Academic literature on the topic 'Attachment Style Questionnaire'

This study investigated the susceptibility of three popular measures of attachment styles to impression management (other-deception) and unconscious defensiveness (self-deception). Specifically, responses to the Attachment Style Questionnaire, Adult Attachment Scale, and the Relationship Questionnaire were correlated with the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding. Results indicate that all three measures are, to varying degrees, contaminated by impression management tendencies, while only the Relationship Questionnaire is free from a self-deceptive bias. These results have implications for interpreting responses to several frequently used measures of attachment styles, also for the theoretical issue of whether the avoidance attachment style is based on defensiveness.

Nella prima infanzia, gli individui sviluppano stili di attaccamento che possono essere di tipo sicuro versus insicuro, a seconda delle reazioni della figura primaria alle loro richieste di protezione e sicurezza. Il particolare stile di attaccamento sviluppato nella prima infanzia influenza il modello operativo interno, nelle relazioni intime adulte, guidando percezioni, attribuzioni e stile comunicativo tra partner. L'Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ, Feeney, Noller e Hanrahan, 1994) si presenta come un ottimo strumento per la misurazione degli stili di attaccamento in etŕ adulta: e di facile somministrazione e scoring, costa poco, ha ragionevoli proprietŕ psicometriche e validitŕ di criterio. Lo scopo del presente studio e di contribuire alla validazione dell'ASQ nel contesto italiano: 402 studenti universitari hanno partecipato allo studio. I coefficienti di affidabilitŕ variano da .64 a .71, presentando quindi moderati ma soddisfacenti livelli di affidabilitŕ. La validitŕ di criterio, esaminata tramite correlazioni sia tra le sottoscale dell'ASQ, sia tra queste e le descrizioni proposte da Hazan e Shaver (1987), confermano una buona corrispondenza tra lo strumento ed i profili. La struttura fattoriale e stata indagata attraverso analisi fattoriale confermativa che ha mostrato l'adeguatezza del modello a tre fattori: sicuro, evitante, ansioso. I risultati replicano quelli ottenuti da Feeney e colleghi anche nel contesto italiano. L'ASQ si pone dunque come un ottimo strumento auto-somministrabile per la misurazione delle differenze individuali negli stili di attaccamento anche in etŕ adulta. Nella discussione sono affrontate alcune questioni metodologiche legate alla misura dell'attaccamento in etŕ adulta.

Over the past few decades, the role of attachment in human life has been analyzed by many scientists. Attachment is one of the most basic motives of human behavior to provide a sense of security. Increasingly, the importance and impact of the attachment style shaped in childhood on interpersonal relationships in adulthood are emphasized. The child’s attachment to the parent is a prototype for later relationships with the spouse or other people from the immediate environment.
 Authors of the article present a new research method - Attachment Styles in the Family of Origin (ASFO) - which can be helpful in determining the attachment style formed during childhood (up to the age of 12). The questionnaire consists of 4 scales measuring 4 attachment styles: safe style, anxious-ambivalent style, avoidant style and rejecting style.

This study assessed, for the first time, the relationship between security attachment and marital satisfaction in an Arab country, Qatar. Accordingly, we used the marital satisfaction assessment, the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised attachment style questionnaire, and the Goldsmith Support Measure. Using a path analysis model, the results showed that secured attachment style positively influenced marital satisfaction but did not positively influence mutual support in a relationship. Unsecure attachment styles negatively influenced the level of mutual support and marital satisfaction. Importantly, the findings revealed a gender effect, with females receiving less mutual support from their male partners, than vice versa. We discuss the importance of these results in the context of Arab culture and gender differences.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether different patterns of workplace attachment exist and to explore the relations between adult attachment styles and the level of workplace attachment. Design/methodology/approach Participants were 351 Italian employees who completed a questionnaire composed of the Workplace Attachment Scale and the Relationship Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using correspondence analysis. Findings The results showed that high scores on workplace attachment correlated significantly with secure attachment style, while low scores correlated with insecure attachment styles. These results shed light on different workplace attachment styles. Research limitations/implications The limitation in this study mostly concern the use of self-reporting instruments to measure the participants’ attachment style, since they may be susceptible to distortions. However, the distribution of attachment styles in this sample is similar to the worldwide distribution, which supports the authors’ choice. Practical implications To the extent that it is possible to identify a specific workplace attachment style, it should also be possible to change some of the human resource management practices inducing employees to develop a workplace secure attachment style. Originality/value Researchers tended to ignore the extension of the adult attachment behavioral system to examine core environmental relationships. The present study, applying attachment theory to workplace attachment, provides theoretical support that the bonds that an individual forms with workplace can be classified as attachment bonds.

Background. The Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ) was developed to provide a brief self-report tool to assess adult attachment style in relation to depression and validated against an existing investigator-based interview (Attachment Style Interview – ASI). This paper describes the development and scoring of the VASQ and its relationship to poor support and major depression.Method. Items for the VASQ reflected behaviours, emotions and attitudes relating to attachment relationship style, drawn directly from the ASI. The VASQ was validated against the ASI for 262 community-based subjects. Test–retest was determined on 38 subjects.Results. Factor analysis derived two factors, labelled ‘insecurity’ and ‘proximity-seeking’. The VASQ insecurity dimension had highest mean scores for those with interview-based Angry-dismissive and Fearful styles and was significantly correlated with degree of interview-based insecurity. The proximity-seeking VASQ scores had highest mean for those with Enmeshed interview attachment style and was uncorrelated with ASI insecurity. VASQ scores were highly correlated with a well-known self-report measure of insecure attachment (Relationship Questionnaire) and text–retest reliability of the VASQ was satisfactory. The total VASQ score and the insecurity subscale proved highly related to poor support and to depressive disorder. This was not the case for the proximity-seeking subscale.Conclusion. The VASQ is a brief self-report measure that distinguishes individuals with attachment styles vulnerable for depressive disorder. The use of the measure for screening in research and clinical contexts is discussed.

The purpose was to investigate positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and coping with stress in relation to attachment styles. Undergraduate students ( N = 421) completed the Relationship Scales Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Coping with Stress Scale. Results indicated that secure attachment style was the unique predictor of positive affect while fearful and preoccupied attachment styles significantly predicted negative affect. Regarding life satisfaction, a positive correlation with secure attachment style and a negative correlation with fearful and preoccupied styles were seen. However, the unique predictor of life satisfaction was preoccupied attachment style. In terms of coping with stress, there was no significant association between attachment variables and avoidance coping style, but significant links were observed between problem-focused coping and dismissing, and fearful and preoccupied attachment styles.

The study was designed to extend inquiry on adult attachment style to include the variable of personal stamina. The data were derived from an anonymous survey administered to 163 college students (82 women and 81 men) in introductory psychology classes. Attachment style was measured by the Close Relationship Questionnaire, based on a four-category scheme suggested by Bartholomew. Stamina was evaluated with a self-report scale developed by R. A. Hicks. The pattern of statistically significant differences ( p < .001) in the relative frequency with which respondents self-identified with descriptions of each of the four attachment styles on the questionnaire diverged somewhat from those reported previously. Respondents who identified themselves as most accurately described by the questionnaire's alternative defined as characterizing secure attachment had significantly higher stamina scores than did those who self-endorsed the fearful or preoccupied alternatives in that categorical measure. No other pairwise comparisons of stamina scores were statistically significant. The results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that secure attachment is more facilitative of personal stamina than are insecure styles. Methodological limits on inferences and corresponding alternative interpretations, the potential effectiveness of defensive suppression of the attachment system in dismissing-avoidant adults, and directions for research are discussed.

Background: The Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) is a commonly used self-reporting questionnaire used to measure adult attachment styles. The RQ has two parts. RQ1, a single item where individuals have to indicate their preferred relationship style, and RQ2, where individuals can rate their relationship style in more detail using four different scales. Agreement is expected between the highest levels selected and the style chosen in RQ1. An advantage of the RQ is its brevity, whereas a disadvantage is that it constitutes a single item. A validation of RQ has not been clearly demonstrated, even though it has convergent validity in relation to other measurements in this area. Methods: 168 patients completed the RQ, the short version of the Experience in Close Relationships (Revised) questionnaire (ECR-R), and scales of depression and interpersonal problems. Regression analysis was conducted to examine the congruity in regard to attachment theory. Results: ratings from 15.5% of the patients showed disagreement between RQ1 and RQ2. Each type of attachment measured by the RQ was predicted by the ECR-R scores, as hypothesized. In the predictive analysis of depression and interpersonal problems, both RQ dimensions and ECR-R scores were coherent. Conclusions: RQ is a valid self-reported measurement that can be applied clinically on the condition that the rater identifies an agreement between RQ1 and RQ2.

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between attachment styles and various burnout risk groups (“relaxed”, “wornout”, “challenged” and “burnout”) and whether attachment styles suitably discriminate between individual burnout risk groups.MethodThe study involved 2,320 participants (1,668 women and 652 men), who completed an adrenal burnout syndrome questionnaire, a performance-based self esteem scale, a work addiction risk test and a relationship questionnaire.ResultsA one-way analysis of variance confirmed attachment style differences between burnout risk groups. The challenged and burnout groups differed from the relaxed and wornout groups by having a significantly lower secure attachment style score and a higher insecure (avoidant and preoccupied) attachment style score. The canonical discriminant analysis showed that the predictors (secure, preoccupied and avoidant attachment styles) can be used to appropriately classify 85.4% of respondents in the predicted burnout risk groups.ConclusionThe study confirmed the hypothesis that two insecure attachment styles (i.e. avoidant and preoccupied) predominate in the challenged and burnout groups, and that a secure attachment style predominates in the relaxed and wornout groups. Burnout syndrome can thus be conceived as the result of excessive and compulsive efforts to retain a relationship that is perceived as insecure or to reduce (excessive) fear of losing this relationship.

Insecure attachment styles in infants are linked to mental health difficulties in later life (Fearon, Lapsley, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van Ijzendoom & Roisman, 2010), and are consequently important for identifying individuals at risk for psychopathology. The reliable and valid measurement of attachment security in infants is well documented (Ainsworth, 1979) as are measures for adults (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985). However, reliable and valid measurement of attachment in middle childhood remains underdeveloped. The Child Attachment Questionnaire (CASQ) and Child Attachment Style Interview (CAS!) (Bifulco, Moran, Ball & Bernazzani, 2002a; Bifulco, Moran, Ball & Lillie, 2002b) were investigated for reliability and validity. Rates of attachment styles were expected to reflect those found in other studies of attachment in middle childhood. Insecure attachment identified with the CASQ was expected to correlate with higher clinical symptom scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and lower self-esteem scores on the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. 132 participants aged 9-11 years from a community sample completed the CASQ, SDQ and Rosenberg scale, of which 23 participants also completed the CASI. Rates of attachment security were similar to comparison studies in middle childhood. Children categorised with insecure attachments (both avoidant and anxious) were found to have significantly higher rates of clinical symptoms than securely categorised participants, and participants categorised as anxiously attached had significantly lower rates of self-esteem than securely categorised participants. The CASQ scales of attachment correlated significantly positively with the CASl scales of attachment. However, the overall categorisation of attachment style between the two measures was non-significant. The CASQ demonstrated significant test-retest reliability when read-ministered after five months. Evidence was found for validity and reliability of the CASQ, and validity of the CAST. High numbers were also identified in the "mixed" and "can't classify" groups. Developments of the measures and clinical implications were discussed.

Tidigare forskning har visat att föräldrars anknytningsstil och personlighet samverkar och påverkar varandra. Men hur ser förhållandena ut mellan anknytningsstil, självkänsla, välmående och personlighet? I den här uppsatsen prövades fem hypoteser huruvida det fanns samband mellan dessa. Detta gjordes via en enkät som mätte de fem grundläggande dimensioner (vänlighet, extraversion, neuroticism, öppenhet och samvetsgrannhet), subjektivt psykiskt välmående, självkänslan samt anknytningen utifrån fem aspekter; två otrygga av karaktären avståndstagande (distans och sakorientering) och två av ängslig/närhetssökande karaktär (relationsfixering och bifallsbehov) samt tillit, den trygga anknytningsstilen som utmärks av ett tryggt och tillitsfullt förhållande till sig själv och till andra. De verktyg som användes var Big Five Inventory (BFI), Välmåendeformuläret, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) samt Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Enkätens reliabilitet var genomgående god. Totalt svarade 853 deltagare på enkäten i åldrarna mellan 20-74 år (M = 43.3, SD = 10.15) där 67.3% var kvinnor. Korrelationsanalyser och multipla regressionsanalysen genomfördes. Hypoteserna fick stöd i studien, anknytningsstilen kan prediceras av personlighetsdrag, välmående och självkänsla. Resultaten visade att anknytningsstilen tillit prediceras med positiva samband av vänlighet, extraversion, självkänsla och välmående samt ett negativt samband av neuroticism, vilket övriga anknytningsstilar inte har.<br>Previous research has shown that parents' attachment style and personality interact and influence each other. But what do the relationships between attachment style, self-esteem, well-being and personality look like? In this essay, five hypotheses were tested to see how these correlates with each other. This was done by a survey that measured the five basic dimensions (agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness and conscientiousness), subjective well-being, self-esteem and attachment style based on five aspects; two insecure of distancing nature and two of an anxious / closeness-seeking nature, the secure attachment style is characterized by a secure relationship with oneself and others. The survey was based on Big Five Inventory (BFI), Questionnaire on well-being, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). The reliability of the survey was good. A total of 853 participants responded to the survey between the ages of 20-74 (M = 43.3, SD = 10.15), where 67.3% were women. Correlation analyzes and multiple regression analyzes were performed. The hypotheses were confirmed, attachment style can be predicted by personality traits, well-being and self-esteem. The results showed that the secure attachment is predicted by and has a positive correlation with agreeableness, extraversion, self-esteem and well-being as well as a negative correlation to neuroticism, which the other attachment styles did not have.

Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is a general assumption in psychology that past social relationships and experiences influence present social behaviour. With attachment theory and current social-cognitive theory as conceptual basis, the present study focused on the association between past experiences with significant others and the current processing of interpersonal information. By means of a 2x3x4 experimental design the study investigated the influence of chronic accessibility and subliminal priming (of significant other representations) on the accuracy and speed of processing scripted interpersonal information. One hundred and thirty seven university students took part in two sessions no more than two weeks apart. In session one they completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Feeny, Noller & Hanrahan, 1994), and provided the names of positive and negative significant others. According to a median split of the Confidence Scale of the ASQ, they were assigned to a chronic positive or a chronic negative group, assuming that the information based on predominantly positive or negative experiences with positive or negative significant others will be chronically more accessible. In session two, in an individual computer task, they were subliminally primed (33 ms) with a control word or the name of the positive or negative significant other to increase the accessibility of the appropriate memory structures. They were then asked to read a positive, negative, mixed or ambiguous script of an interpersonal event and complete a memory test of 36 interpersonal statements (nine positive, nine negative, nine ambiguous and nine filler statements). The accuracy and response time for every statement was recorded, and the response times of accurate responses for positive and negative scripts were included in the main analysis. Separate univariate analyses of the differences between positive and negative priming per polarity of chronic group and script supported the priming hypothesis. The average response time of the chronic negative group was fastest when they received a negative prime (p = .039), and the positive group was fastest when they received a positive prime (p = .000). The results of a two-way analysis of variance for chronic group and script showed a highly significant interaction effect between chronic group and script (p = .000). When the primes were congruent to the scripts, the chronic groups were significantly faster in recognising statements from a congruent script. The results supported the conjunctive model of priming. The implications of these findings for the understanding of the cognitive structures and processes involved in processing interpersonal information are discussed, with specific reference to relational schemas and attachment working models. Possible directions for future research as well as the application of the results are also described.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is ‘n algemene aanname in die sielkunde dat sosiale verhoudinge en ervarings uit die verlede ‘n invloed het op huidige sosiale gedrag. Vanuit die bindingsteorie en die huidige sosiaal-kognitiewe teorie as konseptuele uitgangspunt, fokus die huidige studie op die assosiasie tussen ervaringe met betekenisvolle persone in die verlede en die huidige prosessering van interpersoonlike inligting. Met behulp van ‘n 2x3x4 eksperimentele ontwerp is ondersoek ingestel na die invloed van chroniese toeganklikheid en subliminale opwekking (van geheuevoorstellings van betekenisvolle ander) op die akkuraatheid en spoed waarmee interpersoonlike tekste verwerk word. Eenhonderd-sewe-en-dertig universiteitstudente het deelgeneem aan twee sessies wat nie meer as twee weke na mekaar plaasgevind het nie. Tydens sessie een het die deelnemers die Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Feeny, Noller & Hanrahan, 1994) voltooi en die name van positiewe en negatiewe betekenisvolle persone voorsien. Op grond van die mediaan-verdeling van die Selfvertroue Skaal van die ASQ is die deelnemers toegewys aan ’n chronies positiewe of chronies negatiewe groep, met die veronderstelling dat inligting gebaseer op oorwegend positiewe of negatiewe ervarings met positiewe of negatiewe betekenisvolle ander deurlopend meer toegankilk sal wees. Tydens sessie twee, wat ’n individuele rekenaartaak behels het, is ’n subliminale stimulus (33 ms) van ’n kontrole-woord, of die naam van ’n positiewe of negatiewe betekenisvolle ander aan hulle aangebied om die toeganklikheid van die toepaslike geheue-strukture verder te verhoog. Daarna is hulle versoek om ‘n positiewe, negatiewe, gemengde of dubbelsinnige teks van ’n interpersoonlike gebeurtenis te lees en ’n geheuetoets van 36 stellings te voltooi wat bestaan het uit nege positiewe, nege negatiewe, nege dubbelsinnige en nege neutrale stellings. Die akkuraatheid en reaksiespoed van elke stelling is gemeet en die reaksietyd van die akkurate response op stellings uit positiewe en negatiewe tekste is in die primêre ontleding ingesluit. Die resultate van onafhanklike eenveranderlike ontledings van die verskille tussen positiewe en negatiewe opwekking per polariteit van chroniese groep en teks, het die hipotese van opwekking ondersteun. Die gemiddelde responstyd van die chroniese negatiewe groep was die vinnigste wanneer hulle die negatiewe stimulus ontvang het (p = .039) en die van die positiewe groep was die vinnigste wanneer hulle die positiewe stimulus ontvang het (p = .000). Die resultate van ’n tweerigting variansieontleding van chroniese groep en teks het ‘n beduidende interaksie tussen chroniese groep en teks aangedui (p = .000). Wanneer die opwekkingstimuli kongruent met die tekste was, was die chroniese groepe betekenisvol vinniger in die herkenning van stellings van die kongruente teks. Die resultate ondersteun ’n konjunktiewe model van opwekking. Die implikasies van die bevindinge vir die verstaan van die kognitiewe strukture en prosesse betrokke by die verwerking van interpersoonlike inligting word bespreek, met spesifieke verwysing na verhoudingskemas en die gebruiksmodelle in bindingsteorie. Riglyne vir toekomstige navorsing op die gebied word verskaf, en die implikasies vir die praktiese toepassing van die resultate word bespreek.

Abstract This study seeks to explore mental representations of caregiving, an area of attachment that has been the subject of relatively little research. The Caregiving Styles Questionnaire (CSQ) was developed as a cost effective and efficient alternative to lengthier caregiving interviews, and this study examines its internal and external validity. An initial item critique was used to examine underlying constructs of the measure. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three factor structure, which was replicated in a subsequent EFA using a data set that differed primarily in the age of the target child. The three factors included (1) Relationship uncertainty, (2) Needy uncertainty, and (3) Rejecting representations of caregiving. Each of these scales had high reliability, and the results reflected existing caregiving representations that have been theorized in previous studies. These findings, particularly the generalizability of the measure across age groups, indicate that it would be worthwhile to continue refining the CSQ items in order to provide a valid measure of an understudied behavioral system.

博士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>教育心理與輔導學系<br>98<br>The purpose of this research is compiling an Eight-dimension Humor Styles Questionnaire used for teenagers and adults by comparing how humor style differs from various developmental stages, ethnic groups, and sexes, and then to analyze the correlation and the predictive power among self-esteem, personality and attachment style. There is a sample of 2,905 people, from junior high to adults around seventy. The research methods include descriptive statistics, two-way MANOVA, Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Pearson’s product moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results is as following : 1. Results from questionnaire compilation As far as reliability and validity are concerned, Cronbach α fall between .81and .88 within the Eight-dimension Humor Styles Questionnaire. Values of retest-reliability fall between .76 and .88. Besides, both interior and exterior qualities are acceptable according to confirmatory factor analysis. 2. Findings from the research of eight-dimension humor styles (1) Comparison between different developmental stages and sexes: A. In those humor styles such as: overreach oneself, self-flatter, active aggression and responsive aggression, male is more significant than female; however, female is more significant than male in the humor style of self-jeer. B. The research shows that the humor style of self-jeer is usually developed till late adolescence. As to humor style of overreach oneself and active aggression, there is no significant difference in teenagers (from junior high to college), but the significance decreases for adults. (2) Comparison between different sexes and ethnic groups: A. In humor style of affiliation and self-enhancing, the aboriginal people are more significant than the Han people. B. In humor style of overreach oneself, self-defeating and self-flatter, the aboriginal people is also more significant than the Han people. There is no difference on above results in various educational backgrounds of the two peoples. (3) The correlation with self-esteem: A. There is a positive correlation between four humor styles of affiliation, self-enhancing, jeer-self, and responsive aggression and self-esteem. B. There is a negative correlation between humor styles of overreach oneself and self-defeating and self-esteem. C. There is no correlation between humor styles of active aggression and self-flatter and self-esteem during junior high to college . However, at the adult stage, the correlation become negative. (4) The correlation with personality and its predictive power: A. There is a positive correlation between Big Five personality traits and four positive humor styles. B. There is a negative correlation between the humor styles of overreach oneself and Big Five personality traits; the correlation between the humor style of self-flatter and conscientiousness personality is also negative. C. There is no correlation between the humor style of self-defeating and Big Five personality traits; however, the correlation between humor style of active aggression and, open-to-experience personality is positive; and correlation with agreeableness, conscientiousness personality is negative. D. In terms of predictive power, extraversion can predict humor styles of affiliation, jeer oneself, and self-flatter significantly. E. The personality of emotional stability shows highly negative predictive power for the humor style of overreach oneself. F. The open-to-experience personality shows the highest predictive power for the humor styles of self-enhancing and active aggression. G. The agreeableness personality can well predict the humor style of aggression in negative direction. (5) The correlation with attachment style and its predictive power: A. The humor style of affiliation, self-jeer, self-enhancing, and responsive aggression has positive correlation with secure attachment. B. The humor style of overreach oneself, self-defeating, self-flatter and active aggression has positive correlation with anxious attachment. C. There is a mid-degree correlation between avoidant attachment and overreach oneself. D. The secure attachment can predict all positive humor styles significantly. E. The anxious attachment can predict all negative humor styles significantly. F. Among four attachment styles, the secure attachment and the anxious attachment have most predictive power for the performance of humor styles. The research proves that there are eight different humor styles existing in Taiwan, and some reflect the positive psychological characteristics and the others reflect the negative sides. In addition, the research also shows the difference of humor styles in various ethnic groups, sexes, and developmental stages. These findings can be used as experimental data or suggestion for future studies.

Introduction. Physical Intimate Partner violence (PIPV)is a prevalent problem throughout the world, withserious negative impactsfor the victims. A great deal of research is aimed at identifying vulnerability and protective factors among victims. Previous studies have associated PIPVvictimization with insecureparental attachment. However, little is known about the role of dysfunctional attitudes(DA)in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This study aimed to evaluate DA as a mediator between parental attachment and PIPV victimization of young adults. Methods.Self-report questionnaires were completed by 915 young French adults to assess their attachment styles, DA (related to sociotropy and autonomy), andhistory of physical assault. Results. Twohundred and six participants (21.1%) reported having beenvictims of PIPV. Path analyses confirmed the indirect effect of DA in the relationship between parental attachment styles and PIPV victimizationin young adults. DA related to sociotropy appearedto be a partial mediator of attachment to the mother and PIPV victimization,while DA related to autonomy appearedto be a partial mediator of attachment to the father and PIPVvictimization.Conclusion. Insecureparental attachment is associated with more DAand a risk of PIPVvictimization in emerging adulthood.

"Introduction: Place attachment is multi-dimensional and depends on a reciprocal relationship between behavior and experience. It comes from environmental psychology, and it has its roots in the theory of attachment because of an emotional link between an individual and a place. The present paper aims to describe the psychometric characteristics of the Slovak version of The Workplace Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Srima, 2018). Methods: The original questionnaire consists of 15 items with a Likert scale ranging from totally disagree to agree. The research sample consisted of 645 working adults of a convenience sample, aged from 16 to 78 years, consisting of 54.9% women, from various work fields (finance, sales, education). We randomly divided the sample into two halves for separate studies. Results: In the first study with 323 adult participants, we used exploratory factor analysis to examine its construct validity. According to exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 15-item questionnaire to a 9-item structure with three original factors: secure (AM = 6.23, SD = 2.32), dismissive (AM = 3.64, SD = 2.54), and preoccupied (AM = 3.64, SD = 2.31) workplace attachment styles, with an average internal consistency of 0.75. In the second study with 322 participants, we executed the confirmatory factor analysis, which confirmed the three-factor structure, with an average internal consistency of 0.65. Discussion: The results confirmed the original three-factor structure of The Workplace Attachment Styles Questionnaire with 9 original items instead of 15. This paper contributes to the shorter version of the Workplace Attachment Styles questionnaire adapted to the Slovak population. The study's limitations are the absence of other measurement tools that could verify the construct of workplace attachment itself (Adult Attachment in the Workplace, Experience in Close Relationship Questionnaire). That is also what is worth doing in the next research."