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Journal articles on the topic 'Attached gingiva'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Pradhan, Shaili, and Benju Shrestha. "Correlation of Width of Attached Gingiva on Oral Hygiene Maintenance and Gingival Health." Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 4, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v4i1.30895.

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Introduction: Attached gingiva aids in increased resistance to external injury and contribute in stabilisation of gingival margin against frictional forces as well as dissipates physiological forces exerted by the muscular fibers of the alveolar mucosa on gingival tissues. Objective: To assess width of attached gingiva in adults and correlate with oral hygiene maintenance and gingival inflammation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients aged 20-40 years visiting dental OPD with healthy periodontium. Plaque index (PI) and Gingival index (GI) were recorded. Mucogingival junction was determined by visual and functional method. Keratinised gingiva width (KGW) and probing pocket depth (PPD) was recorded and attached gingiva width (AGW) was calculated as (KGW–PPD). Results: Total 85 patients (43 males and 42 females) enrolled in this study. Among total, 48.23% had AGW<1 mm. AGW <1 mm most commonly was found in mandibular first premolar, highest mean AGW was found in maxillary incisors. The mean GI and PI values for AGW<1 mm were found to be higher than those for AGW≥ 1 mm. However, result did not show any significant relation between AGW and severity of gingival inflammation (P value 0.608) and plaque control (P value 0.297). Conclusion: The correlation between attached gingiva width and severity of gingival inflammation and plaque index was not significant statistically. However, the mean gingival index and plaque index score were higher for the attached gingiva width less than 1 mm.

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2

Shah, Harish Kumar, Sanjeev Shrestha, Shivalal Sharma, and Pujan Acharya. "Operculum from Erupting Third Molar: An Alternative Donor Site for an Epithelialised-Free Soft-Tissue Autograft." Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v3i2.30888.

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Gingival augmentation technique is used to increase the thickness of attached gingiva and arresting the progress of recession. Autogenous epithelialised free gingival graft obtained from palate is a well-established periodontal plastic procedure for root coverage and increasing the width of attached gingiva. This case report shows augmentation of attached gingiva from operculum of erupting third molar as an alternative donor site in marginal tissue recession not extending beyond the mucogingival junction with soft and hard tissue loss interdentally of 31 and 41 in a 20-year-old female.

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3

Chan, M. F., M. Cassidy, and A. S. High. "Ameloblastoma of attached gingiva." British Dental Journal 176, no. 12 (June 1994): 471–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4808483.

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4

Cha, Bong-Kuen, Yeon-Hee Lee, Nam-Ki Lee, Dong-Soon Choi, and Seung-Hak Baek. "Soft Tissue Thickness for Placement of an Orthodontic Miniscrew Using an Ultrasonic Device." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/051607-237.1.

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Abstract Objectives: To evaluate area- and gender-related differences in the soft tissue thickness of potential areas for installing miniscrews in the buccal-attached gingiva and the palatal masticatory mucosa. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 61 Korean young adults. An ultrasonic gingival-thickness meter was used to measure the soft-tissue thickness in the buccal-attached gingiva just adjacent to the mucogingival junction of the upper and lower arches and 4 mm and 8 mm below the gingival crest in the palatal masticatory mucosa. Independent t-test, paired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: Buccal-attached gingiva thickness in the upper arch was significantly greater in men than in women, but buccal-attached gingiva thickness in the lower arch and palatal masticatory mucosa thickness 4 and 8 mm below the gingival crest did not show gender differences. Significantly thicker soft tissue occurred in the anterior areas in the upper arch and in the posterior areas in the lower arch. In the palatal masticatory mucosa, significantly thicker soft tissue was found 4 mm below the gingival crest in the anterior areas and 8 mm below the gingival crest in the posterior areas. The areas between the canines and the premolars showed higher values than other areas 4 mm below the gingival crest. However, the soft-tissue thickness 8 mm below the gingival crest showed a progressive increase from the anterior to the posterior areas. Conclusion: Measurements of the soft-tissue thickness using an ultrasonic device could help practitioners select the proper orthodontic miniscrew in daily clinical practice.

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Hassani, Ali, Roozbeh Sadrimanesh, Seyed Aliakbar Vahdati, and Pooyan Sadr-eshkevari. "Free Gingival Graft Immobilization: A Pilot Study on a Newly Designed Stent." Journal of Oral Implantology 36, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00034.

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Abstract The presence of adequate gingiva with firm attachment to the underlying periosteum and bone is important for the overall long-term success of implant-supported oral rehabilitation. In the presence of an atrophic edentulous mandible, peri-implant soft tissue management is a challenging task. Therefore, mucosal grafts are sometimes necessary in patients with insufficient attached gingiva around abutments. Immobilization of this graft is mandatory for its survival. The study design included 5 edentulous patients with inadequate attached gingival zone, all candidates for implant surgery and free gingival graft. In the first surgery the implants were inserted, and in the second operation a free gingival graft was obtained from the palate and sutured to the mandibular site. A newly designed stent was applied for the stabilization of the graft. Two to 3 weeks after the second surgery, the stents were removed and the attached gingival width was measured. Long-term evaluations were performed to follow the survival of the graft. All grafts were intact at the time of stent removal. In all cases, the long-term evaluations revealed adequate attached gingiva around the implant. It may be concluded that immobilization of free gingival graft in the recipient site increases its success rate and its survival rate. The application of the newly designed stent can serve as a proper and easy immobilizer for peri-implant soft tissue management.

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6

Rijal, Arjun Hari, Bhageshwar Dhami, Nashib Pandey, and Deepa Aryal. "Prevalence of Gingival Pigmentation and its Association with Gingival Biotype and Skin Colour." Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v5i1.38178.

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Introduction: The facial appearance depends on several oral and extraoral factors including colour of facial skin and pigmentation of gingival epithelium. The colour of the gingiva varies among individuals and is thought to be associated with cutaneous pigmentation which ranges from light to dark brown or black colour. Objective: To assess the prevalence of physiological gingival pigmentation, gingival biotype and their association with skin colur in Nepalese subjects visiting Kantipur Dental College and Hospital (KDCH). Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study which was carried out from February 2020 to June 2020 in all patients of age-group 16 to 80 years visiting the Department of Periodontics at KDCH after ethical approval. Patients were recruited by convenience sampling and examined thoroughly to find out gingival biotype and extent of gingival pigmentation intraorally as well as skin colour extraorally. Results: In this study, 210 patients were examined among which, 105 (50%) were males and 105 (50%) were females. Out of 210, 33 (15.7%) had pink tissue without pigmentation, 84 (40%) had pigmentation only in attached gingiva, 58 (27.6%) in attached gingiva and interdental papilla, 32 (15.2%) had diffuse pigmentation involving all parts of gingiva, 2 (1%) had in marginal gingiva only, and 1 (0.5%) in marginal gingiva and interdental papilla. Conclusion: A strong association was found between gingival pigmentation and facial skin colour in present study (P <0.001). Establishing the pattern of gingival pigmentation in Nepalese population will help to choose a specific depigmentation therapy that will harmonise with skin colour.

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7

Al-Zo'ubi, Ibraheem A., Mohammad M. Hammad, and Elham S. J. Abu Alhaija. "Periodontal Parameters in Different Dentofacial Vertical Patterns." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 6 (November 1, 2008): 1006–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/092807-462.1.

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Abstract Objective: To assess periodontal parameters in a Jordanian population in individuals with three different facial types. Materials and Methods: Forty-five dental students (ages 20–26 years) with short, average, and long face heights were divided into three equal groups. The plaque index, gingival index, gingival thickness, width of keratinized gingiva, and width of attached gingiva were measured in each group. Occlusal factors, including the dynamic occlusion and the presence or absence of premature contacts were recorded. Differences among the three groups were assessed using Student's t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results: No differences were present in the plaque index, gingival index, gingival attachment, width of attached and keratinized gingiva and gingival thickness between the subjects in the three groups studied. None of the subjects in the long face group had canine guidance dynamic occlusion. Conclusions: There were no differences in the periodontal parameters between the different dentofacial vertical patterns, but there was a difference in the canine guidance dynamic occlusion.

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8

Ladhad, Trushna. "Attached Gingiva …‥ Then And Now ….????" CODS Journal of Dentistry 4, no. 1 (2012): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/cods-4-1-31.

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9

Vieira, Ésio de Oliveira, Rivail Antonio Sergio Fidel Junior, Carlos Marcelo da Silva Figueredo, and Ricardo Guimarães Fischer. "Clinical evaluation of a dermic allograft in procedures to increase attached gingiva width." Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no. 3 (2009): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000300003.

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The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the use of alloderm to increase the width of attached gingiva. Nine patients were selected. The inclusion criteria were: attached gingiva smaller than 1 mm; Miller's class I and II gingival recession; patients able to attend control dental appointments; absence of periodontal pocket and endodontic treatment in the neighboring area where the acellular dermal graft would be placed. The clinical evaluation included: allograft shrinkage 7, 14, 21, 30, 60 and 90 days after surgery; width of attached gingiva at the end of the study; difference in color and mobility of allograft. Allograft shrinkage was calculated by comparing its area immediately after surgery to its areas in the other days. Five standardized photographs were taken, digitized and the allograft area was measured. Paired Student's t-test was used to compare the clinical data (α=0.05). The mean allograft shrinkage 90 days after surgery was 90.43% and the mean width was 1.27 mm. Difference in color was observed in only 1 subject and no allograft mobility was detected. The results showed a large shrinkage of allograft 90 days after its insertion, raising doubts as to its validity for increasing the width of attached gingiva.

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10

Neppala Gowtham and Nabeel Ahmed. "Preference of technique for measurement of width of attached gingiva in abutment teeth for fixed dental prosthesis -A retrospective study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 18, 2020): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3038.

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Attached gingiva is the distance between the mucogingival junction to a projection of the external surface of the sulcus or the periodontal pocket. There are mainly 3 methods for evaluating attached gingiva functional method (roll technique), the visual method with or without histochemical staining, anesthesia method. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the most commonly used technique for measuring the width of attached gingiva among patients. The study group consists of Adult patients who attended the outpatient Department of Prosthodontics from June 2019-March 2020. 86,000 case sheets were reviewed and sampling was done using simple random sampling. A chi-square test was done to evaluate the correlation between age, gender and Profession with Technique for measurement of Attached gingiva. From the study, we can see that most of the students used Roll technique to find Attached gingiva and some used Balloon technique to find attached gingiva. However, there is no significant correlation between age, gender and Profession with Technique of width of attached gingiva.

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11

Tolman, Aaron, Laurance Jerrold, and Mark Alarbi. "Squamous cell carcinoma of attached gingiva." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 132, no. 3 (September 2007): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.04.030.

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12

Koganti, Vijay Prasad, L. Chandrashekhar, SD Srinivas, and M. Kiran Kumar. "The Free Rotated Papilla Autograft—A Bilaminar Procedure for the Coverage of Multiple Shallow Gingival Recessions: A Biometric Evaluation." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 12, no. 4 (2011): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1042.

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ABSTRACT The present clinical study was attempted to evaluate biometrically the predictability of free rotated papilla autograft for multiple shallow gingival recessions. Materials and methods Fifteen systemically healthy patients with multiple gingival recessions underwent the procedure the probing depth, percentage of root coverage width of keratinized gingiva, width of attached gingiva were recorded at baseline 3 and 12 months. Results All parameters significantly improved from baseline to 12 months. The mean probing depth 1 mm ± 0 mm at baseline which was increased to 1.175 ± 0.245 mm at the end of 3 months and remained same at 12 months. The mean gingival recession was 2.35 ± 0.516 mm at baseline which was improved to 0.425 ± 0.245 mm at the end of 3 months and remained same at 12 months. The mean width of keratinized gingiva was 1.157 ± 0.245 mm at baseline which was improved to 3.15 ± 0.489 mm at the end of 3 months and remained same at 12 months. The mean width of attached gingiva 0.175 ± 0.245 mm at baseline which was improved to 1.975 ± 0.415 mm at the end of 3 months and remained same at 12 months. Conclusion The mucogingival surgery resulted in achieving high degree of success and predictability as well as an excellent esthetic outcome. Clinical significance Free rotated papilla autograft is a predictabe treatment modality for multiple shallow gingival recessions. How to cite this article Koganti VP, Chandrashekhar L, Srinivas SD, Kumar MK. The Free Rotated Papilla Autograft— A Bilaminar Procedure for the Coverage of Multiple Shallow Gingival Recessions: A Biometric Evaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4):245-251.

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13

Stock, Friedrich, Marcel Hanisch, Sarah Lechner, Saskia Biskup, Axel Bohring, Johannes Zschocke, and Ines Kapferer-Seebacher. "Prepubertal Periodontitis in a Patient with Combined Classical and Periodontal Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome." Biomolecules 11, no. 2 (January 24, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020149.

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We report an extremely rare case of combined classical and periodontal Ehlers−Danlos syndrome (EDS) with early severe periodontitis and a generalized lack of attached gingiva. A German family with classical EDS was investigated by physical and dental evaluation and exome and Sanger sequencing. Due to the specific periodontal phenotype in the affected child, an additional diagnosis of periodontal EDS was suspected. Physical and genetic examination of two affected and three unaffected family members revealed a family diagnosis of classical EDS with a heterozygous mutation in COL5A1 (c.1502del; p.Pro501Leufs*57). Additional to the major clinical criteria for classical EDS—generalized joint hypermobility, hyperelastic skin, and atrophic scarring —the child aged four years presented with generalized alveolar bone loss up to 80%, early loss of two lower incisors, severe gingival recession, and generalized lack of attached gingiva. Due to these clinical findings, an additional diagnosis of periodontal EDS was suspected. Further genetic analysis revealed the novel missense mutation c.658T>G (p.Cys220Gly) in C1R in a heterozygous state. Early severe periodontitis in association with generalized lack of attached gingiva is pathognomonic for periodontal EDS and led to the right clinical and genetic diagnosis in the present case.

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14

Chang, Beom-Seok, Heung-Sik Um, and Deok-Young Park. "The width of attached gingiva of young adults with healthy gingiva." Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology 28, no. 3 (1998): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.5051/jkape.1998.28.3.517.

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15

Edranov, S. S., and R. A. Kerzikov. "FREE GINGIVAL GRAFT MORPHOGENESIS." Russian Journal of Dentistry 21, no. 2 (April 15, 2017): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-28022017;21(2):111-116.

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This review analyzes the current state of the problem of creating the area of keratinized and attached gingiva in dental implantology. Apically positioned flap with a free gingival graft (FGG) placement is considered the gold standard in the oral soft tissue plastic surgery. It is noted that the periosteal or connective tissue recipient bed is an important prerequisite to graft revascularization and survival. FGGs placed on the periosteum often display clinical mobility while grafts fixed on denuded alveolar bone predictably create a firmly attached band of keratinized gingiva. The development of specific techniques and methods for fixing the FGG on bone bed have special priority. Exploring rigid fixation of the graft, as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms that determine the dynamics of the regenerative processes at the graft-bed interface has great clinical potential.

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Joshi, Bharat. "Platelet-rich fibrin-a cost-effective, donor less and indigenous therapy for obtaining root coverage-a case report." International Journal of Dental Research 5, no. 1 (April 19, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijdr.v5i1.7487.

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Among the periodontal infections, gingival recession is a separate clinical entity which demands a permanent solution plan. Treatment therapies are based on either elimination (as in case of Miller’s class I/II recession) or increasing the width of keratinized gingiva for prevention of further progression (as in case of Miller’s class III/IV recession). From the centuries, graft surgeries like free gingival graft, lateral pedicle and Coronally advanced flaps have been successful in the treatment of gingival recession. As every technique has its own merits and demerits, clinicians have tried to stress upon addition of certain adjuncts or biomaterials to ensure rapid healing and less post-operative discomfort. Platelet concentrates are an excellent biomaterials for increasing width of attached gingiva and enhancing wound healing. They are cost effective, do not require donor tissue for harvesting and contain variety of growth factors for initiating regeneration. In this paper, Platelet-rich fibrin a 2nd generation concentrates has been used as an adjunct to Coronally advanced flap with a purpose of increasing width of keratinized gingiva, obtaining complete root coverage and achieving gingival harmony.

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17

Mintz, Greg A., and Eric D. Smidansky. "Aphthous stomatitis with involvement of attached gingiva." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 60, no. 1 (July 1985): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(85)90227-0.

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18

Sendyk, Michelle, Wilson Roberto Sendyk, Débora Pallos, Letícia Cristina Cidreira Boaro, João Batista de Paiva, and José Rino Neto. "Periodontal clinical evaluation before and after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 23, no. 1 (January 2018): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.23.1.079-086.oar.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion is a procedure that reduces the resistance of the sutures correcting the posterior crossbite in adults. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status of 17 adults submitted to this procedure. Methods: The clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession, attached gingiva and bleeding were evaluated in maxillary first premolars and molars, central and lateral incisors of right and left sides before surgery, 5 days and 6 months after. Means, standard deviation, medians, minimum and maximum values were compared among the evaluations using the Friedman and McNemar tests. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in CAL in the right central incisor, right and left premolars and right and left molars. There was a statistically significant increase in gingival recession in the right and left premolars and molars. The amount of attached gingiva significantly decreased in right premolars and right and left molars. There was increase in bleeding in most of the teeth. Conclusion: Results indicated that the surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion might cause alterations in periodontal tissue.

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Tenório, Isabelle Silvério, Maria Vitória Calado Ramalho dos Santos, Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino, Jamesson de Macedo Andrade, Luana Samara Balduino de Sena, Fátima Roneiva Alves Fonseca, Rachel de Queiroz Ferreira Rodrigues, and João Nilton Lopes de Sousa. "Periodontal phenotype modification therapy in a patient undergoing orthodontic treatment: a case report." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 10, no. 4 (March 9, 2021): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v10i4.5055.

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Introduction: Gingival recessions are mucogingival defects of multifactorial etiology that interfere with aesthetics and function; in many cases these defects require multidisciplinary treatment. Objective: To report a clinical case of gingival recession treatment using a periodontal and orthodontic approach. Case report: Patient a 20-year-old woman, sought the Extension Project of Clinical and Surgical Periodontics (PROEPECC/UFCG) complaining of developing gingival recession in tooth 31, which was poorly positioned in the arch after orthodontic movement. Periodontal examination revealed type 1 gingival recession associated with a prominent labial frenulum, with a gingival height of 3 mm, width of 2 mm, probing depth of 1 mm, and absence of attached gingiva. The root was covered using a subepithelial connective tissue graft removed from the palatal mucosa and coronally positioned flap; in addition, inferior labial frenectomy was performed. After 1 year and 6 months, tooth 31 was again moved to reposition it in the arch. One year and 10 months post-surgery, new periodontal examination was performed to evaluate the mucogingival characteristics of the treated area. The recession was completely covered and there was a 4-mm increase in the attached gingiva. Conclusion: Orthodontics may positively or negatively influence periodontal structures and periodontics may favor the prognosis of tooth movement in a risk area by modifying the periodontal phenotype, increasing its resistance to gingival recession.

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Brailovskaya, T. V., A. P. Vedyaeva, R. V. Kalinin, E. A. Garibyan, Z. A. Tangieva, and A. M. Deniev. "Augmentation the width of a keratinized attached gingiva in patients with dental implantation." Sechenov Medical Journal, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2018.4.5-15.

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To date, there has been an increase in the scientiﬁc interest in the state of soft tissues surrounding dental implants and their inﬂuence on the long-term prognosis of implant treatment. It is known, that the risk factors for the development of periimplantitis include a deﬁciency or complete absence of an attached keratinized gingiva in the area of implants. The article provides a comparative analysis of various methods of mucogingival surgery in the ﬁeld of dental implants using free gingival autografts and xenogenic dermal matrices.

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Sakagami, Ryuji, Tomoomi Odajima, and Hiroshi Kato. "Newly Developed Minimally Invasive Gingival Connective Tissue Graft for Obtaining the Attached Gingiva." Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology) 42, no. 2 (2000): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2329/perio.42.114.

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Mishra, MahavirB, KundenduArya Bishen, and Ashish Yadav. "Capillary hemangioma: An occasional growth of attached gingiva." Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 16, no. 4 (2012): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-124x.106924.

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23

Jones, Steven P. "The Use of an Autogenous Free Gingival Graft in the Combined Orthodontic and Periodontal Management of a Buccally Ectopic Maxillary Canine." British Journal of Orthodontics 14, no. 3 (July 1987): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.14.3.155.

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A case is reported in which an unerupted maxillary canine, situated buccally above the level of the mucogingival junction, was exposed surgically in conjunction with a free gingival graft. Alignment was achieved using the edgewise appliance. An adequate width of attached gingiva was maintained out of retention, with a good aesthetic result. The problems associated with radical exposure of buccally misplaced teeth are discussed.

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Ustun, Kemal, Zafer Sari, Hasan Orucoglu, Ismetdir Duran, and Sema S. Hakki. "Severe Gingival Recession Caused by Traumatic Occlusion and Mucogingival Stress: A Case Report." European Journal of Dentistry 02, no. 02 (April 2008): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697367.

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ABSTRACTGingival recession is displacement of the soft tissue margin apically leading to root surface exposure. Tooth malpositions, high muscle attachment, frenal pull have been associated with gingival tissue recession. Occlusal trauma is defined as injury resulting in tissue changes within the attachment apparatus as a result of occlusal forces. Trauma from occlusion may cause a shift in tooth position and the direction of the movement depends on the occlusal force. We present the clinical and radiological findings and the limitation of periodontal treatment of a severe gingival recession in a case with traumatic occlusion. A 16 years old male, systemically healthy and nonsmoking patient presented to our clinic with severe gingival recession of mandibular canines and incisors. Clinical evaluation revealed extensive gingival recession on the vestibules of mandibular anterior segment. Patient has an Angle class III malocclusion and deep bite. To maintain the teeth until orthodontic therapy and maxillofacial surgery, mucogingival surgeries were performed to obtain attached gingiva to provide oral hygiene and reduce inflammation. After mucogingival surgeries, limited attached gingiva was gained in this case. Regular periodontal maintenance therapy was performed at 2 month intervals to preserve mandibular anterior teeth. Multidisciplinary approach should be performed in this kind of case for satisfactory results. Unless occlusal relationship was corrected, treatment of severe gingival recession will be problematic. For satisfactory periodontal treatment, early diagnosis of trauma from occlusion and its treatment is very important. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:127-133)

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Mahad, C., S. Haitami, S. Adnane, I. Chafi, and I. Benyahya. "HEREDITARY GINGIVAL FIBROMATOSIS: CLINICAL CASES AND LITERATURE REVIEW." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 04 (April 30, 2021): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12666.

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Gingival fibromatosis (GF) is characterized by a slow and progressive proliferation that can affect the marginal and attached gingiva, or the inter-dental papillae. This condition can be localized or generalized, with varying degrees of severity.GF may develop in susceptible individuals as a side effect of systemic medications or as idiopathic gingival fibromatosis. It may also be related to hereditary factors and occurs as a non-syndromic hereditary gingival fibromatosis or as a part of a syndrome.Our aim is to describe trought four cases of hereditary gingival fibromatosis and a literature review the clinical features,etiopathogenesis, histopathological characteristics and treatment of this condition.

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Lim, Hyun-Chang, Jaemin Lee, Dae-Young Kang, In-Woo Cho, Hyun-Seung Shin, and Jung-Chul Park. "Digital Assessment of Gingival Dimensions of Healthy Periodontium." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081550.

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The aim of the present study was to re-visit the gingival dimension using digital scanning in a healthy Korean population. Forty-eight periodontally healthy volunteers (38 males and 10 females, mean age: 24.3 ± 2.2 years) were included. The mucogingival junction was highlighted using 2.5% diluted iodine solution. Then, the facial gingiva and mucosa of both jaws were digitally scanned using an intraoral digital scanner. Using computer software and periodontal probing, the heights and areas of keratinized gingiva (KG) and attached gingiva (AG) were measured. Similar distribution patterns in the gingival heights were noted in the maxilla and mandible. The maxilla showed substantially greater gingival values than the mandible. The heights of the KG and AG were notably smaller on the mandibular first premolar (2.37 mm and 1.07 mm, median value) and second molar (3.28 mm and 1.78 mm) than on the other teeth. The area of the KG was the largest in the canine (63.74 mm2 and 46.85 mm2) and first molar (64.14 mm2 and 58.82 mm2) in each jaw. Mandibular first and second molars, mandibular canine, and maxillary canine showed the highest value of the area under the receiver operation characteristics curve (>0.7) for differentiating between males and females. The gingival dimensions recorded using intraoral scanner demonstrated similar distribution patterns as in previous studies.

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Jung, Sung-ah, Yoon Jeong Choi, Dong-Won Lee, Kyung-Ho Kim, and Chooryung J. Chung. "Cross-sectional evaluation of the prevalence and factors associated with soft tissue scarring after the removal of miniscrews." Angle Orthodontist 85, no. 3 (August 6, 2014): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/101813-772.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence of distinguishable soft tissue scarring after the removal of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) such as orthodontic miniscrews and to analyze the factors associated with scar formation. Materials and Methods: The prevalence of soft tissue scarring in 66 patients (202 miniscrew removal sites) was clinically investigated at least 1 year after miniscrew removal. To determine the clinical factors associated with soft tissue scar formation, miniscrew stability; host factors including age, gender, and gingival biotype; and miniscrew-related factors such as insertion site, vertical position, and insertion period were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of a distinguishable scar remaining at least 1 year after miniscrew removal was 44.6%. Patients with flat gingiva showed a significantly higher prevalence of soft tissue scar formation than did those with pronounced scalloped gingiva (P < .05). Maxillary buccal removal sites showed a significantly higher prevalence of soft tissue scar formation than did those in the mandible or palatal slope (P < .05). Miniscrew sites at the alveolar mucosa showed a significantly lower prevalence of soft tissue scar formation than did those in the mucogingival junction or the attached gingiva (P < .01). Conclusion: The prevalence of distinguishable scarring after miniscrew removal was fairly high. On the basis of our results, patients with flat gingiva and buccal interdental gingival insertion sites are more susceptible to scar formation.

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Bayindir, Funda, Yusuf Ziya Bayindir, David J. Gozalo-Diaz, and Alvin G. Wee. "Coverage error of gingival shade guide systems in measuring color of attached anterior gingiva." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 101, no. 1 (January 2009): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3913(08)60290-5.

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Kemppainen, P., N. L. Avellan, H. O. Handwerker, and C. Forster. "Differences Between Tooth Stimulation and Capsaicin-induced Neurogenic Vasodilatation in Human Gingiva." Journal of Dental Research 82, no. 4 (April 2003): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910308200412.

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Animal experiments have shown that the application of capsaicin to oral mucosa leads to a neurogenic inflammation associated with blood flow elevations in gingivomucosal tissues. In this investigation, we measured the tooth stimulation and capsaicin-evoked blood flow responses in maxillary gingiva in humans to study whether axon-reflex-mediated vasodilatation crosses the midline of the maxilla. The vasoactive reactions were mapped by laser Doppler imaging. Unilateral stimulation of alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva by capsaicin evoked a distinct neurogenic vasodilatation in ipsilateral gingiva, which rapidly attenuated at the midline. Capsaicin stimulation of alveolar mucosa provoked clear inflammatory reactions. In contrast to capsaicin stimuli, tooth stimulation produced symmetrical vasodilatations bilaterally in the gingiva. The ipsilateral responses were significantly smaller during tooth stimulation than during capsaicin stimuli. Analysis of these data suggests that capsaicin-induced inflammatory reactions in gingivomucosal tissues do not cross the midline in the anterior maxilla. The enhanced reaction found during stimulation of alveolar mucosa indicates that alveolar mucosa is more sensitive to chemical irritants than attached gingiva.

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Sunil, Sathyanarayana, and MB Harsha. "Root Coverage using Double Papilla with Connective Tissue Graft: A 13-month Report of a Successful Case." Journal of Health Sciences & Research 8, no. 2 (2017): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10042-1054.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Several techniques have been used to achieve root coverage and augment attached gingiva, including laterally positioned flaps, coronally positioned flaps, free gingival grafts, guided tissue regeneration, and connective tissue grafting. The decision of using a pedicle procedure or free tissue grafts is based on availability of the adjacent donor site and the width and depth of the defect site. Case report In this report, a young female patient reported with a deep and wide recession defect (Miller's class I) in the upper right central incisor with minimal keratinized gingival width. As the adjacent papillae were wide and showed good donor tissue and augmentation of width and thickness of keratinized gingiva were intended, double-papilla flap and connective tissue graft was performed. The 13-month postoperative showed Cairo's root coverage esthetic score of 6, satisfying the patient's esthetic needs. Conclusion The root coverage achieved was structurally and functionally stable at 13-month follow-up satisfying the patient's esthetic needs. Clinical significance This procedure seems to be a promising treatment option for deep-wide gingival recessions for root coverage and increasing the thickness and width of keratinized gingiva. How to cite this article Sunil S, Babu HM. Root Coverage using Double Papilla with Connective Tissue Graft: A 13-month Report of a Successful Case. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):77-79.

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Wong, Ka Fai Andy, and Yifan Lin. "Thickness of buccal attached gingiva at miniscrew insertion sites." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 158, no. 2 (August 2020): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.04.011.

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Hyun, Hong-Keun, Soojung Kim, Changmin Lee, Teo Jeon Shin, and Young-Jae Kim. "Colorimetric distribution of human attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 117, no. 2 (February 2017): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.06.009.

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Ito, Masayasu, David B. Marx, Ansgar C. Cheng, and Alvin G. Wee. "Proposed Shade Guide for Attached Gingiva-A Pilot Study." Journal of Prosthodontics 24, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12195.

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Kennedy, James E., William C. Bird, Kent G. Palcanis, and Howard S. Dorfman. "A longitudinal evaluation of varying widths of attached gingiva." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 12, no. 8 (September 1985): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1985.tb00938.x.

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Schoo, W. H., and U. Velden. "Marginal soft tissue recessions with and without attached gingiva." Journal of Periodontal Research 20, no. 2 (March 1985): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1985.tb00427.x.

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Farkhshatova, R. R., L. P. Gerasimova, and I. T. Yunusov. "Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of surgical techniques for the treatment of Miller Class I gingival recessions." Parodontologiya 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2021-26-2-150-157.

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Relevance. It is currently relevant to study and compare the effectiveness of the autologous connective tissue grafts and the combination of collagen-based and autologous platelet-rich plasma in the surgical treatment of Miller Class I gingival recessions.Materials and methods. We examined and treated 48 (20 male (41.67%) and 28 female (58.33%)) patients aged from 25 to 40 years with Miller Class I gingival recessions. All gingival recessions were treated surgically using a modified twolayer tunnel technique. The patients were divided into two groups according to the graft type. Group I (24 patients (50%) had a connective tissue graft from the hard palate. Group II (24 patients (50%) used the combination of the autologous platelet-rich plasma and 3D collagen matrix Fibromatrix for the regeneration of oral soft tissues. We removed the sutures on the 14th day. The patients were followed up on the 7th and 14th days and in 1.3 months.Results. 48 Miller Class I gingival recessions were treated between 2018 and 2020. The depth of gingival recessions averaged 3.5 ± 1.13 mm before treatment. The level of the attached keratinized gingiva regarding the cementoenamel junction significantly (p < 0.001) improved in both groups after the surgery. The width and thickness of the keratinized gingiva best increased in group II. The mean effectiveness of gingival recession treatment was 84% in study group I and 96% – in study group II. Pain syndrome, fibrinous plaque and soft tissue edema were insignificant in group II.Conclusion. The combination of the autologous platelet-rich plasma and Fibromatrix, collagen 3D matrix, for the regeneration of the oral soft tissues is a more effective technique for the treatment of Miller Class I gingival recessions. This technique has several advantages. It is minimally invasive, less painful, soft tissue postoperative swelling is less and the received volume of the attached keratinized gums is larger than with a connective tissue graft.

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Agarwal, Mrinalini, and Deepa Dhruvakumar. "Coronally Repositioned Flap with Bioresorbable Collagen Membrane for Miller’s Class I and II Recession Defects: A Case Series." Medical Principles and Practice 28, no. 5 (2019): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500308.

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Objective: Gingival recession is one of the most common esthetic and functional concerns associated with periodontal tissues. Several techniques have been described to cover the exposed root surface. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of recession coverage using a coronally repositioned flap in conjunction with a bioresorbable collagen membrane. Methods: Eight non-smoking healthy subjects with Miller’s Class I and II recession defects in the maxillary anterior region were selected. Recession was treated by a coronally repositioned flap along with a bioresorbable type I collagen guided tissue regeneration membrane (Periocol®). Clinical parameters recorded were recession depth, recession width, width of keratinized tissue, and width of the attached gingiva at baseline and 3 months postoperatively. Results: Three-month postoperative measurements demonstrated significant root coverage and a reduction in the recession depth and width. In addition, there was a significant increase in the width of keratinized tissue and of the attached gingiva. Conclusion: Recession coverage with a coronally repositioned and bioresorbable collagen membrane demonstrated good results in terms of root coverage as well as increase in the width of keratinized tissue.

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Shrestha, Benju, Krishna Prasad Lamichhane, Shaili Pradhan, Ranjita Shrestha Gorkhali, and Pramod Kumar Koirala. "Clark’s Technique of Vestibuloplasty - A Case Report." Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v4i2.34305.

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Shallow vestibule can create a barrier in oral hygiene maintenance and can cause gingival recession due to the muscular traction. Inadequate vestibular depth in combination with inadequate attached gingiva is said to cause more food accumulation during mastication. Hence, shallow vestibule impeding with oral hygiene maintenance requires correction. Vestibuloplasty involves surgical procedure for repositioning of mucosa and muscle attachment thereby increasing the vestibular depth. There are various techniques of vestibuloplasty. This case report highlights upon the Clark’s technique of vestibuloplasty for correction of shallow vestibule.

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Rawal, Swati Y., Renita Burrell, Cameron S. Hamidi, John R. Kalmar, and Dimitris N. Tatakis. "Diffuse Pigmentation of Maxillary Attached Gingiva: Four Cases of the Cultural Practice of Gingival Tattoo." Journal of Periodontology 78, no. 1 (January 2007): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.060234.

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Vandana, KL, Singh Shivani, B. Savitha, and HP Vivek. "Assessment of gingival sulcus depth, width of attached gingiva, and gingival thickness in primary, mixed, and permanent dentition." Journal of Dental Research and Review 4, no. 2 (2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdrr.jdrr_42_17.

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Mehta, Payal, and Lum Peng Lim. "The width of the attached gingiva—Much ado about nothing?" Journal of Dentistry 38, no. 7 (July 2010): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2010.04.007.

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Saario, Maarit, Anja Ainamo, Keijo Mattila, Kimmo Suomalainen, and Jukka Ainamo. "The width of radiologically-defined attached gingiva over deciduous teeth." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 22, no. 12 (December 1995): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1995.tb01791.x.

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Anil, Sukumaran. "Plasma Cell Gingivitis Among Herbal Toothpaste Users: A Report of Three Cases." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 8, no. 4 (2007): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-8-4-60.

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Abstract Aim The aim of this article is to present a brief review of plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) along with reports of three cases with varying clinical presentations of the condition associated with the use of herbal toothpaste. Background PCG is a rare benign condition of the gingiva characterized by sharply demarcated erythematous and edematous gingivitis often extending to the mucogingival junction. This is considered a hypersensitive reaction. The histological appearance consists of a dense infiltration of normal plasma cells separated by collagenous stroma, usually confined to the free and attached gingiva. The lesion can be eliminated by identifying and avoiding the source of the allergen. Report Three patients ages 26, 27, and 36, respectively, presented with acutely inflamed gingival and a history of recently switching to herbal toothpaste. The gingiva bled readily on probing. Blood tests and gingival biopsy were not contributory. Patients were advised to refrain from the use of herbal toothpaste, and, along with periodontal treatment, the condition underwent remission within a week to two weeks in all three cases. Summary As more and more herbal products are gaining popularity, clinicians should be aware of some of the untoward effects of these products. Since PCG mimics lesions associated with leukemia and myeloma an early diagnosis of the condition is vital. Citation Anil S. Plasma Cell Gingivitis Among Herbal Toothpaste Users: A Report of Three Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 May;(8)4:060-066.

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Lee, Dong-Yeol, Young-Hyuk Kwon, Joon-Bong Park, Yeek Herr, and Jong-Hyuk Chung. "The effect on the formation of keratinized attached gingiva using free gingival graft with strip technique." Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology 36, no. 2 (2006): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5051/jkape.2006.36.2.305.

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KURE, Keisyo. "The role of attached gingiva in the extension of gingival inflammation. An experimental study in monkeys." Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology) 31, no. 2 (1989): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2329/perio.31.535.

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46

Azab, Ehab, and Abdel-Rahman Youssef. "Biocompatibility Evaluation of Human and Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix on Human Primary Gingival Fibroblasts: In Vitro Comparative Study." European Journal of Dentistry 15, no. 03 (June 18, 2021): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727551.

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Abstract Objective Allogeneic and xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts have been used to treat periodontal soft tissue defects. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of human ADM (AlloDerm) and porcine ADM (Derma) on human primary gingival fibroblasts in vitro regarding the biocompatibility test. Materials and Methods Gingival fibroblasts were obtained from healthy adult gingiva and seeded on AlloDerm or Derma ADM in 96-well plate. The control cells were grown on a surface-treated polystyrene cell-culture plate without matrix. The cells were cultured for 3, 7, and 14 days. The fibroblasts morphology was examined using inverted microscopy, and the cell viability of fibroblasts adherent to the dermal matrix was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay after 3, 7, and 14 days in culture. The data were statistically evaluated by one-way analysis of variance. p-Value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results Gingival fibroblasts adjacent to the AlloDerm and Derma matrices were healthy, attached to the well, and did not exhibit any cytopathic changes similar to control. There were no statistically significant differences in the cell viability between the gingival fibroblasts attached to Derma and AlloDerm on day 3 (p = 0.841), day 7 (p = 0.198), and day 14 (p = 0.788). Conclusion Considering this in vitro study’s limitations, both human and porcine ADM were compatible with the surrounding human primary gingival fibroblasts. No significant differences were observed in the cell viability between the gingival fibroblasts that were attached to Derma and AlloDerm.

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Volpato, Luiz Evaristo Ricci, Cristhiane Almeida Leite, Brunna Haddad Anhesini, Jéssica Marques Gomes da Silva Aguilera, and Álvaro Henrique Borges. "Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a Child Associated with Ectopic Eruption and Traumatic Habit with Control of Four Years." Case Reports in Dentistry 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6725913.

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Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a nonneoplastic lesion that may affect any region of the gingiva or alveolar mucosa of edentulous and toothed areas, preferentially in the mandible and rarely occurring in children. This report describes the clinical and histopathological findings of a PGCG diagnosed in the maxilla of a 9-year-old boy associated with a tooth erupting improperly and a traumatic habit. The patient did not present anything noteworthy on extraoral physical examination or medical history, but the habit of picking his teeth and “poking” the gingiva. The oral lesion consisted of an asymptomatic, rounded, pink colored, smooth surface, soft tissue injury with fibrous consistency and approximated size of 1.5 cm located in the attached gingiva between the upper left permanent lateral incisor and the primary canine of the same side. Excisional biopsy was performed through curettage and removal of the periosteum, periodontal ligament, and curettage of the involved teeth with vestibular access. The histopathological analysis led to the diagnosis of PGCG. The prompt diagnosis and treatment of the PGCG resulted in a more conservative surgery and a reduced risk for tooth and bone loss and recurrence of the lesion. After four years of control, patient had no relapse of the lesion and good gingival and osseous health.

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Nemcovsky, Carlos, and Ilan Beitlitum. "Combination Therapy for Reconstructive Periodontal Treatment in the Lower Anterior Area: Clinical Evaluation of a Case Series." Dentistry Journal 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj6040050.

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Clinically, periodontal regeneration may be achieved by the application of barrier membranes, grafts, wound-healing modifiers, and their combinations. Combination therapy refers to the simultaneous application of various periodontal reconstructive treatment alternatives to obtain additive effects. This approach may lead to assemblage of different regenerative principles, such as conductivity and inductivity, space provision and wound stability, matrix development and cell differentiation. The application of autogenous connective tissue grafts during periodontal regenerative treatment with enamel matrix proteins derivative (EMD) has been previously reported. The present case series present a modified approach for treatment of severe periodontally involved lower incisors presenting with thin gingival biotype, gingival recession, minimal attached and keratinized gingiva width and muscle and/or frenum pull. In all cases a combination therapy consisting of a single buccal access flap, root conditioning, EMD application on the denuded root surfaces and a free connective tissue graft was performed. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were consistently satisfactory, leading to probing depth reduction, clinical attachment gain, minimal gingival recession, increased attached and keratinizing gingival width, elimination of frenum and/or muscle pull together with radiographic bone fill of the defects. It may be concluded that the present combination therapy for reconstructive periodontal treatment in the lower anterior area is a valuable alternative for indicated cases.

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Pawan Kumar, Saindhya Tora Sonowal, and Jitu Chawla. "Functional and Esthetic Correction of Severe Localized Pregnancy-Induced Gingival Enlargement associated with Capillary Hemangioma." International Healthcare Research Journal 1, no. 8 (November 10, 2017): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/01_08/124.

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Gingival enlargement is a clinical condition that has been directly associated with specific local or systemic conditions. Pregnancy has been considered an attributing factor which increases the susceptibility to gingival enlargement. It is also considered as a risk factor for periodontitis because of its ability to allow proliferation of specific microorganisms and affect host immunological response. This paper presents a rare case report of capillary hemangioma on attached gingiva of anterior maxilla in an adult female which initiated when she was in her 10th week of gestation. After parturition, gingival enlargement further progressed and caused functional and aesthetic problem. Enlargement did not resolve even after non-surgical therapy; therefore, surgical excision of the entire enlargement was preformed. Histopathological examination revealed capillary hemangioma. No evidence of malignancy was seen. No recurrence was seen even after 2 years of follow-up.

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Panzarella, Bartolone, Ciavarella, Santarelli, Fede, Mauceri, and Campisi. "Use of Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Desquamative Gingivitis: A Case Series." Proceedings 35, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019035047.

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Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a descriptive term indicating the presence of erythematous, erosive, desquamative and vesiculo-bullous lesions in the free/attached gingiva, usually expression of several chronic systemic conditions [1]. [...]

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