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Journal articles on the topic 'Atresia of the external auditory canal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Gupta Archit Gupta, Lipika. "A Case of External Auditory Canal Atresia." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 7 (2023): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23702160457.

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2

Anikin, I. A., N. N. Khamgushkeeva, A. D. Knyazev, and A. D. Mamedova. "Congenital cholesteatoma of the middle ear with total atresia of the external auditory canal: two cases report." Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology 90, no. 3 (2025): 73. https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20259003173.

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Congenital stenosis and atresia of the external auditory canal are the most common developmental anomalies of the external ear. Cases of combination of these malformations with cholesteatoma of the temporal bone have been repeatedly described in the world literature. This combined pathology is more typical of congenital stenosis of the external auditory canal. Total atresia of the external auditory canal is rarely associated with cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma found behind the atretic plate is classified as congenital, excluding other possible mechanisms of it’s formation. The article presents two clinical cases of a combination of congenital cholesteatoma and complete atresia of the external auditory canal: in an 8-year old girl and a 19-year old boy without the development of intratemporal and extratemporal complications.

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3

Anikin, I. A., N. N. Khamgushkeeva, A. D. Mamedova, and A. D. Knyazev. "Technique of surgical debridement of temporal bone cholesteatoma in congenital atresia of the external auditory canal." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 22, no. 5 (2023): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-5-85-90.

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This article presents a technique of surgical debridement of temporal bone cholesteatoma in congenital atresia of the external auditory canal and a description of a clinical case. In the presence of congenital atresia of the external auditory canal with cholesteatoma, surgical treatment with posterior transcortical access is most often performed with the formation of a large trephined cavity, followed by myringoplasty and, if necessary, ossiculoplasty. We have described a clinical case of surgical treatment of congenital atresia of the external auditory canal by the type of separate atticoanthromastoidotomy with myringoplasty and formation of the external auditory canal with simultaneous rehabilitation of temporal bone cholesteatoma. This method allows performing cholesteatoma surgery in congenital atresia of the external auditory canal with the formation of the canal of the external auditory canal, while maintaining the spatial ratio of all its walls. This reduces the risk of developing restenosis of the external auditory canal and improves the patient’s hearing.

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4

Evans, Michel A., Eric M. Sugihara, and Eleanor Y. Chan. "Acquired External Auditory Canal Atresia." Otology & Neurotology 38, no. 8 (2017): 1149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0000000000001487.

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5

McKennan, Kevin X., and Richard A. Chole. "TRAUMATIC EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL ATRESIA." Otology & Neurotology 13, no. 1 (1992): 80???81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00129492-199201000-00017.

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6

Anikin, I. A., N. N. Khamgushkeeva, S. A. Eremin, A. D. Mamedova, and A. D. Knyazev. "Keloid scar as a complication after canaloplasty for congenital atresia of the external auditory canal. A clinical case." Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology 90, no. 3 (2025): 79. https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20259003179.

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This article presents a clinical case of keloid scar removal after canaloplasty for congenital atresia of the external auditory canal. The interest of this clinical case lies in the rare occurrence of a keloid scar of the external auditory canal, leading to its total obturation. Scarring processes in the external auditory canal are an important problem that significantly affects the hearing of patients. Acquired fibrous atresia is represented by a conglomerate of soft tissues in the bony part of the external auditory canal, soldered to the outer surface of the eardrum. Keloid is an excessive growth of scar tissue in the dermis and underlying tissues with hyalinosis of bundles of collagen fibers. We described the surgical treatment of a keloid scar that appeared 11 months after the canaloplasty for congenital atresia of the external auditory canal. Previously, the patient underwent two local injections with an interval of 1 month into the anterior and posterior sections of the keloid scar of the prolonged glucocorticosteroid Triamcinolone in order to reduce the size of the pathological tissue. After removal of the keloid scar, totally obstructing the external auditory canal, the patient noted an improvement in hearing with a decrease in bone-air gap by 25 dB compared with the preoperative study.

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7

Murphy, Terrence R., Fernando Burstein, and Steven Cohen. "Management of Congenital Atresia of the External Auditory Canal." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 116, no. 6 (1997): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(97)70231-6.

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The management of a unilateral congenital atresia of the external auditory canal is nonuniform and debated. Various surgical approaches, timing, coordination with microtia repair, and variable hearing improvements all contribute to the debate regarding management of this entity. This paper outlines our craniofacial team approach to the congenital unilateral atresia and microtia in children. Selection criteria, timing of repair, coordination with microtia repair, surgical results, and pitfalls will be discussed. The results of surgery in 16 patients with unilateral congenital atresia of the external auditory canal and 2 children with bilateral atresia will be presented. Repair of the atresia was undertaken in children 5 years or older who had pneumatized mastoids and middle ears. Replacement of the malleus/incus complex with a partial ossicular reconstruction prosthesis improved closure of the air-bone gap. Drawbacks included meatal stenosis and deepithelization of the split thickness skin graft lining the external auditory canal. Repair of the unilateral congenital atresia is a demanding and challenging problem but one in which excellent results are achievable.

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8

Kim, Soon-Joon, Jae Hyun Kim, and Joong Keun Kwon. "Acquired Atresia of External Auditory Canal Associated With Synovial Chondromatosis of the Temporomandibular Joint." Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 65, no. 6 (2022): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2021.01039.

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Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a rare disease involving long bones, rarely affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It can manifest as preauricular swelling, pain, and joint dysfunction. This report represents the case of acquired atresia of external auditory canal in association with SC of TMJ. Active evaluation and treatment of TMJ pathology seem essential when addressing the acquired atresia of external auditory canal.

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9

Machalov, A. S., A. V. Balakina, E. I. Zelikovich, L. V. Toropchina, M. V. Bazanova, and E. I. Nayandina. "Congenital single sided anomaly of the external auditory canal." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 22, no. 4 (2023): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2023-4-93-100.

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The main types of congenital pathology of the external and middle ear are microtia and atresia/stenosis of the external auditory canal. However, isolated cases of atresia/stenosis of the external auditory canal in combination with normal size and shape of the ear canal are quite rare. The article describes a clinical case of a child during the first year of life with congenital stenosis of the external auditory canal in combination with an anomaly of the development of the auditory ossicles, which was observed for 6 months. The results of extended audiological examination showed an increase in the hearing threshold on the left due to conductive hearing loss. In the case of the patient described in the article, a decision was made to use a wait-and-see approach for the child: dynamic observation by a deafness specialist otolaryngologist no less than once every 6 months.

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10

la Cruz, Antonio De, Fred H. Linthicum, and William M. Luxford. "CONGENITAL ATRESIA OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL." Laryngoscope 95, no. 4 (1985): 421???427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-198504000-00010.

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11

Dhooge, Ingeborg, Marieke D’hoop, David Loose, and Frederic Acke. "Acquired Atresia of the External Auditory Canal." Otology & Neurotology 35, no. 7 (2014): 1196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0000000000000317.

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12

Deguine, Christian, and Jack L. Pulec. "Congenital Atresia of the External Auditory Canal." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 78, no. 8 (1999): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139907800802.

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13

Grundfast, Kenneth M., and Felizardo Camilon. "External Auditory Canal Stenosis and Partial Atresia without Associated Anomalies." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 95, no. 5 (1986): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948609500512.

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Unilateral or bilateral ear canal stenosis or atresia occurring without microtia or associated anomalies may go undetected during early childhood. Summaries of ten cases illustrate difficulties in making early diagnoses. An unusual case of inherited isolated bilateral external canal atresia occurring in a mother and daughter is included. Potential pitfalls in diagnosis and management are discussed.

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14

Ochilzoda, A. A., A. O. Karimov, and N. A. Ochilzoda. "Case report of rare congenital malformations of the nasal cavity, pharynx and ear in combination with a malformation of the visual organ on the example of a child, born from parents in a relative marriage." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 19, no. 5 (2020): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2020-5-113-115.

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The authors present a case of congenital malformations of ENT organs in children, multiple congenital malformations of the nasal cavity, pharynx, ear and eyes (double tongue of the pharynx, atresia of the chianti on the left, atresia of the external auditory canal on the left, microphthalmia on the left) and congenital bilateral deafness. The peculiarity of this observation is the rarity of cases of many congenital defects of the ENT organs: doubled tongue of the pharynx, atresia of the choana on the left, atresia of the external auditory canal on the left, congenital bilateral deafness, in the combination of the organ of vision – the eye: microphthalmia on the left in a child who has a history of kinship of parents.

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15

CAINE, ABBY R., MIKE E. HERRTAGE, and JANE F. LADLOW. "IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—EAR CANAL DISTENSION FOLLOWING EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL ATRESIA." Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 49, no. 3 (2008): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.00363.x.

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16

Madzharova, K., and A. Beshkova. "A Case of Familial External Auditory Canal Atresia." International Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology 18, no. 2 (2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/orl.v18i2.8769.

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17

Anwer, Cona, Tobias Schwarz, Susan W. Volk, and Charles Vite. "BAER Testing in a Dog with Bilateral External Ear Canal Atresia." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 47, no. 5 (2011): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-5545.

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A 3 yr old male castrated Labrador retriever presented for evaluation and treatment of bilateral atresia of the external ear canals. The owners reported that the dog could hear only loud and high-pitched noises. Computed tomography of the head revealed intact vertical and horizontal ear canals filled with debris and a debris-filled right tympanic bulla. Air- and bone-conducted brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) testing revealed an elevated response threshold to air-conducted stimuli and greater amplitude waveforms evoked by bone-conducted stimuli. The ear canals were surgically corrected via lateral ear canal resection. BAER testing postoperatively revealed a decrease in the air-conducted BAER threshold. This case is an example of the use of bone-conducted BAER testing to aid in the diagnosis of conductive deafness, and in determining prognosis for normal hearing after surgical treatment of external ear canal atresia.

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18

Jacobsen, Nicola, and Robert Mills. "Management of stenosis and acquired atresia of the external auditory meatus." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 120, no. 4 (2006): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215106000272.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the aetiology of acquired atresia and stenosis of the external auditory meatus and to present our results for surgical management. Over an 18-year period (from 1986 to 2004), data were collected prospectively from patient cohorts in Dundee and Edinburgh. Stenosis of the auditory meatus was due to chronic otitis externa in 64 per cent of cases, compared with 37 per cent of cases with acquired atresia; the latter had instead a history of chronic suppurative otitis media in 43 per cent. Surgical treatment of canal stenosis with meatoplasty alone achieved a widely patent ear canal in 80 per cent of cases, with 78 per cent of ears remaining free of discharge. Cases of acquired atresia treated with simple surgical excision of the soft tissue plug experienced a 100 per cent failure rate. The additional use of a split skin graft achieved a patent meatus in 70 per cent of cases, with hearing improvement in 79 per cent. However, the ear canal remained unstable and late recurrence was observed.

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19

Blevins, Nikolas H., Seema V. Byahatti, and Collin S. Karmody. "External auditory canal duplication anomalies associated with congenital aural atresia." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 117, no. 1 (2003): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221503321046612.

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Maldevelopment of the first branchial cleft can produce a broad spectrum of anomalies in its derivative structure, the external auditory canal (EAC). Failure of the cleft to develop normally can result in either the absence of a normally patent EAC (atresia, or stenosis) or a duplication anomaly (cyst, sinus, or fistula). Despite their common origins, the coexistence of these anatomical abnormalities is quite unusual. We present four patients with both aural atresia and duplication anomalies of the EAC. Three patients had non-syndromic unilateral aural atresia and presented with periauricular lesions originating from the first branchial cleft. The other patient had a variant of Treacher Collins syndrome and presented with draining infra-auricular fistulae.The classification and management of first branchial cleft anomalies is reviewed in light of these cases. An understanding of the embryogenesis of the external ear is necessary to successfully recognize and treat this spectrum of deformities. A classification system is presented that encompasses the full spectrum of first cleft anomalies.

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20

Coomer, Alastair R., and Nick Bacon. "Primary anastomosis of segmental external auditory canal atresia in a cat." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 11, no. 10 (2009): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.02.010.

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External auditory canal atresia (EACA) may arise as a congenital deformity, or as sequel to external auditory canal trauma. Diagnosis of EACA was made in this 3-year-old cat by video otoscopy and computed tomography. Successful treatment of congenital segmental EACA was achieved, using end-to-end anastomosis. Primary anastomosis should be considered for treatment of both acute and chronic separation of the annular and auricular cartilages, as well as congenital EACA in the cat.

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21

Gautam, R., J. Kumar, G. S. Pradhan, J. C. Passey, R. Meher, and A. Mehndiratta. "High-resolution computed tomography evaluation of congenital aural atresia – how useful is this?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 134, no. 7 (2020): 610–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221512000136x.

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AbstractObjectiveTo depict various temporal bone abnormalities on high-resolution computed tomography in congenital aural atresia patients, and correlate these findings with auditory function test results and microtia subgroup.MethodsForty patients (56 ears) with congenital malformation of the auricle and/or external auditory canal were evaluated. Auricles were graded according to Marx's classification, divided into subgroups of minor (grades I and II) and major (III and IV) microtia. Other associated anomalies of the external auditory canal, tympanic cavity, ossicular status, oval and round windows, facial nerve, and inner ear were evaluated.ResultsMinor and major microtia were observed in 53.6 and 46.4 per cent of ears respectively. Mean hearing levels were 62.47 and 62.37 dB respectively (p = 0.98). The malleus was the most commonly dysplastic ossicle (73.3 vs 80.8 per cent of ears respectively, p = 0.53). Facial nerve (mastoid segment) abnormalities were associated (p = 0.04) with microtia subgroup (80 vs 100 per cent in minor vs major subgroups).ConclusionMicrotia grade was not significantly associated with mean hearing levels or other ear malformations, except for external auditory canal and facial nerve (mastoid segment) anomalies. High-resolution computed tomography is essential in congenital aural atresia, before management strategy is decided.

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22

Bajin, Munir Demir, Taner Yilmaz, Riza Onder Gunaydin, Oguz Kuscu, Tevfik Sozen, and Shamkal Jafarov. "Management of Acquired Atresia of the External Auditory Canal." Journal of International Advanced Otology 11, no. 2 (2015): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/iao.2015.461.

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23

Kmeid, Michel, and Jade Nehme. "Post-inflammatory acquired atresia of the external auditory canal." Journal of Otology 14, no. 4 (2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joto.2019.07.002.

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Denoyelle, F., N. Leboulanger, D. Philippon, N. Loundon, and E. N. Garabédian. "Canalplasty for congenital atresia of the external auditory canal." European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 130, no. 6 (2013): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2012.12.003.

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25

Bedwell, Joshua, Sudeep Roy, Ana Kim, Christopher Linstrom, and Simon Parisier. "Novel Method of External Auditory Canal Atresia/Stenosis Repair." Laryngoscope 120, S3 (2010): S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.21255.

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26

Kucharski, Andrzej, Monika Zaborek-Łyczba, and Marcin Szymański. "External auditory canal cholesteatoma – diagnosis and management." Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny 12, no. 4 (2023): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.0852.

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<b><br>Introduction:</b> External auditory canal cholesteatoma is a rare disease. The incidence is estimated at 1 in 1,000 patients with ear diseases. The most common symptoms are discharge from the ear, hearing loss, ear pain or inflammation of the ear canal.</br> <b><br>Aim:</b> The aim of the study is to present the course of the disease, the diagnostic process, differentiation and treatment of patients with cholesteatoma of the external acoustic canal.</br> <b><br>Material and methods:</b> The available literature on the differentiation of lesions of the external auditory canal was analyzed and the results of treatment of 13 patients: 7 women and 6 men, aged 20–72 years old, operated on at the Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Lublin in the years 2017–2023 due to cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal were presented.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> The main clinical features differentiating pathologies of the external auditory canal were presented. All patients reported recurrent ear discharge and 9 patients had mild or moderate pain. Additionally, 4 patients had conductive hearing loss and 1 patient suffered from facial nerve paresis. In 4 patients endaural approach was performed. In 9 patients, a postauricular approach was used, of which 2 underwent canaloplasty and 5 closed antromastoidectomy. Two patients required a canal wall down technique. No postoperative complications or cholesteatoma recurrence were observed in the study group. None of the patients required reoperation.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> The differential diagnosis of lesions of the auditory canal should include diseases such as keratosis obstructiva, benign idiopathic osteonecrosis of the external auditory canal, necrotizing otitis externa, atresia of the external auditory canal, granulation otitis externa, lesions after radiotherapy of tumors of the ear and nasopharynx, and tumors of the temporal bone. External auditory canal cholesteatoma should be treated surgically. The type of surgery and the choice of surgical approach depend on the location and extent of the disease. With appropriate surgical technique, treatment effects and prognosis are good.</br>

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Yuli Tetriana Sari and Delfitri Munir. "Management of Congenital Aural Atresia : A Case Report." Sumatera Medical Journal 2, no. 3 (2019): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/sumej.v2i3.1263.

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Congenital Aural Atresia (CAA) is the failure of development of the external auditory canal. It usually occurs in conjunction with microtia, which is malformation of the auricle due to the failure of development of the external ear. The evaluation and treatment of aural atresia present a number of challenges to the otologic surgeon. Computed tomography also plays a pivotal role in planning the surgery and grading the outcome of the surgery in congenital aural atresia. We report a case of unilateral congenital aural atresia and microtia and did a canalplasty and tympanoplasty in this patient.

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28

Mattox, Douglas E., and Ugo Fisch. "Surgical Correction of Congenital Atresia of the Ear." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 94, no. 5 (1986): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988609400507.

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Severe congenital atresia of the ear often requires—or indicates the need for—reconstructive surgery. We have developed a new technique for reconstruction of the external auditory canal. What follows is description of this technique and the results of its implementation.

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Mattox, Douglas E., and Ugo Fisch. "Surgical Correction of Congenital Atresia of the Ear." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 94, no. 6 (1986): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988609400607.

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Severe congenital atresia of the ear often requires—or indicates the need for—reconstructive surgery. We have developed a new technique for reconstruction of the external auditory canal. What follows is description of this technique and the results of its implementation.

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30

Guo, Yanan, Minfei Qian, Jiping Li, Ji Xu, Hao Chen, and Hua Zhang. "Clinical Analysis of 85 Cases of External Auditory Canal Cholesteatoma Surgery under Specialized Endoscopy." BioMed Research International 2022 (October 5, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9190241.

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Objective. To investigate the clinical characteristics, surgical experience, and surgical outcomes of external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) surgery under endoscopic otolaryngoscopy. Methods. A retrospective analysis of 85 EACC cases admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, from January 2016 to February 2021 was performed, followed by retrospective analysis of clinical data to explore the feasibility and clinical characteristics of all-oral endoscopic EACC surgery. A total of 85 EACC patients (90 ears) with a mean age of 49.93 ± 14.87 years were included in the study. According to Udayabhanu staging, 43 ears (47.78%) were stage I, 40 ears (44.44%) were stage II, and 7 ears (7.78%) were stage III. All patients underwent transendoscopic surgery. Results. 79 ears (87.78%) underwent endoscopic EACC resection alone (+external auditory canal tumor resection/tympanostomy tube insertion), 9 ears (10%) underwent endoscopic EACC resection+tympanostomy+tympanoplasty, 1 ear (1.11%) underwent endoscopic EACC resection+tympanoplasty, and 2 ears (2.22%) underwent EACC resection+otolaryngotomy+tympanoplasty+auditory chain reconstruction endoscopically. Of these, 7 ears (7.78%) underwent auricular cartilage-chondroplasty and 2 ears (2.22%) underwent auricular cartilage membrane repair. All patients were reviewed at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. One patient with stage II external auditory atresia had a recurrence after 6 months and underwent endoscopic ear surgery (ESS) again. One patient with stage 2 atresia recurred after 1 year and again underwent endoscopic ear surgery. The rest of the patients recovered well after the surgery, and the grafts healed well. Conclusion. EACC surgery through the external ear canal under a dedicated endoscope is a safe, reliable, and effective method. Patients with stage I and II external auditory canal cholesteatoma surgery under endoscopy have a rapid postoperative recovery with significant hearing improvement, and stage IIIA patients can also achieve good results under strict evaluation of indications.

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Kim, Ah Reum, Dongbin Lee, Jae-Hoon Lee, et al. "External Auditory Canal Atresia with Otitis Media in a Dog." Journal of Veterinary Clinics 38, no. 3 (2021): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17555/jvc.2021.38.3.159.

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32

Molony, Timothy B., and Antonio De La Cruz. "Surgical Approaches to Congenital Atresia of the External Auditory Canal." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 103, no. 6 (1990): 991–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989010300618.

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33

Droessaert, Valerie, Robby Vanspauwen, Erwin Offeciers, Andrzej Zarowski, Joost Dinther, and Thomas Somers. "Surgical Treatment of Acquired Atresia of the External Auditory Ear Canal." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 21, no. 04 (2017): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598604.

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Introduction Acquired atresia of the external auditory canal is characterized by the formation of fibrous tissue in the medial part. The causes include chronic otitis externa, perforated chronic otitis media, postoperative or idiopathic healing problems. Acquired atresia presents with hearing loss and can be associated with otorrhea. Objective We analyzed the results of surgery after six months and two years by checking (1) pre- and postoperative hearing thresholds; (2) presence of otorrhea; and (3) whether a dry and patent ear canal is achieved. Methods We conducted this retrospective study at a tertiary referral center. In total, 27 ears underwent treatment with resection of the fibrotic plug followed by transplantation of a split-thickness skin graft covering the bare bone and tympanic membrane. When necessary, we combined this with a myringoplasty and a (meato-) canalplasty. Results Otorrhea was present in 59.3% of the patients initially and in 14.8% at six months and 11% at two years postoperative. A dry and patent ear canal was obtained in 55.6% after six months and in 89% of the patients after two years (n = 27). The pure tone average before surgery was 39.1 dBHL (SD = 20 dBHL), at six months 31.4 dBHL (SD = 16.4 dBHL), and at 24 months postop 30.9 dBHL (SD = 17.1 dBHL). We observed a statistically significant improvement of hearing in 63% of the patients at six months (p = 0.005) and in 65% after two years (p = 0.022). Conclusions Treatment of acquired atresia remains a challenge. Using the appropriate surgical technique, including skin-grafting and regular postoperative check-up, rendered excellent results regarding otorrhea and a moderate improvement of hearing was achieved in 65% of the patients after two years.

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Lo, Jacky F. W., Willis S. S. Tsang, Joannie Y. K. Yu, Osan Y. M. Ho, Peter K. M. Ku, and Michael C. F. Tong. "Contemporary Hearing Rehabilitation Options in Patients with Aural Atresia." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/761579.

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Congenital aural atresia is the failure of development of the external auditory canal. It usually occurs in conjunction with microtia, which is the malformation of the auricle due to a failure of development of the external ear. Aural atresia, with or without microtia, may significantly affect the hearing and social life of the patients. It is important for every medical practitioner to be aware of the possible treatment options for hearing rehabilitation in this group of patients. In the era of modern technology, new choices, including Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA) (Cochlear Ltd. and Oticon Medical), Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria), and Bonebridge system (BB) (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria), provide high-end alternatives to traditional Bone Conduction Hearing Aid and Auditory Canal Reconstruction. All these options have advantages and disadvantages, and they are appropriate for different patients and/or at different ages. This paper aims to provide an overview of the management of hearing rehabilitation in congenital aural atresia patients and a discussion of each treatment option.

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Magliulo, Giuseppe. "Acquired Atresia of the External Auditory Canal: Recurrence and Long-Term Results." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 118, no. 5 (2009): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940911800505.

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Objectives: I describe the clinical symptoms and signs of acquired atresia of the external auditory canal (EAC) and the technique used to manage it. Methods: Forty-one consecutive patients affected by acquired atresia of the EAC were assessed by otoscopy, pure tone audiometry, computed tomography, and traditional and echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The anatomic and functional hearing results were evaluated. Results: At surgery for acquired atresia of the EAC, an EAC cholesteatoma was found in 3 of the 41 patients. Twenty-three of the 41 patients were followed for at least 5 years. Recurrence was seen in 9 of the 25 ears (36%) over the entire period of observation. Twenty-one, 23, and 22 of the patients had a normal or nearly normal contour and size of the ear canal at 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years, respectively. The results were similar for the air-bone gap. Conclusions: The main complication following surgery was recurrence. There was recurrence at 6 months in 4 patients (16%). Recurrence was seen in 12% of the cases at the 5-year follow-up. Similar findings were clear on evaluation of the hearing results. This result demonstrates that the surgical procedure, even when performed correctly, did not afford a stable, long-lasting outcome in a cohort of patients.

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Diab, Kh M., N. A. Daikhes, D. S. Kondratchikov, A. S. Korobkin, and O. A. Pashchinina. "Structure features of the temporal bone in patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia of the external auditory canal." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 19, no. 5 (2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2020-5-51-56.

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Objective: Comparative analysis of the structure of the external auditory canal (EAC) according to computed tomography (CT) scans of the temporal bones in patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia of the EAC and patients with safe chronic suppurative otitis media (SCSOM) without atresia. Patients and methods: 42 patients (43 ears) with acquired post-inflammatory atresia of the EAC and 11 patients (22 ears) with bilateral SCSOM without acquired atresia were included in the study. Based on the original axial СT images and multi-planar reformation images were measured: thickness of the anterior wall in bony part of EAC; anterior tympanomeatal angle and the distance from the lateral process of the malleus to the anterior wall of an EAC; lumen of the EAC in front of the tympanic sulcus. Results: The lumen of the bone part of the EAC in patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia is 17,0% less than in patients with SCSOM without atresia; patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia have a more acute anterior tympanomeatal angle (33° versus 68°) than patients with SCSOM without atresia. The thickness of the anterior wall of the EAC in the bone part in patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia of the EAC does not statistically differ from the analogous parameter in patients with SCSOM without atresia. Conclusion: The revealed results indirectly indicate the presence of certain features of the structure of the external ear in patients with acquired post-inflammatory atresia of the EAC such as narrower anterior tympanomeatal angle and lumen of the bone part. These features of the EAC structure may contribute to the more likely development of post-inflammatory atresia development.

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Gassner, Eva Maria, Ammar Mallouhi, and Werner R. Jaschke. "Preoperative Evaluation of External Auditory Canal Atresia on High-Resolution CT." American Journal of Roentgenology 182, no. 5 (2004): 1305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.182.5.1821305.

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Lee, Dong Hoon, Bum Soo Kim, So Lyung Jung, et al. "Congenital External Auditory Canal Atresia and Stenosis: Temporal Bone CT Findings." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 46, no. 4 (2002): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.2002.46.4.315.

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Murphy, Terrence P., Fernando Burstein, and Steven Cohen. "Management of a Unilateral Congenital Atresia of the External Auditory Canal." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 113, no. 2 (1995): P155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(05)80862-9.

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Dolenšek, Janez, Erika Cvetko, Žiga Snoj, and Marija Meznaric. "Complete occipitalization of the atlas with bilateral external auditory canal atresia." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 39, no. 9 (2017): 1053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-017-1826-y.

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Tsou, Yung-An, Kian-Yong Than, and Tzong-Shiun Li. "Using nasopharyngeal tube to stent external auditory canal in atresia repair." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 67, no. 5 (2014): e144-e145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2014.01.004.

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Schmidt, K., T. Piaia, G. Bertolini, and D. De Lorenzi. "External auditory canal atresia of probable congenital origin in a dog." Journal of Small Animal Practice 48, no. 4 (2007): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00241.x.

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Cremers, W. R. J., and J. H. J. M. Smeets. "Acquired Atresia of the External Auditory Canal: Surgical Treatment and Results." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 119, no. 2 (1993): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1993.01880140044007.

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Zheng-Min, Xu. "Air-And Bone-Conduction Auditory Brainstem Response in Children with Congenital External Auditory Canal Atresia." Archives of Otolaryngology and Rhinology 1, no. 2 (2015): 034–36. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-1759.000006.

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<strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to determine the clinical value of air- and bone-conduction auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) in children with congenital external auditory canal atresia (EACA). <strong> Methods:</strong> Air- and bone-conduction click-evoked ABRs in 38 children having congenital EACA were compared with 34 children having normal hearing. <strong> Results:</strong> ABR threshold for air and bone conduction were 66.53 ± 7.12 and 12.55 ± 6.96 dBnHL, respectively, in children with congenital EACA, as well as 25.32 ± 2.66 and 10.71 ± 4.51 dBnHL, respectively, in children with normal hearing. The two groups showed statistical difference in air-conduction ABR thresholds. Meanwhile, air–bone ABR threshold gap was greater in children with EACA than in children with normal hearing, and bone-conduction ABR wave latencies did not statistically differ between the two groups.

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Kumar, A., and K. Santosh. "Post Inflammatory Medial Canal Fibrosis: A Case Report." Nepalese Journal of Radiology 2, no. 2 (2013): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7689.

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Medial canal fibrosis is an interesting type of acquired meatal atresia that is characterized by formation of a solid core of fibrous tissue in the medial part of the external auditory meatus abutting the tympanic membrane. A review of the literature showed that many different terms have been used interchangeably to report the same or similar condition. This is a case of medial canal fibrosis being reported to emphasize the importance in diagnosing this rare but easily treatable disease. A 16 yrs old female presented with bilateral conductive hearing loss & history of recurrent rhinitis & sinusitis. CT Temporal bone showed soft tissue density lesions in bilateral bony EAC (External auditory canal) with no bony erosion & normal middle ear. A diagnosis of Medial canal fibrosis was given. The patient was operated & biopsy of the specimen came out to be inflammatory granulation tissue. Nepalese Journal of Radiology; Vol. 2; Issue 2; July-Dec. 2012; 69-71 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v2i2.7689

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Sando, Isamu, and Minoru Ikeda. "Temporal Bone Histopathologic Findings in Oculoauriculovertebral Dysplasia." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 95, no. 4 (1986): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948609500414.

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The right temporal bone of a 6-month-old patient with oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia (Goldenhar's syndrome) was examined histopathologically. The most striking abnormalities were deformity of the auricle, atresia of the external auditory canal, severe malformation of middle ear structures, and incomplete development of the oval window. No inner ear abnormalities were identified in this case.

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Anikin, I. A., S. A. Eremin, and A. E. Shinkareva. "Method for the prevention of inflammatory processes in the bone part of the external auditory canal accompanied by the growth of connective tissue." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 19, no. 4 (2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2020-4-21-26.

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Otosurgery plays an important role in the rehabilitation of patients with hearing loss. Any operation can be accompanied by a long inflammatory process with excessive development of connective tissue, forming atresia or stenosis of the external auditory canal. Formed scars in the external auditory canal reduce the effectiveness of treatment and can lead to reoperation. In the treatment of scars, the use of injections of a suspension of prolonged steroids directly into the developing connective tissue is effective. We have developed a method of injecting drugs into the scar tissue of the bone section of the external auditory canal, which allows the use of such therapy in patients after otosurgery. 12 people were treated with the proposed technique. All patients had an inflammatory process in the external auditory canal with undesirable growth of connective tissue. Previous local therapy did not bring a satisfactory result. Patients received injections of a suspension of steroids into developing scar tissue. The treatment period was 1-8 weeks, for which 1 to 4 sessions of injections were performed. As a result of treatment according to the developed method, in all cases a cessation of the pathological inflammatory process was observed. Timely therapy made it possible to completely eliminate the excess granulation tissue (100%), to stop the growth of the scar, or even to cause a significant decrease (33%). The developed method allows to use of a small dose of a substance (0,1–0,5 ml) for injection to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.

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Dhingra, Preeti, Christopher de Souza, and Kamal Parsram. "Nasal polyposis with dextrocardia, pulmonary agenesis and microtia: Goldenhar syndrome - a case report." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 3 (2020): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20200640.

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<p class="abstract">Its a case report of, Goldenhar syndrome (GS), a rare syndrome with right ear microtia, atresia of the external auditory canal, nasal polyposis, pulmonary agenesis, spine abnormalities and dextrocardia. This case, has showed the involvement of nose in the form of nasal polyposis in GS, which has never been reported in the literature so far.</p>

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Kanagamuthu, Priya, TDinesh Kumar, Gunakeerthana Ramesh, and Rajasekaran Srinivasan. "Congenital atresia of external auditory canal with choristoma: A rare case report." Indian Journal of Otology 28, no. 1 (2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_180_21.

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Stultiens, Joost J. A., Patrick L. M. Huygen, Anne M. M. Oonk, et al. "Hearing Results of Surgery for Acquired Atresia of the External Auditory Canal." Otology & Neurotology 40 (June 2019): S43—S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0000000000002209.

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