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Journal articles on the topic 'Atrox'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Turci, Luiz Carlos Batista, Saymon de Albuquerque, Paulo Sérgio Bernarde, and Daniele Bazzo Miranda. "Uso do hábitat, atividade e comportamento de Bothriopsis bilineatus e de Bothrops atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae) na floresta do Rio Moa, Acre, Brasil." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 3 (2009): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032009000300020.

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As serpentes Bothriopsis bilineatus e Bothrops atrox são viperídeos simpátricos na Amazônia, sendo B. atrox comum e B. bilineatus mais rara. Ambas espécies apresentam uma dieta generalista, sendo que B. atrox forrageia principalmente sobre o chão e B. bilineatus é mais arborícola. Aqui, nós descrevemos o uso do habitat e padrão de atividade dessas duas serpentes em uma floresta amazônica no Rio Moa, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. Esse estudo foi baseado em observações durante procura visual limitada por tempo e encontros ocasionais de serpentes em uma trilha que é sazonalmente alagada e outra de flore

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2

Churcher, C. S. "Dental functional morphology in the marsupial sabre-tooth Thylacosmilus atrox (Thylacosmilidae) compared to that of the felid sabre-tooths." Australian Mammalogy 8, no. 4 (1985): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am85020.

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The South American Middle to Late Pliocene fauna of Argentina included the borhyaenid marsupials Thylacosmilus atrox and Notosmilus pattersoni, the latter known only from a single Late Pliocene occurrence. Thylacosmilus atrox has been interpreted as a marsupial with a carnivorous specialisation convergent on the fissipede and machairodont sabre-tooths of Eurasia, Africa and North America. Thylacosmilus atrox superficially resembles placental sabre-tooths in general conformation but also shows remarkable divergences, some of which are attributable to its marsupial ancestry.

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M. Janis, Christine, Borja Figueirido, Larisa DeSantis, and Stephan Lautenschlager. "An eye for a tooth: Thylacosmilus was not a marsupial “saber-tooth predator”." PeerJ 8 (June 26, 2020): e9346. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9346.

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Background Saber-toothed mammals, now all extinct, were cats or “cat-like” forms with enlarged, blade-like upper canines, proposed as specialists in taking large prey. During the last 66 Ma, the saber-tooth ecomorph has evolved convergently at least in five different mammalian lineages across both marsupials and placentals. Indeed, Thylacosmilus atrox, the so-called “marsupial saber-tooth,” is often considered as a classic example of convergence with placental saber-tooth cats such as Smilodon fatalis. However, despite its superficial similarity to saber-toothed placentals, T. atrox lacks many

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Coelho, Kerolaine Fonseca, Juliana Costa Ferreira Neves, Hiochelson Najibe Santos Ibiapina, et al. "Exploring the Profile of Cell Populations and Soluble Immunological Mediators in Bothrops atrox Envenomations." Toxins 15, no. 3 (2023): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030196.

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Bothrops atrox envenomations are common in the Brazilian Amazon. The venom of B. atrox is highly inflammatory, which results in severe local complications, including the formation of blisters. Moreover, there is little information on the immune mechanisms associated with this condition. Thus, a longitudinal study was carried out to characterize the profile of the cell populations and soluble immunological mediators in the peripheral blood and blisters in B. atrox patients s according to their clinical manifestations (mild and severe). A similar response in both B. atrox patient groups (MILD an

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Bravo-Cuevas, Victor Manuel, Jaime Priego-Vargas, Miguel Ángel Cabral-Perdomo, and Marco Antonio Pineda Maldonado. "First occurrence of <i>Panthera atrox</i> (Felidae, Pantherinae) in the Mexican state of Hidalgo and a review of the record of felids from the Pleistocene of Mexico." Fossil Record 19, no. 2 (2016): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-19-131-2016.

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Abstract. Panthera atrox was a common large-sized cat in North America during the late Pleistocene. An isolated lower canine and a fifth metacarpal bone referable to this species were recovered from fluvial Quaternary deposits that outcrop in southeastern Hidalgo, central Mexico. Associated fossil material belonging to Bison indicates a Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age; the age assignment is corroborated by the presence of P. atrox. A comparative study with selected specimens of Panthera and Smilodon indicates that the Hidalgoan sample shares the following diagnostic features with

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BOECHAT, Antônio Luiz R., Cristiano S. PAIVA, Francisco Oscar FRANÇA, and Maria Cristina DOS-SANTOS. "Heparin-antivenom association: differential neutralization effectiveness in Bothrops atrox and Bothrops erythromelas envenoming." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 43, no. 1 (2001): 07–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652001000100002.

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Heparin, in some regions of Brazil has been used in the treatment of bothropic accidents, but the data found in the literature are inconclusive about its effectiveness. The venoms of Bothrops atrox and of B. erythromelas were characterized according to their biological activities. The capacity of heparin in neutralizing these activities was tested with doses of 3 and 6 IU in isolated form and associated to Antibothropic Serum (ABS). It was verified that heparin, in doses of 3 and 6 IU, was not effective in neutralizing the desfibrinating and edema-forming activities of B. atrox venom and the h

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Cavalcante, Joeliton S., Ingrid Mayara da Cunha Brito, Laudicéia Alves De Oliveira, et al. "Experimental Bothrops atrox Envenomation: Blood Plasma Proteome Effects after Local Tissue Damage and Perspectives on Thromboinflammation." Toxins 14, no. 9 (2022): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090613.

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The clinical manifestations of Bothrops atrox envenoming involve local and systemic changes, among which edema requires substantial attention due to its ability to progress to compartmental syndromes and sometimes cause tissue loss and amputations. However, the impact of edema on the poisoned body’s system has not been explored. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the systemic pathological and inflammatory events that are altered by intraplantar injection of B. atrox venom in a mouse model through hematologic, lipidic, and shotgun proteomics analysis. Plasma samples collected showed a gre

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8

Sousa, Leijane F., Matthew L. Holding, Tiago H. M. Del-Rei, et al. "Individual Variability in Bothrops atrox Snakes Collected from Different Habitats in the Brazilian Amazon: New Findings on Venom Composition and Functionality." Toxins 13, no. 11 (2021): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110814.

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Differences in snake venom composition occur across all taxonomic levels and it has been argued that this variation represents an adaptation that has evolved to facilitate the capture and digestion of prey and evasion of predators. Bothrops atrox is a terrestrial pitviper that is distributed across the Amazon region, where it occupies different habitats. Using statistical analyses and functional assays that incorporate individual variation, we analyzed the individual venom variability in B. atrox snakes from four different habitats (forest, pasture, degraded area, and floodplain) in and around

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Bailon Calderon, Henri, Elizabeth Gaby Colque Alave, Verónica Olga Yaniro Coronel, et al. "Neutralización de la actividad letal del veneno de serpiente Bothrops atrox por suero hiperinmune de llama (lama glama)." Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública 37, no. 3 (2020): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2020.373.4597.

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Objetivos: Evaluar la capacidad del suero hiperinmune de llama (Lama glama) para neutralizar la letalidad del veneno de la serpiente Bothrops atrox en ratones de laboratorio. Materiales y métodos: Se calculó la dosis letal media (DL50) de un pool de venenos de serpientes de Bothrops atrox de Perú, y se midieron los títulos de anticuerpos por ensayo ELISA; así como la potencia de neutralización del suero inmune por el cálculo de la dosis efectiva media (DE50) durante el periodo de inmunización. Resultados: La DL50 del veneno fue de 3,96 µg/g, similar a otros trabajos realizados en Bothrops atro

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Sandoval, Gustavo A., Yrma Espinoza, Dan Vivas, Edith Rodriguez, Fanny Lazo, and Armando Yarlequé. "Inmunogenicidad de la enzima similar a trombina del veneno de la serpiente peruana Bothrops atrox y su evaluación por métodos inmunoenzimáticos." Ágora Revista Científica 2, no. 1 (2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21679/arc.v2i1.20.

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Objetivo: Realizar una evaluación inmunogénica de la EST del veneno de B. atrox y determinar su grado de reactividad contra los venenos de las principales serpientes venenosas del país. Materiales y métodos: Se inmunizaron conejos albinos (2.5 Kg) con 150 μg de la enzima purificada basándose en protocolos estandarizados en nuestro laboratorio. Una vez obtenido el suero hiperinmune anti-EST, se analizaron los patrones de reactividad entre el suero experimental y la enzima purificada, así como contra los venenos totales de Bothrops atrox, Bothrops brazili, Lachesis muta y Crotalus durissus, empl

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da Fonseca, Wirven Lima, Radraque Rodrigues Correa, Andesson de Souza Oliveira, Henrique Bartolomeu Braz, Selma Maria de Almeida-Santos, and Paulo Sérgio Bernarde. "First report of male–male combat in free-ranging Amazonian Common Lanceheads (Bothrops atrox)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 100, no. 3 (2022): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2021-0192.

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In many snakes, males engage in agonistic interactions (male–male combat) apparently to establish dominant–subordinate relationships to gain priority access to reproductive females. In the Neotropical genus Bothrops Wagler, 1824 (∼45 species), male–male combat has been recorded only in three species of the monophyletic Bothrops atrox group. However, most male combats recorded in this clade occurred in captivity, an environment that facilitates the emergence of agonistic interactions. Here, we provide the first record of male–male combat in free-ranging Amazonian Common Lanceheads (Bothrops atr

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Forasiepi, Analía M., Ross D.E. Macphee, and Santiago Hernández del Pino. "Caudal Cranium Of Thylacosmilus Atrox (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta), A South American Predaceous Sabertooth." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2019, no. 433 (2019): 1–65. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.433.1.1.

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Forasiepi, Analía M., Macphee, Ross D.E., Pino, Santiago Hernández del (2019): Caudal Cranium Of Thylacosmilus Atrox (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta), A South American Predaceous Sabertooth. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2019 (433): 1-65, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.433.1.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-2019/issue-433/0003-0090.433.1.1/Caudal-Cranium-of-Thylacosmilus-atrox-Mammalia-Metatheria-Sparassodonta-a-South/10.1206/0003-0090.433.1.1.full

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Anjos, Marissa Braga dos, Valéria Mourão de Moura, Juliana Luiza Varjão Lameiras, et al. "Exploring the Protective Effects of Bellucia dichotoma Cong. Aqueous Extract on Spleens Following Bothrops atrox Envenomation in Mice: A Stereological Investigation." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, no. 5 (2024): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i5783.

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The aqueous extract of Bellucia dichotoma (AeBd) has traditionally been used in cases of snakebites and has been shown to be promising against the effects of Bothrops atrox venom (BaV). There is evidence of local venom blocking action by AeBd in envenomed mice; however, studies of the systemic action of this plant against BaV are lacking. Antibothropic serum (ABS) is the conventional therapy after envenomation by B. atrox. The association of AeBd and ABS can also be an alternative for the patient. As an organ capable of initiating the innate and adaptive defense, the spleen is a sensor of the

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Bard, Ramza, José Carlos R. de Lima, Raymundo Pereira de Sa Neto, Silas Guedes de Oliveira, and Maria Cristina dos Santos. "Ineficácia do antiveneno botrópico na neutralização da atividade coagulante do veneno de Lachesis muta muta: relato de caso e comprovação experimental." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 36, no. 1 (1994): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651994000100012.

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No Estado do Amazonas, nas regiões circunvizinhas à cidade de Manaus, as principais espécies de serpentes causadoras de acidentes são Bothrops atrox e Lachesis muta muta com um percentual de ocorrência, dos acidentes confirmados, de 76% e 17%, respectivamente. Rotineiramente, na ausência dos soros antilaquético e antibotrópico-laquético o Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Manaus (IMTM), utiliza-se do soro antibotrópico no tratamento do acidente laquético. Neste trabalho relatamos um caso de acidente por L m. muta, onde o paciente foi tratado com 20 ampolas do soro antibotrópico e permaneceu co

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Unwin, D. M. "On the systematic relationships of Cearadactylus atrox, an enigmatic Early Cretaceous pterosaur from the Santana Formation of Brazil." Fossil Record 5, no. 1 (2002): 239–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-5-239-2002.

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<i>Cearadactylus atrox</i>, a large pterodactyloid pterosaur represented by an incomplete skull and lower jaw from the Lower Cretaceous Santana Formation of Brazil, is a valid species. Diagnostic characters include a mandibular symphysis with a transversely expanded "spatulate" anterior end that is considerably wider than the rostral spatula, and a third rostral tooth that has a basal diameter more than three times that of the fifth tooth. Additional diagnostic characters, contingent upon assignment of <i>Cearadactylus atrox</i> to the Ctenochasmatidae, include: anterio

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Vera-Palacios, Antonio L., Juan D. Sacoto-Torres, Josselin A. Hernández-Altamirano, et al. "A First Look at the Inhibitory Potential of Urospatha sagittifolia (Araceae) Ethanolic Extract for Bothrops atrox Snakebite Envenomation." Toxins 14, no. 7 (2022): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14070496.

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Bothrops atrox snakebites are a relevant problem in the Amazon basin. In this biodiverse region, the ethnomedicinal approach plays an important role as an alternative to antivenom therapy. Urospatha sagittifolia (Araceae) is a plant used for this purpose; however, its neutralizing properties have not been scientifically accessed. To fill this gap, we investigated the ability of U. sagittifolia to modulate the catalytic activity of Bothrops atrox venom, and their toxic consequences, such as local damage and lethality. The venom profile of B. atrox was assessed by chromatography and electrophore

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Kim, Min Jee, Eui Jeong Hong, and Iksoo Kim. "Complete mitochondrial genome of Camponotus atrox (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new tRNA arrangement in Hymenoptera." Genome 59, no. 1 (2016): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0080.

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We sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Camponotus atrox (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), which is only distributed in Korea. The genome was 16 540 bp in size and contained typical sets of genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs). The C. atrox A+T-rich region, at 1402 bp, was the longest of all sequenced ant genomes and was composed of an identical tandem repeat consisting of six 100-bp copies and one 96-bp copy. A total of 315 bp of intergenic spacer sequence was spread over 23 regions. An alignment of the spacer sequences in ants was largely feasible among congeneric s

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da Silva Fernandes Ribas, Adriana, Kemily Stephanie de Godoi, Sávio Stefanini Sant’Anna, Marisa Maria Teixeira da Rocha, and Wilmar Dias da Silva. "Release of Cytokines in the Peritoneal Fluid of C57BL/6 Mice After Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops atrox Venom Injection." Toxins 17, no. 4 (2025): 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17040164.

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The release of cytokines in the peritoneal fluid after stimulation with Bothrops atrox and Bothrops jararaca venoms is a crucial process in the inflammatory response triggered by these venoms. The toxins present in the venoms of snakes from the Bothrops genus induce a complex inflammatory response, which includes the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, chemokines like GM-CSF, MCP-1, and the mast cell degranulation marker MCPT-1. These cytokines play a central role in amplifying inflammation, recruiting leukocytes, and increasing vascul

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Dowell, Noah L., Elizabeth Cahill, and Sean B. Carroll. "Loss of a major venom toxin gene in a Western Diamondback rattlesnake population." PLOS One 20, no. 7 (2025): e0319316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319316.

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The biochemical complexity and evolutionary diversity of snake venom composition reflects adaptation to the diversity of prey in their diets. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the evolutionary diversity of venoms are not well understood. Here, we explored the potential extent of and genetic basis for venom protein variation in the widely-distributed Western Diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). As in many rattlesnake venoms, metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are the major component of C. atrox venom, with three proteins belonging to three distinct major structural SVMP classes, MDC4, MAD

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Mourão, Jade, Ana Maria Coelho Golobovante, and Alfredo Pedroso dos Santos-Júnior. "Primeiro registro de predação da jararaca Bothrops atrox (Squamata: Viperidae) sobre uma serpente aquática (Squamata: Dipsadidae: Helicops polyleps) na Amazônia Oriental." Revista Ouricuri 14, no. 1 (2024): 03–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.59360/ouricuri.vol14.i1.a18744.

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A ofiofagia é um hábito alimentar relativamente bem reportado na dieta da jararaca-da-Amazônia (Bothrops atrox). Entretanto, serpentes aquáticas ainda não foram registradas como itens alimentares na dieta desta serpente, sobretudo em indivíduos adultos. Nesse trabalho, relatamos o primeiro registro de predação da cobra-d’água Helicops polyleps por Bothrops atrox. O evento de predação ocorreu em um ambiente de floresta inundável de várzea, na Amazônia oriental. Nosso registro expande o conhecimento sobre a história natural e a composição da dieta, de uma das serpentes mais abundantes da Amazôni

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Larréché, Sébastien, Lucie Chevillard, Georges Jourdi, et al. "Bothrops venom-induced hemostasis disorders in the rat: Between Scylla and Charybdis." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 11 (2023): e0011786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011786.

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Hemostasis impairment represents the most threatening consequence of Viperidae envenoming, notably with Bothrops genus. In the French departments of America, B. atrox envenomation in French Guiana may lead to bleeding while B. lanceolatus envenomation in Martinique to thrombosis. Bleeding related to B. atrox envenomation is attributed to vascular damage mediated by venom metalloproteinases and blood uncoagulable state resulting from thrombocytopenia and consumptive coagulopathy. Thrombosis related to B. lanceolatus envenomation are poorly understood. We aimed to compare the effects of B. atrox

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Chagas-de-Souza, Darlison, Tássio Alves Coêlho, Ricardo Bassini-Silva, et al. "Morphological aspects of Sticholecitha serpentis (Plagiorchiida: Plagiorchiidae) in a new Viperidae host in the Brazilian Amazon." Revista de Biología Tropical 72, no. 1 (2024): e58870. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72i1.58870.

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Introduction: Sticholecitha serpentis is a poorly studied parasite of the snakes’ esophagus, with an unclear taxonomy. Currently, there are few records of S. serpentis in snakes in Brazil. Although it has been recorded in snakes of the family Viperidae, it has not yet been reported in Bothrops atrox. Objectives: To present new morphological characters, as well as ecological and parasitic relationships of S. serpentis with B. atrox. Methods: The samples were obtained in a dryland area in the Tapajós National Forest, Pará State, Brazil. Ten specimens of B. atrox were examined manually with the a

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Efimov, P. G., K. V. Rybakova, and E. A. Lipeyko. "Seven new species of Taraxacum (Asteraceae) to the flora of the North-West European Russia (Taraxacum Notulae Rossiae Boreali Europeae IV)." Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 55 (2024): 125–37. https://doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2024.55.15.

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The article reports 7 species of Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. new to Russia: T. atrox Kirschner et Štěpánek, T. bellum H. Øllg., T. crassum H. Øllg. et Trávn., T. gesticulans H. Øllg., T. melanostigma H. Lindb., T. praestabile Rail., and T. tanyphyllum Dahlst. All these taxa were recorded in North-West European Russia (within the Leningrad Region, the Pskov Region, the Novgorod Region, and the city of Saint-Petersburg), some of them occurring in neighboring regions as well. These taxa mostly belong to section Taraxacum, although some authors include T. melanostigma and T. atrox into closely related s

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Pérez, John, Elda Sánchez, Alexis Rodríguez-Acosta, Irma Aguilar, María Girón, and Sylvia Magaldi. "A protein homology detection between rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalinae) from South and North America deduced from antigenically related metalloproteases." Animal Biology 57, no. 4 (2007): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075607782232161.

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AbstractDespite the fact that the analysis of two venom proteins is a limited investigation, the occurrence of proteins antigenically related between two Crotalus species from very distant geographic locations may be of importance to a further understanding of venom immunology. In this study, shared venom antigens of crotaline snakes are determined by immunoprecipitin analysis using rocket line immunoelectrophoresis (RLIE). Metalloprotease components were detected in the venom of Uracoan Rattlesnake (Crotalus vegrandis) from Venezuela, and in the venom of the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (C

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S. Oliveira, Sâmella, Eliane C. Alves, Alessandra S. Santos, et al. "Bleeding Disorders in Bothrops atrox Envenomations in the Brazilian Amazon: Participation of Hemostatic Factors and the Impact of Tissue Factor." Toxins 12, no. 9 (2020): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090554.

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Bleeding is a common hemostatic disorder that occurs in Bothrops envenomations. We evaluated the changes in coagulation, fibrinolysis components, and platelets in Bothrops atrox envenomations with bleeding. This is an observational study with B. atrox snakebite patients (n = 100) treated in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. Bleeding was recorded on admission and during hospitalization. We found that the platelet count in our patients presented a weak correlation to tissue factor, factor II, and plasminogen. Tissue factor presented weak correlation to factor V, II, D-dimer, plasminogen, alpha 2-antipla

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Larréché, Sébastien, Aurore Bousquet, Lucie Chevillard, et al. "Bothrops atrox and Bothrops lanceolatus Venoms In Vitro Investigation: Composition, Procoagulant Effects, Co-Factor Dependency, and Correction Using Antivenoms." Toxins 15, no. 10 (2023): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15100614.

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Bothrops venoms are rich in enzymes acting on platelets and coagulation. This action is dependent on two major co-factors, i.e., calcium and phospholipids, while antivenoms variably neutralize venom-related coagulopathy effects. Our aims were (i) to describe the composition of B. atrox and B. lanceolatus venoms; (ii) to study their activity on the whole blood using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM); (iii) to evaluate the contribution of calcium and phospholipids in their activity; and (iv) to compare the effectiveness of four antivenoms (Bothrofav™, Inoserp™ South America, Antivipmyn™ TRI,

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Norões, Terentia Batista Sa, Antonio Rafael Coelho Jorge, Helena Serra Azul Monteiro, Ricardo Parente Garcia Vieira, and Breno De Sá Barreto Macêdo. "Renal Effects and Nitric Oxide Response Induced by Bothrops atrox Snake Venom in an Isolated Perfused Kidney Model." Toxins 17, no. 8 (2025): 363. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17080363.

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The snakes from the genus Bothrops are responsible for most of the ophidic accidents in Brazil, and Bothrops atrox represents one of these species. Envenomation by these snakes results in systemic effects and is often associated with early mortality following snakebite incidents. The present study investigates the pharmacological properties of Bothrops atrox venom (VBA), focusing specifically on its impact on renal blood flow. Following the renal perfusion procedure, kidney tissues were processed for histopathological examination. Statistical analysis of all evaluated parameters was conducted

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Cuff, Andrew R., Christopher Stockey, and Anjali Goswami. "Endocranial Morphology of the Extinct North American Lion (Panthera atrox)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 88, no. 3-4 (2016): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000454705.

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The extinct North American lion (Panthera atrox) is one of the largest felids (Mammalia, Carnivora) to have ever lived, and it is known from a plethora of incredibly well-preserved remains. Despite this abundance of material, there has been little research into its endocranial anatomy. CT scans of a skull of P. atrox from the Pleistocene La Brea Tar pits were used to generate the first virtual endocranium for this species and to elucidate previously unknown details of its brain size and gross structure, cranial nerves, and inner-ear morphology. Results show that its gross brain anatomy is broa

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Reynolds, Ashley R., Kevin L. Seymour, and David C. Evans. "Late Pleistocene records of felids from Medicine Hat, Alberta, including the first Canadian record of the sabre-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 10 (2019): 1052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0272.

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In the late 1960s, a team led by C.S. Churcher and A. MacS. Stalker collected over 1000 vertebrate fossils, mostly representing large herbivorous mammals, from bluffs along the South Saskatchewan River near Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. The records from this area also include the only documented case of the sabre-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis, but these specimens have not been described or illustrated, and therefore, their identification has never been verified. Here, all felid fossils recovered from the Medicine Hat bluffs are described and identified. We confirm the presence of the machairod

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Pereira, Heloisa Castro, Letícia Prata Juliano Dimatteu Telles, Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano, Maísa Paschoal Rios, and André Luiz Quagliatto Santos. "Hematologic parameters of captive Bothrops atrox (Squamata: viperidae)." Bioscience Journal 38 (September 30, 2022): e38089. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-62653.

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The breeding of venomous snakes in captivity for research purposes and mainly as a source of pharmaceutical products highlights the need to determine hematological parameters for monitoring and ensuring a healthy breeding populationThe complete blood count is used to help diagnose alterations such as anemia, inflammatory diseases, parasitemia, hematopoietic disorders, hemostatic and toxicological changes, as well as bacterial and viral inclusions. Thus, the objective of this study was to define reference parameters for complete blood count in Bothrops atrox snakes. Blood samples were collected

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Walton, R. M., D. E. Brown, D. W. Hamar, V. P. Meador, J. W. Horn, and M. A. Thrall. "Mechanisms of Echinocytosis Induced by Crotalus atrox Venom." Veterinary Pathology 34, no. 5 (1997): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589703400508.

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Transient echinocytosis has been reported in association with snake envenomation in humans and dogs. An in vitro model of echinocytosis induced by venom of Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) was established to characterize erythrocyte morphologic changes and to investigate potential mechanisms of echinocytic transformation. Erythrocyte morphologic changes produced after the addition of venom to canine, feline, equine, and human blood were characterized by dose-dependent echinocytosis. Type III echinocytosis was consistently induced in vitro at a dose comparable to in vivo envenom

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King, Leigha M., and Steven C. Wallace. "Phylogenetics ofPanthera, includingPanthera atrox, based on craniodental characters." Historical Biology 26, no. 6 (2014): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2013.861462.

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Politi, Vincenzo, Giovanna De Luca, Giovanni Di Stazio, Eugenia Schinina, and Francesco Bossa. "A new peptide from Crotalus atrox snake venom." Peptides 6 (January 1985): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-9781(85)90395-x.

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Cañas, Carlos A. "Brainstem ischemic stroke after to Bothrops atrox snakebite." Toxicon 120 (September 2016): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.005.

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Roubal, Frank R. "Studies on monogeneans and copepods parasitizing the gills of a sparid (Acanthopagrus australis (Günther)) in northern New South Wales." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 4 (1986): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-126.

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Degree of host tissue response to monogenean (Lamellodiscus acanthopagri, L. major, L. squamosus, Haliotrema spariensis, Polylabroides multispinosus) and copepod (Ergasilus sp., Lernanthropus atrox, Alella macrotrachelus) parasites on the gills of Acanthopagrus australis varied with developmental stage and among species. The histophagous ancyrocephalines L. acanthopagri and L. squamosus and the sanguinivorous polyopisthocotylean P. multispinosus elicited no host response. In contrast, phylogenetic relatives of the former two species, L. major and H. spariensis, were associated with extensive h

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Cubides-Cubillos, Sergio D., José S. L. Patané, Karina Maria Pereira da Silva, et al. "Evidence of facultative parthenogenesis in three Neotropical pitviper species of the Bothrops atrox group." PeerJ 8 (November 18, 2020): e10097. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10097.

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We examined four suspected cases of facultative parthenogenesis in three species of a neotropical lineage of pitvipers of the Bothrops atrox group. Reproduction without mating was observed in captive females of B. atrox, B. moojeni and B. leucurus housed alone for seven years (the two former species) and nine years (the latter one). In addition to the observation of captivity data, we investigated molecularly this phenomenon using heterologous microsatellites. DNA was extracted from the mothers’ scales or liver, from embryo and newborn fragments, and yolked ova. Four of the microsatellites sho

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Sobrinho, J. C., A. F. Francisco, R. Simões-Silva, et al. "Antimyotoxic Activity of Synthetic Peptides Derived from Bothrops atrox Snake Gamma Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor Selected by Virtual Screening." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 22 (2019): 1952–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666190725102812.

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Background: Several studies have aimed to identify molecules that inhibit the toxic actions of snake venom phospholipases A2 (PLA2s). Studies carried out with PLA2 inhibitors (PLIs) have been shown to be efficient in this assignment. Objective: This work aimed to analyze the interaction of peptides derived from Bothrops atrox PLIγ (atPLIγ) with a PLA2 and to evaluate the ability of these peptides to reduce phospholipase and myotoxic activities. Methods: Peptides were subjected to molecular docking with a homologous Lys49 PLA2 from B. atrox venom modeled by homology. Phospholipase activity neut

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Montellano-Ballesteros, Marisol, and Gerardo Carbot-Chanona. "Panthera leo atrox (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Chiapas, Mexico." Southwestern Naturalist 54, no. 2 (2009): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/clg-20.1.

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Schuett, Gordon W., Roger A. Repp, Shannon K. Hoss, and Hans-Werner Herrmann. "Environmentally cued parturition in a desert rattlesnake,Crotalus atrox." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 110, no. 4 (2013): 866–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12166.

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Procter, Miss Joan B. "On the Variation of the Pit-Viper, Lachesis atrox." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 88, no. 1-2 (2009): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1918.tb02080.x.

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Albrecht, Eric A., Jasmine D. Carter, Veronica Garbar, Abeeha Choudhary, and Scott A. Tomlins. "Intracellular Zinc Trafficking during Crotalus atrox Venom Wound Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7 (2023): 6763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076763.

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In this study, we examined zinc trafficking in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) stimulated with Crotalus atrox (CA venom) snake venom. We utilized MTS cytotoxicity assays to monitor the cytotoxic range of CA venom. HUVEC monolayers stimulated with 10 µg/mL CA venom for 3 h displayed cellular retraction, which coincided with 53.0 ± 6.5 percent viability. In contrast, venom concentrations of 100 µg/mL produced a complete disruption of cellular adherence and viability decreased to 36.6 ± 1.0. The zinc probe Fluozin-3AM was used to detect intracellular zinc in non-stimulated controls

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OLIVEIRA, CARLOS H. M., ANDERSON A. SIMÃO, MARCUS V. C. TRENTO, PEDRO H. S. CÉSAR, and SILVANA MARCUSSI. "Inhibition of proteases and phospholipases A2 from Bothrops atrox and Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venoms by ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and B-complex vitamins." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, no. 3 suppl (2016): 2005–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620160030.

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ABSTRACT The enzyme inhibition by natural and/ or low-cost compounds may represent a valuable adjunct to traditional serotherapy performed in cases of snakebite, mainly with a view to mitigate the local effects of envenoming. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible interactions between vitamins and enzymes that comprise Bothrops atrox and Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms, in vitro. Proteolysis inhibition assays (substrates: azocasein, collagen, gelatin and fibrinogen), hemolysis, coagulation, hemagglutination were carried out using different proportions of vitamins in face of t

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Bushell, Matthew, and Blaine Schubert. "Large Felid Tracks and Bones From Chilly Bowl Cave, Arkansas." Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 86, no. 1-2 (2024): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4311/2023pa011.

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Multiple large cat tracks were found within Chilly Bowl Cave, Arkansas, representing at least two individuals of the genus Panthera. Large felid bone fragments were also found in a passageway near the tracks. These poorly preserved skeletal remains primarily consist of metapodials and phalanges and represent the North American Pleistocene jaguar, Panthera onca. Fusion of metapodial epiphyses indicate adult foot size had been reached for this large jaguar. One set of tracks is also consistent with the size and morphology of P. onca. The other tracks are much larger than is known for extant or p

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Hoyos, María A., Rafael Otero, Mónica Saldarriaga, and Nicolás Jaramillo. "Divergencia morfométrica entre <i>Bothrops atrox</i> y <i>Bothrops asper</i> (Serpientes: Viperidae)." Actualidades Biológicas 25, no. 79 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.329496.

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Se emplearon análisis morfométricos tradicionales para cuantificar las diferencias en la variación morfológica entre Bothrops atrox y Bothrops asper, cuya posición taxonómica es controversial. Para ello se examinaron doce hembras y dieciséis machos B. atrox y diecinueve hembras y once machos B. asper. Se seleccionó un conjunto de cinco distancias entre puntos anatómicos para utilizarlas en análisis de componentes principales multigrupo (ACPmg). El primer componente principal (CPmg-1) dio cuenta de la mayor porción de la variación en el nivel intragrupo y fue tomado como un estimador de tamaño.

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Sarmiento, Karen, Jorge Zambrano, Carlos Galvis, et al. "Immunochemical Recognition of Bothrops rhombeatus Venom by Two Polyvalent Antivenoms." Toxins 16, no. 3 (2024): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030152.

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The protein profile of Bothrops rhombeatus venom was compared to Bothrops asper and Bothrops atrox, and the effectiveness of antivenoms from the National Institute of Health of Colombia (INS) and Antivipmyn-Tri (AVP-T) of Mexico were analyzed. Protein profiles were studied with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The neutralizing potency and the level of immunochemical recognition of the antivenoms to the venoms were determined using Western blot, affinity chromatography, and enzyme-linked immu

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Kuzmin, Yuriy, Elane Guerreiro Giese, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo, Paulo André Ferreira Borges da Costa, Gleomar Fabiano Maschio, and Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos. "Description of Serpentirhabdias atroxi n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae), a parasite of Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) in Brazilian Amazonia." Systematic Parasitology 93, no. 1 (2016): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-015-9603-y.

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Bania, Theodore C., Steven L. Bernsein, Bonny J. Baron, and Daniel Rabinowitz. "Intraarterial vs Intravenous Administration of Antivenin for the Treatment of Crotalide atrox Antivenin for the Treatment of Crotalidae atrox Envenomation: A Pilot Study." Academic Emergency Medicine 5, no. 9 (1998): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02808.x.

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Moisiuk, Peter D., Daniel R. Beniac, Ross A. Ridsdale, et al. "Structure of rattlesnake venom lectin determined by single particle high-resolution electron microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100162776.

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Venom from the rattlesnake Crotalus atrox contains a mixture of enzymes that induce a localized effect leading to hemorrhaging, necrosis and edema. As a member of the crotalid family of snake venoms, Crotalus atrox venom contains a C-type lectin that will agglutinate blood cells in a Ca2+-dependent fashion. The lectin is a hydrophilic protein, consisting of two covalently linked, 135 amino acid residues, identical subunits that are rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine. Sequence homology with known carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) indicates that rattlesnake venom lectin (RSLV)

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Delgadillo, Julio, Dan Vivas, Edith Rodríguez, Fanny Lazo, Armando Yarlequé, and E. F. Sánchez. "CARACTERIZACIÓN BIOQUÍMICA, BIOLÓGICA Y MOLECULAR DEL FACTOR DIFUSOR PRESENTE EN EL VENENO DE LA SERPIENTE Bothrops atrox “JERGÓN”." Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú 85, no. 2 (2018): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37761/rsqp.v85i2.73.

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La hialuronidasa del veneno de Bothrops atrox fue purificada y caracterizada. Se estudió el efecto de iones monovalentes y divalentes en su actividad catalítica, mostrando que el ion magnesio (150 mM) incrementa la actividad en 40 %, mientras que la glicina lo inhibe en un 44 %. La enzima carece de actividad tóxica cuando es administrada en ratones albinos en ensayos de toxicidad, pero incrementa la acción hemorrágica del veneno total sobre la piel de estos animales. El antiveneno botrópico polivalente, Perú) fue capaz de reconocer componentes del veneno total de B. atrox, así como la enzima p

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Petretski, J. H., M. Kanashiro, C. P. Silva, E. W. Alves, and T. L. Kipnis. "Two related thrombin-like enzymes present in Bothrops atrox venom." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 33, no. 11 (2000): 1293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2000001100005.

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