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Šebesta, Jakub. "Strategie a koncepce leteckých dopravců pro nábor zaměstnanců na pozici pilot." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232003.
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This master´s thesis provides an overview of diferences between conventional way to obtain ATPL licence and MPL course. Next focus is on the flight schools providing this courses and air carriers requirements to their future pilots.
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Drager, Robert Gray. "Structure and transcript processing of a Euglena gracilis chloroplast operon encoding genes rps2, atpI, atpH, atpF, atpA and rps18." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186334.
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A 9.8 kbp region of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome has been cloned, sequenced and analyzed. This region contains six genes, rps2, rps18, atpI, atpH, atpF and atpA which encode ribosomal proteins S2 and S18 and ATP synthase subunits CFₒIV, CFₒIII, CFₒI and CF₁α, respectively. The linear order of these genes, 5'-rps2-atpI-atpH-atpF-atpA-rps18-3', is similar to that of land plant chloroplasts. These six genes are co-transcribed with two tRNA genes which are 5' to rps2. A fully spliced, 5.5 kb transcript containing all six genes accumulates. The spliced hexa-cistronic transcript is processed by intercistronic cleavage to mono-cistronic mRNAs. The 5' ends of the accumulated mono-cistronic transcripts map to single-stranded regions of the most stable secondary structure for each intercistronic sequence. There is no evidence for initiation of transcription in this region of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome. This Euglena chloroplast operon is interrupted by 17 introns. Nine of the introns are group III and seven are group II. All of the group III introns have potential secondary structures near their 3' ends which resemble domain VI of group II introns. The remaining intron is a complex twintron excised as four group III introns. This intron is comprised of two group III introns within the internal intron of a group III twintron. Two of the internal introns are excised from multiple splice sites. Two of the internal introns interrupt the domain VI-like structure of the host group III intron. The 16S rRNA sequence of Euglena chloroplasts is phylogenetically related to the 16S rRNA sequence of chromophyte chloroplasts, while the Euglena derived atpA amino acid sequence is more closely related to atpA sequences of chlorophyte chloroplasts than to atpA sequences of chromophyte chloroplasts. Too few chloroplast ribosomal protein sequences are available in the databases to perform meaningful phylogenetic analysis of rps2 or rps18. Although clustering of rps2 with the ATP synthase genes in chloroplasts of chlorophytes, rhodophytes, chromophytes and euglenophytes, but not prokaryotes, is evidence that chloroplasts are of mono-phyletic origin.
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Guelin, Emmanuel. "L'ATP synthase mitochondriale de levure : clonage et séquençage des gènes mitochondriaux ATP6 et ATP8. Clonage, séquençage et délétion du gène nucléaire ATP-E." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28205.
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Su, Xin. "Yeast models of diseases linked to the mitochondrial ATP6 gene : molecular bases and therapeutic prospects." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0216.
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Par définition, les maladies mitochondriales résultent d’un défaut dans le processus des oxydations phosphorylantes (OXPHOS). Celui-ci permet aux cellules de se fournir en ATP, soit la principale source d’énergie qu’elles peuvent utiliser. Dans ce processus, quatre complexes (I-IV) insérés dans la membrane mitochondriale interne transfèrent à l’oxygène moléculaire les équivalents réducteurs libérés par l’oxydation de carbohydrates et d’acides gras. Cette activité génère une force proton motrice utilisée pour la synthèse d’ATP à partir d’ADP et de phosphate inorganique par le complexe V ou ATP synthase.Des maladies dont NARP (Neuropathy Ataxia Retinitis Pigmentosa) et MILS (Maternally Inherited Leigh Syndrome) ont été associées à des mutations de la sous-unité a de l’ATP synthase. Son gène (ATP6) est dans le génome mitochondrial. Celui-ci est présent jusqu’à plusieurs milliers de copies par cellule. Les mutations du gène ATP6 coexistent souvent avec des copies sauvages du génome mitochondrial dans les cellules et tissus des patients, ce qui rend leur étude difficile. La levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae dont on peut modifier à loisir le génome mitochondrial permet de s’affranchir de cette hétérogénéité génétique (appelée hétéroplasmie). De plus, grâce à sa bonne capacité fermentaire, elle est capable de survivre à l’inactivation du système OXPHOS.J’ai au cours de ma thèse exploité ces caractéristiques pour mieux définir les conséquences sur l’ATP synthase de cinq mutations du gène ATP6 identifiées chez des patients : m.8993T>G, m.9191T>C, m.8969G>A, m.8909T>C, et m.9166T>C. Le pouvoir pathogène des trois premières a été établi. Les deux dernières sont des nouveaux variants de l’ADN mitochondrial. Via l’identification de suppresseurs intragéniques, et à la lumière de structures à haute résolution de l’ATP synthase décrites récemment, j’ai pu définir les bases moléculaires des mécanismes pathogènes induits par les mutations m.8993T>G, m.9191T>C, et m.8969G>A. Le variant m.8909T>C a été identifié en combinaison avec une mutation pathogène bien connue dans un ARN de transfert (m.3243A>G). Nous avons trouvé qu’un équivalent de cette nouvelle mutation a en levure des effets délétères sur l’assemblage ou la stabilité de la sous-unité a comparables à ceux induits par des mutations du gène ATP6 (m.8993T>C, m.9176T>C) dont le pouvoir pathogène a été établi, et qu’elle a donc potentiellement la capacité d’affecter seule la santé humaine. Mes études en levure sont cohérentes avec des études ayant conclu récemment à la pathogénicité du variant m.9166T>C et permettent de mieux comprendre comment il impacte l’ATP synthase.J’ai identifié un mécanisme de suppression actif sur des modèles levure de mutations pathogènes de la sous-unité a. Il implique le transporteur des oxodicarboxylates (Odc1) localisé dans la membrane mitochondriale interne. J’ai trouvé que la surexpression d’Odc1 permet une plus grande activité du cycle de Krebs (ou TCA). Ce cycle intervient dans l’oxydation de substrats organiques dont les équivalents réducteurs sont ensuite transférés à l’oxygène par la chaîne respiratoire. Il tourne à bas régime dans les mutants de l’ATP synthase dont l’activité canal à protons est altérée. La suppression-Odc1 dépendante entraîne un découplage partiel de la membrane interne, de sorte que le cycle TCA est stimulé malgré le défaut en ATP synthase. Cet effet permet une plus grande production d’ATP via la phosphorylation d’ADP couplée directement à une des réactions du cycle de Krebs. Ces résultats ouvrent des perspectives intéressantes pour le traitement des maladies associées à des altérations de l’ATP synthase, et possiblement d’autres désordres métaboliques. Cette étude apporte de plus un éclairage nouveau sur le contrôle de la biogenèse du complexe IV par l’ATP synthaseBy definition, mitochondrial diseases result from a defect in the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). This is responsible for the production of ATP, the main source of cellular energy. In this process, four multiprotein complexes (I-IV) inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane transfer to molecular oxygen the reducing equivalents released by the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. This activity generates a proton motive force used for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate by the Complex V or ATP synthase.Diseases including NARP (Neuropathy Ataxia Retinitis Pigmentosa) and MILS (Maternally Inherited Leigh Syndrome) have been associated with mutations in the subunit a of ATP synthase. Its gene (ATP6) is in the mitochondrial genome. This genome is present in up to several thousand copies per cell. Mutations in the ATP6 gene often coexist with wild-type copies of the mitochondrial genome in patients' cells and tissues (heteroplasmy), which makes their study difficult. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose mitochondrial genome can be modified at will, makes it possible to overcome this genetic heterogeneity owing to its incapacity to stably maintaining heteroplasmy. In addition, thanks to its good fermentation capacity, this organism is able to survive mutations that inactivate the OXPHOS system.During my thesis, I exploited these characteristics to better define the consequences on ATP synthase of five ATP6 gene mutations identified in patients: m.8969G>A, m.9191T>C, m.8993T>G, m.8909T>C, and m.9166T>C. The pathogenicity of the first three has been established. The last two are new mitochondrial DNA variants. Through the identification of intragenic suppressors, and in the light of high-resolution structures of ATP synthase described recently, I was able to define the molecular bases of the pathogenic mechanisms induced by the m.8993T>G, m.9191T>C and m.8969G>A mutations. The m.8909T>C variant was identified in combination with a well-known pathogenic mutation in tRNALeu (m.3243A>G). We have found that an equivalent of this new mutation in yeast has deleterious effects on the assembly/stability of the subunit a comparable to those induced by mutations of the ATP6 gene (m.8993T>C, m.9176T>C) with a well-established pathogenicity, and therefore has the potential to affect human health on its own. My studies in yeast are consistent with studies that recently concluded on the pathogenicity of the m.9166T>C variant and allow to better understand how it impacts ATP synthase.I have identified an active suppressor mechanism in yeast models of pathogenic subunit a mutations. It involves the oxodicarboxylate transporter (Odc1) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. I have found that artificially overexpressing Odc1 allows for greater Krebs cycle (or TCA) activity. This cycle is involved in the oxidation of organic substrates whose reducing equivalents are then transferred to oxygen by the respiratory chain. It runs low in ATP synthase mutants with impaired proton channel activity. The Odc1-dependent suppressor activity results from a partial uncoupling of the inner membrane so that the TCA cycle is stimulated despite the presence of defect in ATP synthase. This effect allows a greater production of ATP via ADP phosphorylation coupled with one of the reactions of the Krebs cycle. These results open interesting perspectives for the treatment of diseases associated with alterations in ATP synthase, and possibly other metabolic disorders. This study also sheds new light on the control of complex IV biogenesis by ATP synthase
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RIMBAULT, BLANDINE. "Etude de l'expression des genes chloroplastiques atpa et atpb, codant pour les sous unites et de l'atp synthetase, dans l'algue verte c. Reinhardtii." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112043.
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L'origine endosymbiotique des chloroplastes se manifeste par le transfert de nombreux genes, a partir de l'ancetre procaryote, dans le genome nucleaire. L'existence, pour chaque complexe de l'appareil photosynthetique, de sous unites codees par le genome nucleaire et d'autres codees par le chloroplaste implique une regulation de l'expression des genes, afin que les sous unites soient produites dans les proportions requises pour leur assemblage. Les travaux presentes dans notre these concernent la regulation de l'expression de deux genes chloroplastiques de l'algue verte c. Reinhardtii, atpa et atpb, codant pour les sous unites et du complexe de l'atp synthetase. La majeure partie des genes chloroplastiques sont transcrits separement et de maniere independante. Le gene atpa fait cependant partie d'une des rares unites de transcription qui comprend trois autres genes : psbl cema et atph. Huit transcrits sont accumules. Le gene atpa occupe une position privilegiee, en tant que gene situe le plus en amont de l'unite de transcription. L'efficacite de sa traduction ne depend ni de la nature, mono ou polycistronique des transcrits contenant la phase codante de atpa, ni de leur accumulation. Le gene atpb est plus representatif de l'ensemble des genes demeures dans le chloroplaste. Un facteur nucleaire specifique, mdb1p, agit au niveau de la stabilite du transcrit. Ce facteur agit en stabilisant le transcrit, peut-etre en le rendant competent pour la traduction. Le transcrit subit de plus une maturation de la region 5 qui depend de la nature, chloroplastique ou bacterienne, de sa phase codante. Meme si le transcrit atpb possede trois codons d'initiation possibles, la traduction s'effectue a partir d'un seul aug : c'est uniquement la position du codon qui determine la traduction. Enfin nous avons mis en evidence que la traduction de atpa et atpb est coordonnee en fonction de l'assemblage de l'enzyme. L'absence d'une sous-unite du couple perturbe la synthese de l'autre sous unite: nous avons montre que des intermediaires dans la voie de biogenese de l'atp synthetase regulent negativement la synthese des deux sous unites.
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Breuil, Norman. "Conséquences de dysfonctionnements mitochondriaux chez le nématode Caenorhabditis elegans : étude de trois gènes nucléaire ant-1.1, osgl-1 et atp-9." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112363.
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Les maladies mitochondriales sont des pathologies qui se traduisent par des dysfonctionnements neuromusculaires graves. Au niveau moléculaire, ces mutations affectent in fine le fonctionnement de la chaîne respiratoire, la structure du réseau mitochondrial et la stabilité du génome mitochondrial. Une meilleure compréhension de la physiopathologie sous-jacente à ces maladies nécessite le développement de modèles expérimentaux. Le nématode Caenorhabditis elegans a été choisi comme organisme modèle pour étudier certaines de ces pathologies. La famille de gènes nucléaires codant pour le transporteur mitochondrial de nucléotides adényliques, dont des dysfonctions sont à l'origine de l'ophtalmoplégie externe progressive, a été caractérisée chez le nématode. Les résultats établis ont permis l'obtention de souches transgéniques exprimant certains allèles mutants de l'homologue humain. Nous avons par ailleurs cherché à identifier le rôle joué par la protéine universelle OSGL-1 dans la physiologie mitochondriale. Nos résultats indiquent que cette protéine est impliquée dans la stabilité du génome mitochondrial. Ce gène pourrait donc constituer un nouveau gène-candidat pour les maladies associées à des altérations du génome mitochondrial. Enfin, une souche présentant une mutation dominante du gène nucléaire atp-9, codant pour l'une des sous-unités du complexe V de la chaîne respiratoire, a pu être isolée. Ce mutant récapitule la plupart des phénotypes observés chez des patients présentant des défauts du complexe V, et constitue donc un nouveau modèle d'étude pour les pathologies associées à un dysfonctionnement de l'ATP synthétaseMitochondrial diseases result in alterations of neuromuscular functions. At the molecular level these changes affect in fine the mitochondrial respiratory chain, the mitochondrial network and the mitochondrial genome stability. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the physiopathology of these diseases requires the development of novel animal experimental models. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a model organism to elucidate the mechanistic bases of some of these pathologies and to provide new animal model for these human diseases. The family of nuclear genes encoding the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator, whose dysfunctions could cause the progressive external ophthalmoplegia has been functionally characterized in the nematode. Results obtained allowed us to generate transgenic C. Elegans strains expressing mutant alleles of the human homologue. We also explored the role of the universal protein OSGL-1 in the mitochondrial physiology. Our results indicate that this protein is involved in mitochondrial genome stability and could therefore be a new candidate gene for human diseases associated with alterations of the mitochondrial genome. Finally, a C. Elegans strain with a dominant mutation in the nuclear gene atp-9 encoding a subunit of the respiratory chain complex V, has been isolated. This mutant summarizes most of the phenotypes observed in patients with mitochondrial disorders (alteration of mitochondrial network, increased oxidative stress and apoptosis) and could therefore, constitute a novel model to study diseases associated with ATP synthase deficiency
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Duong, Khanh Viet. "On Enhancing Deterministic Sequential ATPG." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31283.
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This thesis presents four different techniques for improving the average-case performance of deterministic sequential circuit Automatic Test Patterns Generators (ATPG). Three techniques make use of information gathered during test generation to help identify more unjustifiable states with higher percentage of â donâ t careâ value. An approach for reducing the search space of the ATPG was introduced. The technique can significantly reduce the size of the search space but cannot ensure the completeness of the search. Results on ISCASâ 85 benchmark circuits show that all of the proposed techniques allow for better fault detection in shorter amounts of time. These techniques, when used together, produced test vectors with high fault coverages. Also investigated in this thesis is the Decision Inversion Problem which threatens the completeness of ATPG tools such as HITEC or ATOMS. We propose a technique which can eliminate this problem by forcing the ATPG to consider search space with certain flip-flops untouched. Results show that our technique eliminated the decision inversion problem, ensuring the soundness of the search algorithm under the 9-valued logic model.Master of Science
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Finegan, Brian H., and Gary Singer. "ADVANCED TELEMETRY PROCESSING SYSTEM (ATPS)." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608547.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThe Advanced Telemetry Processing System (ATPS) is the result of a joint development project between Harris Corporation and Veda Systems, Incorporated. The mission of the development team was to produce a high-performance, cost-effective, supportable telemetry system; one that would utilize commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software, thereby eliminating costly customization typically required for range and telemetry applications. A critical element in the 'cost-effective, supportable' equation was the ability to easily incorporate system performance upgrades as well as future hardware and software technology advancements. The ATPS combines advanced hardware and software technology that includes a high-speed, top-down data management environment; a mature man-machine interface; a B1-level Trusted operating system and network; and stringent real-time multiprocessing capabilities into a single, fully integrated, 'open' platform. In addition, the system incorporates a unique direct memory transfer feature that allows incoming data to pass directly into local memory space where it can be displayed and analyzed, thereby reducing I/O bottleneck and freeing processors for other specialized tasks.
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Harrington, R. A. "Evolution of ATP synthase." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603734.
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The hypothesis of modular evolution of the atp operon is re-evaluated by conducting a phylogenetic analysis of the atp operons and constituent genes of all fully sequenced genomes. Although the original hypothesis of modular evolution cannot be conclusively supported, a number of novel observations are made. Foremost is that the atp operon is a mosaic operon, a result of extensive horizontal transfer. In addition, two independent duplication events are proposed for subunits b/b’ of the enzyme, the transmembrane subunits I and z are shown to be more prevalent than previously thought, and an α/β gene pair is proposed as a putative ancestral gene duplication for these catalytic subunits. Further studies investigate the evolution and current importance of the P-loop domain, the nucleotide binding domain found with the α and β subunits of ATP synthase. A database has been developed to annotate the structure-function relationships of protein structural domains on a large-scale basis, including a novel facility to describe these relationships in terms of their taxonomic distribution. It is used in conjunction with the previously created PSIMAP structural interaction database and taxonomy databases to describe the P-loop as consistently one of the most diverse domains in the proteome. It is also represented by nodes at critical positions within both the structural interaction network, and a novel protein structure-function bipartite network, which supports the proposal that it is among the oldest and most successful of all domains. The final chapter presents case studies of three P-loop families, and explains the diversity of function, interaction partners and taxonomic distribution exhibited in terms of their structures and sequences. In particular a novel study comparing and contrasting the pore structures of all P-loop rings is presented, and partially conserved motifs in the G-proteins are described to explain their interactivity.
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Sheldon, Jonathan Gary. "Control of ATP turnover." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627507.
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Schaffer, Veronika. "Bestimmung der ATP-Freisetzung und des ATP-Abbaus an peripheren Nerven mittels Lumineszenzmessung." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-94932.
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Hendon, Tyler. "IMPACT OF PHOSPHOINOSITIDES ON REGULATION OF K-ATP BY ATP AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5556.
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) reduces ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury by stimulating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensitive potassium channels (KATP) [1-5]. Demonstrating H2S stimulation is unique to KATP, as other inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels demonstrate inhibition or are unaffected [6]. We recently showed that H2S inhibits Kir2 and Kir3 by decreasing channel sensitivity to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 or PIP2) [6]. Here, we test the hypothesis that H2S regulation of Kir6.2, a pore-forming subunit of the KATP channel, is also dependent on PIP2. Using whole-cell patch-clamp we show that H2S increases the activity of Kir6.2 channels expressed in HEK-293 cells. To study the mechanism, we modulated PIP2 levels by expressing a light- activated phosphatase, or by including high levels of a water-soluble PIP2 analog in the patch pipette. The results suggest that H2S augmentation of Kir6.2 channel activity is increased when PIP2 levels are elevated.
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Douglas, Corsten Perrie Louise Claire. "Studies of the assembly pathway of human ATP synthase." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267744.
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Human mitochondrial ATP synthase is an enzyme containing 18 unlike subunits located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), where the catalytic F1 domain extends into the mitochondrial matrix and the FO domain, which contains the c8-ring rotor, the a-subunit and the supernumerary subunits, is anchored in the IMM. All the subunits, apart from the a- and A6L-subunits, are encoded in the nucleus and require transport into the mitochondria before being assembled. The a- and A6L-subunits are encoded on the mitochondrial genome. The respiratory complexes generate the proton motive force (PMF), which ATP synthase uses to generate ATP from ADP and Pi. Rotation of the α- and β-subunits with the central stalk γ-, δ- and ε-subunits is prevented by coupling the F1 domain to the FO domain via the peripheral stalk (the OSCP-, F6-, d- and b-subunits). ATP hydrolysis is prevented by the natural inhibitor of the enzyme, IF1, binding to the F1 domain. In addition to the aand, b-subunits, the FO domain contains the c8-ring and six supernumerary subunits not involved in the catalytic activity of ATP synthase. The roles of five of these subunits in the assembly of ATP synthase, the e-, f-, g-, DAPIT- and 6.8 kDa proteolipid-subunits, were investigated by suppressing or disrupting their expression individually. The e-subunit is the first of the supernumerary subunits to assemble, then the g-subunit followed by the f-, 6.8 kDa proteolipid- and DAPIT-subunits. All five supernumerary subunits investigated were required to facilitate the dimerisation and oligomerisation of ATP synthase. The e-, f- and g-subunits were found to be important for maintaining mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
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Ivanov, André. "Dynamic testibility measures and their use in ATPG." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63324.
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Soares, Marcelo de Oliveira. "Geobiologia do Atol das Rocas, Atlântico Sul Equatorial." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30387.
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Esta tese aborda a geobiologia do único Atol do Oceano Atlântico Sul. Diferentes classificações foram realizadas para o complexo recifal de Rocas ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX, as quais são avaliadas historicamente. Análises biogeomorfológicas e de mapeamento das unidades recifais foram realizadas no Atol das Rocas para a compreensão da dinâmica sedimentar e do relevo deste recife oceânico. Os diferentes compartimentos recifais são afetados por processos biogeomorfológicos como controle de processos erosivos, bioproteção, bioerosão recifal, bioturbação, cimentação de areia carbonática biogênica, produção de sedimentos biodetríticos e bioconstrução (principalmente de algas calcáreas, corais, vermetídeos e foraminíferos). Organismos diversos incluindo aves, peixes, tartarugas, corais, zoantídeos, algas, moluscos, poliquetas, sipunculídeos, foraminíferos e microorganismos agem nos diferentes grupos de processos biogeomorfológicos gerando as características únicas do Atol. O recife oceânico se desenvolveu provavelmente nos últimos 7000 anos do Período Neógeno. A paleohidrodinâmica da corrente oceânica, variações no gradiente de energia no lado a barlavento e sotavento e, sobretudo, as oscilações eustáticas holocênicas foram preponderantes na evolução recifal. Em níveis de mar alto uma grande laguna composta por comunidades bentônicas se formou com grande diversidade biológica. Eventos regressivos e de erosão por ação de ondas e correntes levou as feições observadas atualmente, tais como o ambiente lagunar raso (<6m profundidade), de um amplo depósito arenoso e das ilhas à sotavento. A dinâmica temporal e espacial de sete comunidades principais de ambientes submersos, intertidais e emersos é demonstrada pela primeira vez.This thesis approaches the geobiology of the only Atoll in the South Atlantic Ocean. Different classifications were made for Rocas Reef Complex along the nineteenth and twentieth century, which are evaluated historically. Biogeomorphological analysis and mapping of the reef units were done on the Rocas Atoll for the comprehension of the sedimentary dynamic and of the relief of this oceanic reef. The different reef compartments are affected by biogeomorphological processes such as erosive process control, bioprotection, bioerosion, bioturbation, cementing of the biogenic carbonate sand, production of biodetritic sediments and bioconstruction (especially of calcareous algae, vermetids, corals and foraminifers). Different organisms including birds, fishes, turtles, corals, zoanthids, algae, mollusks, polychaets, sipunculids, foraminifers and microorganisms act in the different groups of biogeomorphological processes generating the unique characteristics of the Atoll. The oceanic reef developed over the past 7000 years in the Neogene Period. The paleohydrodynamic of the oceanic current, variations of the gradient of energy on the leeward/windward side and, above all, the eustatic holocenic oscillations were predominant in the reef evolution. In high sea levels a lagoon composed by bentonic communities formed with great biological diversity. The regression and erosion by waves and currents led to the formation of shallow lagoon environment, extensive sandy deposit and the Islands in leeward side. The temporal and spatial dynamic of seven main communities of underwater, intertidal and emerged environments is shown for the first time.
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Cota, Erika Fernandes. "ATPG para teste de circuitos analogicos e mistos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/117097.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo do problema de teste de circuitos analógicos e mistos, propondo uma metodologia de teste e apresentando uma ferramenta para geração automática de vetores de teste (ATPG). A necessidade deste tipo de pesquisa torna-se clara no momento em que um número cada vez maior de aplicações requer algum tipo de interação entre dispositivos analógicos e digitais, não só em se tratando de placas de circuito impresso, mas também em um mesmo circuito integrado. A metodologia prevê a detecção de falhas paramétricas, de grandes desvios e catastróficas em circuitos lineares e não-lineares. Além disso. a ocorrência de falhas de interação é considerada, assim como a definição de vetores para diagnóstico que garantam máxima cobertura de falhas. Inicialmente são apresentados alguns aspectos teóricos relacionados ao teste deste tipo de circuitos (complexidade do teste, abordagens existentes e trabalhos correlatos). A seguir, são apresentados o modelo de falhas utilizado e a metodologia proposta, bem como a ferramenta de ATPG. A técnica é aplicada, então, a dois circuitos. O processo de geração dos vetores de teste é explicado e exemplos de vetores gerados são apresentados. Posteriormente, uma proposta de automatização do método é feita, acompanhada da descrição de algumas ferramentas comerciais utilizadas. Por fim, os resultados e conclusões são apresentados.This work aims at studying the testing problems related to analog and mixedsignal circuits. This kind of research is very useful nowadays, since there is a great demand for circuits that need some kind of interaction between analog and digital blocks. This document presents a method and an automatic test pattern generation tool aplicable to the detection of soft, large and hard fault in linear and non-linear circuits. This method considers, also, interaction faults and computes diagnose vectors that garantee maximal fault coverage. At first. a brief review of methods. approaches and related works is presented. Then. the fault model used and the test methodology are defined. and an ATPG tool is proposed. Next, the ATPG algorithm is applied to a linear and to a non-linear circuit. The test vector generation process and the test vectors computed are then shown. After that a way to automatize the ATPG tool is discussed under the light of those commercial tools that were used in this work. Finally. the conclusions and results are presented.
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Gibert, Laure. "Caractérisation de l'autolysine bifonctionnelle AtlL de Staphylococcus lugdunensis." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES053.
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L’étude du système autolytique de Staphylococcus lugdunensis a donné lieu à la description de l’autolysine bifonctionnelle AtlL. Cette enzyme est constituée de deux domaines catalytiques (l’un à activité N-acétylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase et l’autre à activité N-acétylglucosaminidase) reliés par trois domaines répétés (AtlLR1-AtlLR3). Afin d’étudier les rôles de cette autolysine, un mutant délété pour le gène atlL a été construit. Ce mutant présente un défaut de séparation cellulaire, une paroi rugueuse ainsi qu’une sensibilité diminuée à la lyse induite par le triton X-100. De plus, nous avons montré qu’il était plus résistant que la souche parentale à la lyse et à la mort induites par la pénicilline et les glycopeptides. Par ailleurs, nous avons pu mettre en évidence qu’AtlL était impliquée dans la virulence de S. Lugdunensis puisque cette autolysine joue un rôle dans la formation de biofilm et que la souche mutante présente une virulence atténuée comparativement à la souche sauvage dans le modèle d’infection du nématode de Caenorhabditis elegans. Enfin, en séquençant des fragments au sein des domaines répétés d’atlL, un polymorphisme a été mis en évidence ; atlLR2 et atlLR3 ont alors été intégrés dans un schéma de Multi-Virulence-Locus Sequence Typing élaboré comme un outil épidémiologique pour le suivi des infections à S. Lugdunensis et la caractérisation de lignées phylogénétiques chez cette espèce de staphylocoque à coagulase négative de virulence inhabituelleThe study of the Staphylococcus lugdunensis autolytic system has led to the description of the bifunctional AtlL autolysin. This enzyme displays two enzymatic domains (an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase and an N-acetylglucosaminidase) connected by three repeated domains (AtlLR1-AtlLR3). To investigate the roles of this autolysin, a ΔatlL mutant was constructed. This mutant is defective in cell separation, has a rough outer cell surface and a decreased susceptibility to lysis induced by Triton X-100. Moreover, this mutant appears to be more resistant to penicillin- and glycopeptides-induced cell lysis and death. Furthermore, we highlighted that AtlL is involved in S. Lugdunensis virulence as this autolysin plays a role in biofilm formation and as the mutant strain shows attenuated virulence using the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode model. Finally, by sequencing fragments in atlL repeated domains, a polymorphism was identified; atlLR2 atlLR3 were then included into a Multi-Locus-Sequence Typing Virulence scheme developed to study short term epidemiology and further characterize lineage of this rare but highly pathogen, S. Lugdunensis
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Gupta, Puneet. "High Quality Transition and Small Delay Fault ATPG." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9725.
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Path selection and generating tests for small delay faults is an important issue in the delay fault area. A novel technique for generating effective vectors for delay defects is the first issue that we have presented in the thesis. The test set achieves high path delay fault coverage to capture small-distributed delay defects and high transition fault coverage to capture gross delay defects. Furthermore, non-robust paths for ATPG are filtered (selected) carefully so that there is a minimum overlap with the already tested robust paths. A relationship between path delay fault model and transition fault model has been observed which helps us reduce the number of non-robust paths considered for test generation. To generate tests for robust and non-robust paths, a deterministic ATPG engine is developed. To deal with small delay faults, we have proposed a new transition fault model called As late As Possible Transition Fault (ALAPTF) Model. The model aims at detecting smaller delays, which will be missed by both the traditional transition fault model and the path delay model. The model makes sure that each transition is launched as late as possible at the fault site, accumulating the small delay defects along its way. Because some transition faults may require multiple paths to be launched, simple path-delay model will miss such faults. The algorithm proposed also detects robust and non-robust paths along with the transition faults and the execution time is linear to the circuit size. Results on ISCAS'85 and ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits shows that for all the cases, the new model is capable of detecting smaller gate delays and produces better results in case of process variations. Results also show that the filtered non-robust path set can be reduced to 40% smaller than the conventional path set without losing delay defect coverage.Master of Science
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Liu, Xiao. "ATPG and DFT Algorithms for Delay Fault Testing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11213.
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With ever shrinking geometries, growing metal density and increasing clock rate on chips, delay testing is becoming a necessity in industry to maintain test quality for speed-related failures. The purpose of delay testing is to verify that the circuit operates correctly at the rated speed. However, functional tests for delay defects are usually unacceptable for large scale designs due to the prohibitive cost of functional test patterns and the difficulty in achieving very high fault coverage. Scan-based delay testing, which could ensure a high delay fault coverage at reasonable development cost, provides a good alternative to the at-speed functional test.
This dissertation addresses several key challenges in scan-based delay testing and develops efficient Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) and Design-for-testability (DFT) algorithms for delay testing. In the dissertation, two algorithms are first proposed for computing and applying transition test patterns using stuck-at test vectors, thus avoiding the need for a transition fault test generator. The experimental results show that we can improve both test data volume and test application time by 46.5% over a commercial transition ATPG tool. Secondly, we propose a hybrid scan-based delay testing technique for compact and high fault coverage test set, which combines the advantages of both the skewed-load and broadside test application methods. On an average, about 4.5% improvement in fault coverage is obtained by the hybrid approach over the broad-side approach, with very little hardware overhead. Thirdly, we propose and develop a constrained ATPG algorithm for scan-based delay testing, which addresses the overtesting problem due to the possible detection of functionally untestable faults in scan-based testing. The experimental results show that our method efficiently generates a test set for functionally testable transition faults and reduces the yield loss due to overtesting of functionally untestable transition faults. Finally, a new approach on identifying functionally untestable transition faults in non-scan sequential circuits is presented. We formulate a new dominance relationship for transition faults and use it to help identify more untestable transition faults on top of a fault-independent method based on static implications. The experimental results for ISCAS89 sequential benchmark circuits show that our approach can identify many more functionally untestable transition faults than previously reported.Ph. D.
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Vontela, Deepak Reddy. "Methodologies to Exploit ATPG Tools for De-camouflaging." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6597.
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Semiconductor supply chain is increasingly getting exposed to Reverse Engineering (RE) of Intellectual Property (IP). Camouflaging of gates in integrated circuits are typically employed to hide the gate functionality to prevent reverse engineering. The functionalities of these gates cannot be found by De-layering as they don’t leave any layout clues. Adversaries perform reverse engineering by replacing the camouflaged gate with the known gate and by developing custom software to determine test patterns. These test patterns are used to analyze the outputs and to conclude the functionality of the camouflaged gate.
In this thesis, we show that reverse engineering of camouflaged design can be performed by exploiting the test features of commercial/publicly available Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) tools. We also propose controllability/observability and Hamming Distance sensitivity based metric to select target gates for camouflaging. Simulations on ISCAS85 benchmarks shows that the proposed techniques can increase the reverse engineering effort significantly by camouflaging small fraction of gates.
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Kramarova, Tatiana. "Limiting factors in ATP synthesis." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Wenner-Gren Institute for Experimental Biology, Stockholm university, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-987.
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Shatarat, Amjad. "ATP as a sympathetic neurotransmitter." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12069/.
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ATP has been shown to be a sympathetic neurotransmitter in blood vessels. However, its relative importance has been shown to be influenced by the experimental conditions employed such as alteration of the vascular tone. Thus the main aim was to raise the tone of vascular preparations and to further examine sympathetic neurotransmission in these preparations. Porcine whole mesenteries were perfused with physiological buffer and changes in pressure recorded or different sized mesenteric arteries were isolated and set up for isometric recording. Responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were obtained under basal and raised tone conditions induced by U46619, a thromboxane A2 mimetic. The nature of the neurotransmitters involved in the mediation of the electrically-evoked responses was assessed using an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin and/or the P2X receptor desensitizing agent, α,β-methyleneATP, an α2-adrenoceptor RX811059 antagonist, and a neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP3226. In separate experiments, responses to nerve stimulation were investigated in rat mesenteric small arteries pressurized to 90 mmHg. The effects of a selective α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, YM-12617, and selective P2X1 receptor antagonist, NF-449, on the electrically-evoked response were determined. Under basal tone conditions the electrically-evoked contractile responses in porcine whole mesenteric bed and isolated arteries were exclusively mediated by noradrenaline (NA) since they were inhibited by prazosin. However, under conditions of raised tone, the electrically-evoked responses were enhanced and a role for ATP was evident since these responses were sensitive to α,β-methyleneATP. Responses to exogenous NA and α,β-methyleneATP were also enhanced at raised tone indicating a postjunctional mechanism of enhancement. Nifedipine attenuated the enhanced responses to EFS and α,β-methyleneATP suggesting a possible role for L-type calcium channels in the mediation of the enhanced responses. In rat pressurised mesenteric arteries the electrically-evoked vasocontractile responses were sensitive to YM-12617 and NF-449, indicating that NA and ATP were involved in the mediation of these responses. Raising tone with U46619 in these arteries enhanced the electrically-evoked contractile response; under these conditions responses were sensitive to both YM-12617 and NF-449. The present study supports the observation that ATP becomes a more important sympathetic neurotransmitter under conditions of raised tone in contrast to when tone is absent. In porcine mesenteric vascular preparations NA predominates as the main sympathetic neurotransmitter under conditions of basal tone. However, when tone was raised the responses were enhanced and a role for ATP became evident.
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Wild, Julia Stephanie. "An Investigation into ATP Misses." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8929.
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This project was carried out in order to complete the requirements of the Master of Engineering Management degree at the University of Canterbury. The project objective was to examine the reasons for Attainment to Plan (ATP) misses at the Meadow Fresh Christchurch plant, specifically the Fresh Beverages division. ATP is a measure of how closely the production team follows the daily packing plan, and is a site Key Performance Indicator (KPI). This report describes the action plans that were developed to decrease the number of misses to the target value, an analysis of the success of these plans, and recommendations which were made around the purchase of plant equipment in order to further improve the ATP results.
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Hamilton, Sara M. "ATP and peripheral sensory systems." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325538.
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Green-Petersen, Minna. "Mitochondrial alignment in ATP gradients." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189551.
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Gent, Kelson Andrew. "High Quality Test Generation at the Register Transfer Level." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73544.
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Integrated circuits, from general purpose microprocessors to application specific designs (ASICs), have become ubiquitous in modern technology. As our applications have become more complex, so too have the circuits used to drive them. Moore's law predicts that the number of transistors on a chip doubles every 18-24 months. This explosion in circuit size has also lead to significant growth in testing effort required to verify the design. In order to cope with the required effort, the testing problem must be approached from several different design levels. In particular, exploiting the Register Transfer Level for test generation allows for the use of relational information unavailable at the structural level.
This dissertation demonstrates several novel methods for generating tests applicable for both structural and functional tests. These testing methods allow for significantly faster test generation for functional tests as well as providing high levels of fault coverage during structural test, typically outperforming previous state of the art methods.
First, a semi-formal method for functional verification is presented. The approach utilizes a SMT-based bounded model checker in combination with an ant colony optimization based search engine to generate tests with high branch coverage. Additionally, the method is utilized to identify unreachable code paths within the RTL. Compared to previous methods, the experimental results show increased levels of coverage and improved performance.
Then, an ant colony optimization algorithm is used to generate high quality tests for fault coverage. By utilizing co-simulation at the RTL and gate level, tests are generated for both levels simultaneously. This method is shown to reach previously unseen levels of fault coverage with significantly lower computational effort. Additionally, the engine was also shown to be effective for behavioral level test generation.
Next, an abstraction method for functional test generation is presented utilizing program slicing and data mining. The abstraction allows us to generate high quality test vectors that navigate extremely narrow paths in the state space. The method reaches previously unseen levels of coverage and is able to justify very difficult to reach control states within the circuit.
Then, a new method of fault grading test vectors is introduced based on the concept of operator coverage. Operator coverage measures the behavioral coverage in each synthesizable statement in the RTL by creating a set of coverage points for each arithmetic and logical operator. The metric shows a strong relationship with fault coverage for coverage forecasting and vector comparison. Additionally, it provides significant reductions in computation time compared to other vector grading methods.
Finally, the prior metric is utilized for creating a framework of automatic test pattern generation for defect coverage at the RTL. This framework provides the unique ability to automatically generate high quality test vectors for functional and defect level testing at the RTL without the need for synthesis.
In summary, We present a set of tools for the analysis and test of circuits at the RTL. By leveraging information available at HDL, we can generate tests to exercise particular properties that are extremely difficult to extract at the gate level.Ph. D.
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Weber, Cornelia [Verfasser]. "The challenge of ATP biosensing - application, investigation and further development of ATP microbiosensors / Cornelia Weber." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049238877/34.
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Zheng, Jing-Sheng. "ATP receptors and regulation of the ATP-induced calcium ion mobilization response in cardiac myocytes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056573774.
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Daher, Raed. "Implication de BMP6, GLRX5 et la H+/K+ ATPase dans les troubles du métabolisme de fer : de la physiologie à la pathologie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC280.
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Le fer est un élément essentiel à de nombreux processus biologiques. Son homéostasie est maintenue par un mécanisme clos qui se base sur son absorption au niveau de l'intestin, son utilisation par les précurseurs érythroïdes pour produire l’hémoglobine, et son recyclage et stockage dans les macrophages du foie et de la rate. Le métabolisme du fer est sous le contrôle négatif de l'hepcidine, un peptide synthétisé essentiellement par le foie. L'hepcidine inhibe l'absorption intestinale du fer ainsi que son relargage des macrophages. Le déséquilibre du métabolisme du fer entraîne l'apparition de situations pathologiques multiples. En effet, la carence martiale est la cause la plus fréquente d’anémie qui peut être sidéroblastique ou non selon la nature de la disponibilité en fer des précurseurs érythroïdes, et l’excès de fer entraine l’hémochromatose qui peut-être primaire (héréditaire) ou secondaire. Ce projet de thèse consiste à étudier les mécanismes fonctionnels de certaines anomalies, génétiques ou acquises, aboutissant à la surcharge en ferIron is an essential element for many biological processes. Its homeostasis is maintained by a closed mechanism based on its absorption in the intestine, its usage by the erythroid precursors for hemoglobin production, and its recycling and storage in the liver and spleen macrophages. Iron metabolism is under the negative control of hepcidin, a small peptide mainly synthesized by the liver. Hepcidin inhibits the intestinal absorption of iron and its release from macrophages. The deregulation of iron balance leads to the appearance of multiple pathological situations. Indeed, iron deficiency is the most frequent cause of anemia which can be sideroblastic or not, and the excess of iron leads to hemochromatosis which may be either primary (hereditary) or secondary. This thesis project consists of studying the functional mechanisms of some abnormalities, inherited or acquired, resulting in iron overload
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Fai͏̈sse, Bruno. "Effets de l'ATP sur le tonus veineux chez l'homme : évaluation par pléthysmographie d'occlusion." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11126.
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Knust, Tobias [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Graumann. "Regulation of SMC by associate proteins and ATP = Regulation von SMC durch assoziierte Proteine und ATP." Freiburg : Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/112345888X/34.
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Kowalke, Julia Maria. "Chemosensitivitätstestung beim primären Mammakarzinom : individuelle Kreuzaktivität üblicher Chemotherapeutika ermittelt mit Hilfe des ATP-Tumorchemosensitivitätsassay (ATP-TCA) /." Köln, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000256392.
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Shanyour, Basim. "Testing and Security Considerations in Presence of Process Variations." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1804.
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Process variations is one of the most challenging phenomena in deep submicron. Delay fault testing becomes more complicated because gate delays are not fixed but instead, they are statistical quantities due to the variations in the transistor characteristics. On the other hand, testing for hardware Trojan is also challenging in the presence of process variations because it can easily mask the impact of the inserted Trojan. This work consists of two parts. In the first part, an approach to detect ultra-low-power no-payload Trojans by analyzing IDDT waveforms at each gate in the presence of process variations is presented. The approach uses a novel ATPG to insert a small number of current sensors to analyze the behavior of individual gates at the IDDT waveform. The second part focuses on identifying a test set that maximizes the defect coverage for path delay fault. The proposed approach utilizes Monte-Carlo simulation efficiently and uses a machine-learning algorithm to select a small test set with high detect coverage.
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Tyagi, Dhawal. "TENOR : an ATPG for transition faults in combinational circuits /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040525/.
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Ford, Gregory Fick. "Hardware Emulation of Sequential ATPG-Based Bounded Model Checking." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1384265165.
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Ho, Wei Meng. "Single molecule characterisation of ATP Synthase." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533849.
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Klinker, Henrike. "ATP-dependent nucleosome sliding by ISWI." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-180992.
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Bowers, Keith Cyril. "Pathophysiology of ATP in single cardiomyocytes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316576.
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Manning, Benjamin J. "ATP-Dependent Heterochromatin Remodeling: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2009. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/795.
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Eukaryotic DNA is incorporated into the nucleoprotein structure of chromatin. This structure is essential for the proper storage, maintenance, regulation, and function of the genomes’ constituent genes and genomic sequences. Importantly, cells generate discrete types of chromatin that impart distinct properties on genomic loci; euchromatin is an open and active compartment of the genome, and heterochromatin is a restricted and inactive compartment. Heterochromatin serves many purposes in vivo, from heritably silencing key gene loci during embryonic development, to preventing aberrant DNA repeat recombination. Despite this generally repressive role, the DNA contained within heterochromatin must still be repaired and replicated, creating a need for regulated dynamic access into silent heterochromatin. In this work, we discover and characterize activities that the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme SWI/SNF uses to disrupt repressive heterochromatin structure.
First, we find two specific physical interactions between the SWI/SNF core subunit Swi2p and the heterochromatin structural protein Sir3p. We find that disrupting these physical interactions results in a SWI/SNF complex that can hydrolyze ATP and slide nucleosomes like normal, but is defective in its ability to evict Sir3p off of heterochromatin. In vivo, we find that this Sir3p eviction activity is required for proper DNA replication, and for establishment of silent chromatin, but not for SWI/SNF’s traditional roles in transcription. These data establish new roles for ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling in regulating heterochromatin.
Second, we discover that SWI/SNF can disrupt heterochromatin structures that contain all three Sir proteins: Sir2p, Sir3p and Sir4p. This new disruption activity requires nucleosomal contacts that are essential for silent chromatin formation in vivo. We find that SWI/SNF evicts all three heterochromatin proteins off of chromatin. Surprisingly, we also find that the presence of Sir2p and Sir4p on chromatin stimulates SWI/SNF to evict histone proteins H2A and H2B from nucleosomes. Apart from discovering a new potential mechanism of heterochromatin dynamics, these data also establish a new paradigm of chromatin remodeling enzyme regulation by nonhistone proteins present on the substrate.
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Manning, Benjamin J. "ATP-Dependent Heterochromatin Remodeling: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2015. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/795.
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Eukaryotic DNA is incorporated into the nucleoprotein structure of chromatin. This structure is essential for the proper storage, maintenance, regulation, and function of the genomes’ constituent genes and genomic sequences. Importantly, cells generate discrete types of chromatin that impart distinct properties on genomic loci; euchromatin is an open and active compartment of the genome, and heterochromatin is a restricted and inactive compartment. Heterochromatin serves many purposes in vivo, from heritably silencing key gene loci during embryonic development, to preventing aberrant DNA repeat recombination. Despite this generally repressive role, the DNA contained within heterochromatin must still be repaired and replicated, creating a need for regulated dynamic access into silent heterochromatin. In this work, we discover and characterize activities that the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme SWI/SNF uses to disrupt repressive heterochromatin structure.
First, we find two specific physical interactions between the SWI/SNF core subunit Swi2p and the heterochromatin structural protein Sir3p. We find that disrupting these physical interactions results in a SWI/SNF complex that can hydrolyze ATP and slide nucleosomes like normal, but is defective in its ability to evict Sir3p off of heterochromatin. In vivo, we find that this Sir3p eviction activity is required for proper DNA replication, and for establishment of silent chromatin, but not for SWI/SNF’s traditional roles in transcription. These data establish new roles for ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling in regulating heterochromatin.
Second, we discover that SWI/SNF can disrupt heterochromatin structures that contain all three Sir proteins: Sir2p, Sir3p and Sir4p. This new disruption activity requires nucleosomal contacts that are essential for silent chromatin formation in vivo. We find that SWI/SNF evicts all three heterochromatin proteins off of chromatin. Surprisingly, we also find that the presence of Sir2p and Sir4p on chromatin stimulates SWI/SNF to evict histone proteins H2A and H2B from nucleosomes. Apart from discovering a new potential mechanism of heterochromatin dynamics, these data also establish a new paradigm of chromatin remodeling enzyme regulation by nonhistone proteins present on the substrate.
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Lange, Ulf. "Elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen an rekombinanten kardiovaskulären K ATP -Kanälen Effekte von Nukleotiden, neuartigen K ATP -Kanalöffnern und Blockern /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11947832.
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Kimura, Yasuhisa. "Analysis of ATP hydrolysis activities of ABC transporters involved in multidrug resistance and K[ATP] channel regulation." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/59289.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11833号
農博第1523号
新制||農||918(附属図書館)
学位論文||H17||N4082(農学部図書室)
UT51-2005-K499
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授 植田 和光, 教授 植田 充美, 教授 矢﨑 一史
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Gaeta, Juliana de Carvalho. "Densidade e distribuição espacial de lagostas espinhosas (Decapoda: Palinuridae) nas piscinas do Atol das Rocas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/11373.
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GAETA, J. de C. Densidade e distribuição espacial de lagostas espinhosas (Decapoda: Palinuridae) nas piscinas do Atol das Rocas. 2014. 60 f. Dissertação (mestrado em Ciências Marinhas Tropicais) - Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará,Fortaleza, 2014.Submitted by Nadsa Cid (nadsa@ufc.br) on 2015-04-15T16:54:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_jdecgaeta.pdf: 2139494 bytes, checksum: d75db770c3c1c7f286ab8294ee8679a0 (MD5)
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The loss of natural habitat due to increased human activity on ecosystems causes the degradation of the same, cause upsets and affects the balance of populations of organisms and thus is considered the main cause of the decline rate of species extinctions and population. Lobster populations have suffered a noticeable decline in recent decades due to overexploitation of its stocks offshore Brazil. A tool that is gaining more strength to preserve and restore degraded environments is the creation of protected areas. The Rocas Atoll was the first Marine Conservation Unit created in Brazil in 1979 with the aim to preserve and prevent further damage to biodiversity and scenic beauty within this environment. The data collections were held in april and october 2013 in the pools formed during low tide in the Rocas Atoll at daytime. Sampling was carried out through free diving (apnea) in which the researcher actively sought by lobsters in their refuges covering a total internal area of each sampled pool, measuring the time required for this procedure. Three species of lobsters Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804), Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869 e Parribacus antarticus (Lund, 1793) were found. P. echinatus was dominant on the other species and the abundance of this species was 0.02 lobsters/m². It is estimated that the maximum potential of lobsters that can occur in the pools sampled in Rocas Atoll is 6,603 lobsters of this species. Panulirus argus specie was found in low abundances and varied between 0,00035 and 0,001 lobsters/m² in the Rocas Atoll waters.The ecological data collected in situ in april adjust to the proposed model to evaluate lobsters populations, however, the data for october showed an undefined pattern and that does not fit the proposed model. More samples are needed to verify if some factor not measured may influence the application of the model. The Atol das Rocas acts as a concentrator of puerulus postlarvae, juveniles and adults lobsters due to the restriction imposed by the local bathymetry with near 4000 m depth and to the local current system. It is suggested that studies have to being conducted regarding the patterns of larval recruitment, patterns of locally ocean current and populations connectivity in Brazilian lobsters populations to assess whether Atol das Rocas is acting as exporter of lobster larvae, or just providing larvae to self-recruitment of these populations.
A perda do habitat natural devido ao aumento da atividade humana nos ecossistemas acarreta na degradação dos mesmos, causa descontroles e afeta o equilíbrio das populações de organismos e, portanto, é considerada a causa principal da taxa de declínio de espécies e extinções de populações. As populações de lagostas vêm sofrendo um declínio evidente nas últimas décadas devido à sobreexplotação de seus estoques na costa do Brasil. Uma ferramenta que vem ganhando cada vez mais força para preservar e recompor ambientes degradados é a criação de áreas protegidas. A Reserva Biológica do Atol das Rocas foi a primeira Unidade de Conservação marinha criada no Brasil em 1979 com a finalidade de preservar e evitar maiores danos à biodiversidade e beleza cênica que este ambiente apresenta. As coletas de dados foram realizadas em abril e outubro de 2013 nas piscinas que se formam na baixa-mar no Atol das Rocas durante o período diurno. A amostragem foi realizada através de mergulhos livres (apneia) nos quais era feita uma busca ativa pelas lagostas em seus refúgios percorrendo a área total interna de cada piscina amostrada, mensurando o tempo necessário para a coleta dos dados. Foram encontradas três espécies de lagostas Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804), Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869 e Parribacus antarticus (Lund, 1793). Houve dominância de P. echinatus sobre as demais espécies e a abundância desta espécie foi de 0,02 lagostas/m². Estima-se que o potencial máximo de lagostas que podem ocorrer nas piscinas amostradas do Atol das Rocas é de 6.603 lagostas desta espécie. A espécie P.argus ocorreu em baixas abundâncias variando entre 0,00035 e 0,001 lagostas/m² nas águas do Atol das Rocas. Os dados ecológicos coletados in situ no mês de abril se ajustaram ao modelo proposto neste trabalho para avaliar populações de lagostas, porém, os dados do mês de outubro apresentaram um padrão indefinido e que não se ajusta ao modelo. São necessárias mais mostragens para verificar se algum fator não mensurado no momento pode estar influenciando a aplicação do modelo. A Reserva Biológica do Atol das Rocas atua como concentrador de pós-larvas puerulus, juvenis e adultos de lagostas devido à restrição imposta pela batimetria com profundidades próximas de 4000 m e ao sistema de correntes local. Sugere-se que estudos sejam realizados a respeito dos padrões de recrutamento larval, das correntes oceânicas localmente e da conectividade de populações de lagostas no Brasil para avaliar se o Atol das Rocas está atuando como exportador de larvas de lagostas, ou apenas fornecendo larvas para o autorecrutamento dessas populações.
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Lenox, Joseph Daniel. "PARALLEL DELAY FAULT GRADING HEURISTIC AND TESTING APPROACHES TO TROJAN IC DETECTION." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1315.
Full textAbstract:
A method to perform implicit path delay fault grading on GPGPU architectures is presented. Experimentally it is shown that it is over 1200x faster than a single-core implicit path delay fault grading method previously in the literature for higher accuracy and can be shown to scale to multiple GPGPUs. A post-silicon test pattern generation strategy to maximize the efficiency of broadside tests applied to a sequential design for a limited test budget is presented. Arguments are made for this approach for detecting embedded Trojan ICs in the next-state functions of a sequential system; they are based on a model where long sequences of inputs that are applied to the system in the functional mode can detect if Trojan hardware is triggered with high probability. An efficient and scalable input generation algorithm for broadside tests is introduced and its performance on ISCAS'89 and ITC'99 benchmark circuits is evaluated. A design-for-authentication strategy is presented for the insertion of cells to efficiently partition the combinational core of a circuit to detect inserted Trojan ICs. It is shown that the approach, combined with pseudo-exhaustive test pattern generation, guarantees detection in certain circumstances.
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Samala, Keerthana. "Test Pattern Generation for Double Transition faults." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2374.
Full textAbstract:
Keerthana Samala, for the Master of Science degree in Electrical and Computer, presented on 05/11/2018, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: Test Pattern Generation for Double Transition Faults MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Spyros Tragoudas Under double transition fault model, a fault is associated with a pair of lines and a pair of transitions on these lines. The proposed double transition fault model includes set of cases where the increased delay of a single faulty line may be too small to cause the faulty behavior of the circuit. However, when this delay propagates through another faulty line then the total delay is assumed to be beyond the specified circuit delay which may cause the circuit to fail, thus causing a double transition fault. We propose a test generation procedure for double transition faults, considering different cases of the model. For this purpose a PODEM based Automatic Test Pattern Generation Tool was modified and used. We present experimental results of this procedure for several ISCAS '85 and ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits.
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Karunaratne, Maddumage Don Gamini. "An intelligent function level backward state justification search for ATPG." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184921.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation describes an innovative approach to the state justification portion of the sequential circuit automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) process. Given the absence of a stored fault an ATPG controller invokes some combinational circuit test generation procedure, such as the D-algorithm, to identify a circuit state (goal state) and input vectors that will sensitize a selected fault. The state justification phase then finds a transfer sequence to the goal from the present state. A forward fault propogation search can be successfully guided through state space from the present state but the forward justification search is less efficient and the failure rate is high. The backward function level search invokes inverse RTL level primitives and exploits easy movement of data vectors in structured VLSI circuits. Examples illustrated are in AHPL. This search is equally applicable to an RTL level subset of VHDL. Combinational logic units are treated as functions and the circuit states are partitioned into control states and data states. The search proceeds backwards over the control state space starting from the goal state node and data states are transformed according to the control flow. Vectorized data paths in VLSI circuits and search guiding heuristics which favor convenient inverse functions keep the number of search nodes low. Partial covers, conceptually similar to singular covers in D-algorithm, model the inverse functions of combinational logic units. The search successfully terminates when a child state node logically matches the present state and the present state values can satisfy all the constraints encountered along the search path.
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Chandrasekar, Kameshwar. "ATPG based Preimage Computation: Efficient Search Space Pruning using ZBDD." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34218.
Full textAbstract:
Preimage Computation is a fundamental step in Formal Verification of VLSI designs.
Conventional OBDD-based methods for Formal Verification suffer from spatial
explosion, since large designs can blow up in terms of memory. On the other hand,
SAT/ATPG based methods are less demanding on memory. But the run-time can be huge
for these methods, since they must explore an exponential search space. In order
to reduce this temporal explosion of SAT/ATPG based methods, efficient learning
techniques are needed. Conventional ATPG aims at computing a single solution for its objective. In preimage computation, we must enumerate all solutions for the target state during the search. Similar sub-problems often occur during preimage computation that can be identified by the internal state of the circuit. Therefore, it is highly desirable to learn from these search-states and avoid repeated search of identical solution/conflict subspaces, for better performance.
In this thesis, we present a new ZBDD based method to compactly store and efficiently
search previously explored search-states. We learn from these search-states and
avoid repeating subsets and supersets of previously encountered search spaces.
Both solution and conflict subspaces are pruned based on simple set operations
using ZBDDs. We integrate our techniques into a PODEM based ATPG engine and demonstrate
their efficiency on ISCAS '89 benchmark circuits. Experimental results show that upto
90% of the search-space is pruned due to the proposed techniques and we are able
to compute preimages for target states where a state-of-the-art technique fails.
Master of Science
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Qiu, Feng. "Regulation of Pannexin 1 Channels by ATP." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/394.
Full textAbstract:
Pannexins represent a recently discovered second family of gap junction proteins in vertebrates. However, instead of forming intercellular gap junction channels like connexins, pannexins operate as unpaired pannexons, allowing the flux of molecules from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space and vice versa. Pannexins appear to play a vital role in the local control loop of blood perfusion and oxygen delivery. The properties of Panx1 channels indicate that this protein is the most probable candidate for an ATP release channel and is involved in the propagation of intercellular calcium waves. It is also proposed to mediate the large pore formation of the P2X7 receptor death complex. Prolonged activation of this receptor can lead to cell death. There must be some mechanisms to stop this ATP-induced ATP release and opening of the lethal pore. Here we describe a negative feedback loop controlling pannexin 1 channel activity. ATP, permeant to pannexin 1 channels, was found to inhibit its permeation pathway when applied extracellularly. ATP analogues, including BzATP, suramine, and BBG were even more effective inhibitors of pannexin 1 currents than ATP. These compounds also attenuated the uptake of dyes by erythrocytes, which express pannexin 1. The rank order of the compounds in attenuation of pannexin 1 currents was similar to their binding affinities to the P2X7 receptor, except that receptor agonists and antagonists both were inhibitory to the channel. The ATP inhibitory effect is largely decreased when R75 on the first extracellular loop of Pannexin1 is mutated to alanine, strongly indicating that the ATP regulates this channel through binding. To further investigate the structural property of the ATP binding, we did alanine scanning mutagenesis of the extracellular loops and found that mutations on W74, S237, S240, I247 and L266 on the extracellular loops severely impair the BzATP inhibitory effect indicating that they might be direct binding partners for the ligands. Mutations on R75, S82, S93, L94, D241, S249, P259 and I267 have largely decreased BzATP sensitivity. Mutations on other residues didn't change the BzATP sensitivity compared to the wild type except for some nonfunctional mutants. All these data demonstrate that some amino acid residues on the extracellular loop of Pannexin 1 mediate ATP sensitivity. However, how these residues form the ATP-binding pocket remains to be elucidated.
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Bélanger, Danny. "Heterologous functional interactions of P2X ATP receptors." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81596.
Full textAbstract:
Part I. In this work we show that P2X3 currents are acutely modulated by the GPCRs mGluR5 and P2Y2, and by the neurotrophin TrkA receptor, expressed in nociceptors, in the recombinant Xenopus oocyte system. The intracellular C-terminal domain of P2X 3 plays an important role in its functional coupling to TrkA. Preliminary studies suggest a role for PKC in the P2X3-TrkA cross-talk, but other routes may also contribute. Part II. Neurogenic and pharmacological stimulation of vascular smooth muscle P2X1 elicits a contractile response that we found was potentiated by serotonin acting through 5HT2A. We also found in Xenopus oocytes that P2X 1 currents in the desensitized state are potentiated by M1 ACh receptors and by phorbol ester stimulation of PKC. Part III. We have shown in Boue-Grabot et al. (2003) that there was an intracellular negative cross-talk and physical interaction between P2X2 and 5HT3A receptors. We also found a functional interaction between P2X2 and GABAA alpha2beta 3 receptor subtypes in HEK293 mammalian cells and in Xenopus oocytes; and we confirmed the findings of Sokolova et al. , (2001) in primary cultures of DRG neurons. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Chabot-Doré, Anne-Julie. "Metabotropic regulation of ATP-gated P2X3 receptors." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101708.
Full textAbstract:
Among the ATP-gated channels, the P2X3 subtype is exclusively expressed in nociceptors of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia, where it plays a major role in enhanced pain sensation observed in chronic pain states. We tested the hypothesis that P2X3 receptors are modulated by metabotropic receptors, such as 5-HT2A, mG1uR5 and trkA, leading to increased P2X3-mediated currents. Double fluorescence labeling confirmed that P2X3-expressing neurons are labeled by the lectin IB4 and we showed that 5-HT2A and mGluR5 receptors, but not trkA, are expressed in a fraction of IB4-positive neurons. Using confocal microscopy, we examined the subcellular distribution of P2X3 and we observed that 5-HT induced a translocation of P2X3 labeling in a significant number of neurons. In Xenopus oocytes, we recorded a short-lasting and kinase-dependent potentiation of P2X3 currents by activation of co-expressed 5-HT2A and mGluR5 receptors. The data presented here show that both 5-HT2A and mG1uR5 are potential modulators of P2X3 receptors in a subset of nociceptors in DRG.