Academic literature on the topic 'Attacking and defensive actions of the team'
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Journal articles on the topic "Attacking and defensive actions of the team"
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Hochstein, Stefan, Dirk Hohenstein, and Andreas Hohmann. "Goal Shot Analysis in Elite Water Polo—World Cup Final 2018 in Berlin." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031298.
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The subject of this game analysis was the throwing behavior of the world class players under competition match conditions during the final “World Cup Water Polo” tournament 2018 in Berlin. Specifically, we analyzed (a) the situational dependence of concrete environmental conditions (“constraints”) of successful throwing actions as well as (b) the goal throw biomechanics concerning throwing speed. Therefore, player’s and ball positions were recorded by video cameras as well as high-speed cameras. Based on the positions and trajectories parameters such as goal throw speed, Voronoi-cells as well as team centroids were calculated. The area of the Voronoi-cells differs concerning defending and attacking teams as well as between successful and non-successful teams and can be used as an indicator for goal or no goal. Under semi-collective tactical aspects, the comparison of the offensively and defensively controlled field areas (collective space control) between successful and unsuccessful goal throws shows that in the case of successful attacking completions, the attacking team (in the sum of its six players) each controlled significantly more field area in front of the opponent’s goal than the six defensive players together with their goalkeeper. In the case of unsuccessful attacking attempts, this area ratio was exactly reversed, i.e., the defensive team dominated the space.
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Volodymyr, Perevoznyk, Pavlo Perepelytsia, and Volodymyr Paievskyi. "Analysis of the effectiveness of ball selection by the Ukrainian national team in the games of the group round of the European Football Championship 2024." Sports games, no. 1(35) (February 7, 2025): 67–72. https://doi.org/10.15391/si.2025-1.08.
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Technical and tactical actions (TTA) in football are performance indicators of players’ actions on the field. These include passes, ball recoveries, tackles, interceptions, shots, and more. Most technical and tactical actions consist of passing and ball tackling. In football, the winning team is often the one whose players achieve a higher percentage of successful ball recovery attempts against opponents. Both attacking and defending players must not only understand how to properly engage in physical challenges for the ball but also effectively apply this knowledge during official matches. Purpose of the study: To determine the error rate in ball recoveries by the Ukrainian national team during the group stage matches of the 2024 UEFA European Football Championship. Methods of research: Theoretical analysis and synthesis of data from scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation methods, and methods of mathematical statistics. Ball recovery attempts by the players of the Ukrainian men’s national team were recorded during group stage matches at the 2024 UEFA European Football Championship. Both successful and unsuccessful recovery attempts were recorded in three zones of the field: the middle zone, defensive zone, and attacking zone. The error rate for each team was calculated as the percentage of unsuccessful attempts relative to the total number of ball recovery attempts. Results of the study: It was found that in the defensive zone, the highest error rate in ball recovery was recorded during the match against the Slovak national team. In the match against the Belgian national team, Ukrainian players achieved the lowest error rate in ball recovery. The error rate in the middle zone of the field during the matches against Slovakia was 63±0.66%, while against Belgium it was 62.5±0.69%. Conclusions: The analysis of the Ukrainian national team’s group stage matches at the 2024 UEFA European Football Championship revealed an error rate in ball recovery ranging from 25.25±0.67% to 56.25±0.72% in the defensive zone, from 34.00±0.71% to 63.00±0.66% in the middle zone, and from 33.25±0.73% to 75.00±0.62% in the attacking zone. The lowest error rate was observed in the defensive zone during the match against the Belgian national team.
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Casal, Claudio A., José L. Losada, Ana María De Benito, Rubén Maneiro, and Iyán Iván-Baragaño. "Defensive pressure strategies and their impact on offensive play in elite women’s football." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 25, no. 2 (2025): 32–51. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.649741.
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Recent studies have focused on offensive behaviours in elite women's football, but the relationship between defensive actions and opposing offensive transitions remains underexplored. This study analysed how defensive pressure during dynamic transitions affects offensive patterns in the UEFA Women’s Champions League 2023/2024. Data from 13 matches involving 16 teams and 1,324 transitions were coded using the “Transfootb” observation tool, developed by two UEFA PRO coaches. The analysis, supported by high inter- and intra-observer reliability (kappa indices of 0.9 and 0.85), incorporated 13 technical-tactical and 4 contextual criteria. Main results indicate that defensive pressure leads to more direct attacks by opponents, fewer passes, reduced player involvement, shorter possessions, and diminished offensive efficiency. Multivariate analysis revealed that variables like match result, match status, game period, team location, defensive positioning, ball recovery type, attacking player involvement, and period time shaped defensive pressure strategies. The findings highlight the adaptability of teams in modifying defensive approaches based on the interplay of technical-tactical and contextual factors, as well as the influence of a team's defensive behaviour on its opponents' offensive behaviour. These insights can inform training and tactical planning to optimize both defensive and offensive phases of play in elite women’s football. Estudios recientes han estudiado los comportamientos ofensivos en el fútbol femenino de élite, pero la relación entre las acciones defensivas y las transiciones ofensivas contrarias sigue estando poco explorada. Este estudio analizó cómo la presión defensiva durante las transiciones dinámicas afecta a los patrones ofensivos en la UEFA Women's Champions League 2023/2024. Se codificaron los datos de 13 partidos, 16 equipos y 1.324 transiciones utilizando la herramienta de observación “Transfootb”, desarrollada por dos entrenadores UEFA PRO. El análisis, respaldado por una alta fiabilidad inter-observadores e intra-observadores (índices kappa de 0,9 y 0,85), incorporó 13 criterios técnico-tácticos y 4 contextuales. Los principales resultados indicaron que la presión defensiva condujo a ataques más directos por parte de los adversarios, menos pases, menor participación de los jugadores, posesiones más cortas y menor eficacia ofensiva. El análisis multivariante reveló que variables como el resultado final y parcial, el momento del partido, la ubicación del equipo, el posicionamiento defensivo, el tipo de recuperación del balón, la implicación de los jugadores atacantes y el periodo de tiempo determinaron las estrategias de presión defensiva. Los resultados ponen de relieve la capacidad de adaptación de los equipos para modificar los planteamientos defensivos en función de la interacción de factores técnico-tácticos y contextuales, así como la influencia de los comportamientos defensivos de un equipo sobre los ofensivos del rival. Estas conclusiones pueden servir de base para el entrenamiento y la planificación táctica con el fin de optimizar las fases defensiva y ofensiva del juego en el fútbol femenino de élite. Estudos recentes têm-se centrado nos comportamentos ofensivos no futebol feminino de elite, mas a relação entre as acções defensivas e as transições ofensivas adversárias continua pouco explorada. Este estudo analisou a forma como a pressão defensiva durante as transições dinâmicas afecta os padrões ofensivos na UEFA Women's Champions League 2023/2024. Dados de 13 jogos envolvendo 16 equipas e 1.324 transições foram codificados usando a ferramenta de observação “Transfootb” desenvolvida por dois treinadores do UEFA PRO. A análise, apoiada por uma elevada fiabilidade inter-observador e intra-observador (índices kappa de 0,9 e 0,85), incorporou 13 critérios técnico-tácticos e 4 critérios contextuais. Os principais resultados indicam que a pressão defensiva conduziu a mais ataques diretos dos adversários, menos passes, menos envolvimento dos jogadores, posses de bola mais curtas e menor eficácia ofensiva. A análise multivariada revelou que variáveis como o resultado final e parcial, o momento do jogo, a localização da equipa, o posicionamento defensivo, o tipo de recuperação de bola, o envolvimento do jogador atacante e o período de tempo determinaram as estratégias de pressão defensiva. Os resultados evidenciam a capacidade de adaptação das equipas para modificar as abordagens defensivas em função da interação de factores técnico-tácticos e contextuais, bem como a influência do comportamento defensivo de uma equipa no comportamento ofensivo do adversário. Estas conclusões podem servir de base ao treino e ao planeamento tático, a fim de otimizar as fases defensiva e ofensiva do jogo no futebol feminino de elite.
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Grutsyak, Nataliya. "Tactical training in training students who attend volleyball classes in an unsportsmanlike university." Спортивні ігри (SPORT GAMES), no. 2 (12) (February 7, 2019): 4–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2544949.
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<em>The main thing in the team formation is using attackers and connecting players of the team and moreover it’s very essential not to copy the player’s placement or play of other teams. <strong>Purpose:</strong> to determine the basic tactical attack and defense schemes which are used in the teams of the faculties of KhNU. Meterial and research methods. Pedagogical observation which has been conducting during 2017-2018 years , with the participation of 8 men's volleyball teams of the faculties of the KhNU. VN Karazin during inter-university competition. The placement of the players and tactical interactions in defense and attack have also been analyzed.<strong> Results of research. </strong>It was established that the combined teams of faculties in connection with the level of their technical training most of all used a 2-4 placement. In defense, teams often used such interactions as a single block, insurance for a player who is free in a block, and in an attack - an attack from zones 2 and 4. The use of the author's methodology in the work with the men's national team of the Volgograd KhNU team has led to the highest result that the team showed in the last season, as taking first place among the men's volleyball teams of universities in Kharkov. The university's volleyball team in competitions among universities applied the game system 1-5; protective action, such as: group blocking, the sixth drawn block, compulsory usage of the player "Libero" in the attack, the wide usage of attacking combinations, including the attack from the second line ("Pipe", "Echelon"), the rotation of aimed planning and power serve in the jump, which significantly expanded the attacking team arsenal. <strong>Conclusion</strong>:The role of tactical training side by side with the other elements of training, is quite essential. If students understand how to behave in a game situation, have a certain base of technical skills, they will consciously use their skills in the game, relying on the positive result and the emotional side of the game, which consists of the individual abilities of each player and, as a result, develops into a team result.</em>
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Ma, Seowoo. "Technical performance in the English Premier League." Journal of Human Sport and Exercise 20, no. 3 (2025): 918–31. https://doi.org/10.55860/hzz6qe34.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the technical performance metrics of top- and bottom-tier English Premier League teams, examine the effect of match location on these metrics, and identify the statistically significant factors of winning. A total of 266 match observations were analysed via Mann–Whitney U tests and binary logistic regression. Top-tier teams had higher numbers in Shot, Shot on Target, Successful Take-On, Tackle Attacking 3rd, Pass Completed, Through Ball, Long Pass Completed, and Cross. Bottom-tier teams, on the other hand, recorded more Shot on Target Against, Clearance, Blocked Shot, Tackle Defensive 3rd, Yellow Card, Long Pass Completed %, and Aerial Duel Won. Generally, teams had increased offensive outputs in home games, while playing away primarily influenced defensive actions. For top-tier teams, each additional Aerial Duel Won and Shot on Target increased winning odds by 35% and 65%, respectively. Cross, Tackle Attacking 3rd, and Shot on Target Against decreased these odds by 30%, 43%, and 45%, respectively. Among bottom-tier teams, each event of Clearance increased odds of winning by 13%, while Shot on Target Against decreased them by 37%. These findings can be useful to coaches and performance analysts for evaluating and improving team performance.
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Pizarro, David, Alba Práxedes, Bruno Travassos, and Alberto Moreno. "Development of Defensive Actions in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games With Offensive Purposes in Futsal." Frontiers in Psychology 11 (October 26, 2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591572.
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Based on ecological dynamics approach, non-linear pedagogy (NLP) have emerged with the goal of promoting a holistic approach through the use of small-sided and conditioned games (SSCGs), to optimize specific tactical defensive and offensive behaviors of players. This study analyzed the indirect effects of an intervention program, based on NLP (task design based on tactical principles of attack and numerical advantage of attacking team), in decision-making (DM) and execution (Ex) in defensive technical–tactical actions in U16 futsal. Eight futsal players (U16 years) participated in 12 training sessions, spread over two phases: preintervention and intervention. The Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET) instrument was used to analyze the DM and Ex of 2,600 defensive actions measured during competitive matches. Results showed significant improvements in marking actions (to the player with the ball: DM, p = 0.001; Ex, p = 0.001; and to the player without the ball: DM, p = 0.039; Ex, p = 0.046), improvements in blocking actions (DM, p = 0.015), and improvements in help-coverage actions (Ex, p = 0.014). No significant differences were found in the interception and tackling actions. This study has shown evidence that the NLP approach is an appropriate theoretical framework to enhance acquisition of defensive tactical behavior in futsal. However, not all actions improved. Therefore, coaches should design representative tasks to optimally develop technical–tactical training processes based on the phases of futsal game (offensive and defensive) and considering the level of opposition.
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Fasold, Frowin, and Dennis Redlich. "Foul or no Foul? Effects of Permitted Fouls on the Defence Performance in Team Handball." Journal of Human Kinetics 63, no. 1 (2018): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0006.
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Abstract Attacking phases in team handball are highly dynamic, characterized by fast movements and a high frequency of fast passes with the aim to score a goal. Consequently, the opposing/defending team tries to prevent successful offensive actions by restraining the offensive opportunities and the probabilities of scoring a goal. According to the rules, defensive players are allowed to use body contact (e.g. with bent arms) to get in and keep their optimal defending position. If such a contact is not in line with the rules (e.g. clutching or pushing) and results in a turnover of ball possession, a foul is called and a free-throw awarded. However, there is a lack of research answering the question if a permitted foul (without personal sanction) is an effective way to increase the probability of defending the own goal successfully, because afterwards the attacking team keeps possession of the ball. Thus, we investigated 1052 attacking phases during games at the elite level to verify whether fouls committed by a defender influenced successful attacking (goal vs. no goal). It was found that when the attack was interrupted by a permitted foul, 50.60% of the attacks ended with a goal. Yet, when no foul was committed, only 47.09% of the attacks ended with a goal, however, the analysis revealed that this difference was not significant. Therefore, we concluded that neither a strategy of stopping offensive actions by body contact nor avoiding fouls and focusing only on intercepting the ball were favourable solutions in successful defending in team handball. It seems effective to implement a defence strategy with clearly defined fouling zones and situations, to deal with the tactical possibility of permitted fouls in handball. This idea and further considerations are discussed for sports practice.
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Milanović, Dragan, Dinko Vuleta, and Katarina Ohnjec. "Performance Indicators of Winning and Defeated Female Handball Teams in Matches of the 2012 Olympic Games Tournament." Journal of Human Kinetics 64, no. 1 (2018): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0198.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine performance indicators of winning and defeated women teams of the 2012 Olympic Games handball tournament. The sample of entities consisted of 27 games played during the preliminary round of the competition. The sample of variables consisted of the completed and unsuccessfully executed technical and tactical handball elements in attacking and defensive actions during handball matches (14 variables describing performance in attack and three variables related to defensive play). The differences between the winning and defeated teams in performance variables were determined using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The results showed statistically significant differences between the winning and defeated teams in the following variables: successful fast-break shots (5.11 ± 2.79 vs. 3.00 ± 1.88), unsuccessful wing shots (2.33 ± 1.24 vs. 3.67 ± 1.98), unsuccessful long-range shots (10.70 ± 3.98 vs. 13.37 ± 4.33), steals (5.48 ± 2.28 vs. 4.04 ± 2.07), and assists (13.81 ± 4.04 vs. 11.37 ± 3.59). The winning teams were better in the variables defining offensive performance effectiveness, especially with regard to successful performance of counter attacks; they also had higher efficiency of attacking actions with a strict selection of distance shots and wing shots, as well as a higher number of assists and steals.
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Nikolaeva, Ol'ga, and Alexey Shvets. "Analysis of the effectiveness of performing the second touch using deceptive movements by highly qualified beach volleyball athletes." Scientific notes of P. F. Lesgaft University, no. 4 (April 17, 2025): 110–17. https://doi.org/10.5930/1994-4683-2025-4-110-117.
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The purpose of the study is to enhance the scientific understanding of the issue of improving the effectiveness of attacking actions of highly qualified beach volleyball athletes through the use of deceptive movements during the second touch. Research methods and organization: analysis and summarization of specialized scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical observation; method of statistical processing of research results. A pedagogical observation was conducted with an analysis of the competitive activities of highly qualified beach volleyball athletes from the Swedish national team (David Ahman, Jonatan Hellvig). Data were collected using the Data Volley program and entered into specially formulated protocols, containing designations for each touch of the ball during the match. Research results and conclusions. The high effectiveness of attacking actions with the second touch indicates that the players possess a high level of technical skill in executing this element and skillfully utilize deceptive movements. Deceptive movements when performing the second touch are an integral part of the Swedish team's game strategy. The high effectiveness of applying deceptive movements indicates a good level of mastery of this technical element and an optimal choice of moments for its application, which ultimately leads to disorganization in the defensive actions of the opposing team’s players.
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Cheng, Yi-Shan, Acer Yu-Chan Chang, and Kenji Doya. "Information-Theoretical Analysis of Team Dynamics in Football Matches." Entropy 27, no. 3 (2025): 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27030224.
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Team dynamics significantly influence the outcomes of modern football matches. This study employs an information-theoretical approach, specifically causal emergence, combined with graph theory to explore how team-level dynamics arise from complex interactions among players, utilizing tracking data from 34 J-League matches. We focused on how collective behaviors arise from the interdependence of individual actions, examining team coordination and dynamics through player positions and movements to identify emergent properties. Specifically, we selected relative distance to the field’s center, center of mass (CoM) and clustering coefficients based on velocity similarity and inverse distance as macroscopic features to capture the key aspects of team structure, coordination, and spatial relationships. Relative distance and CoM represent the collective positioning of the team, while clustering coefficients provide insights into localized cooperation and movement similarity among the players. The results indicate that average causal emergence with relative distance and CoM as a macroscopic feature across entire games shows a strong correlation with differences in ball possession rate between home and away teams. In contrast, clustering coefficients based on inverse distance and velocity similarity showed moderate to weak correlations with ball possession rate, indicating that these metrics may capture localized interactions that are less directly tied to team-level emergent behavior compared to CoM. Additionally, relative distance and CoM as macroscopic features yield higher causal emergence in attacking phases than in defending phases before shooting, suggesting that the collective positioning of players may play a more significant role in facilitating successful attacks than in defensive stability. This study offers a novel perspective on team coordination in football, suggesting that effective team coordination may be characterized by emergent patterns arising from collective positioning. These findings have practical implications for understanding coordinated team behaviors and inform coaching and performance analysis focused on enhancing team dynamics.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attacking and defensive actions of the team"
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Casaleiro, Ricardo Fernando Lopes. "Analysis of the defensive process in football Influence of contextual factors on the ball recovery actions (Analysis of Lithuanian U19 Elite Football Team)." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/10402.
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Master Dissertation in Performance Analysis of Sports<br>In football, recovering the ball possession is one of the main purposes of the defensive phase and simultaneously it is also the first stage of the attacking phase. Identifying how and where the ball is regained by taking into consideration contextual variables is a key determinant to the understanding of the defensive behavior of a team and, consequently, can also be important information to develop specific drills in training sessions. The present study aimed to identify the defensive actions and behaviors related to the moment of ball possession recovery taking into consideration different contextual variables. The sample of this study consisted of 1512 ball possession recoveries from 12 games of a U19 Elite Lithuanian Football team. The 1512 ball possession recoveries were analyzed according to the match status and period of the game. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the most prominent zones to recover the ball possession are the offensive center midfield zone (OCMZ) and defensive center midfield zone (DCMZ). The offensive zones registered higher numbers of ball recoveries in the first period of the games, while the defensive zones registered an increase of the ball recoveries in the final periods of the game. Regarding the match status, the team tended to recover more balls when losing. Recovering the ball in higher zones of the pitch allowed the team to reach the goal. The results found showed that the frequency of ball possession recoveries depends on match status and period of the game. The performance indicators shots on target and goals were also influenced by the zones where the ball possession occurred. The coaching staff can benefit from knowing the current results in order to prepare the team's offensive and defensive structures.
Book chapters on the topic "Attacking and defensive actions of the team"
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Baden, Denise, and Jeremy Brown. "Climate Fiction to Inspire Green Actions: A Tale of Two Authors." In Storytelling to Accelerate Climate Solutions. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54790-4_10.
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AbstractMany works of ‘climate fiction’ have a tendency to depict an apocalyptic future that imagines a planet in dystopian collapse. While hope is that such cautionary tales will prompt constructive behavior change, unintended consequences can occur leaving some audiences feeling defensive, hostile, or overly anxious. In contrast, there is a body of evidence indicating that stories and characters that model positive solutions to climate change are more likely to inspire audiences to imitate the fictional role models. This positive approach is shared by the authors of this chapter—Denise Baden in her rom-com Habitat Man and Jeremy Brown (and team) in the comic series The Renegades: Defenders of the Planet. This chapter draws on their experience to offer advice to creative writers within climate fiction. While there are differences in the depiction of gentle versus radical solutions, both authors advocate the need for stories that generate a sense of agency, hope, and courage.
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Lubisco, Alessandro. "The role of the extra-man play actions in elite water polo matches: which elements lead to a good shot?" In Proceedings e report. Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.21.
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In water polo, two teams comprised of six outfield players and a goalkeeper compete for four quarters of 8 minutes’ real play in a playing area of 30x20m. Each team has 30 seconds to complete an action. A frequent situation thought to be very significant to the final result of a match is the extra-man play action. After a major foul a player is sent out of play for 20 seconds. The attacking team, with a series of passes and player movements must quickly try to disrupt the defence and enable a shot. And defence has to work on coordination of movement between players so that the attack finds it difficult to score too easily. Coaches dedicate a lot of time to training their team to attack and defend in an extra-man situation. This paper investigates the issue of extra-man play actions in detail. A study is performed into data from the 2020 European men’s water polo championships, whose aim is to identify whether man-up play actions have any elements that lead to a good shot, meaning a ball in the goal even if it is saved. Several characteristics were recorded on each extra-man play action, but only few of them seem to influence its outcome. This may be explained by the fact that the outcome of a play action is not only linked to the execution of a strategy, but it is influenced by factors which may not all be measured.
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Caliskan Emin, Topgul M. Oguzhan, and Ottis Rain. "Cyber Security Exercises: A Comparison of Participant Evaluation Metrics and Scoring Systems." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - D: Information and Communication Security. IOS Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-771-9-180.
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Cyber security exercises became an important tool for the information security domain for various reasons. Raising awareness, improving readiness to cyber-attacks, and testing capabilities of experts before a real incident are some. However, measuring the success of exercises and the participants participating in the game is a vague area, which no scientifically elaborated approach has been followed, according to the current literature. In this research, some of the well-known cyber security exercises are compared and contrasted by evaluation metrics they use and scoring systems they have implemented to their game. Other than capture the flag type events, which collecting points depend on how many challenges participants solve, this paper elaborates on red team vs. blue team exercises. The ultimate goal is to observe strengths and weaknesses of their approach and identify which metrics are commonly used. According to the findings, after a detailed comparison of these exercises, it was realized that current evaluation techniques in cyber security exercises mostly focus on metrics representing the defensive and offensive success of participants. Keeping the systems up and running, successfully defending systems, or attacking other players are some of the key elements. Furthermore, it was realized that exercises provide a useful way to raise awareness, improve technical competence, and enhance the readiness of cyber security experts in the field. Thus, it is important to extract meaningful outcomes from those exercises, such as understanding which participant has enough capacity to deal with eminent cyber security attacks. There are a number of exercises that aim to achieve this goal; however, it is not clearly described how to evaluate the success metrics. Other than that, evaluating players with a solid, reusable, and meaningful approach is still missing. Non-technical, but important, issues like reporting and media relations lack in many of them. It was seen after this research that it should not be just about who comes first in these cyber security exercises; rather, it should tell who is ready for the real combat.
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Ivasic-Kos, Marina, Kristina Host, and Miran Pobar. "Application of Deep Learning Methods for Detection and Tracking of Players." In Deep Learning Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96308.
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This chapter deals with the application of deep learning methods in sports scenes for the purpose of detecting and tracking the athletes and recognizing their activities. The scenes recorded during handball games and training activities will be used as an example. Handball is a team sport played with the ball with well-defined goals and rules, with a given number of players who can participate in the game as well as their roles. Athletes move quickly throughout the field during the game, change position and roles from defensive to offensive, use different techniques and actions, and very often are partially or completely occluded by another athlete. If artificial lighting and cluttered background are additionally taken into account, it is clear that these are very challenging tasks for object detectors and trackers. The chapter will present the results of various experiments that include player and ball detection using state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural networks such as YOLO v3 or Mask R-CNN, player tracking using Deep Sort, key player determination using activity measures, and action recognition using LSTM. In the conclusion, open issues and challenges in applying deep learning methods in such a dynamic sports environment will be discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Attacking and defensive actions of the team"
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Kudinova, Yuliya Viktorovna. "PROTECTIVE ACTIONS IN VOLLEYBALL-THE BASIS OF ATTRACTIVENESS AND ENTERTAINMENT OF THE GAME PROCESS." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-522/524.
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The article deals with protective actions in volleyball. The relationship between entertainment and attractiveness of the game process and the success of protective actions of athletes in the field is revealed. The team effectiveness of defensive actions is determined based on pedagogical observations of the competitive activity of highly qualified volleyball players. During the study, methods were used: video recording, shorthand.
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Decroos, Tom, Lotte Bransen, Jan Van Haaren, and Jesse Davis. "VAEP: An Objective Approach to Valuing On-the-Ball Actions in Soccer (Extended Abstract)." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/648.
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Despite the fact that objectively assessing the impact of the individual actions performed by soccer players during games is a crucial task, most traditional metrics have substantial shortcomings. First, many metrics only consider rare actions like shots and goals which account for less than 2% of all on-the-ball actions. Second, they fail to account for the context in which the actions occurred. This work summarizes several important contributions. First, we describe a language for representing individual player actions on the pitch. This language unifies several existing formats which greatly simplifies automated analysis and this language is becoming widely used in the soccer analytics community. Second, we describe our framework for valuing any type of player action based on its impact on the game outcome while accounting for the context in which the action happened. This framework enables giving a broad overview of a player's performance, including quantifying a player's total offensive and defensive contributions to their team. Third, we provide illustrative use cases that highlight the working and benefits of our framework.
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Bagińska, Justyna, and Roman Maciej Kalina. "Language of Innovative Agonology: a Guide in Combining Micro and Macro Scales of Preventive, Therapeutic and Defensive Actions." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003501.
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The language of innovative agonology (IA) concerns three layers. One is the terminology, whose basic frame of reference is Tadeusz Kotarbiński’s general theory of struggle (agonology). The remaining ones are: the ambiguity of the same terms used in different sciences (some of which have been appropriated by the public media language); and the need to adapt key words (and even to create neologisms in English for the universal language of IA) which describes scientific discoveries of phenomena included the field of IA research, but originally published in languages other than English.Kotarbiński’s definition of struggle relates to people: “a struggle is any activity, in which at least two subjects participate (assuming that a team can be a subject), while at least one of the subjects hinders the other”. However, Jaroslaw Rudniański’s extension of the concept of ‘struggle’ means that in a certain category of combat (the fight against the pandemic), the parties may not only be human beings. Therefore, in the language of IA (that is, also in a methodology based on a complementary approach), it is legitimate to assume that the ‘material’ means the opponent (subject or thing) with whom the person (individually or in a group) fights.An example of the dilemmas with the ambiguity of using the same terms in different areas of communication is the semantic category ‘development’, elementary to IA (a term used only in a positive sense). The commonly accepted phrase ‘development of a disease’ is patently absurd. Even if the user explains that they meant ‘development in a negative sense’, all the more it shows that they are ignorant as to the semantics.One of the concepts originating from the Lviv-Warsaw school of the methodology of sciences is the term ‘wiedzotwórczy’, which has no equivalent in English. In many methodological arguments edited in Polish, it is a convenient combination of the words ‘knowledge’ and ‘creative’. Future IA professionals will undoubtedly face similar semantic dilemmas. Identifying, interpreting and formulating algorithms for phenomena that need to be effectively addressed (from micro to macro scales) in the areas of prevention, therapy and, in certain circumstances, call for undertaking a strong defense, requires unambiguous language that is understandable to experts in even distant fields.
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Đurković, Tomislav, Nenad Marelić, and Robert Zekić. "Specificity of the anthropometric characteristics and fitness abilities of male volleyball players." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-2.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The main goal of this study is to analyze possible differences in the space of anthro-pometric characteristics, motoric and functional capabilities on the sample of senior male vol-leyball players with different playing roles. On the base of obtained data normative and modal values could be established eventually helping coaches to perform secondary selection – so called volleyball specialization (at the age of 15–16), pointing young players to certain roles where they will be able to achieve maximum results in the volleyball career. Methods: The research was conducted on 74 senior volleyball players all members of Cro-atian premier league teams. Players were categorized as setters (n = 11), central players (n = 17), receivers – attackers (n = 20), opposite hitters (n = 16), and liberos (n = 10). The sample of independent variables consisted of 4 anthropometric measures (body height, body weight, one hand standing reach and two hand standing reach. Ten standardized were used for the assessment of motor skills: lateral agility, starting acceleration, spike and block reach, general flexibility, explosive strength of arms and shoulders, spiking speed, repetitive strength of trunk flexors, static strength of trunk extensor and repetitive strength of chest, arm and shoulders. For the estimation of functional abilities, the relative maximal oxygen consump-tion was used. Dependent variable – playing role – is numerically defined and represents the afiliation of a player to a specific group: (1) setters, (2) central players, (3) receivers – at-tackers, (4) opposite hitters and (5) libero players. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey HSD post-hoc test was used to determine possible significant differences among groups of players. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Significant differences (p < 0,05) were detected for 8 of 16 measured variables – all four anthropometric measures and four measures for the assessment of specific speed – strength capacities. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it is possible to identify the grouping of players in two subgroups, subgroup of attacking players (central players, receivers – attackers and opposite hitters) and the subgroup of the other players (setters and libero players). The main goal of the attackers is to win points with spiking blocking and serving actions for which they need certain anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, and arm span) and capabilities that enable high reaches during those actions. Extremely important is the ability to generate high spiking and serving speeds to prevent the reaction of the opponent block, defense, and service reception. For the second subgroup it can be said that they are not necessarily concentrated on winning points but on the preparation activities before spike in attack or counterattack like service reception (libero), defense (libero and setter) or setting (setter and libero) in the attack and counterattack complex for which body height, body weight and specific speed – strength capacities are not crucial (setter) or they are completely irrelevant (libero). Based on the obtained results the experts in the training process can direct the play-ers toward specific role and develop very skills that are highly correlated with the specific situational eficiency in the game.
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Maciej Kalina, Roman. "Innovative Agonology – Definition, Detailed Theories, Laws, and General Rule of Struggle." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003497.
Full textAbstract:
The idea of ‘innovative agonology’ came into being in 2016 in the Archives of Budo journal with the thematic section ‘Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agonology”. Innovative agonology (IA) is an applied science dedicated to promotion, prevention and therapy related to all dimensions of health and regarding the optimization of activities that increase the ability to survive (from micro to macro scales). The basic method of IA in the research and application sphere is a complementary approach in the broadest possible cognitive-behavioural perspective.At the essence of any particular science is the substantiation of its claims. Since any time one needs to either maintain health, survive, eliminate or slow down the effects of destructive factors, the key phenomenon is some form of combat, so the justification for these necessary actions is provided by the science of struggle. All five existing theories of struggle are published in Polish, with the terminology of Tadeusz Kotarbiński’s (1938) general theory of struggle (agonology) prevailing over the others. Kotarbiński placed military struggles on the ‘ground floor’, parliamentary and judicial disputes, commercial competition, sports fights, etc. on the ‘middle floor’, and he reserved the top floor’ for the general theory of action (praxeology), which includes agonology but not vice versa. Since the usefulness of almost every scientific discovery is considered from a military perspective, it is not surprising that another theory (detailed one) by Józef Konieczny concerns destruction (1969). Paradoxically, Jarosław Rudniański published the theory of non-armed struggle during martial law in Poland under a camouflaged title (1983). In 1989, when Russian troops were still stationed (they left Poland on September 17, 1993), he re-issued the work (without camouflage) and supplemented it with the theory of compromise. At that time (1991) I published the theory of defensive struggle together with the theoretical basis for complementary prevention and therapy of somatic and mental health and increasing personal safety (survival). The law of the only possibility, as defined in my theory of combat sports (2000), is universal enough to be used in interpretations of even such remote phenomena as miraculous healings.Rudniański defined general rule of struggle as “an action in which a material or surrounding all the action’s time is in independent motion from an acting one, creating simultaneously strong and various resistance; act this way to be able at any moment possibly change both a plan of action and its manner”. Such a broad rule encompasses every case of human struggle with the need to overcome (fight) against factors that threaten one’s own or others’ health or life, as well as the defence of universally recognized values, nature, cultural products, technology, etc.Familiarity (by at least one member of the research or practical problem-solving team) with the languages and algorithms of detailed struggle theories, as well as with the basics of complementary research methodologies, is a prerequisite to minimize the possibility of omitting important details.
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Conohova, Tatiana. "Study of the process of technical training of junior women in volleyball." In The International Scientific Congress "Sports. Olimpysm. Health". SOH 2023. 8th Edition. The State University of Physical Education and Sport, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52449/soh23.14.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance of the research topic. To date, the priority directions in the scientific and methodological substantiation and training of volleyball players are the search for innovative means and methods of training at various stages of the training process. However, the analysis of the scientific and methodological literature allows us to conclude that in practice many coaches adhere to outdated views on the issues of planning and organizing the improvement of technical training. In our opinion, this is associated with lack of methodological developments of training sessions in different periods of the training process. To solve the tasks set, the following set of scientific research methods was used: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, questioning; pedagogical observations; control measurements; pedagogical experiment; statistical processing of the received data. The objective of pedagogical observations was to study the process of planning, implementation and control of technical training among juniors in volleyball. Control tests were carried out in order to determine the level of technical readiness of volleyball players throughout the study. The current registration was carried out by the coach at the end of the pre-competitive period at the training sessions and the competitive period during the games of the Championship of Moldova among women's teams. For registration, methods were used, as well as other means developed by the coach, considering specific working conditions: special videos of games and training sessions that make it possible to judge the degree of technical preparedness of the player and the team as a whole, the effectiveness of the application of techniques. In the process of training work, control should be carried out systematically by periods and cycles of training. In the practice of volleyball, such control involves three types of assessment of technical readiness: assessment of the sports technique itself; determination of the result achieved through the use of this technique; assessment of the effectiveness of the technique in a specific game situation. The study was carried out in several stages and consisted in conducting control tests to determine the level of technical readiness in the junior teams participating in the Championship of the Republic of Moldova in volleyball. The study was conducted in order to determine the dynamics of the growth of indicators of the level of technical readiness at the pre-competitive stage of the training process based on the results of control tests. Also, during the pedagogical experiment, we analyzed the technical actions in the process of official competitions. In the course of training sessions in the experimental group, we used a set of game exercises of a technical and tactical nature, and also used specialized simulators that increase the individual level of technical training of juniors. The combination of these means of the training process took place according to a certain model: the method of circular training, where exercises of a game nature are performed in a limited space, so that 2-3 volleyball players participate in the exercise, and then the performance of one or more technical elements in conjunction on the simulator (reception- attacking blow; transfer-attacking blow, etc.). The possibility of using special game exercises and specialized simulators allowed us to significantly increase the motor density of the training session, as well as increase the game interaction between volleyball players. The effectiveness of the developed technique of technical training of juniors in volleyball using the experimental program was confirmed in a statistically significant increase in these indicators of technical and competitive readiness obtained during the pedagogical experiment. It should also be noted that the good progress in the quality and stability of the performance of technical elements and their types during the application of the experimental training methodology. According to the results of the control of competitive games, it can be seen that there was a significant increase in performance in the competitive activities of both teams, the growth was approximately 10.1%, and in training sessions - about 20%. This suggests that the training process is built correctly and the applied training methodology is rational. Since the shifts in the qualitative performance of technical methods are palpable. The results of the study indicate that the experimental methodology allows to objectively evaluate the quality of the execution of techniques and determine their effectiveness, both in competitive games and in training sessions. As the results of the control showed, the use of a special set of game exercises aimed at improving the technical skills developed by us turned out to be effective. Along with a pronounced training effect, special exercises are an effective means for developing special physical qualities of volleyball players, so these exercises can be recommended for training both with beginners and high-class athletes.