie." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS014/document.
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Aujourd’hui les attentes en terme de performance énergétique, environnementale, mais également économique et sociale, toujours de plus en plus élevées, rendent de plus en plus complexe l’acte de construire et compliquée la prise de décision en phase de conception. Aussi l’enjeu de demain est notamment d’accompagner les acteurs de la construction dans le choix de composants de construction les moins risqués et les plus appropriés pour un projet de construction donné. Cette thèse est née de la volonté de répondre à cet enjeu. Aussi, l’objectif de cette thèse a été de développer une méthode d’évaluation de l’impact de l’intégration d’un composant de construction sur la performance globale (énergétique, environnementale, économique et sociale) d’un bâtiment tout au long de son cycle de vie. L’appropriation de la culture du risque, son appréciation (identification, analyse et évaluation), ainsi que son management dans le domaine de la construction est un phénomène récent, encore principalement à l’état de recherche. Cependant d’autres domaines tels que le nucléaire, l’aéronautique ou la finance ont déjà acquis des connaissances, développé des outils, méthodes et techniques et mis en exergue des bonnes pratiques et des précautions à suivre. Ainsi nous avons choisi de nous appuyer sur cela pour développer notre méthode et notamment nous avons fait le choix d’utiliser la méthode classique de Cooke (1991) pour pondérer les jugements d’experts et s’assurer qu’ils soient les plus représentatifs de la réalité. La méthode proposée ici se décompose en trois étapes. La première est une étape préliminaire qui permet d’une part de définir les objectifs de performance à atteindre pour un bâtiment performant en construisant une famille d’indicateurs de performance et d’autre part de choisir entre les deux étapes suivantes. Soit le composant de construction est largement diffusé et le processus principal est mis en œuvre. Soit il est innovant et c’est le processus secondaire qui est mis en œuvre. In fine la méthode permet : 1) d’identifier les couples ‘aléa/risque’ associés au composant étudié (composant largement diffusé ou innovant) ; 2) de mettre en évidence, grâce à l’aide d’un jeu de poids pondérant les indicateurs de performance représentant la performance globale à atteindre pour un bâtiment donné : a) les indicateurs les plus sensibles au regard de ce composant (composant largement diffusé) b) l’impact de l’intégration du composant via les couples ‘aléa/risque’ recensés sur tout le cycle de vie du bâtiment à l’échelle du composant et à l’échelle du bâtiment (composant largement diffusé). Elle a été expérimentée sur deux composants de construction, l’un largement diffusé, l’autre innovant et cela a permis de mettre en exergue ses avantages, limites, perspectives et améliorations d’un point de vue théorique. Mais également d’identifier des bonnes pratiques, des risques et des apprentissages associés à sa mise en application. Sa force réside dans son déploiement à grande échelle. Plus elle sera mis en œuvre sur un grand nombre de composants de construction d’une même famille et plus elle apportera un intérêt dans l’aide à la conception grâce à la comparaison entre ces composants pour choisir le plus approprié et le moins risqué pour un projet de construction donné<br>Current expectations in terms of energy, environmental, economic and social performance, are increasingly higher, making more complex the act of building and complicating decision-making in the design phase. Therefore, tomorrow's challenge includes the support of construction stakeholders in the choice of the least risky and most appropriate construction components for a given construction project. This PhD was born of the desire to respond to this challenge. The objective being to develop a method for assessing the impact of the integration of a construction component on the overall performance (energy, environmental, economic and social) of a building throughout its life cycle. The appropriation of the risk culture, its assessment (identification, analysis and evaluation), and its management in the field of construction is a new phenomenon, still mainly in the state of research. However, other fields such as nuclear, aeronautics or finance have already acquired knowledge. Tools, methods and techniques were developed and highlighted good practices and precautions to be followed. This robust basis was used to develop our method and in particular, the classical method of Cooke (1991) was used to weigh the expert judgments in order to ensure a better representativeness of reality. The proposed method is composed of three steps. The first is a preliminary step that allows to define the objectives of performance to be achieved for an efficient building by building-up a family of performance indicators. It also allows to choose between the two next steps. Either the construction component is largely distributed and the main process is implemented, or it is innovative component and the secondary process is implemented. In fine the method enables : 1) to identify the 'hazard/risk' pairs associated with the component studied (largely distributed or innovative component) ; 2) to highlight, by weighting the performance indicators representing the overall performance to be achieved for a particular building : a) the most sensitive indicators regarding this component (largely distributed component) ; b) the impact of the integration of this component through the 'hazard/risk' pairs identified throughout the life cycle of the building at the component scale and at the building scale (largely distributed component). It was tested on two construction components, one largely distributed, the other innovative, which has highlighted the method advantages, limits, prospects and improvements from a theoretical point of view. But also to identify good practices, risks and learning associated with its implementation. Its strength lies in its large-scale deployment. The more it will be implemented on a large number of construction components of the same family, the more it will bring an interest in design assistance by comparing these components to choose the most appropriate and least risky for a given construction project
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RODRIGUES, CAROLINE XAVIER DE ABREU. "THE FLEXIBILITY VALUE APPLYING TOR AND MRM WITH POISSON JUMPS: THE CASE OF THE FLEX-FUEL CAR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23014@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>Com a entrada no mercado automobilístico brasileiro, em 2003, dos carros
flex-fuel, que podem ser abastecidos tanto com gasolina C quanto com álcool
hidratado, o proprietário do veículo passou a poder escolher na hora do
abastecimento que combustível colocar visando ter um menor custo. Essa
dissertação aplica Teoria de Opções Reais para analisar o valor que a flexibilidade
de escolha do combustível proporciona ao proprietário. Tal flexibilidade pode ser
entendida como uma opção real de troca de insumo (input switch) em que os
insumos são os dois combustíveis acima mencionados. Além disso, esse estudo
levará em conta as diversidades e peculiaridades de cada região do Brasil, ou seja,
buscar-se-á valorar a opção para cada uma das cinco regiões do país: sul, sudeste,
centro-oeste, norte e nordeste. A escolha do modelo estocástico pode influenciar
de forma determinante o valor da opção real avaliada. Sendo assim, nesse
trabalho, a opção de conversão será modelada de acordo com o Movimento de
Reversão à Média com saltos de Poisson. Foi escolhido o Movimento de Reversão
à Média com saltos de Poisson, pois apesar de os preços de commodities serem
relativamente bem modelados pelo Movimento de Reversão à Média, o preço da
gasolina e do etanol sofrem variações bruscas (saltos) em intervalos curtos de
tempo. Assim, procura-se verificar se a sofisticação do modelo tem um impacto
significativo no valor da opção por meio da comparação do presente estudo com o
trabalho de Nascimento (2012). A previsão dos preços e o valor da opção serão
gerados através da Simulação de Monte Carlo.<br>In 2003, the flex-fuel car, which can be fueled with either gas or hydrated
alcohol, was introduced in the Brazilian market. So, the vehicle owner has to
choose at the gas station which fuel he prefers in order to have a lower cost. This
thesis applies the Real Options Theory to analyze the flexibility value that choice
of fuel generates for the owner. Such flexibility can be seen as a real option of
input switch when the inputs are the two fuels mentioned above. Furthermore, this
study will take into account the diversity of each region of Brazil, or seek will
value the option to each of the five regions: South, Southeast, Central-West, North
and Northeast. The choice of the stochastic model can have greater influence on
the value of the real option. Therefore, in this study, the conversion option will be
modeled following the Mean Reversion process with Poisson jumps. The Mean
Reversion process with Poisson jumps was chosen because although commodity
prices are relatively well modeled by Mean Reversion process, the price of
gasoline and ethanol suffer abrupt changes (jumps) in short intervals of time.
Thus, the purpose of this study is to verify that the sophistication of the model has
a significant impact on the value of the option by comparing the present study
with the work of Nascimento (2012). The forecast prices and the option value will
be provide applying the Monte Carlo simulation.
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Quental, Sónia Cristina Pereira, and Ana Paula Coutinho Mendes. "Todas as manhãs da arte : reflexões sobre a criação artística, a partir das ficções biográficas gémeos, de Mário Cláudio, e Tous les Matins du Monde, de Pascal Quignard." Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2009. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000196762.
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Pereda, Campos Marline Veronica Martin Francis. "Contribution à l'étude des transporteurs de phosphate de la famille PHT1 chez le Peuplier (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) et le champignon ectomycorhizien Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P. D. Orton." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0141_PEREDA-CAMPOS.pdf.
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Pereda, Campos Marline Veronica. "Contribution à l’étude des transporteurs de phosphate de la famille PHT1 chez le Peuplier (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) et le champignon ectomycorhizien Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P. D. Orton." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10141/document.
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La publication du premier séquençage d'un arbre - Le peuplier - et celle du champignon ectomycorhizien - Laccaria bicolor - a ouvert des nouvelles perspectives en biologie forestière. Les deux organismes constituent des modèles d'étude grâce à la connaissance de leur génome mais aussi de par leur importance économique, leur intérêt environnemental et leur capacité à s'associer de façon symbiotique. La symbiose mycorhizienne entre un champignon et une plante, améliore la nutrition minérale de la plante, et particulièrement sa nutrition phosphatée. La gestion de la forêt nécessite une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes qui servent à faire face à une faible fertilité en Pi dans le sol. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé la caractérisation des familles multigéniques des transporteurs de Pi de type PHT1 des deux organismes. Nous avons réussi à élucider les subtiles régulations de la famille de transporteurs de Pi entre ces deux partenaires, lors de différents états physiologiques de la plante et du champignon. Notre étude a mis en évidence l'effet positif observé sur la croissance des plantes lors de la mycorhization, celui-ci pouvant être étroitement lié à la régulation des certains transporteurs de Pi des deux partenaires (LbPht1;5 chez L.bicolor ; PtrPht1;9 et PtrPht1;12 chez le peuplier associé à L.bicolor et PtrPht1;10 associé à G.intraradices). D'autres transporteurs ont montré des réponses spécifiques à des stimuli comme la sénescence de feuilles (PtrPht1;1, PtrPht1;5, PtrPht1;6, PtrPht1;9 et PtrPht1;12), la carence en Pi (PtrPht1;9, PtrPht1;12 chez le peuplier, LbPht1;4 chez L. bicolor) et enfin nous avons pu observé les différents niveaux d'expression de chaque transporteur de Pi dans les différents compartiments tissulaires de chacun des partenaires. Cette mosaïque de réponses des membres de la famille PHT1 de ces deux organismes correspond à une première base de connaissances solide qui nous permettra de mieux comprendre les mécanismes du transport du Pi dans le sol des deux partenaires, par voie directe et symbiotique<br>The publication of the first genome sequence of a tree - the poplar - and of an ectomycorrhizal fungus - Laccaria bicolor – has opened new prospects in forestry. Because their genomes are now known, and these species are important both economically and ecologically,Poplar and L. bicolor comprise an important model of plant : fungal interactions,. The mycorrhizal symbiosis, occurring between a fungus and a plant, improves plant mineral nutrition, especially for phosphorus. Forest management requires a better understanding of the mechanisms utilized by plants growing in low phosphorus soils. To increase our understanding of these processes, we characterized the multigenic families of Pi transporters (PHT1 type) of both organisms. We elucidated the subtle regulation of these transporters, from both partners, in various physiological states. Plants grew faster when mycorrhizal and this effect might be explained by the regulation of certain of the Pi transporters : LbPht1;5 in L.bicolor; PtrPht1;9 and PtrPht1;12 in poplar associated with L.bicolor, and PtrPht1;10 associated with G.intraradices. Other Pi transporters responded specifically to stimuli such as leaf senescence (PtrPht1;1, PtrPht1;5, PtrPht1;6, PtrPht1;9 and PtrPht1;12) or Pi starvation (PtrPht1;9, PtrPht1;12 in poplar, LbPht1;4 in L. bicolor). In addition, we observed different levels of expression of each Pi transporter in different tissues of each partner. This mosaic of responses of PHT1 family members provides an initial understanding of how mycorrhization affects Pi uptake from the fungus and plant. From this solid base of knowledge, the mechanisms by which each partner takes up Pi, either directly from soil, or indirectly via their symbiont, can be further expored
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Serson, Fernando Mindlin. "Pacotes de turismo de lazer para o nordeste brasileiro: um estudo exploratório sobre a cadeia de suprimentos para as classes A & B." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2593.
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-31T00:00:00Z<br>O objetivo desse trabalho é fazer um estudo exploratório acerca da cadeia de suprimentos dos pacotes de turismo, estruturados para as classes A e B, cujo destino seja o Nordeste Brasileiro. Procurou-se verificar quais as variáveis importantes e impactantes desta cadeia, o relacionamento entre os participantes da mesma e assim, avaliar se o poder da mesma está nas mãos da operadora de turismo. Para tanto, uma revisão bibliográfica foi realizada inicialmente a fim de identificar quais os aspectos relevantes da cadeia de suprimentos e de turismo. As questões teóricas serviram de base para a coleta de dados em campo, a qual foi constituída de entrevista com roteiro semi-estruturado, com 14 executivos - gerentes e diretores - das empresas constituintes dessa cadeia, complementada por meio de questionário com questões fechadas, respondido por 104 colaboradores da área operacional destas empresas. Por fim, aliando-se a teoria às informações coletadas em campo, foi possível chegar às conclusões e análises pretendidas.<br>The objective of this work was to conduct an exploratory study about the supply chain of tourist packages designed for publics from A and B social classes, with destination to the Brazilian northeast region. The study was focused in the identification of the most important and relevant variables of this chain as well as the relationship among the participants in order to find out if the tour operator has the main control and leadership in this chain. For this purpose, a bibliography review was done to identify which were the most relevant aspects of the supply and tourist packages. The theoretical questions were used as basis for the qualitative research through interviews with 14 executives, managers and directors from the companies involved in the chain, besides another research through structured questions asked to 104 operational employees from the companies. All this effort was aimed at checking and bringing together the results of these research works and the initial theories, and thence, make it possible to verify and confirm the conclusions.
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Ansell, Richard. "Irish protestant travel to Europe, 1660-1727." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:55b4a741-f840-4d79-b1e8-60a3a78e567b.
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This thesis examines travel to continental Europe as undertaken by several generations of Irish Protestants between 1660 and 1727. Historians draw parallels between the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland and other polities in ancien régime Europe, but these demand an exploration of contemporary encounters. Research on the Irish in Europe concentrates on Catholics without much regard to Protestant experiences, while work on English or British travel overlooks ways in which Irish Protestant voyages differed. This thesis analyses the experiences of Church-of-Ireland families from the gentry, nobility and aristocracy, especially the Southwells, Percevals, Molesworths, Molyneuxs, Boyles and Butlers. Correspondence, notebooks and financial accounts reconstruct their voyages, mainly to France, Italy, the Low Countries and Germany, and their attitudes towards the practice of travel. Journeys to other destinations are incorporated, as are the voyages of neighbours, acquaintances and employees. Purposes varied, but travel was consistently considered an opportunity for 'improvement'. The thesis follows the successive preoccupations of travellers, beginning with demonstrations of 'fitness to travel'. Wealthy young men were judged according to criteria that privileged anglicisation and Protestantism, though linguistic skill was a more socially-comprehensive standard. Advisors emphasised civil conversation and written observation, but warnings to avoid 'countrymen' were ignored. The company of English-speaking travellers and Irish Catholic expatriates created distinctive European experiences. Foreign hosts often saw uncomplicated Englishmen, though some recognised Irish difference. Anglican travellers held qualified membership of a 'Protestant international', drawing on a cross-confessional 'stock of friends'. Travellers received tuition that complicates perceptions of travel as 'informal' education and they memorialised experiences through souvenirs and gifts. Voyages encouraged some into English residence and identifications, though others brought improvements home to Ireland. 'Improvement', as it related to wealthy Church-of-Ireland families, functioned not as a binary between approved England and disdained Ireland but a triangular exchange in which continental Europe featured prominently.
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Bailly, Rémy. "Application de la dynamique moléculaire à plusieurs échelles au complexe hélicase : pontine/reptine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0415/document.
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Pontine et Reptine constituent de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques encore très méconnues à ce jour. Outre leur activité ATPase, les complexes multimériques de Pontine et Reptine ont été décrits comme des hélicases capables d’ouvrir les acides nucléiques. La modélisation moléculaire constitue un outil puissant pour l’étude des systèmes protéiques et c’est pourquoi une approche par docking et dynamique a été envisagée. Au vue de la taille d’un complexe à douze sous-unités, les simulations prenant en compte tous les atomes se sont avérées trop coûteuses en termes de puissance de calcul. Une approche mésoscopique,appelée gros-grains, a donc été utilisée pour réduire le nombre de particules à traiter. Legain de temps de calcul offert par ce modèle nous a permis d’étudier les complexes de Pontine et Reptine en présence de partenaires de type ligands, l’ATP et l’ADP, et de type acide nucléique. Par le biais d’un retour au niveau atomique, une ouverture de la double hélice d’ADN a pu être observée ainsi qu’une orientation préférentielle des brins. Des hypothèses mécanistiques de l'activité hélicase du complexe ont alors pu être formulées sur la base de ces résultats<br>Pontin/Reptin complexes offer new therapeutic opportunities despite the fact they are still notwell known. In addition to their ATPase activity, multimeric complexes of Pontin/Reptin were reported as hélicases able to unwind nucleic acids. Molecular modeling techniques are a powerful tool to study proteins, both a docking and molecular dynamics were applied.Considering the size of a twelve sub-units complex, simulations taking into account all atoms were too expensive in terms of computational costs. A mesoscopic approach, called coarse grain,was used to reduce the number of particles. The calculation time saved with this model allowed the study of Pontin/Reptin complexes in the presence of diverse partners like small ligands (ATP or ADP) and/or nucleic acids. Reverse transformation from coarse-grain to the atomic level led to a DNA double helix opening along to the single strands rearrangement.Several mechanistic hypotheses for the complex helicase activity were formulated from these results